Planning Method for Realizing Automobile Transportation by Transforming Container Ships Based on Special Devices

Abstract

The present invention discloses a planning method for realizing the transportation of automobiles by transforming a container ship based on a special device. First, according to the situation of the ship's need to be suitable for loading automobiles and the general layout plan of transporting containers; thereafter, the simplified diagram of the fixed layout of automobiles within the fixed automobile device frame and the simplified diagram of the corresponding wheel load magnitude and contact area within the bottom surface are planned, and then the self-fixing design of the flat ground friction within the fixed automobile device, the auxiliary friction limit design, and the design of auxiliary lashing for fixing automobiles are determined. Finally, the planning of the automobile fixing system inside the fixed automobile device is completed. The device of the method of the present invention can increase the cargo capacity of standard automobiles carried by container ships by more than 80%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to ship design technology, and more specifically, to a planning method for an automobile carrying device in the process of converting a container ship into an automobile carrier ship. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the actual ship construction orders of container ships at present, in order to improve the operating economy of container ships, it is urgent to develop new uses for container ships to carry other goods. In the past, high-end automobiles were transported by container ships by being loaded into containers. However, the loading capacity of such ships for transporting automobiles is relatively small and the transportation cost is high. In the past, the transportation method of rolling automobiles onto the ship to a designated position and manually tying them up has a long port loading and unloading time and requires a lot of manual operations. The loading and unloading efficiency is low and the risk of accidents is high. When an automobile carrier ship transports a large number of automobiles, serious marine casualties often occur due to the failure of manual fixing and tying of the automobiles. There is a need for a high-safety fixing device that can improve the large-scale transportation of automobiles by ships.

[0003] The weight and center of gravity of various whole automobiles transported in large quantities by ships are basically relatively fixed for determining the weight and center of gravity of automobile types, and can only fluctuate within a small range (relative to the axle spacing length, the fluctuation range generally does not exceed 10%); According to incomplete statistics, the actual maximum movement amplitude of a container ship during sea transportation generally does not exceed 45 degrees; When the fixed automobile moves synchronously with the ship as cargo, the center of gravity position relative to the hull remains unchanged, and only the direction of gravity may change, and the change is only a deviation equal to the inclination angle of the ship relative to the hull (that is, the direction of gravity remains unchanged in the geodetic coordinate system).

[0004] Research by relevant institutions shows that the main reasons for serious marine casualties caused by the failure of the tying device when an automobile carrier ship transports automobiles may be: internal damage of the flexible tying belt, improper manual operation of using the tying belt for fixing, the static friction force between the automobile tire and the contact surface supporting it drops sharply due to the wet surface of the tire and the ground steel due to the humid marine environment, resulting in the friction force almost dropping to zero, and when the tying of the automobile cargo fails and the cargo moves widely in the large cargo hold space, it accelerates the disappearance of the ship's stability, etc. The main solutions to reduce the risk of such marine casualties are: increasing the friction force between the automobile tire and the contact surface supporting it and making it less affected by the humid environment, reducing the manual tying operation work on the ship, increasing the fixing of the automobile so that it can still remain fixed inside the hull or only move within a limited small range under severe sea conditions, and increasing the stability reserve of the ship;

[0005] At present, with the increasing maturity of technologies such as ship motion monitoring and forecasting at sea, during ship design, through relevant forecasting calculations, the characteristics of cargo movement during the entire life cycle of the ship during sea transportation, the maximum transverse inclination angle and the maximum longitudinal inclination angle in each direction, and other parameter limit values can be obtained; the static friction self-locking angle can be deduced from the friction coefficients when automotive tires come into contact with common different materials. For example, when selecting materials with high economy and large friction coefficients as the contact surface at the tire, when the maximum inclination angle of the ship's motion is less than the self-locking angle, it is possible to keep the vehicle relatively fixed and stationary in this loading device during ship transportation, providing a technical basis for improving the safety of fixing the vehicle during ship transportation and simplifying the fixing method. And when the maximum inclination angle of the ship's motion is slightly greater than the self-locking angle, it is possible to cooperate with increasing the additional friction angle to keep the vehicle relatively fixed and stationary in this loading device during ship transportation. Therefore, based on the existing materials and processes, it is possible to ensure self-locking within a certain angle range in the stable state of the vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the background art, the present invention aims to shorten the loading and unloading time of ships transporting vehicles at ports. The method of previously rolling vehicles onto ships for transportation is improved to be completed on land at ports, that is, the vehicle is fixed to a marine modular vehicle loading device, and then hoisted into a container ship to improve the efficiency and safety of loading and unloading vehicle goods at ports. At the same time, the present invention replaces the large-area deck in a vehicle transport ship with a modular vehicle loading device, which is similar to a container and can be reused by multiple ships, thereby reducing the cost of transporting vehicles by ship. However, in cooperation with a marine modular vehicle loading device that can quickly and safely fix vehicles, the present invention provides a planning method for a marine vehicle loading device with high safety.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a planning method for realizing vehicle transportation by transforming a container ship based on a special device, including the following steps:

