A diamond spectrometer diagnostic system and method in a tokamak device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a diamond spectrometer diagnostic system and method in a tokamak device. The diagnostic system is composed of functional modules such as a diamond detector diagnostic window structure device, a detector front-end signal conditioning functional module, a detector high-speed data acquisition and processing functional module, and a human-computer interaction interface of the diagnostic system. The detector diagnostic window structure device meets the design requirements of the diagnostic window of the tokamak device through a specific mechanical structure and insulating and sealing components. The detector front-end signal conditioning functional module conditions the high-voltage drive signal required by the detector and the detector output induction signal. The detector high-speed data acquisition and processing functional module performs high-speed acquisition and processing on the conditioned signal and sends the results to the system host computer for storage, display, etc. The present invention provides a feasible diagnostic system and method for the energy spectrum measurement and analysis of neutral particle radiation and related physical experimental research during the discharge process of the tokamak fusion device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tokamak device diagnosis, and particularly relates to a diamond spectrometer diagnosis system and method in a tokamak device. Background Technique

[0002] In the experimental research of controlled nuclear fusion, the EAST tokamak device is one of the typical fully superconducting tokamak magnetic confinement devices. During the magnetic confinement discharge process of the EAST tokamak device, neutral particles will be generated in the plasma. Since neutral particles are not restricted by the magnetic field and are easy to escape outward, by diagnosing and measuring neutral particles, scientific researchers can not only obtain relevant information on plasma fusion nuclear reactions and radiation protection, but also be used for relevant physical experimental research such as fast ion transport, instabilities excited by high-energy particles, and various auxiliary heating mechanisms and the ion temperature and its distribution of the plasma. Therefore, in the complex environment of the tokamak device discharge experiment, it is of great significance to accurately, quickly, and stably measure the energy spectrum of neutral particles.

[0003] In order to meet the requirements of accurately, quickly, and stably measuring the energy spectrum of neutral particles in the complex discharge environment of a tokamak device with high temperature, strong irradiation, and fast time response, it is crucial to select a suitable detector. Looking at the development process of common nuclear radiation detectors, generally speaking, semiconductor detectors are superior to early scintillation detectors, and scintillation detectors are superior to even earlier gas detectors. However, compared with general semiconductor detectors, the diamond detectors that have emerged in recent years have more obvious advantages in performance: First, the bandgap width of diamond is 5.5 eV, and the bandgap width of silicon is 1.12 eV, about one-fifth of that of diamond. Due to the large bandgap width of diamond, diamond detectors can work stably in a high-temperature environment of 650 °C. The influence of the bandgap width on the performance of semiconductor devices directly determines the breakdown voltage and the maximum operating temperature of the device. Second, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and charge response, diamond has an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and an extremely fast charge response time. Due to the extremely high resistivity of pure diamond, the concentration of its intrinsic carriers is very low, resulting in the dark current of its detector being negligible. For a 500-μm diamond thin-film detector, under an externally applied high voltage of 1000 V, its dark current is about 30 - 40 pA / cm 2; Diamond has high electron mobility and hole mobility. The charge collection time of diamond is 4 times faster than that of silicon, greatly improving the detection sensitivity of diamond detectors in pulsed radiation. Third, in terms of radiation resistance and stability, diamond has a strong ability to resist neutron radiation and high stability. The binding energy of the diamond SP3 hybrid C-C bond is very high, and the lattice is firmly bound, resulting in its strong thermal radiation ability. Even under high-dose high-energy particle irradiation, its lattice adaptation is very small, and the neutron sharpening cross-section of diamond is 25 times smaller than that of silicon. Therefore, diamond detectors have a strong ability to resist neutron radiation. Under strong irradiation, diamond detectors maintain high radiation resistance performance, and the noise current does not increase with the increase of radiation. In high-energy physics experiments such as nuclear fusion and accelerators, due to the low atomic number of diamond, the high-energy cascade process and multiple scattering effects are reduced, and the radiation damage is relatively low. Therefore, diamond detectors maintain better stability in a strongly irradiated environment.

