Method for arranging linear photovoltaic arrays based on DEMs

Abstract

The application relates to a solar panel arrangement method based on DEM, in particular to a calculation method for optimizing solar panel array arrangement. The method comprises the following steps: extracting and curve function fitting calculation of a section of a middle axis in three-dimensional terrain panel arrangement, east-west direction panel arrangement angle calculation of a single photovoltaic panel, front panel arrangement calculation on the middle axis of the panel arrangement, rear panel arrangement calculation on the middle axis of the panel arrangement, support height comprehensive adjustment calculation, and south-north direction panel arrangement angle and spacing calculation of a single photovoltaic panel. According to the high-precision actual digital elevation model (DEM) of the photovoltaic site, the shadow shielding of the terrain, the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic panel caused by the change of the south-north and east-west sunlight is fully considered, so that the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme which is convenient for construction and maintenance and can maximize the economic benefits is arranged in the photovoltaic site.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar panel arrangement, and particularly to a calculation method for optimizing solar panel array arrangement. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing solar matrix arrangement is mainly based on the latitude of the photovoltaic site to be arranged, considering the overall north-south direction inclination of all photovoltaic panels on the entire photovoltaic site, and determining a north-south interval distance value of all photovoltaic panels on the entire photovoltaic site by calculating the shadow length of the photovoltaic panels in the north-south direction according to the north-south direction inclination of the photovoltaic panels.

[0003] The photovoltaic array design generally uses CAD and other related design software to design two-dimensional construction drawings, generally without considering the influence of the fine three-dimensional terrain of the photovoltaic site on the layout of the photovoltaic panels, and directly calculating the horizontal spacing between the panels, the vertical spacing between the panels, the horizontal inclination of the photovoltaic panels, the vertical inclination of the photovoltaic panels, and the limited height range of the photovoltaic panel support by experience or using a relatively simple formula. The photovoltaic panel layout construction drawings determined by such parameters generally need to be adjusted by the installation personnel according to the construction site conditions by experience, and the rationality and economic benefits of the panel layout are uncertain.

[0004] In the current design and installation operation, the influence of the east-west direction terrain and the shadow of the photovoltaic panels on the horizontal spacing between the panels is not considered. In fact, if the influence of the east-west direction terrain and the shadow of the photovoltaic panels on the horizontal spacing between the panels is not considered in the design and installation, only a fixed value of the panel spacing requirement and the horizontal spacing requirement between the panels is given, and according to the different field terrain of the installation site, there is a situation that the east-west direction terrain, the photovoltaic panels, and the shadow between the photovoltaic panels are mutually blocked. This situation will cause insufficient utilization of light energy resources, and the utilization rate of photovoltaic resources with the same number of photovoltaic panels is not maximized.

[0005] In the current design and installation operation, the vertical inclination and vertical spacing of all photovoltaic panels on the entire photovoltaic site are uniformly calculated. In this case: ① If the vertical spacing between the panels is greater than or equal to the maximum shadow unblocking distance of all photovoltaic panels on the entire photovoltaic site in the north-south direction, the number of panels on the same area of the photovoltaic site will be reduced, and the economic benefits will not be maximized. ② If the vertical spacing between the panels is less than the maximum shadow unblocking distance of all photovoltaic panels on the entire photovoltaic site in the north-south direction, there will be photovoltaic panels blocked by the north-south shadow of other photovoltaic panels. This situation will cause insufficient utilization of light energy resources, and the economic benefits of photovoltaic resource utilization with the same number of photovoltaic panels will not be maximized. SUMMARY

[0006] The application provides a linear photovoltaic array arrangement method based on DEM, which considers the influence of east-west direction terrain and photovoltaic panel shadow on the horizontal spacing between panels, and maximally utilizes solar photovoltaic resources.

[0007] The linear photovoltaic array arrangement method based on DEM comprises the following steps.

[0008] S0, region selection: selecting a south-facing sunny slope with a slope of no more than 20 degrees, a region without light blocking at 9-15 o'clock on the winter solstice day;

[0009] S1, extraction of a middle axis section of a panel on a three-dimensional terrain and curve function fitting calculation, specifically:

[0010] S1-1, using GIS software to extract high-precision digital elevation model data at the range of the panel to be arranged;

[0011] S1-2, on the DEM, according to the known length and width of the photovoltaic panel, the to-be-determined longitudinal spacing between panels, the overall panel arrangement range is divided, and the to-be-determined middle axis of each row of photovoltaic panels is divided, and the middle axis of the panel is distributed horizontally;

[0012] S1-3, extracting any one of the middle axes of the panel;

[0013] S1-4, cutting the DEM along the middle axis to obtain the section data of the middle axis of the panel, picking up a plurality of coordinate points on the section, and fitting the section curve function f1(x);

[0014] S2, calculation of the east-west direction panel arrangement angle of a single photovoltaic panel, specifically comprising:

[0015] S2-1, calculating the relative ground moving angle of the arrangement site per hour as 180° / 2T = 90° / T;

[0016] Wherein, T is the time interval between the sunrise and sunset time of the arrangement site and the 12 o'clock noon time of the arrangement site.