[0008] S1. According to the situation of the ship's need to accommodate vehicles, determine the vehicle's external dimensions, weight center of gravity, and corresponding various wheel load spacings and ground contact areas; determine the general arrangement plan of the container ship for transporting containers, including the number and distribution layout of containers and the external dimension information of 20-foot and 40-foot containers for design;

[0009] Determine the horizontal plane dimension of the vehicle fixing device. The vehicle fixing device includes a rectangular bottom horizontal plane bearing truss and gantry frames vertically arranged at both longitudinal ends. The specific dimensions are: the longitudinal length is A meters and the transverse width is B meters; in the ship's coordinate system, A = 12.192 + δ l , B = 2.438 * n + δ b ; where n is the number of equivalent containers in the ship width direction, taking natural numbers less than 5; δ bis the container spacing in the ship width direction, with a value less than 0.3 meters; δ l is the tolerance of the hold length in the ship length direction, with a value less than 0.4 meters;

[0010] S2. Determine the external height dimension of the fixed vehicle device. The specific determination method is as follows: According to the height H of the suitable vehicle c , the height H of the bottom structure of each layer of the modular fixed device d , and the positive clearance H between the stacks of each layer of devices e , determine that the height of the fixed vehicle carrier device is H, and H = H c +H d +H e +δ h , where H c has a value range of 1.3 to 2.5 meters, H d has a value range of 0.3 to 1.2 meters, H e has a value range not exceeding 0.3 meters, and δ h is the maximum allowable value of the relative deformation of the bottom layer of the fixed vehicle carrier device, with a value not exceeding 0.1 meter;

[0011] S3. Plan the simplified diagram of the vehicle fixation layout within the frame of the fixed vehicle device and the simplified diagram of the corresponding wheel load size and contact area on the bottom surface, and complete the safety assessment of the structure of the fixed vehicle carrier device according to the following step S4 and the relevant specifications for the hull structure safety assessment of the vehicle deck in the classification society rules of the operating ship, and determine the specific dimensions of the load-bearing components inside the frame of the fixed vehicle carrier device;

[0012] S4. According to the formulas for calculating the transverse inclination angle and longitudinal inclination angle of a container ship in the classification society rules of the ship and the calculation results of the overall stability of the ship, determine the maximum limit transverse inclination angle and the maximum limit longitudinal inclination angle θ, and the minimum flooding transverse inclination angle Ψ at which the stability disappears in each working condition; among them, based on the geodetic coordinate system, determine the angles θ, Ψ, and further determine that the maximum inclination angle during the vehicle-carrying transportation of the ship is

[0013] S5. The self-fixing design of the flat ground friction inside the fixed vehicle device: According to the formula for calculating the friction self-locking angle, f s =tan(π*β / 180), where π is the pi, calculate the minimum coefficient f of the friction coefficient that can be self-locked at the maximum inclination angle β of the ship s ,

[0014] Select the dressing for the flat ground inside the fixed vehicle device so that f sa ≥f s , f sa is the minimum value of the median of the static friction coefficient range between the vehicle tire and the dressing;

[0015] Take the additional friction angle γ = β + ε - α, where the static friction self-locking angle α corresponding to the dressing = 180 / π * arctan(f sa ); ε is the reserved redundant angle for safe fixation, and ε does not exceed 15 degrees;

[0016] When γ ≤ 0, it is determined that the dressing is applicable, and the following step S8 is carried out. Otherwise, the automotive auxiliary fixation design is determined according to the following steps S6 and / or S7;

[0017] S6. The auxiliary friction limit design in the automotive fixation device: When the additional friction angle γ > 0, according to the simplified diagram of the fixed automotive position, the corresponding wheel load magnitude, and the contact area in the frame bottom plane in step S3 above, increase the anti-slip design of the local area of the flat ground in contact with the automotive tire, such as adding local pits or ridges or parking wedges, to supplement the requirement to meet the additional friction angle γ; among them, the edge angle of the pit or ridge or parking wedge takes the value of α p , and it is required that α p ≥ γ, but α p The actual value cannot exceed the minimum value among the maximum passing angles of various automobiles carried, and the height of this pit or ridge or parking wedge cannot exceed the maximum value among the minimum ground clearances of various automobiles carried; when α p < γ, then the auxiliary lashing limit fixation design for the automobile needs to be further increased according to the following step S7. Otherwise, the following step S8 is carried out;

