Tail gas treatment device and hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The tail gas treatment device and the hydrogen fuel cell system are characterized in that: the tail gas treatment device comprises an air inlet pipe, a separation pipe and a catalytic reaction pipe group; the air inlet pipe is provided with a tail gas inlet, and a speed increasing cavity is formed in the air inlet pipe; the separation pipe has a separation cavity, the separation cavity is communicated with the speed increasing cavity, and the inner diameter of the separation pipe is larger than that of the air inlet pipe; the catalytic reaction pipe group has a reaction cavity for hydrogen and oxygen reaction, and the reaction cavity is communicated with the separation cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive technology, and more specifically, to an exhaust gas treatment device and a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in hydrogen fuel cell systems, the gas emitted from the stack contains a certain amount of hydrogen and oxygen. In existing technologies, fuel cell systems lack effective methods for treating the residual fuel in the exhaust, typically resulting in direct emission after mixing. This emission method relies on the gas flow rate of the fuel cell system requiring dilution, which increases the burden on the air compressor and weakens the fuel cell system's performance. The specific concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen in the exhaust gas from hydrogen fuel cell systems emitted in this manner are determined by the characteristics of the stack and the fuel cell system, but generally fall within the range of 2%–6% (volume concentration) for hydrogen and 8%–12% (volume concentration) for oxygen. It is worth noting that the explosive limits of hydrogen in air are 4%–75.6% (volume concentration), meaning that some of the exhaust gas emitted by fuel cell systems could explode directly upon contact with an ignition source, posing a safety hazard.

[0003] Therefore, how to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas emitted by fuel cell systems has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas treatment device to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas emitted by a fuel cell system.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system having the above-described exhaust gas treatment device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An exhaust gas treatment device, comprising:

[0008] An intake pipe is provided with an exhaust gas inlet, and an acceleration chamber is formed inside the intake pipe;

[0009] A separation pipe has a separation chamber, which is connected to the speed-increasing chamber, and the inner diameter of the separation pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the intake pipe;

[0010] The catalytic reaction tube assembly has a reaction chamber for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the reaction chamber is connected to the separation chamber.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, a third exhaust pipe is arranged between the catalytic reaction pipe group and the separation pipe, a first end of the third exhaust pipe is in communication with the reaction cavity of the catalytic reaction pipe group, and a second end of the third exhaust pipe is in communication with the separation cavity.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, the gas inlet pipe is arranged outside the third exhaust pipe, and the pipe wall of the gas inlet pipe and the pipe wall of the third exhaust pipe form the speed-increasing cavity.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, the second end of the third exhaust pipe extends into the separation cavity.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, the catalytic reaction pipe group comprises a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe in communication with the first exhaust pipe, the first exhaust pipe has a pressure-increasing and speed-reducing cavity, the inner cavity of the second exhaust pipe is the reaction cavity, and one end of the second exhaust pipe is provided with a gas outlet in communication with the reaction cavity.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, a first end of the first exhaust pipe is in communication with a first end of the third exhaust pipe, a second end of the first exhaust pipe is in communication with the second exhaust pipe, and the inner diameter of the first exhaust pipe gradually increases in the direction from the first end to the second end of the first exhaust pipe.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, a plurality of annular pipes are arranged in the second exhaust pipe, and annular gaps for gas outflow are formed between adjacent annular pipes.

[0017] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, a plurality of fixing members for fixing the annular pipes are arranged in the second exhaust pipe.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, the gas inlet pipe is provided with an extension pipe extending in the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of the gas inlet pipe, and the exhaust gas inlet is arranged on the extension pipe.

[0019] A hydrogen fuel cell system comprises an exhaust gas treatment device, which is the exhaust gas treatment device as claimed in any one of the above.

[0020] The exhaust gas treatment device provided by this invention discharges exhaust gas mixed with hydrogen and oxygen into the acceleration chamber of the intake pipe through the exhaust gas inlet, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the exhaust gas in the acceleration chamber and achieving stratification of liquid water and gas. Since the separation chamber of the separation pipe is connected to the acceleration chamber and the inner diameter of the separation pipe is larger than that of the intake pipe, the flow velocity of the airflow decreases when entering the separation chamber, the interaction force between the liquid water and the gas decreases, and under the action of gravity, the liquid water gathers downward and the mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen flows upward and enters the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube group from the separation chamber, so that the hydrogen and oxygen react.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the exhaust gas treatment device provided by the present invention achieves the separation of liquid water and gas by cooperating the speed-increasing chamber of the intake pipe and the separation chamber of the separation pipe. The separated hydrogen and oxygen mixture enters the reaction chamber to undergo a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an axonometric view of the exhaust gas treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of the exhaust gas treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view in the middle;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a left view of the exhaust gas treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a top view of the exhaust gas treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the exhaust gas treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 100 is the intake pipe, 101 is the exhaust gas inlet, 102 is the speed-increasing chamber, 103 is the extension pipe, 200 is the separation pipe, 201 is the liquid outlet, 202 is the separation chamber, 300 is the catalytic reaction tube assembly, 301 is the first exhaust pipe, 302 is the boosting and deceleration chamber, 303 is the second exhaust pipe, 304 is the annular pipe, 305 is the fixing component, 306 is the gas outlet, 400 is the third exhaust pipe, and 401 is the gas inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The core of this invention is to provide an exhaust gas treatment device to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas emitted by a fuel cell system.

[0031] Another core aspect of this invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system having the aforementioned exhaust gas treatment device.

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, this application discloses an exhaust gas treatment device, including an intake pipe 100, a separation pipe 200 and a catalytic reaction tube assembly 300.

