Design method of indoor fire-fighting map based on space cognition

Abstract

The application provides a design method of indoor fire-fighting map based on space cognition, and relates to the field of fire safety. The design method of indoor fire-fighting map based on space cognition specifically comprises the following steps: S1. BIM model building, S2. GIS data integration, S3. expression of indoor space division, S4. expression of fire-fighting thematic elements, S5. design of fire-fighting map, S6. planning of evacuation route, S7. construction of auxiliary management system, S8. simulation of fire simulation experiment, and S9. development of emergency disposal plan. Through semantic extraction and geometric conversion of the BIM model into the 3DTiles data format of the three-dimensional GIS conforming to the OGC standard, the data of the BIM is completely integrated through database establishment of data mapping, the strength of model rendering is greatly reduced, the stability of data is improved, and through the different map elements designed according to the attribute characteristics, the evacuation of the fire-fighting personnel for indoor rescue operation is provided with effective dynamic routes, and the life safety of the personnel is greatly ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fire safety, in particular to a design method of indoor fire map based on space cognition. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, large-scale urban complexes, TOD communities and other large-scale and complex internal structure buildings have emerged. These buildings have diverse structures, complex functions, novel materials, many fire setting points, large total amount, complex fire safety channel topology, which brings new challenges to fire personnel rescue and evacuation in case of fire. Therefore, a design method of indoor fire map is needed.

[0003] The existing indoor fire map model has a large rendering task and information is easy to lose. Therefore, the design method of indoor fire map based on space cognition is proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems solved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a design method of indoor fire map based on space cognition, which solves the problems of large model rendering task, difficult loading and easy data loss.

[0006] (II) Technical solutions

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions: the design method of indoor fire map based on space cognition, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. BIM model building

[0009] Through field investigation and collection of CAD drawings, the specific situation of the test area is actually understood, the BIM model is established, and the necessary parts are selected for the simplest construction, and the simplest scale is achieved as much as possible. According to the research requirements, necessary family components are added, and the texture mapping is also as simple as possible. The BIM model is obtained;

[0010] S2. GIS data integration

[0011] The BIM model described in S1 is exported using IFC data format and analyzed to obtain standard format IFC, the geometric semantics is simplified by text semantic analysis and unnecessary attribute information is deleted, the key text features and spatial information features of the simplified text are screened out in combination with existing standards, and finally the mixed model tile metadata is designed according to the self-defined visualization rendering rules, the building metadata in the scene is spatially nested by using the extensible characteristics of the metadata, so as to realize the spatial reasonable organization of the mixed model tiles at each level, and finally obtain the mixed model 3DTiles;

[0012] S3. Express indoor space division

[0013] By analyzing the shape of the indoor main channel, the main indoor channel and the exit position are highlighted using obvious linear symbols and arrows, and different indoor spaces with different risk levels are represented using different bottom background colors. Light red can be used to represent a slightly dangerous indoor space, pink to represent a significantly dangerous space, dark red to represent a highly dangerous space, and bright red to represent an extremely dangerous space. For indoor space division based on passable conditions, different linear boundaries can be used to express them. Solid line boundaries are used to express non-passable areas, dashed line boundaries are used to express passable areas, and background color lines are used to represent the boundary lines of directly passable areas.

[0014] S4. Express fire special topic elements

[0015] Based on indoor building information, the fire special topic elements are highlighted, and the fire hydrants, evacuation indicators and other fire special topic elements are highlighted by color and special symbols. A special fire rescue emergency special symbol library is designed.

[0016] S5. Design fire map

[0017] The position information of each element is extracted by text analysis of the standard format IFC described in S2, and the reasonable position information is calculated by coordinate transformation. The indoor map conforming to the OGC standard is drawn by SVG format. At the same time, the space division, fire special topics and dynamic points in S3 and S4 are designed with spatial and attribute features, and the fire rescue map is obtained.

[0018] S6. Plan evacuation route

[0019] An optimal evacuation route dynamic programming method considering fire environment evolution is designed based on the A* algorithm. A node data set of a planning path closest to an emergency evacuation exit from a current position of a rescuer is calculated. Then, a floor where the node data set is located is analyzed. It is determined whether the node is in the same floor. If not, the planning path of the current floor is displayed preferentially. The planning path is ended at a floor connecting node such as a staircase, an elevator, and an escalator. The evacuation exit floor is started at the corresponding floor connecting node to draw the planning path, and an evacuation route is obtained.