[0018] S8. The auxiliary lashing fixation design for the automobile in the automotive fixation device: Use flexible lashing belts to fix auxiliary fixation parts near the stored automotive goods; the reference for the auxiliary lashing limit design is the international standard ISO9367 Lashing and fixing devices for road vehicles used in the sea transportation of roll-on / roll-off ships. When calculating the lashing force of the automobile, the actual mass M of the automobile needs to be corrected considering the friction influence in the above S5, that is: The lashing force of the automobile design in the automotive fixation device is calculated according to the ISO 9367 standard, and the original mass M of the automobile that needs to be lashed and fixed in the relevant calculation formula is replaced with the value M a , and the formulas are as follows: When there are the auxiliary friction limit design measures in step S6 above, M a = M * tan(γ - α a ), where the values of γ and α p are shown in the above steps S5 and S6; when there are no auxiliary friction limit design measures in step S6 above, M p = M * tan(γ); a

[0019] S9. Complete the planning of the vehicle fixing system inside the vehicle fixing device according to the above steps S4 to S8, and review the safety assessment of the device according to the above step S3, determine the specific dimensions and materials of all components, and draw the design parking space line markings on the ground inside the device to complete the planning.

[0020] In the preferred mode, the vehicle is a small car, and the reserved redundant angle ε for safe fixing is 5 degrees; the height calculation formula in step S2 is simplified to: H = H d , and a preset spacing increasing system is provided in the ship's cargo hold, H = H c +H d +H e +δ h -h, where h is the maximum adjustable height value of the increasing system; in step S1, n is 3.

[0021] In the preferred mode, a hidden airbag is added to the bottom of the vehicle fixing device in step S6. When the inclination angle of the ship exceeds the static friction self-locking angle α obtained according to step S5, the airbag is triggered to release, and the airbag pops out downward to the lower layer. This airbag increases a pressure P perpendicular to the vehicle on the top of the vehicle, and the calculation formula is: P = M * g * sin(π * γ / 180) / cos(π * α / 180), the unit of P is kilonewton, where M is the maximum original mass of the vehicle to be fixed.

[0022] Among them, steps S1 and S2 of the method of the present invention give the method for determining the external dimensions of the vehicle fixing device. By using the comparison of cargo layout, the calculation formula for the external dimensions of the vehicle fixing device optimized and matched for container ships is given, providing a design technical basis for a significant increase (more than 80%) in the number of standard vehicle-carrying vehicles on the same plane per unit space compared with ordinary containers;

[0023] Steps S3 to S5 combine the static friction self-locking angle and the motion characteristics of the container ship to give the design method for the vehicle to self-fix during the cargo loading process in the shipborne vehicle fixing device during the entire life cycle of the ship. For example, when the vehicle tire material contacts the rough concrete, the static friction self-locking angle can mostly exceed 35 degrees, while the normal sea motion inclination angle of the ship generally does not exceed 30 degrees, providing a technical basis for improving the safety of fixing the vehicle during ship transportation and simplifying the fixing method. That is, the vehicle fixing device designed according to the method of the present invention can achieve that the vehicle transported in the fixing device can remain fixed (relative to the ground of the device) during the ship's motion under the design safety motion conditions, the supporting ground material and shape of the ship, which can greatly reduce the workload of manually fixing the vehicle to the nearby fixing platform with tie straps when a large number of vehicles are transported by traditional car carriers, avoid the risk of the failure of manually tying and fixing the vehicle, and improve the safety of the ship.

[0024] In particular, in step S4, a method for determining the most dangerous inclination angle during ship cargo transportation is given. The multi-dimensional ultimate design value is used to determine the maximum inclination angle during ship car transportation, providing a design technical basis for self-fixation by frictional force. In step S5, a design determination method for self-fixation by static frictional force within the device during ship car transportation is given. The large frictional force self-locking angle is used to achieve self-fixation of the vehicle during the normal movement of the ship, greatly reducing the workload of manual lashing and other operations for transporting a large number of cars on traditional ships and avoiding the risk of failure of manual lashing to fix the cars, improving the safety of the ship.