[0004] From the comparison of the performance of diamond and general semiconductors above, it can be seen that diamond detectors have the advantages of high temperature resistance, low noise, fast time response, and high stability under strong neutron irradiation. Combined with the special requirements of the discharge process and environment of the tokamak device, therefore, using diamond thin film detectors as detectors for neutral particle energy spectrum measurement is a better choice. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a diamond spectrometer diagnostic system and method in a tokamak device, which can collect, store, display, etc. the energy spectrum data of neutral particles that appear during the plasma discharge process in the complex environment of the tokamak device discharge; since this diagnostic system provides an effective diagnostic system window structure design and energy spectrum data measurement method, on the one hand, it can provide a reference for the diagnostic system window structure design of the tokamak fusion device, and on the other hand, the energy spectrum measurement and analysis of this system for neutral particle radiation can provide strong support for related physical experimental research.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device includes a diamond detector window structure device, a detector front-end signal conditioning function module, a detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module, and a human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system;

[0008] The diamond detector window structure device is composed of a flange ch1 with a collimation hole and a flange ch2, which are respectively embedded and installed at one end of a collimator ch1 and a collimator ch2, ensuring that a certain amount of neutral particles enter both the collimator ch1 and the collimator ch2. At the same time, at the other ends inside the collimator ch1 and the collimator ch2, a mechanical buckle ch1 and a mechanical buckle ch2 are respectively used to fix the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2, and ensure that the centers of the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 correspond one by one to the centers of the collimation holes in the flange ch1 and the flange ch2. The mechanical buckles ch1 and ch2 not only realize the fixation of the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 but also serve as electrodes of the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 for signal transmission, and are respectively mechanically and electrically connected to a two-way BNC connector ch1 and a two-way BNC connector ch2; the vacuum sealing flange is used to mechanically connect the system diagnostic window to the tokamak device; outside the two-way BNC connector ch1 and the two-way BNC connector ch2, insulating tubes ch1 and insulating tubes ch2 are respectively assembled, and they are respectively fixed on the vacuum sealing flange through perforations. With the insulation characteristics of the insulating tubes ch1 and insulating tubes ch2, the insulation problem between signal transmission and the vacuum sealing flange is solved, ensuring stable signal transmission;

[0009] The detector front-end signal conditioning function module is composed of a detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1 and a detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2;

[0010] The detector data high-speed acquisition and processing function module is composed of a multi-functional PXI chassis, a high-voltage drive output, and a multi-channel data analysis card;

[0011] The human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system is composed of an IPC-610L industrial computer and a human-computer interaction interface, realizing the functions of real-time display, storage, and playback of neutral particle energy spectrum data.

[0012] Furthermore, the mechanical structures of the mechanical buckles ch1 and ch2 are the same. One end is a circular metal buckle, and the other end is a buckle composed of a metal cylinder and a spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the diamond detector front-end signal conditioning function module provides a 350V bias high voltage for the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 through the two-way BNC connector ch1 and the two-way BNC connector ch2. At the same time, using a blocking capacitor with a withstand voltage of up to 3000V, the high-voltage component in the detector output signal mixed with the high-voltage DC component is isolated, and the effective signal after isolation is subjected to signal conditioning with functions of inversion and amplification.

[0014] Further, the high-voltage drive output provides a high-voltage drive source for the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2. The multi-channel data analysis card collects and processes the signals conditioned by the detector front-end signal conditioning function module, combines the processing of peak searching and counting, and transmits the processed energy spectrum data of neutral particles to the host computer through the Gigabit Ethernet interface.

[0015] Further, the IPC-610L industrial computer serves as the controller of the host computer, and the human-machine interface (20) is developed using the LABVIEW language.

[0016] Further, the vacuum-sealed flange assembles the two detector channels of the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2. The collimation apertures in the flanges ch1 and ch2 in the two detector channels are 3 mm. The diameters of the flanges ch1 and ch2 are 24 mm. The inner diameters of the collimators ch1 and ch2 use M18 threads. After internal assembly, the upper surfaces of the diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 are 50 mm away from the outer assembly surfaces of the flanges ch1 and ch2.

[0017] The present invention also provides a diagnostic method for the diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device, including the following steps:

[0018] Step (1), realization of the diamond detector window structure device: The diamond detector ch1 and the diamond detector ch2 are respectively covered by the flanges ch1, ch2 and the collimators ch1, ch2. By using the collimation holes on the flanges ch1, ch2, it is ensured that a limited number of neutral particles pass through the collimation holes and enter the collimators ch1, ch2 respectively, and are radiated onto the diamond detectors ch1, ch2 fixed by the mechanical fasteners ch1, ch2. The diamond detectors ch1, ch2 respectively output the induced current formed by particle radiation while obtaining a 350V bias voltage through the two-way BNC connectors ch1, ch2. The signals are transmitted through the two-way BNC connectors ch1, ch2 to the input ends of the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1 and the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2 outside the vacuum-sealed flange; the outer layers of the two-way BNC connectors ch1, ch2 are respectively isolated by the insulating tubes ch1, ch2 to achieve signal insulation when the signals pass through the vacuum-sealed flange;