[0017] S2-2, establishing a to-be-determined plane coordinate system with an origin;

[0018] S2-3, calculating the angle between the sunlight and the ground at the sunrise and the sunset of the arrangement site:

[0019] The angle between the sunlight and the ground of the arrangement site at 9 o'clock in the morning on the winter solstice day is AN 9点 = 90° / T * (T-3); the angle between the sunlight and the ground at 15 o'clock in the afternoon is AN 15点 = 180°- AN 9点 .

[0020] S2-4, calculating the east-west direction panel arrangement angle range of a single photovoltaic panel as (0°, AN 9点] ∪[AN 15点 , 180°), the corresponding single photovoltaic panel board slope interval is (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[tan( AN 15点 ), 0) or expressed as (0,tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 ), 0);

[0021] S3, the front plate layout solution on the board axis, specifically includes:

[0022] S3-1, establish the board function f2(x)=kx:

[0023] The origin of the original point of the plane coordinate system CR established in step S2-2 is set to the starting layout point on the board axis, becoming coordinate system CR1, and the origin of coordinate system CR1 is denoted as O; a circle C is made with the origin O as the center and the photovoltaic panel transverse length L as the radius, C intersects the section curve function f1(x) at point A, and the A coordinate is (x1,y1); OA is connected, then OA=L;

[0024] The straight line equation of OA is the board function f2(x)=kx;

[0025] S3-2, check and adjust the slope k of the board function f2(x)=kx:

[0026] The board slope interval is (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 ), 0);

[0027] If k belongs to the board slope interval, f2(x)=kx is established and no adjustment is needed;

[0028] If k does not belong to the board slope interval and:

[0029] If k is greater than 0, adjust k to the upper limit of the board slope interval tan( AN 9点 );

[0030] If k is less than 0, adjust k to the lower limit of the board slope interval - tan( AN 9点 );

[0031] S3-2, establish the best board function f3(x) that is close to the ground:

[0032] According to the initial layout point O, the transverse plate length L, the adjusted slope k', and the intersection point A2 (x2,y2) with the circle C, a new function f2'(x) is established, and point A2 satisfies the function f2'(x);

[0033] Add a vertical intercept variable b to the function f2'(x) to establish the function f3(x)=k'x+b, b∈[0, +∞), and according to f3(x) and f1(x) in the interval [x0, x1], the value of b is calculated, and then the function f3(x) that meets the preset conditions and is close to the ground is established on the section curve function f1(x) in the interval [x0, x1];

[0034] S4, the back plate layout calculation on the axis of the layout, specifically comprising:

[0035] S4-1, after the front photovoltaic panel is arranged, the layout starting point of the back photovoltaic panel is calculated, and the layout starting point includes horizontal and vertical point calculation:

[0036] Horizontal:

[0037] The horizontal starting point O2 of the back panel is x1+d, wherein d is a known horizontal panel spacing constant;

[0038] Vertical:

[0039] h = - tan(AN 15点 ) * d = tan(AN 9点 ) * d;

[0040] h is the maximum falling height h of the front panel shadow between points 9-15;

[0041] If the layout area has a staggered platform, the staggered platform height is t, and the maximum height H down of the back panel descending or ascending up =H down =min{ h, t};

[0042] The vertical starting point O2 of the back panel is H down , and O2 is the layout starting point of the back panel, and a new coordinate system is established with O2 as the coordinate origin;

[0043] S5, calculating the layout of other back panels:

[0044] Repeat steps S3 and S4 to determine the best ground layout function of all back panels, i.e., determine the east-west angle and ground height of all photovoltaic panels;

[0045] S6, b value verification and adjustment of the best ground layout function f3(x), specifically comprising:

[0046] If the calculated b value in f3(x) is in the back panel elevation distance interval [0, H down + H up ], then the best ground layout function f3(x) on the terrain f1(x) meets the requirements and does not need to be adjusted;

[0047] If the calculated b value is outside the back plate lifting distance interval [0, H down + H up ], i.e. the b value is greater than H down + H up , then the b value is adjusted to be within the back plate lifting distance interval [0, H down + H up ];

[0048] S7, comprehensive adjustment of the support height, specifically including:

[0049] S7-1, establishing the support coordinate CR2:

[0050] Each photovoltaic panel has four supports, and each pair of supports symmetrically divided along the central axis projects onto the central axis as a line segment. The center point of the projected line segment in the plane coordinate system CR is taken as a point representing the support position, and the distance from the photovoltaic panel to the ground below represents the height of the support to form a photovoltaic panel CR2 coordinate graph.