[0020] S7. Constructing an auxiliary management system

[0021] According to the BIM model in S1 and the fire rescue map in S5, an organic integration is performed. A complete fire-oriented indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system is developed. A building parameterization interface is configured in the system to obtain an indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system.

[0022] S8. Simulating a fire simulation experiment

[0023] In the indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system in S7, a virtual sudden fire event is taken as an example to develop a simulation experiment under various conditions. An operation result is obtained.

[0024] S9. Formulating an emergency disposal plan

[0025] According to the operation result in S8, an optimal escape path in a building and an optimal rescue resource configuration scheme are determined. An emergency disposal plan under different conditions is formulated.

[0026] Preferably, in S2, for key geometric information, existing research on integration of IFC and GIS is analyzed. CityGML is taken as a transfer structure. Finally, a relatively appropriate tile data format 3DTiles of the present research is obtained as an integration container of BIM and GIS through an existing CityGML-to-3DTiles conversion program.

[0027] Preferably, the map elements in S5 include three parts of basic elements, thematic elements, and dynamic elements. The basic elements include spatial structure units, public service facilities, corridors, doors, entrances, and passing road networks in a building. The thematic elements include safety exits, evacuation staircases, fire elevators, fire pump rooms, fire water tanks, fire pools, indoor fire hydrants, fire doors, evacuation routes, refuge floors, fire control rooms, and fire partitions. The dynamic elements include fire points and obstacles.

[0028] Preferably, in S5, after the IFC extraction is completed, position, geometric shape, and topological relationship information of the data are needed.

[0029] Preferably, the attribute features in S5 include quality features and quantity features of the elements, wherein the quality features include types, names, numbers and the like of the map elements, and the quantity features include sizes, flows, speeds, bearing capacities and the like of the map elements, which are all constructed into data tables and stored in the database.

[0030] Preferably, the building parameterization interface in S7 is a two-three-dimensional intercommunication visualization constructed by the BIM model in S1 and the fire rescue map in S5.

[0031] Preferably, in S6, according to the established building internal space database model, a mathematical morphology-based image thinning and image feature point extraction algorithm is used to generate a planar path map related to each floor, then adjacent floor path maps are connected to each other in the vertical direction through stair nodes to establish a complete vector indoor map of the building, and a path leading to a window node should also be provided according to the ladder height and the openness of the building outside for low floors.

[0032] (Three) beneficial effects

[0033] The application provides a design method of an indoor fire-fighting map based on spatial cognition.

[0034] 1. The application provides a design method of an indoor fire-fighting map based on spatial cognition, which converts a BIM model into a 3DTiles data format of three-dimensional GIS conforming to an OGC standard through semantic extraction and geometric conversion, and guarantees complete integration of data of the BIM through database establishment of data mapping, thereby avoiding loading difficulties and data loss.

[0035] 2. The application provides a design method of an indoor fire-fighting map based on spatial cognition, which designs different map elements through attribute features, cooperates with cognitive characteristics of fire fighters, and plans and designs an indoor fire-fighting electronic map, which can provide effective dynamic routes for fire fighters to evacuate in indoor rescue operations, greatly guarantees the safety of personnel and makes a certain contribution to fire rescue.

[0036] 3. The application provides a design method of an indoor fire-fighting map based on spatial cognition, which integrates BIM technology with GIS technology, simulation and other information technologies and applies them to building fire safety management, realizes information management of building fire safety, enhances the ability of people to cope with fires, and improves the level of building fire safety management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a design flowchart of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the emergency evacuation route planning process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example:

[0041] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a design flowchart of the present invention, including BIM, interior space characteristics, and map reading environment. BIM is connected to model data outputting the IFC standard and the building 3D model. The model data outputting the IFC standard is connected to geometric model shape simplification and geometric model parametric expression as well as IFC semantic data. IFC semantic data is connected to information storage. Information storage is connected to target-driven information deletion. Target-driven information deletion, geometric model shape simplification, and geometric model parametric expression are connected to the lightweight model. The lightweight model includes semantic attribute information, material information, and scanned and solid geometric expressions in IFC. Semantic attribute information is connected to the target attribute database. Material information and scanned and solid geometric expressions in IFC are connected to CityGML standard format data. The target attribute database and CityGML standard format data are connected to 3DTiles standard format data.