[0019] Step (2): The detector front-end signal conditioning function module applies the high-voltage drive signal source provided by the multifunctional PXI chassis to the input circuits of the bias voltages of diamond detector ch1 and diamond detector ch2 as the high-voltage bias inputs for diamond detector ch1 and diamond detector ch2 to ensure their normal operation. When diamond detector ch1 and diamond detector ch2 receive neutral particle radiation, under the drive of the high-voltage bias, the induced charges are conditioned by the conditioning circuit and then the signals are transmitted to the input ends of the multi-channel data analysis card inside the multifunctional PXI chassis.

[0020] Step (3): The detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module uses the FPGA of model XC7K325T as the core controller of the multi-channel data analysis card. By programming the logic drive function inside the FPGA, it controls the AD9269 analog-to-digital conversion module to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signals output by detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1 and detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2 respectively, and conducts data processing on the converted signals using relevant algorithms inside the FPGA. Then, using the IP controller of Gigabit Ethernet, it sends the processed energy spectrum data to the host computer in real time.

[0021] Step (4): The human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system is programmed in LABVIEW language. Based on the Ethernet communication protocol, it configures relevant acquisition and storage parameters for the diagnostic system through the human-computer interface, and realizes the functions of storing, displaying, and playing back the energy spectrum data of neutral particle radiation collected and processed by the lower computer.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention utilizes the advantages that diamond detectors can operate in high-temperature and strong irradiation environments, and can maintain stable performance and fast time response, meeting the complex environmental characteristics of the experimental discharges of tokamak devices, and provides a diagnostic system device and method for measuring the energy spectrum of neutral particles in a tokamak device. The present invention has been successfully applied to the energy spectrum measurement of neutral particles and related physical experimental research on the EAST tokamak device. The system can achieve a resolution of up to 5% @ 5.5 MeV and a time response of up to 1 μs for the measurement of the energy spectrum of neutral particles. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device described in the present invention.

[0024] Wherein: 1 - flange ch1, 2 - flange ch2, 3 - collimator ch1, 4 - collimator ch2, 5 - mechanical buckle ch1, 6 - diamond detector ch1, 7 - mechanical buckle ch2, 8 - diamond detector ch2, 9 - vacuum sealing flange, 10 - insulating tube ch1, 11 - two-way BNC connector ch1, 12 - insulating tube ch2, 13 - two-way BNC connector ch2, 14 - detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1, 15 - detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2, 16 - multi-functional PXI chassis, 17 - high-voltage drive output, 18 - multi-channel data analysis card, 19 - IPC-610L industrial control computer, 20 - human-machine interaction interface.

[0025] Figure 2 It is the mechanical design model diagram within the diagnostic window of the single-channel diamond spectrometer of the present invention.

[0026] Wherein: 31 - flange, 32 - collimation hole, 33 - collimator, 34 - upper-layer circular mechanical buckle, 35 - diamond thin-film detector, 36 - mechanical buckle composed of a lower-layer circular cylinder and a spring, 37 - two-way BNC connector. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, the diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in the tokamak device of the present invention includes four parts: a diamond detector window structure device, a detector front-end signal conditioning function module, a detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module, and a human-machine interaction function module of the diagnostic system.