[0051] S7-2, checking and adjusting the support height:

[0052] The minimum value H 支架min and the maximum value H 支架max of the height of all photovoltaic panel supports are calculated, and it is determined whether H 支架max meets the requirements of the solar panel layout height [H min , H max ];

[0053] If H 支架max < H min , then all photovoltaic panels are translated upward by H min - H 支架max , so that H 支架max = H min ;

[0054] If H 支架max > H min , then no adjustment is made.

[0055] S7-3, checking whether all photovoltaic panel support heights meet the requirements and whether the photovoltaic panels conflict with the three-dimensional terrain:

[0056] If the left and right support heights of the Nth photovoltaic panel are H n左 and H n右 , respectively, the initial height is H 支架max , the support lifting height is H max - H min , and p is the height step value, then the iterative calculation of any support height is H n左 + p and H n右When p is equal to 1, the number of racks that do not meet the height requirement of the national standard is counted, and the number of three-dimensional terrain conflicts of the photovoltaic panels in this iteration calculation is counted;

[0057] If all rack heights meet the requirements and all photovoltaic panels have no three-dimensional terrain conflicts, the case with the smallest height step value p in this iteration calculation is listed as the most reasonable panel arrangement scheme;

[0058] If the rack height and three-dimensional terrain cannot fully meet the requirements, any one of the following three schemes is selected as the panel arrangement scheme,

[0059] (1) a scheme in which a small number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the rack height requirement;

[0060] (2) a scheme in which the least number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the three-dimensional terrain requirement;

[0061] (3) a scheme in which the least number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the rack height and three-dimensional terrain requirements;

[0062] In the step S7-3, P is 1 centimeter or a constant of (H max - H min ) / 10;

[0063] S8, solve the panel arrangement of other rows:

[0064] The central axes of the panel arrangements in multiple rows in the panel arrangement range have the same arrangement mode, so the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic panels on the central axis of any one panel arrangement is solved, which is the arrangement mode of the other multiple rows of panel arrangements;

[0065] S9, solve the south-north panel arrangement angle and spacing of a single photovoltaic panel, specifically:

[0066] S9-1, calculate the south-north panel arrangement angle of a single photovoltaic panel:

[0067] The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice day is An=90°- (B1+B0);

[0068] Wherein: An is the solar altitude angle, B1 is the local latitude, and B0 is the winter solstice sun direct point latitude value 23°26';

[0069] The south-north panel arrangement angle of a single photovoltaic panel should be C 板 =90°-An=B1+23°26';

[0070] S9-2, calculate the minimum longitudinal spacing D 板 of a single photovoltaic panel:

[0071] The minimum longitudinal spacing D 板 of a single photovoltaic panel is D板 = L 板 / cos( C 板 );

[0072] wherein: L 板 is the longitudinal length of the panel;

[0073] S9-3, adjusting the longitudinal distance D 板 :

[0074] repeating step S9-2, calculating the minimum longitudinal distance D of all the photovoltaic panels on the transverse linear support where the single photovoltaic panel in step S9-2 is located, and taking the maximum value D 板max as the longitudinal distance between the transverse linear support where the single photovoltaic panel in step S9-2 is located and the next transverse linear support;

[0075] S10, application of the result, specifically:

[0076] S10-1, calculating the height value of the support, according to the spatial position of the current photovoltaic panel that has been calculated, calculating the height value of the 4 or more supports on each photovoltaic panel and laying out;

[0077] The transverse direction refers to the east-west direction, the longitudinal direction refers to the south-north direction, the transverse interval between panels refers to the east-west interval distance between photovoltaic panels, the longitudinal interval between panels refers to the south-north interval distance between photovoltaic panels. The transverse inclination refers to the angle between the east-west direction of the photovoltaic panel and the ground; the longitudinal inclination refers to the angle between the south-north direction of the photovoltaic panel and the ground.

[0078] According to the high-precision actual digital elevation model (DEM) of the photovoltaic site, the terrain and the shadow shielding between photovoltaic panels caused by the change of the south-north and east-west sunlight are fully considered, the height range of the photovoltaic panel support is strictly controlled, the east-west control granularity reaches each photovoltaic panel, the south-north control granularity reaches each row of photovoltaic panels, and the corresponding transverse interval between panels, vertical interval between panels, transverse inclination between panels, vertical inclination between panels, and height value of each support of the photovoltaic panel are calculated for each photovoltaic panel in turn. The photovoltaic array arrangement scheme that is convenient for construction and maintenance and can maximize economic benefits is laid out in the photovoltaic site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0079] Figure 1 is the elevation model data (DEM);

[0080] Figure 2 is the overall panel layout range and the panel layout central axis of each row of photovoltaic panels;

[0081] Figure 3 is any panel layout central axis;

[0082] Figure 4 is the section curve of the central axis of the cloth board;

[0083] Figure 5 is the CR plane coordinate system established on the central axis of the cloth board;

[0084] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the angle between the sunlight and the ground at 9 o'clock and 15 o'clock on the winter solstice day;