[0042] The characteristics of indoor space are connected to the map reading environment through the analysis of indoor spatial cognitive characteristics. The analysis of indoor spatial cognitive characteristics is connected to the design principles of fire and rescue maps, the selection and classification of elements of indoor fire and rescue maps, symbol design, and the expression methods of indoor map elements. Finally, the expression methods of indoor map elements are connected to the results of indoor rescue fire map, which include fire and rescue maps.

[0043] The 3D building model is connected to indoor sensors, the fire rescue map is connected to a 2D map module, the indoor sensors and the 2D map module are connected to an A* algorithm module, the A* algorithm module is connected to an evacuation path generator, the evacuation path generator is connected to the fire rescue map and the 3D building model, and the fire rescue map and the 3D building model are connected to enable 2D / 3D linkage and visualization.

[0044] The embodiment of the application provides a design method of an indoor fire-fighting map based on space cognition, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1.BIM model building

[0046] Through field investigation and collection of CAD drawings, the specific conditions of the test area are actually understood, a BIM model is established, and necessary parts are selected for the most simplified construction, so that the most simplified scale is achieved as much as possible, necessary family components are added according to the research requirements, meanwhile, the texture mapping also reaches the most simplified scale as much as possible, the size of the model is compressed as much as possible through the above operations, so as to prepare for subsequent visualization, and a BIM model is obtained;

[0047] S2.GIS data integration

[0048] The BIM model in S1 is exported in an IFC data format and analyzed to obtain a standard format IFC, the geometric semantics is simplified through text semantic analysis, unnecessary attribute information is deleted, the key text features and spatial information features of the simplified text are screened out in combination with existing standards, finally, the mixed model tile metadata is designed according to the self-defined visualization rendering rules, the building metadata in the scene is spatially nested by using the extensible characteristics of the metadata, so that the space of the mixed model is reasonably organized, and finally, a mixed model 3DTiles is obtained;

[0049] S3.Expression of indoor space division

[0050] Through analysis of the shape of the indoor main passage, obvious linear symbols and arrows are used to highlight the indoor main passage and exit position, different bottom lining colors are used to represent indoor spaces of different hazard levels, light red is used to represent a slightly dangerous indoor space, pink is used to represent a significantly dangerous space, dark red is used to represent a highly dangerous space, and bright red is used to represent an extremely dangerous space, for indoor space division based on passable conditions, different linear boundaries can be used for expression, solid line boundaries are used to represent impassable areas, dashed line boundaries are used to represent passable areas, and the boundaries of directly passable areas are represented by lines of background color;

[0051] S4.Expression of fire-fighting special elements

[0052] Based on indoor building information, fire-fighting special elements are highlighted, fire hydrants, evacuation indicators and other fire-fighting special elements are highlighted through color and special symbols, and a special fire-fighting rescue emergency symbol library is designed to meet the rapid cognitive needs of fire-fighting rescue personnel;

[0053] S5.Design of fire-fighting map

[0054] The position information of each element is extracted by text analysis of the standard format IFC in S2, and the reasonable position information is calculated by coordinate transformation. The SVG format is drawn to meet the OGC standard indoor map. At the same time, the space division in S3 and S4 and the map elements of fire special topics and dynamic points all have spatial and attribute characteristics. In the design of fire rescue map, all the design and application of symbols and colors should highlight the key points of efficient and rapid decision-making service for fire rescue personnel. Finally, the fire rescue map is obtained.

[0055] S6. Planning evacuation route

[0056] The specific process is shown in Figure 2 The input user position information is connected to calculate the travel time of each section. The travel time of each section is connected to whether it is a road network node. The non-network node is connected to search the nearest node on the line. The search nearest node on the line is connected to the road section safety. The road section is not safe and is connected to set the obstacle point. The road section is safe and is connected to join the route set. The obstacle point is connected to the use of Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path. The use of Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path is connected to get the planning path node set. The planning path node set is connected to whether the node is in the same floor. The node is in the same floor and is connected to the user floor path display. The node is not in the same floor and is connected to the hierarchical display. Finally, the emergency evacuation path planning process is ended.