[0029] The diamond detector window structure device includes flange ch11, flange ch22, collimator ch13, and collimator ch24, which are used to shield stray neutral particles; it includes mechanical fasteners ch15 and ch27, which are used for the mechanical fixation of the diamond detector and for applying a bias voltage as the electrodes of the diamond detector; it includes diamond detectors ch16 and ch28, which convert the obtained radiation energy spectrum information of neutral particles into corresponding charge outputs; it includes a vacuum sealing flange 9, insulating tubes ch110 and ch212, bidirectional BNC connectors ch111 and ch213, which are used for the sealing of the diagnostic window, the insulation between the signal and the device, and the effective transmission of the signal. The flanges ch11 and ch22 with collimation holes are respectively embedded and installed at one end of the collimators ch13 and ch24. A certain amount of neutral particles can enter the collimators ch13 and ch24. At the other end inside the collimators ch13 and ch24, the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 are respectively fixed by the mechanical fasteners ch15 and ch27, and it is ensured that the centers of the diamond detectors correspond one by one with the centers of the collimation holes in the flanges. The mechanical structures of the mechanical fasteners ch15 and ch27 are the same. They are both composed of 2 components. One end is a circular metal fastener, and the other end is a fastener composed of a metal cylinder and a spring. In addition to fixing the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28, they also serve as the electrodes of the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 for signal transmission. The connectors for output signals are made into the sockets of BNC connectors, which respectively achieve mechanical and electrical connections with the bidirectional BNC connectors ch111 and ch213; the vacuum sealing flange 9 is used to mechanically connect the diagnostic window of this system with the tokamak device; by respectively assembling the insulating tubes ch110 and ch212 outside the bidirectional BNC connectors ch111 and ch213, and fixing them to the vacuum sealing flange 9 through perforations respectively, with the help of the insulation characteristics of the insulating tubes ch110 and ch212, the insulation problem between the signal transmission and the vacuum sealing flange 9 is solved, and the stable output of the signal is ensured.

[0030] The diagnostic window in the said diagnostic system is the position fixedly and mechanically connected to the Tokamak device through a vacuum sealing flange 9. On the vacuum sealing flange 9, there are assembled the detector channels of two detectors, namely the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28. The collimation apertures in the flanges ch11 and ch22 in each detector channel are 3 mm, the diameters of the flanges ch11 and ch22 are 24 mm, the inner diameters of the collimators ch13 and ch24 adopt M18 threads. After internal assembly, the distance between the upper surfaces of the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28 and the outer assembled surfaces of the flanges ch11 and ch22 is 50 mm.

[0031] The detector front-end signal conditioning function module consists of the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch114 and the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch215, which respectively provide high-voltage drive input for the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28 and use high-voltage DC-blocking capacitors that can withstand 3000 V to filter out the DC components in the output signals of the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28, and then preliminarily condition and amplify the neutron and neutral particle energy spectrum signals output by the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28 for output.

[0032] The detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module consists of a multi-functional PXI chassis 16, a high-voltage drive output 17, and a multi-channel data analysis card 18. Among them, the multi-functional PXI chassis 16 provides basic chassis slots, mechanical protection, and power supply for the high-voltage drive output 17 and the multi-channel data analysis card 18. The high-voltage drive output 17 provides a 350 V high-voltage signal source for the diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28. The multi-channel data analysis card 18 will collect and process the signals output by the detector front-end signal conditioning module in real time, with a sampling rate of up to 20 MHz / s. After processing with certain algorithms such as peak searching and counting, the processed energy spectrum data of neutral particles will be transmitted to the host computer through a gigabit Ethernet interface.

[0033] The human-computer interaction function module of the said diagnostic system consists of an IPC-610L industrial computer 19 and a human-computer interaction interface 20. The IPC-610L industrial computer 19 serves as the controller of the host computer. The human-computer interaction interface 20 is developed using the LABVIEW language and provides basic functions such as parameter configuration, data display, storage, and data playback for this diagnostic system.

[0034] Such as Figure 2As shown in the figure, it is a mechanical design model inside the diagnostic window of a single-channel diamond spectrometer. Specifically, the flange 31 with a collimating hole 32 is embedded and connected to one end of the collimator 33 through threads. At the other end of the collimator 33, the combined clamping position of the upper circular mechanical buckle 34 and the mechanical buckle 36 composed of the lower circular cylinder and the spring is installed through threads, realizing the mechanical fixation and electrical connection of the diamond thin-film detector 35. The signal transmission and mechanical connection of the single channel are specifically completed by the mechanical buckle 36 composed of the lower circular cylinder and the spring and the two-way BNC connector 37.

[0035] The diagnostic method of the diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in the Tokamak device of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1): Realization of the diamond detector window structure device: The diamond detector ch16 and the diamond detector ch28 are respectively covered by the flange ch11, the flange ch22 and the collimator ch13, the collimator ch24. By using the collimating holes on the flange ch11 and the flange ch22, it is ensured that a limited number of neutral particles pass through the collimating holes and enter the collimator ch13 and the collimator ch24, and are radiated onto the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 fixed by the mechanical buckles ch15 and ch27. The diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 respectively output the induced current formed by particle radiation while obtaining a 350V bias voltage through the two-way BNC connectors ch111 and ch213. The signals are transmitted to the input end of the detector front-end signal conditioning function module outside the vacuum sealing flange 9 through the two-way BNC connectors ch111 and ch213. The outer layers of the two-way BNC connectors ch111 and ch213 are isolated by the insulating tubes ch110 and ch212 respectively, realizing signal insulation when the signals pass through the vacuum sealing flange 9.