[0025] In addition, in step S6, a method for adding auxiliary friction limit design is given, that is, by changing the ground shape or adding a simple limit device (parking wedge) to achieve auxiliary fixation of the vehicle, providing a design technical basis for improving the safety of the ship; in step S7, a design method for the auxiliary vehicle fixation device is given, that is, by using new materials and conventional vehicle fixation methods to achieve auxiliary fixation of the vehicle, providing a design technical basis for improving the safety of the ship. Steps S6 and S7 give an innovative design method for marine auxiliary vehicle fixation, which can improve the safety performance of ships transporting vehicles at sea. Because the static frictional force can offset most of the additional moving forces caused by the ship's movement on the vehicle, only a small amount of auxiliary transmission device is needed to limit and increase the redundancy of vehicle fixation, so that the vehicle can still remain stationary relative to the ground of the fixation device in the fixed transport device during the ship's movement (for example, the static friction self-locking angle between rubber and rough concrete ground can exceed 35 degrees).

[0026] The present invention provides a method for planning a marine rapid vehicle fixation and transportation device that can greatly increase the vehicle loading capacity, providing a supporting device for container ships to enhance the function of transporting a large number of vehicles. For example, when a conventional container ship adopts the device of this invention method, the standard vehicle loading capacity of the ship can be increased by more than 80% (compared with the original use of containers to transport vehicles on the container ship), and it can basically reach the same level as the number of standard vehicles carried by traditional car carriers of the same main dimensions. At the same time, when the device designed by the method of the present invention is used for container ships, the ratio of the effective vehicle loading area to the number of vehicles carried on the vehicle deck (the larger this value, the higher the economy) can reach more than 8.5, which is significantly higher than the corresponding value range (8.2 to 8.4) of traditional conventional-designed car carriers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal load-bearing truss structure of the device bottom surface.

[0029] Figure 3 Flow chart of the example design.

[0030] Figure 4 Stereo schematic diagram when the example device transports and fixes the vehicle. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, it is determined that the external shape structure of the fixed vehicle device includes a rectangular bottom horizontal plane load-bearing truss and gantry frames vertically arranged at both longitudinal ends;

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, the planning method for the present invention to transform a container ship based on a special device to realize vehicle transportation includes the following steps:

[0033] S1. According to the information on the types of vehicles suitable for loading on the ship (including the external dimensions, weight centers of gravity, corresponding wheel load spacings and ground contact areas of various types of vehicles suitable for loading, the same hereinafter, such information is generally provided by the shipowner according to operating requirements. If such information is not available during the initial design, it is designed according to the roll-on / roll-off ship data in the ship design practical manual) and the general arrangement plan of the container ship for transporting containers (this plan meets the requirements of the ship design practical manual and contains information such as the number of containers and their distribution arrangements, and the external dimensions of 20-foot and 40-foot containers for design), determine the horizontal plane dimensions of the external shape of the fixed vehicle device. The specific determination method is as follows: The horizontal plane dimensions of this fixed vehicle device are determined according to the original container positions and guide rail arrangements on the container ship and the dimensions of the vehicle cargo varieties suitable for loading and the requirements of the vehicle position arrangement. It is determined that the single-layer plane of the horizontal plane of this modular fixed device has a longitudinal length of A meters and a transverse width of B meters (the same as the main hull coordinate system), A = 12.192 + δ l , B = 2.438 * n + δ b (where n is the number of equivalent containers in the ship width direction, and n is a natural number less than 5; δ b is the container spacing in the ship width direction, and the value is less than 0.3 meters; δ l is the tolerance of the hold length in the ship length direction, and the value is less than 0.4 meters).

[0034] S2. Determine the height dimensions of the external shape of the fixed vehicle device. The specific determination method is as follows: According to the height H of the vehicle suitable for loading c (the value range is 1.3 to 2.5 meters) and the height H of the bottom structure of each layer of the modular fixed device d (the value range is 0.3 to 1.2 meters. The internal load-bearing structure of the bottom surface of this device adopts a truss structure (such as Figure 2 shown) and surface auxiliary materials with a large friction coefficient on the contact surface with the vehicle tires) and the positive clearance H between the stacks of each layer of the device e (the value range does not exceed 0.3 meters. It is recommended that the bottom and top plane structures of the fixed vehicle transportation device adopt a corresponding clamping stacking design at both longitudinal ends to maximize the utilization of the on-board space and effectively transfer the load of the device downward), determine that the height of the fixed vehicle transportation device is H, H = H c + H d + H e+δ h (where δ h is the maximum allowable relative deformation value at the bottom layer of the fixed vehicle carrier device, and the value does not exceed 0.1 m).