[0085] Figure 7 is the calculation schematic diagram of the cloth board functions f2(x) and f3(x);

[0086] Figure 8 is the calculation schematic diagram of the A2 point and f´2(x) according to the adjusted k value;

[0087] Figure 9 is the algorithm schematic diagram of the remaining photovoltaic panel layout on the central axis of the cloth board;

[0088] Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the single cloth board with the ground-pasted photovoltaic panel on the central axis;

[0089] Figure 11 is the coordinate rule schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel support;

[0090] Figure 12 is the step iteration calculation schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel;

[0091] Figure 13 is the calculation schematic diagram of the single photovoltaic panel north-south direction cloth board angle;

[0092] Figure 14 is the calculation schematic diagram of the single photovoltaic panel north-south direction cloth board spacing;

[0093] Figure 15 is the array arrangement schematic diagram after determining the minimum vertical panel spacing of each linear support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] Embodiment 1: The linear photovoltaic array arrangement method based on DEM, which comprises the following steps: performing the cloth board central axis section extraction and curve function fitting calculation on the three-dimensional terrain, calculating the single photovoltaic panel east-west direction cloth board angle, calculating the front cloth board layout on the cloth board central axis, calculating the rear cloth board layout on the cloth board central axis, comprehensively adjusting the support height, and calculating the single photovoltaic panel north-south direction cloth board angle and spacing.

[0095] In the method of the application, the transverse direction refers to the east-west direction, the longitudinal direction refers to the south-north direction, the transverse spacing between the panels refers to the east-west direction spacing between the photovoltaic panels, the longitudinal spacing between the panels refers to the south-north direction spacing between the photovoltaic panels, the transverse inclination refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground in the east-west direction, and the longitudinal inclination refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground in the south-north direction.

[0096] A linear photovoltaic array arrangement method based on DEM, comprising the following steps:

[0097] S0, selecting a south-facing slope with a slope of not more than 20 degrees, and a region without light blocking from 9 to 15 o'clock on the winter solstice day.

[0098] S1, extracting the section of the central axis of the board on the three-dimensional terrain and fitting the curve function, specifically:

[0099] S1-1, using GIS software to extract high-precision digital elevation model data (DEM) at the range of the board to be arranged, as shown in Figure 1 ;

[0100] S1-2, on the DEM, according to the known length and width of the photovoltaic board, and the longitudinal spacing of the board to be arranged, the overall board arrangement range is divided and the board central axis of each row of photovoltaic board is drawn, the board central axis is distributed horizontally, as shown in Figure 2 ;

[0101] S1-3, extracting any one of the board central axes, as shown in Figure 3 ;

[0102] S1-4, cutting the DEM along the central axis to obtain the section data of the board central axis, picking up multiple coordinate points on the section, and fitting the section curve function f1(x), as shown in Figure 4 .

[0103] S2, calculating the east-west direction of the single photovoltaic board, specifically including:

[0104] S2-1, calculating the relative ground moving angle of the sun per hour of the arrangement site:

[0105] The east-west direction, the angle between the sunrise sunlight and the ground is 0°, the angle between the sunlight and the ground at 12 o'clock noon is 90°, and the angle between the sunset sunlight and the ground at 15 o'clock is 180°. The sunrise time and the sunset time have the same time interval as the local time at 12 o'clock noon in the arrangement area, and have symmetry. Therefore, let the time interval be T, the sunrise time on the winter solstice day in the northern hemisphere is 12-T in the morning, and the sunset time on the winter solstice day in the northern hemisphere is 12+T in the afternoon. The total daylight time is 2T hours;

[0106] Wherein, T is a known constant value, which is different according to the different arrangement sites, and the data value recorded by the astronomical station of the arrangement site is used to calculate the moving angle of the sun per hour in the arrangement site as 180° / 2T=90° / T;

[0107] S2-2, establishing the origin of the plane coordinate system to be arranged:

[0108] In the range of the board, the range of the board is regarded as a horizontal plane, and the sunlight is regarded as parallel light; the east-west direction is taken as the X axis, the positive east direction is taken as the positive direction of the X axis, the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the board area through the center of the earth is taken as the Y axis, and the vertically upward direction is taken as the positive direction of the Y axis. A plane coordinate system CR with an undetermined origin is established, as shown in Figure 5 ;

[0109] S2-3, the angle between the sunlight and the ground at sunrise and sunset on the layout day is calculated:

[0110] The span of the time from sunrise to 9 o'clock in the morning on the winter solstice is 9 - (12-T) = T-3 hours, and the angle AN 日出 between the sunlight and the ground at this time is:

[0111] AN 9点 = 0 + 90° / T *(T-3)= 90° / T *(T-3);

[0112] According to symmetry, the angle AN 15点 between the sunlight and the ground at 15 o'clock in the afternoon on the winter solstice is: 9点 ;

[0113] S2-4, the range of the east-west direction of the single photovoltaic board is calculated:

[0114] To ensure that each individual board is not blocked by its own shadow from 9 o'clock to 15 o'clock on the winter solstice, the range of the board angle should be (0°, AN 9点 ] ∪[AN 15点 , 180°), and the range of the single photovoltaic board is calculated as:

[0115] (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[tan( AN 15点 ), 0) or:

[0116] (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 ), 0)。

[0117] S3, the front board layout solution on the central axis of the board, specifically including:

[0118] S3-1, a board function f2(x)=kx is established:

[0119] The origin of the coordinate system CR established in step S2-2 is set to the starting layout point on the axis of the board, becoming a coordinate system CR1, and the origin of the coordinate system CR1 is denoted as O; a circle C is drawn with the origin O as the center and the transverse length L of the photovoltaic panel as the radius, and the circle C intersects the section curve function f1(x) at point A, and the coordinates of A are (x1, y1); OA is connected, and OA = L;

[0120] The equation of the straight line on which OA is located is the board function f2(x) = kx, as shown in Figure 7 ;

[0121] S3-2, check and adjust the slope k of the board function f2(x) = kx:

[0122] The board slope interval is (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 , 0);

[0123] If k belongs to the board slope interval, f2(x) = kx is established, and no adjustment is required.

[0124] If k does not belong to the board slope interval and:

[0125] If k is greater than 0, at this time, the photovoltaic panel laid according to the board function f2(x) will be shaded by its own shadow at 9 am, but will not be shaded by its own shadow at 15 pm; then adjust k to the upper limit of the board slope interval tan( AN 9点 ), so as to simultaneously satisfy that it will not be shaded by its own shadow from 9 am to 15 pm.

[0126] If k is less than 0, at this time, the photovoltaic panel laid according to the board function f2(x) will not be shaded by its own shadow at 9 am, but will be shaded by its own shadow at 15 pm; then adjust k to the lower limit of the board slope interval - tan( AN 9点 ), so as to simultaneously satisfy that it will not be shaded by its own shadow from 9 am to 15 pm.

[0127] S3-2, establish the best board function f3(x) that is attached to the ground:

[0128] According to the initial layout point O, the transverse panel length L, the adjusted slope k', and the intersection point A2 (x2, y2) of the circle C, a new function f2'(x) is established, as shown in Figure 8 , and point A2 satisfies the function f2'(x);

[0129] A vertical intercept variable b is added to the function f2'(x) to establish the function f3(x) = k'x + b, b ∈ [0, +∞), and in the interval [x0, x1], the value of b is calculated according to the unique intersection of f3(x) and f1(x), as shown in Figure 7As shown; after calculating the value of b, then within the interval [x0,x1], on the cross-sectional curve function f1(x), establish the optimal board layout function f3(x) that satisfies the preset conditions and is close to the ground;

[0130] S4, the calculation of the rear plate layout on the centerline of the plate, specifically includes:

[0131] S4-1, After the previous photovoltaic panel (front panel) is installed, calculate the starting point for the installation of the next photovoltaic panel (rear panel). The starting point includes calculations for both horizontal and vertical points:

[0132] Horizontal:

[0133] The lateral starting point O2 of the rear plate is x1+d, where d is a known constant of the lateral plate spacing, such as... Figure 9 As shown;

[0134] Vertical:

[0135] At 3 PM on the winter solstice, the sun's east-west angle AN 15点 At 9 o'clock, the shadow cast by the front panel at a horizontal panel spacing d is h, which is the maximum height h that the shadow of the front panel can reach between 9 and 15 o'clock; similarly, at 9 o'clock, the maximum height that the rear panel can reach at a horizontal panel spacing d is also h.

[0136] h = - tan(AN 15点 ) * d = tan(AN 9点 ) * d;

[0137] If there are misalignments in the layout area, and the misalignment height is t, then the maximum height H of the rear panel's downward or upward movement is... down =H up =min{ h, t};

[0138] The longitudinal starting point O2 of the rear plate is H down O2 is the starting point for the arrangement of the back plate, and a new coordinate system is established with O2 as the origin.

[0139] S5, calculate the layout of other back plates:

[0140] Repeat steps S3 and S4 to determine the optimal panel placement function for all rear panels, i.e., determine the east-west angle and ground clearance of all photovoltaic panels, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0141] S6, the b-value verification and adjustment of the optimal layout function f3(x) for ground contact, specifically includes:

[0142] If in f3(x), the calculated value of b falls within the range of the rear plate height increase distance [0, H]. down + H upWithin the range, the optimal ground-hugging board placement function f3(x) on the terrain f1(x) meets the requirements and requires no adjustment;

[0143] If the calculated value of b falls within the range of rear plate rise distance [0, H] down + H up In addition, the value of b is greater than H. down +H up Then the function f3(x) does not meet the layout requirements on the terrain f1(x), that is, there is a three-dimensional terrain conflict, which causes the shadow of the raised back plate to block the front plate. Therefore, the back plate cannot be raised to the ground height, and the ground needs to be excavated so that the value of b is within the range of the back plate's raised distance [0, H]. down + H up ] Inside.