[0057] Based on A* algorithm, the optimal evacuation route dynamic planning method considering fire environment evolution is designed. The node data set of the nearest planning path from the current location of the rescuer to the emergency evacuation exit is calculated. Then the floor where the node data set is located is analyzed. If the nodes are not in the same floor, the planning path of the current floor is displayed first. The stair, elevator and escalator floor connecting nodes are the end points, and the evacuation exit floor is the starting point of the planning path, which is drawn to get the evacuation route.

[0058] S7. Construction of auxiliary management system

[0059] According to S1 BIM model and S5 fire rescue map, an organic integration is carried out, and a complete function of fire indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system is developed. The building parameter interface is configured to get the indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system, which can help people understand their own position and surrounding environment, face the emergency without returning to the original road, from the crowd and retreat, etc. It is beneficial to enhance the self-rescue ability, so as to reduce the personnel casualty and economic loss.

[0060] S8. Simulation of fire simulation experiment

[0061] In S7, the indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system is used to carry out simulation tests under various conditions with virtual sudden fire events as an example, and the operation results are obtained;

[0062] S9. Formulate emergency disposal plans

[0063] According to the operation results in S8, the optimal escape path in the building and the optimal allocation scheme of rescue resources are determined, and emergency disposal plans under different conditions are formulated to provide auxiliary decision support for decision makers under similar conditions.

[0064] In S2, for key geometric information, existing research on integrating IFC and GIS is analyzed, CityGML is used as a transfer structure, and finally a more appropriate tile data format 3DTiles is obtained as the integration container of BIM and GIS through the existing CityGML-to-3DTiles conversion program. In S5, the map elements include basic elements, thematic elements, and dynamic elements. The basic elements include spatial structure units within buildings, public service facilities, corridors, doors, exits, and traffic networks. The thematic elements include safety exits, evacuation stairs, fire elevators, fire pump rooms, fire water tanks, fire water pools, indoor fire hydrants, fire doors, evacuation routes, refuge floors, fire control rooms, and fire compartments. The dynamic elements include fire points and obstacles.

[0065] In S5, the data extracted from IFC also needs information about its location, geometric shape, and topological relationship. In S5, the attribute characteristics include the quality characteristics and quantity characteristics of the elements. The quality characteristics include the type, name, and number of the map elements, and the quantity characteristics include the size, flow, speed, and carrying capacity of the map elements. All of these are stored in the database in the form of data tables. In S7, the parametric interface of the building is used to build a two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization that connects the BIM model in S1 and the fire rescue map in S5. In S6, based on the established building interior space database model, the planar path map related to each floor is generated using the image thinning and image feature point extraction algorithm based on mathematical morphology. Then, the adjacent floor path maps are connected in the vertical direction through the stair nodes to establish a complete vector indoor map of the building. For lower floors, paths to the window nodes should also be provided according to the height of the ladder and the openness of the building outside. Based on the inherent characteristics of the building, such as building height, number of floors, room layout, and real-time situation of the fire, such as fire, temperature, and smoke density, and the location information of the escape personnel, the optimal path from the current location of the rescue personnel to the safe evacuation point is calculated to solve the best escape path.