[0035] S3. Based on the external dimensions of the fixed vehicle carrier device and the relevant information on the types of vehicles suitable for loading on the ship determined in the above steps, determine the simplified diagram of the fixed layout of the vehicle within the frame of the fixed vehicle carrier device and the simplified diagram of the corresponding wheel load magnitude and contact area on the bottom surface. And according to the following step S4, determine the acceleration and the relevant specifications for the hull structure safety assessment of the vehicle deck in the classification society rules of the operating ship (for example, the calculation method of the deck design pressure for vehicle wheel loads given in Chapter 5, Section 10, Part 3 of the DNV GL Rules), complete the safety assessment of the structure of the fixed vehicle carrier device, and determine the specific dimensions of the load-bearing components inside the frame of the fixed vehicle carrier device.

[0036] S4. According to the calculation formulas of the transverse inclination angle and longitudinal inclination angle of the container ship in the classification society rules of the ship and the calculation results of the overall stability of the ship, determine the maximum ultimate transverse inclination angle and the maximum ultimate longitudinal inclination angle θ, and the minimum flooding transverse inclination angle Ψ at which stability is lost in each working condition (based on the geodetic coordinate system, all the following angles are in this coordinate system and the unit is degree). And determine that the maximum inclination angle of the ship during vehicle transportation is β = max

[0037] S5. Self-locking design of the flat ground friction inside the device: According to the calculation formula of the friction self-locking angle, f s = tan(π*β / 180), where π is the pi, calculate the minimum coefficient f s of the friction coefficient that can be self-locked at the maximum inclination angle β of the ship. Select the static friction coefficient in contact with the vehicle tire (usually synthetic rubber) from the common material friction coefficient table as f sa (the influence of dry and wet conditions needs to be considered. If the same material is a range value, take the minimum value in the middle of all coefficient ranges) as the dressing material for the flat ground inside the device. Generally, f sa ≥ f s . According to the calculation formula of the static friction self-locking angle, obtain the corresponding static friction self-locking angle α of this material, α = 180 / π*arctan(f sa ). Take the additional friction angle γ = β + ε - α (ε is the reserved redundancy angle for safety fixation, determined according to the operating route, and this value generally does not exceed 15 degrees, recommended to use 5 degrees). If γ ≤ 0, then determine this material as the flat ground material in contact with the vehicle inside this device and proceed to the following step S8. Otherwise, determine the auxiliary vehicle fixation design according to the following steps S6 and / or S7, that is, steps S6 and S7 can be used separately or in combination.

[0038] S6. Auxiliary friction limit design inside the device: When the additional friction angle γ > 0, according to the simplified diagram of fixing the vehicle position and corresponding wheel load and contact area in the bottom plane of the frame in step S3 above, it may be necessary to increase local anti-slip design of the flat ground area in contact with the vehicle tires by adding local pits (or ridges, parking wedges, etc.) to supplement the demand for meeting the additional friction angle γ, that is, pits (or ridges, parking wedges, etc.) are set within the wheel load contact area of the flat ground of this device, and the edge angle of the pits (or ridges, parking wedges, etc.) is taken as α p , and it is required that α p ≥γ, but α p The actual value cannot exceed the minimum value among the maximum passing angles of various vehicles carried, and the height of this pit (or ridge, parking wedge, etc.) cannot exceed the maximum value among the minimum ground clearances of various vehicles carried. When finally α p <γ, then it is necessary to add an auxiliary lashing limit design for fixing the vehicle according to the following step S7, otherwise proceed to the following step S8.

[0039] S7. Auxiliary lashing and fixing design for the vehicle inside the device: Use conventional flexible lashing straps to fix auxiliary fixing parts near the stored vehicle cargo, so that when the vehicle on the ship has a large inclination angle exceeding the friction self-locking angle or when restricting the vehicle movement, the vehicle can still remain within the space of the carrying device or within the limited movement range that does not accelerate the stability failure of the ship under accidental conditions, so as to avoid the situation of accelerated stability failure of the ship caused by excessive movement range of the vehicle. Such auxiliary lashing and fixing limit design refers to the international standard ISO 9367 Lashing and fixing devices for road vehicles during sea transportation on rolling ships, but when calculating the vehicle lashing force, the actual mass M of the vehicle needs to be corrected considering the friction effect in the above S5, that is, when calculating the vehicle lashing force in the design of this device according to the ISO 9367 standard, the original mass M (unit: kilogram) of the vehicle that needs to be lashed and fixed in the relevant calculation formula is replaced with the value M a (unit: kilogram), and the formulas are as follows: When there is the auxiliary friction limit design measure in step S6 above, M a = M * tan(γ - α a ), where the values of γ and α p are shown in steps S5 and S6 above; when there is no auxiliary friction limit design measure in step S6 above, M p = M * tan(γ). a

[0040] S8. Complete the design of the vehicle fixing system inside this device according to the above steps S4 to S7, and relevant, and review the safety assessment of the device according to the above step S3, determine the specific dimensions and materials of all components inside the device, and draw design parking space line markings on the ground inside the device to complete the design of this vehicle fixing device.