[0144] S7, Comprehensive adjustment calculation for support column height, specifically includes:

[0145] S7-1, Establish the support coordinates CR2:

[0146] Each photovoltaic panel has four supports. Each pair of supports, symmetrically distributed along the central axis, is projected onto the central axis as a line segment. The center point of this projected line segment is then used as the point representing the support's position in the plane coordinate system CR. The distance from the photovoltaic panel to the ground below represents the height of the support, forming a system like this. Figure 11 The CR2 coordinate diagram of the photovoltaic panel is shown below;

[0147] S7-2, Verify and adjust the bracket height:

[0148] Find the minimum height H of all photovoltaic panel support structures. 支架min With the maximum value H 支架max Determine H 支架max Does it meet the requirements for solar panel installation height? [H] min H max ];

[0149] If H 支架max < H min Then all photovoltaic panels will be moved upwards by H. min - H 支架max , making H 支架max =H min ;

[0150] If H 支架max > H min If so, no adjustment will be made;

[0151] S7-3, Verify whether the height of all photovoltaic panel supports meets the requirements and whether the photovoltaic panels conflict with the three-dimensional terrain:

[0152] If the heights of the left and right supports of the Nth photovoltaic panel are H respectively n左 With H n右 , with H 支架max The starting height is H, and the lifting height of the support is H. max - H min Using p as the height step value, the height of any support structure H is iteratively calculated. n左 + p and H n右 When p, count the number of supports that do not meet the height requirements of the national standard, and at the same time, count the number of three-dimensional terrain conflicts that exist for photovoltaic panels in this iterative calculation.

[0153] If all support heights meet the requirements and all photovoltaic panels do not conflict with the three-dimensional terrain, then list the case with the smallest height step value p in this iteration calculation as the most reasonable panel layout scheme.

[0154] If the support height and three-dimensional terrain cannot fully meet the requirements, then any one of the following three options can be selected as the board placement scheme.

[0155] (1) There are a few photovoltaic panels that do not meet the support height requirements;

[0156] (2) Scheme where the minimum number of photovoltaic panels does not meet the requirements of three-dimensional terrain;

[0157] (3) The scheme with the fewest number of photovoltaic panels that does not meet the requirements of photovoltaic panel support height and three-dimensional terrain.

[0158] When a partially unsatisfactory scheme is selected as the photovoltaic panel layout scheme, the specific photovoltaic panels that do not meet the requirements are manually adjusted, either by discarding the installation of the photovoltaic panel or by modifying the ground where the photovoltaic panel is located to make it meet the requirements.

[0159] In step S7-3, P is 1 cm, or (H) max - H min A constant of 10.

[0160] S8, solves the layout for other rows:

[0161] The photovoltaic panels in multiple rows within the range have the same arrangement on the central axis. Therefore, the arrangement of photovoltaic panels on any one central axis is the arrangement of other multiple rows.

[0162] S9, Calculation of the north-south orientation angle and spacing of a single photovoltaic panel, specifically:

[0163] S9-1, Calculate the north-south orientation angle of a single photovoltaic panel:

[0164] When a single photovoltaic panel is arranged, the panel should be arranged in the south-north direction at an angle perpendicular to the local solar altitude angle at noon, at which time the photovoltaic panel can absorb the most solar radiation; the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice is calculated according to the formula:

[0165] An=90°- ( B1+ B0);

[0166] wherein An is the solar altitude angle, B1 is the latitude of the location, and B0 is the latitude value of the winter solstice sun direct point (the Tropic of Capricorn) 23°26';

[0167] As shown in Figure 13 , the south-north direction arrangement angle of a single photovoltaic panel is calculated as:

[0168] C 板 = 90°- An= B1 + 23°26′;

[0169] S9-2, calculating the minimum longitudinal spacing Dpanel of a single photovoltaic panel:

[0170] For the south-north direction arrangement spacing of a single photovoltaic panel, since the declination angle on the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere is the smallest, the length of the shadow in the south-north direction of the ground object in the northern hemisphere on the winter solstice is the largest, at which time the projection distance of a single photovoltaic panel in the south-north direction is the minimum south-north direction arrangement spacing, as shown in Figure 14 , the minimum longitudinal spacing D 板 of a single photovoltaic panel is:

[0171] D 板 =L 板 / cos( C 板 );

[0172] wherein L 板 is the longitudinal length of the panel;

[0173] S9-3, adjusting the longitudinal spacing D 板 :

[0174] Since the photovoltaic panels arranged in the same lateral linear support in the lateral direction need to meet the conditions of convenient construction, wiring and later maintenance, after the minimum longitudinal spacing D 板 of a single photovoltaic panel is calculated, step S9-2 is repeated to calculate the minimum longitudinal spacing Dpaneli of all photovoltaic panels on the lateral linear support where the single photovoltaic panel in step S9-2 is located, and the maximum value D 板max is taken as the longitudinal distance between the lateral linear support where the single photovoltaic panel in step S9-2 is located and the next lateral linear support;

[0175] D 板max both meets the minimum longitudinal spacing of all photovoltaic panels on the linear support not being shaded in the south-north direction and makes the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels in the south-north direction meet the conditions of convenient construction, wiring and later maintenance.