[0066] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. BIM Model Building By conducting on-site surveys and collecting CAD drawings, we gained a practical understanding of the specific conditions of the test area, established a BIM model, and selected the necessary parts for the most simplified construction, achieving the simplest possible proportions. Then, we added necessary family components according to the research needs, while also ensuring that the texture mapping was as simplified as possible, thus obtaining the BIM model. S2.GIS Data Integration The BIM model described in S1 is exported and analyzed using the IFC data format to obtain the standard IFC format. By simplifying the geometric semantics through text semantic parsing and deleting unnecessary attribute information, the key textual characteristics and spatial information characteristics of the simplified text are selected in combination with existing standards. Finally, the metadata of the hybrid model tiles is designed according to the custom visualization rendering rules. The easy extensibility of metadata is used to spatially nest the building metadata in the scene, thereby realizing the reasonable spatial organization of the tiles at each level of the hybrid model, and finally obtaining the hybrid model 3DTiles. S3. Expressing the division of interior space By analyzing the shape of the main indoor passageway, the main passageway and exit locations are highlighted using clear linear symbols and arrows. Different background colors are used to represent indoor spaces of different hazard levels: light red for slightly hazardous spaces, pink for significantly hazardous spaces, dark red for highly hazardous spaces, and bright red for extremely hazardous spaces. For indoor space division based on accessibility, different linear boundaries can be used: solid boundaries represent impassable areas, dashed boundaries represent accessible areas, and lines in the background color represent the boundaries of directly accessible areas. S4. Expressing fire safety thematic elements Based on indoor building information, the system highlights fire safety elements, using colors and special symbols to emphasize fire hydrants, evacuation indicators, and other fire safety features. It also includes a dedicated library of fire rescue and emergency response symbols. S5. Design fire protection map By performing text analysis on the standard IFC format described in S2, the location information of each element is extracted, and its reasonable location information is calculated through coordinate transformation. The map is then drawn in SVG format to conform to the OGC standard. Meanwhile, the map elements of spatial division, fire-fighting topics, and dynamic points described in S3 and S4 are designed after they all have spatial and attribute characteristics, resulting in a fire rescue map. S6. Planning evacuation routes Based on the A* algorithm, an optimal evacuation route dynamic planning method is designed to consider the evolution of the fire environment. The method calculates the set of node data of the planned path that is closest to the emergency evacuation exit from the rescuer's current location. Then, it parses the floor where the node data set is located and determines whether the nodes are on the same floor. If they are not on the same floor, the planned path of the current floor is displayed first, with the floor connection nodes such as stairs, elevators, and escalators as the end point. The planned path of the evacuation exit floor is drawn starting from the corresponding floor connection node, thus obtaining the evacuation route. S7. Building an auxiliary management system Based on the BIM model described in S1 and the fire rescue map described in S5, a fully functional indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system for fire is developed holistically, and a building parameterization interface is configured in it to obtain the indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system. S8. Simulated Fire Experiment On the indoor emergency rescue auxiliary management system described in S7, simulation tests were conducted under various conditions using a virtual sudden fire event as an example to obtain operational results; S9. Develop emergency response plans Based on the operational results described in S8, determine the optimal escape route inside the building and the optimal allocation plan for rescue resources, and formulate emergency response plans under different conditions.

2. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, for key geometric information, existing studies on data integration between IFC and GIS are analyzed, CityGML is used as an intermediary structure, and finally, the more suitable tile data format 3DTiles for this study is obtained through the existing CityGML-to-3DTiles conversion program as an integration container for BIM and GIS.

3. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The map elements described in S5 consist of three parts: basic elements, thematic elements, and dynamic elements. The basic elements include spatial structural units within buildings, public service facilities, corridors, doors, entrances and exits, and access roads. Thematic elements include safety exits, evacuation staircases, fire elevators, fire pump rooms, fire water tanks, fire pools, indoor fire hydrants, fire doors, evacuation routes, refuge floors, fire control rooms, and fire compartments. Dynamic elements include ignition points and obstacles.

4. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, after the data is extracted from the IFC, its location, geometry, and topological relationship information are also required.

5. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attribute features described in S5 include the quality features and quantity features of the features. The quality features include the type, name, number, etc. of the map features, while the quantity features include the size, flow, speed, carrying capacity, etc. of the map features. All of these are constructed into data tables and stored in the database.

6. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The building parameterization interface described in S7 is a two-dimensional and three-dimensional interconnected visualization constructed by combining the BIM model described in S1 and the fire rescue map described in S5.

7. The method for designing indoor fire protection maps based on spatial cognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, based on the established building interior space database model, the floor plan of each floor is processed using image thinning and image feature point extraction algorithms based on mathematical morphology to generate a floor path map related to that floor. Then, the adjacent floor path maps are connected vertically through stair nodes to establish a complete vector indoor map of the building. Lower floors should also provide paths to window nodes based on the height of the ladder and the openness outside the building. Taking into full account the inherent characteristics of the building, such as building height, number of floors, room layout, real-time fire situation, such as fire intensity, temperature and smoke concentration, and the location information of escaping personnel, the optimal path from the current location of the rescue personnel to the location of the safe evacuation point is calculated, thus completing the solution for the best escape path.

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