[0041] ​In the above steps, for step S2, if the ship is equipped with a smart fixing system that can fix the movable platform according to the preset specified storey height, the device can be further simplified into a planar frame device that only carries the vehicle, and the height calculation formula of the fixed vehicle carrier device is simplified to: H = H d .

[0042] In the above steps, for step S2, if the ship's cargo hold is equipped with a smart heightening system that can complete the preset spacing in the height direction of the modular fixing device according to the height adjustment requirements of the suitable goods, the height calculation formula of the fixed vehicle carrier device can be transformed into: H = H c +H d +H e +δ h -h, where h is the maximum adjustable height value of the smart heightening system.

[0043] In the above steps, for step S6, the auxiliary friction limit is not limited to the contact surface between the tire and the ground. The method of equivalently using other parts of the vehicle to increase the friction force to achieve the function of fixing the vehicle should be regarded as an extended application of the design method of the present invention. For example, a hidden airbag is added to the bottom of the fixing device. When the inclination angle of the ship exceeds the static friction self-locking angle α obtained according to step S5, the airbag automatic release program is triggered, and the airbag pops out downward. This airbag can increase the vertical pressure P on the vehicle at the top of the vehicle to increase the friction force between the vehicle and the ground in the inclined state, so as to achieve the purpose that the vehicle moves synchronously with the fixing device and the vehicle remains fixed in the device. The calculation formula of P is: P = M * g * sin(π * γ / 180) / cos(π * α / 180), the unit of P is kilonewton, where M is the maximum original mass of the vehicle to be fixed (unit: kilogram), and the values of γ and α are shown in step S5 of the method of the present invention;

[0044] In the above steps, for step S6, the auxiliary friction limit designed as a detachable or movable part that uses the method of increasing the friction force to play a limiting role under limited conditions should also be regarded as an extended application of the design method of the present invention.

[0045] To improve the redundancy of vehicle fixing safety, when γ ≤ 0 in step S5, the relevant limiting designs of S6 and / or S7 are additionally adopted, which should be regarded as an extended application of the design method of the present invention;

[0046] The methods of steps S4 to S7 above should not be limited to independent fixing devices. Using new materials with a high friction coefficient to fix the fixed (or movable) deck for transporting vehicles during ship transportation of vehicles should also be regarded as an extended application of the design method of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] For a certain type of container ship, according to the method flow of the present invention Figure 1 , as followsFigure 3 Example invention design flow chart for the modular vehicle fixing device. The design of the modular vehicle fixing device is completed. The specific external dimensions of this modular vehicle fixing device are as follows: the longitudinal length is 12.192 meters, the transverse width is 4.958 meters, and the height is 2.2 meters. On the upper surface of the bottom truss structure of the vehicle transported inside this device, a rough concrete flat ground with a static friction coefficient exceeding 0.71 with synthetic rubber in a humid environment is laid (i.e., the friction self-locking angle of this flat ground is 35.3 degrees), while the maximum inclination angle β of this ship is 30 degrees, realizing the function of safe transportation of vehicles at sea without lashing. At the same time, using this device, the number of standard vehicles transported by a single container ship has increased by more than 95% (compared with transporting vehicles entirely in containers), greatly improving the port loading and unloading efficiency and safety of large-scale vehicle transportation by container ships.

[0049] The specific process of designing this example according to the method of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] S1: According to step S1 of the method of the present invention, determine the external horizontal plane dimensions of the fixed vehicle device that can be carried by a certain container ship, with a longitudinal length of 12.192 meters and a transverse width of 4.958 meters.

[0051] S2: According to step S2 of the method of the present invention, determine the external height dimension of the fixed vehicle device that can be carried by a certain container ship as: the height H is 2.2 meters, where H c = 1.9 meters, H d = 0.5 meters, H e = -0.25 meters, δ h = 0.05 meters.