[0176] S10, application of the calculation result, specifically:

[0177] S10-1, calculating the height value of the support:

[0178] In step S7, the photovoltaic panel support is simplified and the optimal panel arrangement scheme of the single-axis section curve of the simplified support is iteratively calculated, such as Figure 12 In the support simplification, 4 supports of each photovoltaic panel are simplified to 2, such as Figure 11 Therefore, in the three-dimensional space of the actual terrain DEM, the height value of 4 or more supports on each photovoltaic panel is calculated according to the spatial position of the current photovoltaic panel.

Claims

1. A method for arranging linear photovoltaic arrays based on DEM, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S0, region selection: select a south-facing sunny slope with a slope of no more than 20 degrees and no light blocking at 9-15 o'clock on the winter solstice day; S1, extraction of the middle axis section of the three-dimensional terrain and curve function fitting calculation, specifically: S1-1, use GIS software to extract high-precision digital elevation model data at the range of the to-be-laid panel; S1-2, divide the overall panel layout range and the to-be-laid panel middle axis of each row of photovoltaic panels on the DEM according to the known length and width of the photovoltaic panel and the to-be-determined longitudinal panel spacing, and the panel middle axis is distributed horizontally; S1-3, extract any one panel middle axis; S1-4, cut the DEM along the middle axis to obtain the section data of the panel middle axis, pick up multiple coordinate points on the section, and fit the section curve function f1(x); S2, calculation of the east-west direction panel angle of a single photovoltaic panel, specifically including: S2-1, calculate the relative ground moving angle of the sun per hour of the layout site as 180° / 2T=90° / T; Wherein, T is the interval between the sunrise and sunset time of the layout site and the 12 o'clock noon time of the layout site; S2-2, establish an origin to-be-determined plane coordinate system; S2-3, calculate the angle between the sunray and the ground at the sunrise and sunset of the layout site: The angle between the sunlight and the ground at 9:00 am on the winter solstice is AN 9点 = 90° / T *(T-3); the angle between the sunlight and the ground at 15:00 pm is AN 15点 =180°-AN 9点 ; S2-4, the east-west direction of the single photovoltaic panel is arranged in the range of (0°, AN 9点 ] ∪[AN 15点 , 180°), and the slope interval of the single photovoltaic panel is (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[tan( AN 15点 ), 0) or (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 ), 0). S3, calculation of the front panel layout on the panel middle axis, specifically including: S3-1, establish the panel function f2(x)=kx: Set the origin of the to-be-determined plane coordinate system CR established in step S2-2 to the starting layout point on the panel middle axis as the coordinate system CR1, and the origin of the coordinate system CR1 is denoted as O; take the origin O as the center and the horizontal length L of the photovoltaic panel as the radius to draw a circle C, and the circle C intersects the section curve function f1(x) at point A, and the coordinates of A are (x1, y1); connect OA, then OA=L; The straight line equation of OA is the panel function f2(x)=kx; S3-2, check and adjust the slope k of the panel function f2(x)=kx: The slope interval of the cloth board is (0, tan( AN 9点 )] ∪[-tan( AN 9点 ), 0); If k belongs to the panel slope interval, then f2(x)=kx is established and no adjustment is required; If k does not belong to the panel slope interval and: If k is greater than 0, adjust k to be the upper bound of the slope interval on the board tan( AN 9点 ); If k is less than 0, adjust k to be the lower bound of the board slope interval - tan(AN 9点 ); S3-2, establish the best panel function f3(x) close to the ground: According to the initial layout point O, the horizontal panel length L, the adjusted slope k', and the intersection point A2 (x2, y2) with the circle C, a new function f2'(x) is established, and the point A2 satisfies the function f2'(x); Add a vertical intercept variable b to the function f2'(x) to establish the function f3(x)=k'x+b, b∈[0, +∞), and according to f3(x) and f1(x), the value of b is calculated in the interval [x0, x1], then the best panel function f3(x) that meets the preset condition and is close to the ground is established on the section curve function f1(x) in the interval [x0, x1]; S4, calculation of the layout of the rear panel on the panel middle axis, specifically including: S4-1, after the front panel is arranged, the layout starting point of the rear panel is calculated, including horizontal and vertical point calculation: Horizontal: The horizontal starting point O2 of the rear panel is x1+d, wherein d is a known horizontal panel spacing constant; Longitudinal: h = - tan(AN 15点 ) * d = tan(AN 9点 ) * d; h is the maximum height of the front plate shadow between 9-15 points; If the arrangement area has a misalignment, and the misalignment height is t, the maximum height H of the rear plate descending or ascending down =H up =min{h,t} The longitudinal starting point O2 of the back plate is H down O2 is the arrangement starting point of the back plate, and a new coordinate system is established with O2 as the coordinate origin; S5, solving the layout of other back plates: Repeat steps S3 and S4 to determine the optimal layout function of all back plates, that is, to determine the east-west angle and the height of all