[0037] Step 2): The detector front-end signal conditioning function module adds the high-voltage drive signal source provided by the multifunctional PXI chassis 16 to the input circuit of the bias voltage of the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 as the high-voltage bias input of the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 to ensure their normal operation. When the diamond detectors ch16 and ch28 receive neutral particle radiation, under the drive of the high-voltage bias, the induced charges are conditioned by the conditioning circuit and the signals are transmitted to the input end of the multi-channel data analysis card 18 inside the multifunctional PXI chassis 16.

[0038] Step 3): The high-speed data acquisition and processing function module of the detector uses an FPGA of the XC7K325T model as the core controller of the multi-channel data analysis card 18. By writing logic driving functions inside the FPGA, it controls the AD9269 analog-to-digital conversion module to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signals output by the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch114 and the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch215 respectively. And it performs data processing of relevant algorithms on the converted signals inside the FPGA, and uses the IP controller of Gigabit Ethernet to send the processed energy spectrum data to the upper computer in real time.

[0039] Step 4): The human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system is programmed in LABVIEW language. Based on the Ethernet communication protocol, through the human-computer interaction interface 20, relevant parameters such as acquisition and storage of the diagnostic system can be configured, and functions such as storage, display, and playback of the energy spectrum data of neutral particle radiation obtained by the lower computer through acquisition and processing are realized.

[0040] In summary, by designing a reasonable mechanical device and combining the advantages of the diamond detector such as high temperature resistance, strong radiation resistance, and high stability, and by realizing the function modules in the above steps in an orderly manner, it can meet the energy spectrum measurement and analysis of neutral particles in the complex environment of the Tokamak device experimental discharge, providing strong support for relevant physical experimental research.

[0041] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device, characterized in that: It includes a diamond detector window structure device, a detector front-end signal conditioning function module, a detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module, a human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system, and a vacuum sealing flange (9); In the diamond detector window structure device, a flange ch1 (1) with a collimating hole and a flange ch2 (2) are respectively embedded and installed at one end of a collimator ch1 (3) and a collimator ch2 (4), ensuring that a certain amount of neutral particles enter the collimator ch1 (3) and the collimator ch2 (4) respectively. At the other ends of the collimator ch1 (3) and the collimator ch2 (4), a mechanical buckle ch1 (5) and a mechanical buckle ch2 (7) are respectively used to fix a diamond detector ch1 (6) and a diamond detector ch2 (8), and ensure that the centers of the diamond detector ch1 (6) and the diamond detector ch2 (8) correspond one by one to the centers of the collimating holes in the flange ch1 (1) and the flange ch2 (2). The mechanical buckles ch1 (5) and ch2 (7) not only fix the diamond detector ch1 (6) and the diamond detector ch2 (8) respectively, but also serve as electrodes of the diamond detector ch1 (6) and the diamond detector ch2 (8) for signal transmission, and are mechanically and electrically connected to a two-way BNC connector ch1 (11) and a two-way BNC connector ch2 (13) respectively; the vacuum sealing flange (9) is used to mechanically connect the diamond detector window structure device to the tokamak device; the outer sides of the two-way BNC connector ch1 (11) and the two-way BNC connector ch2 (13) are respectively equipped with insulating tubes ch1 (10) and insulating tubes ch2 (12), and they are fixed on the vacuum sealing flange (9) through perforations. With the insulating characteristics of the insulating tubes ch1 (10) and insulating tubes ch2 (12), the insulation problem between signal transmission and the vacuum sealing flange (9) is solved, ensuring stable signal transmission; The detector front-end signal conditioning function module consists of a detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1 (14) and a detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2 (15); The detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module consists of a multi-functional PXI chassis (16), a high-voltage drive output (17), and a multi-channel data analysis card (18); The human-computer interaction function module of the diagnostic system consists of an IPC-610L industrial computer (19) and a human-computer interaction interface (20), realizing the functions of real-time display, storage, and playback of neutral particle energy spectrum data.

2. The diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical structures of the mechanical buckles ch1 (5) and ch2 (7) are the same. One end is a circular metal buckle, and the other end is a buckle composed of a metal cylinder and a spring.