[0052] S3: According to step S3 of the method of the present invention, determine the simplified diagram of vehicle arrangement within the frame of the fixed vehicle carrying device, the simplified diagram of the position of the fixed vehicle within the frame bottom plane, the corresponding wheel load size and contact area, and the simplified diagram of the truss structure arrangement of the bottom bearing plane of the fixed vehicle carrying device. And according to the acceleration in step S4 and the classification society specifications, etc., complete the preliminary safety assessment of the structure of the fixed vehicle carrying device and determine the specific dimensions of the internal components, and determine that the load-bearing components of this device adopt the steel truss design as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0053] S4: According to step S4 of the method of the present invention, determine that the maximum allowable transverse inclination angle during the safe transportation of vehicles by a certain container ship is 28 degrees, the maximum allowable longitudinal inclination angle is 10 degrees, and the minimum flooding transverse inclination angle at which stability disappears in each working condition is 30 degrees. Determine that the maximum inclination angle during the vehicle transportation of this ship is β = 30 degrees.

[0054] S5: Complete the design of the vehicle self-fixing system of this device according to step S5 of the method of the present invention, f s= tan(π*β / 180) = tan(π*30 / 180) = 0.57735, select the static friction coefficient f in contact with the automobile tire (usually synthetic rubber) sa = 0.71 > f s The concrete with this property is the flat ground material in contact with the automobile within this device. The static friction self-locking angle α corresponding to this material is 35.3 degrees. Take ε = 5 degrees, γ = β + ε - α = 30 + 5 - 35.3 = -0.3 degrees < 0. It is determined that only the concrete rough plane with a static friction coefficient of 0.71 between the automobile tire and the ground is required within this device, and jump to step 8 below;

[0055] S6: Skip this step;

[0056] S7: Skip this step;

[0057] According to step S8 of the method of the present invention, determine the specific dimensions and materials of all components within this device, and draw the design parking space line markings on the ground within the device to complete the design of the fixed automobile device in this example. The three-dimensional schematic diagram when this device transports and fixes the automobile is as Figure 4 shown.

[0058] As mentioned above, only the preferred specific implementation manners of the present invention are described, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planning method for realizing the transportation of automobiles by transforming a container ship based on a special device, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Determine information according to the situation of the ship's suitability for loading cars; Determine the horizontal plane dimension of the outer shape of the fixed car device, where the fixed car device includes a rectangular bottom horizontal plane load-bearing truss and gantry frames vertically arranged at both longitudinal ends; S2. Determine the height dimension of the outer shape of the fixed car device; S3. Plan the simple diagram of the car fixation layout within the frame of the fixed car device and the simple diagram of the corresponding wheel load magnitude and contact area on the bottom surface, and complete the safety assessment of the structure of the fixed car carrying device according to the following step S4 and the relevant specifications for the hull structure safety assessment of the car carrier deck in the classification society rules of the operating ship, and determine the specific dimensions of the load-bearing components inside the frame of the fixed car carrying device; S4. Determine the maximum ultimate transverse inclination angle of the ship during vehicle transportation according to the calculation formulas for the transverse and longitudinal inclination angles of container ships in the rules of the classification society and the calculation results of the overall stability of the ship. And the maximum ultimate longitudinal inclination angle θ and the minimum flooding transverse inclination angle Ψ at which the stability disappears in each working condition; among them, based on the geodetic coordinate system, determine the angles θ, Ψ, and further determine that the maximum inclination angle of the ship during vehicle transportation is S5. The flat ground friction self-fixing design in the fixed vehicle device: According to the friction self-locking angle calculation formula, f s = tan(π*β / 180), where π is the pi, calculate the minimum coefficient f of the friction coefficient that can self-lock at the maximum tilt angle β of the ship s , Select the flat ground dressing inside the fixed vehicle device such that f sa ≥f s , where f sa is the minimum value of the median of the static friction coefficient range when the vehicle tire contacts the dressing; Take the additional friction angle γ = β + ε - α, where the static friction self-locking angle α corresponding to the dressing is α = 180 / π * arctan(f sa )); ε is the reserved redundant angle for safe fixation, and ε does not exceed 15 degrees; When γ ≤ 0, it is determined that the dressing is applicable, and the following step S8 is carried out; otherwise, the auxiliary fixation design of the car is determined according to the following steps S6 and / or S7; S6. Auxiliary friction limit design in the fixed vehicle device: When the additional friction angle γ > 0, according to the simplified diagram of the fixed vehicle position, corresponding wheel load size and contact area in the bottom plane of the frame in step S3 above, add anti-slip design to the local area of the flat ground in contact with the vehicle tires, such as adding local pits or ridges or parking wedges to supplement the requirement for the additional friction angle γ; among them, the edge angle of the pit or ridge or parking wedge is α p , and it is required that α p ≥γ, but α p The actual value cannot exceed the minimum value of the maximum passing angles of various vehicles carried, and the height of this pit or ridge or parking wedge cannot exceed the maximum value of the minimum ground clearances of various vehicles carried; when α p <γ, then it is also necessary to add an auxiliary lashing limit design for fixing the vehicle according to step S7 below, otherwise proceed to step S8 below; S7. The design of the auxiliary lashing and fixing of the car inside the fixed car device: The auxiliary fixing parts are fixed by flexible lashing belts near the stored car cargo; S8. Complete the planning of the car fixation system inside the fixed car device according to the above steps S4 to S7, and recheck the safety assessment of the device according to the above step S3, determine the specific dimensions and materials of all components, and draw the design parking space line marks on the ground inside the device to complete the planning.