photovoltaic panels from the ground; S6, the b value verification and adjustment of the optimal layout function f3(x) of the ground, specifically including: If the calculated b value in f3(x) is in the postboard raising distance interval [0, H down + H up ], then the ground-adhesion optimal board laying function f3(x) on the terrain f1(x) meets the requirements and does not need to be adjusted. If the calculated b value is outside the back plate lifting distance interval [0, H down + H up ], i.e. the b value is greater than H down + H up , the b value is adjusted to be within the back plate lifting distance interval [0, H down + H up ]. S7, comprehensive adjustment of the height of the support, specifically including: S7-1, establishing the support coordinate CR2: Each photovoltaic panel has four supports, and each pair of supports is symmetrically divided along the central axis. The projection of each pair of supports onto the central axis becomes a line segment. Then, the center point of the projected line segment is taken as a point representing the position of the support in the plane coordinate system CR. The distance from the photovoltaic panel to the ground below represents the height of the support, forming a photovoltaic panel CR2 coordinate graph; S7-2, checking and adjusting the height of the support: Statistical minimum value H of all photovoltaic panel support heights 支架min With maximum value H 支架max , judge whether H 支架max meets the requirements of solar panel layout height [H min , H max ]; If H 支架max < H min , then all photovoltaic panels are translated upward as a whole by H min - H 支架max , so that H 支架max = H min ; If H 支架max > H min , no adjustment is made; S7-3, checking whether all photovoltaic panel support heights meet the requirements and whether there is a conflict with the three-dimensional terrain: If the left and right support heights of the Nth photovoltaic panel are H n左 and H n右 , respectively, the initial height is H 支架max , the support lifting height is H max , and H min , the height step value is p, the iterative calculation of any support height is H n左 + p, and H n右 + p, the number of supports that do not meet the height requirements of the national standards is counted, and the number of three-dimensional terrain conflicts of the photovoltaic panel in this iterative calculation is counted. If all support heights meet the requirements and there is no conflict with the three-dimensional terrain, the case with the smallest height step value p in this iteration calculation is taken as the most reasonable layout scheme; If the support height and the three-dimensional terrain cannot fully meet the requirements, any one of the following three schemes can be selected as the layout scheme, (1) a scheme in which a small number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the support height requirements; (2) a scheme in which the least number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the three-dimensional terrain requirements; (3) a scheme in which the least number of photovoltaic panels do not meet the support height and three-dimensional terrain requirements; In step S7-3, p is a constant of 1 centimeter, or (H max - H min ) / 10. S8, solving the layout of other rows: The central axes of the multiple rows of photovoltaic panels in the layout range have the same arrangement. Therefore, the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels on the central axis of any one row is the arrangement of the other multiple rows; S9, solving the north-south layout angle and spacing of a single photovoltaic panel, specifically: S9-1, calculating the north-south layout angle of a single photovoltaic panel: The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice is An=90°-(B1+B0); Where: An is the solar altitude angle, B1 is the local latitude, and B0 is the winter solstice sun direct point latitude value 23°26'; The north-south orientation angle of the single photovoltaic panel should be C 板 = 90°- An= B1 + 23°26′; S9-2, calculating the minimum longitudinal spacing D of individual photovoltaic panels 板 : Minimum longitudinal spacing D of individual photovoltaic panels 板 D = 2L 板 = L 板 cos(C 板 ) wherein: L 板 is the plate longitudinal length; S9-3, adjust longitudinal spacing D 板 : The minimum longitudinal distance Dp i of all the photovoltaic panels on the transverse linear support where the single photovoltaic panel described in step S9-2 is located is calculated, and the maximum value Dp is taken 板max The minimum longitudinal distance Dp i of all the photovoltaic panels on the transverse linear support where the single photovoltaic panel described in step S9-2 is located is calculated, and the maximum value Dp is taken S10, application of the calculation results, specifically: S10-1, calculating the height value of the support, according to the already calculated spatial position of the current photovoltaic panel, the height value of the four or more supports on each photovoltaic panel is calculated and laid out; The transverse direction refers to the east-west direction, the longitudinal direction refers to the south-north direction, the transverse spacing between the panels refers to the east-west spacing between the photovoltaic panels, the longitudinal spacing between the panels refers to the south-north spacing between the photovoltaic panels, The transverse inclination refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground in the east-west direction, and the longitudinal inclination refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground in the south-north direction.

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