3. The diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-end signal conditioning function module of the diamond detector provides a bias high voltage of 350V for the diamond detector ch1(6) and the diamond detector ch2(8) through the bidirectional BNC connector ch1(11) and the bidirectional BNC connector ch2(13) respectively. At the same time, a DC-blocking capacitor with a withstand voltage of up to 3000V is used to isolate the high-voltage component in the detector output signal mixed with the high-voltage DC component, and signal conditioning functions such as inversion and amplification are performed on the isolated effective signal.

4. The diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage drive output (17) provides a high-voltage drive source for the diamond detector ch1(6) and the diamond detector ch2(8). The multi-channel data analysis card (18) performs high-speed acquisition on the signals conditioned by the front-end signal conditioning function module of the detector, and combines analysis and processing related to peak searching and counting, and transmits the processed energy spectrum data of neutral particles to the host computer through the gigabit Ethernet interface.

5. The diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The IPC-610L industrial computer (19) serves as the controller of the host computer, and the human-machine interface (20) is developed using the LABVIEW language.

6. The diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum sealing flange (9) assembles the two detector channels of the diamond detector ch1(6) and the diamond detector ch2(8). The collimation aperture in the flange ch1(1) and the flange ch2(2) in each detector channel is 3mm. The diameters of the flange ch1(1) and the flange ch2(2) are 24mm. The inner diameters of the collimators ch1(3) and ch2(4) use M18 threads. After internal assembly, the upper surfaces of the diamond detector ch1(6) and the diamond detector ch2(8) are 50mm away from the outer surfaces of the assembly of the flange ch1(1) and the flange ch2(2).

7. The diagnostic method of the diamond spectrometer diagnostic system in a tokamak device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step (1), realization of the diamond detector window structure device: The diamond detector ch1(6) and diamond detector ch2(8) are respectively covered by flange ch1(1), flange ch2(2), collimator ch1(3) and collimator ch2(4). By using the collimation holes on flange ch1(1) and flange ch2(2), it is ensured that a limited number of neutral particles pass through the collimation holes and enter the collimator ch1(3) and collimator ch2(4), and are radiated to the diamond detector ch1(6) fixed by mechanical buckle ch1(5) and diamond detector ch2(8) fixed by mechanical buckle ch2(7). On the basis that the diamond detector ch1(6) and diamond detector ch2(8) respectively obtain a 350V bias voltage through the two-way BNC connector ch1(11) and two-way BNC connector ch2(13), the induced current formed by particle radiation is output at the same time. The signal is transmitted through the two-way BNC connector ch1(11) and two-way BNC connector ch2(13) to the input ends of the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1(14) and detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2(15) outside the vacuum sealing flange (9); The outer layers of the two-way BNC connector ch1(11) and two-way BNC connector ch2(13) are isolated by the insulating tube ch1(10) and insulating tube ch2(12) respectively to achieve signal insulation when the signal passes through the vacuum sealing flange (9). Step (2), the detector front-end signal conditioning function module adds the high-voltage drive signal source provided by the multifunctional PXI chassis (16) to the input circuit of the bias voltage of the diamond detector ch1(6) and diamond detector ch2(8) as the high-voltage bias input of the diamond detector ch1(6) and diamond detector ch2(8) to ensure its normal operation; When the diamond detector ch1(6) and diamond detector ch2(8) receive neutral particle radiation, under the drive of the high-voltage bias, the induced charge is conditioned by the conditioning circuit and the signal is transmitted to the input end of the multi-channel data analysis card (18) in the multifunctional PXI chassis (16). Step (3), the detector high-speed data acquisition and processing function module uses the FPGA of the XC7K325T model as the core controller of the multi-channel data analysis card (18). By writing logic drive functions inside the FPGA, it controls the AD9269 analog-to-digital conversion module to respectively perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signals output by the detector front-end signal conditioning module ch1(14) and detector front-end signal conditioning module ch2(15), and perform data processing of relevant algorithms on the converted signals inside the FPGA, and uses the IP controller of Gigabit Ethernet to real-time send the processed energy spectrum data to the upper computer. Step (4): The human-machine interaction function module of the diagnostic system is programmed in LABVIEW language. Based on the Ethernet communication protocol, relevant acquisition and storage parameter configurations of the diagnostic system are performed through the human-machine interface, and the energy spectrum data of neutral particle radiation obtained by the lower computer through acquisition and processing is stored, displayed, and the playback function is realized.

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