2. The planning method for realizing automobile transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that The reserved redundant angle ε for safety fixation is 5 degrees.

3. The planning method for realizing automobile transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height calculation formula in step S2 is simplified to: H = H d .

4. The planning method for realizing the transportation of automobiles by transforming a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, a preset spacing increasing system is provided in the ship's cargo hold, and H = H c + H d + H e + δ h - h, where h is the maximum adjustable height value of the height increasing system.

5. The planning method for realizing car transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a special device according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S6, a hidden airbag is added to the bottom of the fixed car device. When the inclination angle of the ship exceeds the static friction self-locking angle α obtained according to step S5, the airbag is triggered to release, and the airbag pops out downward to the lower layer. This airbag adds a pressure P perpendicular to the car on the top of the car, and the calculation formula is: P = M * g * sin(π * γ / 180) / cos(π * α / 180), where the unit of P is kN, and M in the formula is the maximum original mass of the car to be fixed.

6. The planning method for realizing automobile transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, n is 3.

7. The planning method for realizing automobile transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The car is a small car.

8. The planning method for realizing the transportation of automobiles by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the information determined according to the situation of the ship's suitability for loading cars includes the external dimensions, weight center of gravity of the car, and the corresponding various wheel load spacings and ground contact areas; determine the general layout of the container ship for transporting containers, including the number and distribution layout of containers and the external dimension information of the 20-foot and 40-foot containers for design; In step S1, determine the horizontal plane dimensions of the fixed vehicle device. The specific dimensions are: the longitudinal length is A meters and the transverse width is B meters; in the hull coordinate system, A = 12.192 + δ l , B = 2.438 * n + δ b ; where n is the number of equivalent containers in the ship width direction, taking natural numbers less than 5; δ b is the container spacing in the ship width direction, with a value less than 0.3 meters; δ l is the tolerance of the cabin length in the ship length direction, with a value less than 0.4 meters.

9. The planning method for realizing the transportation of automobiles by transforming a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific determination method for determining the outer shape height dimension in step S2: According to the height H of the adaptable vehicle c , the bottom structure height H of each layer of modular fixing devices d , and the positive clearance H between the stacks of each layer of devices e , determine that the height of the fixed vehicle carrier device is H, H = H c + H d + H e + δ h , where H c has a value range of 1.3 to 2.5 meters, H d has a value range of 0.3 to 1.2 meters, H e has a value range not exceeding 0.3 meters, and δ h is the maximum allowable value of the relative deformation of the bottom layer of the fixed vehicle carrier device, and the value does not exceed 0.1 meter.

10. The planning method for realizing automobile transportation by reconstructing a container ship based on a dedicated device according to claim 1, wherein The auxiliary lashing fixing limit design in step S7 refers to the international standard ISO 9367, lashing and fixing devices for road vehicles for sea transport of roll-on / roll-off vessels. When calculating the fixing force of the vehicle, the actual mass M of the vehicle needs to be corrected by taking into account the influence of the friction force in step S5, that is, the design fixing force of the vehicle in the fixing device is calculated according to the ISO 9367 standard, and the original mass M of the vehicle to be tied and fixed in the relevant calculation formula is replaced by the value M a Replacement, M a The formulas are as follows: When the auxiliary friction limit design measures in step S6 above are taken, M a =M*tan(γ-α p ), where γ and α p The values ​​are detailed in steps S5 and S6 above. When there is no auxiliary friction limit design measure in step S6 above, M a =M*tan(γ).

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