[0034] The intake pipe 100 is equipped with an exhaust gas inlet 101, and an acceleration chamber 102 is formed within the intake pipe 100 to increase the flow velocity of the exhaust gas within the intake pipe 100, causing the liquid water inside the exhaust gas to gather to the periphery, thus achieving gas and liquid water stratification. It should be noted that the exhaust gas inlet 101 is connected to an exhaust gas emission device, specifically, a fuel cell emission device. The emitted exhaust gas mainly consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and liquid water. Since liquid water adheres to the catalyst surface, reducing the contact area with the gas and decreasing the catalytic reaction efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen, the liquid water must be separated before the hydrogen and oxygen catalytic reaction can proceed.

[0035] Further, the separation pipeline 200 has a separation cavity 202, and the separation cavity 202 is communicated with the accelerating cavity 102. In order to ensure that the interaction force between the liquid water and the gas is reduced, and the separation of the liquid water and the gas is realized, the inner diameter of the separation pipeline 200 is greater than the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipeline 100. It should be noted that the inner diameter of the separation pipeline 200 refers to the inner diameter of the cavity of the separation cavity 202, and the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipeline 100 refers to the inner diameter of the cavity of the accelerating cavity 102. When the gas and the liquid water complete the stratification in the accelerating cavity 102, and then enter the separation cavity 202, due to the increase of the hydraulic radius of the flow channel, the gas flow is decelerated, so that the interaction force between the liquid water and the gas is reduced, and the liquid water is gathered downward under the action of gravity, and the gas flows upward due to the lighter density, enters the catalytic reaction tube group 300, and the separation of the gas and the liquid water is realized.

[0036] In order to ensure that the hydrogen and the oxygen can fully react under the action of the catalyst, the catalytic reaction tube group 300 has a reaction cavity for the reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen, and the reaction cavity is communicated with the separation cavity 202. When the hydrogen and the oxygen flow into the reaction cavity from the separation cavity 202, chemical reactions occur under the action of the catalyst, and liquid water is generated, so that the concentration of the hydrogen in the tail gas is reduced. It should be noted that due to the fact that the catalyst can adsorb gas molecules on the surface and reduce the activation energy required when the hydrogen and the oxygen react, the reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen can be carried out at normal temperature, and a large amount of heat is released when the hydrogen and the oxygen react, so that the liquid water generated by the reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen is vaporized to become water vapor, and is discharged out of the reaction cavity together with the remaining gas. Specifically, the catalyst disclosed in the embodiment can generally adopt metal oxides of manganese, zinc or copper, and of course the catalyst can also adopt carbon-supported platinum particles, and the type of the catalyst needs to be selected by the person skilled in the related art according to the actual situation.

[0037] The tail gas treatment device provided by the application has the following advantages. The tail gas mixed with the hydrogen and the oxygen is discharged into the accelerating cavity 102 of the gas inlet pipeline 100 through the tail gas inlet 101 arranged in the gas inlet pipeline 100, so that the flow rate of the tail gas in the accelerating cavity 102 is increased, and the stratification of the liquid water and the gas is realized. Since the separation cavity 202 of the separation pipeline 200 is communicated with the accelerating cavity 102, and the inner diameter of the separation pipeline 200 is greater than the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipeline 100, the flow rate of the gas flow is reduced when the gas flow enters the separation cavity 202, the interaction force between the liquid water and the gas is reduced, the liquid water is gathered downward under the action of gravity, and the mixed gas of the hydrogen and the oxygen flows upward and enters the reaction cavity of the catalytic reaction tube group 300, so that the hydrogen and the oxygen react.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the exhaust gas treatment device provided by the present invention achieves the separation of liquid water and gas by cooperating the speed-increasing chamber 102 of the intake pipe 100 with the separation chamber 202 of the separation pipe 200. The separated hydrogen and oxygen mixture enters the reaction chamber, causing the hydrogen and oxygen to react, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas.

[0039] Furthermore, in order to ensure that hydrogen and oxygen can flow smoothly from the separation chamber 202 of the separation pipe 200 into the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube assembly 300, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in one specific embodiment, a third exhaust pipe 400 is provided between the catalytic reaction tube assembly 300 and the separation pipe 200. For ease of understanding, the two ends of the third exhaust pipe 400 are defined as the first end and the second end, respectively. The first end of the third exhaust pipe 400 is connected to the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube assembly 300, and the second end of the third exhaust pipe 400 is connected to the separation chamber 202. Since hydrogen and oxygen are less dense and tend to rise, the second end of the third exhaust pipe 400 is connected to the top surface of the separation chamber 202. Figure 3 (View) Connected, and the catalytic reaction tube assembly 300 is located above the separation pipe 200. After the gas and liquid water are separated in the separation chamber 202, the liquid water gathers downwards, while the mixed gas composed of hydrogen and oxygen flows from the separation chamber 202 of the separation pipe 200 into the third exhaust pipe 400, and enters the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube assembly 300 through the third exhaust pipe 400 to carry out the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0040] Specifically, the intake pipe 100 is fitted outside the third exhaust pipe 400, and the pipe wall of the intake pipe 100 and the pipe wall of the third exhaust pipe 400 form an acceleration chamber 102. It should be noted that the acceleration chamber 102 is a first annular channel formed by the inner wall of the intake pipe 100 and the outer wall of the third exhaust pipe 400, so as to ensure that when the exhaust gas enters the acceleration chamber 102, the gas velocity increases, causing the liquid water inside to gather to the outside, thereby achieving the stratification of gas and liquid water.

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, in order to prevent liquid water and gas from entering the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube group 300 together with the third exhaust pipe 400, affecting the reaction efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber, in a specific embodiment, the second end of the third exhaust pipe 400 extends into the separation chamber 202 by a predetermined distance, and within the predetermined distance range, the outer wall of the third exhaust pipe 400 and the inner wall of the separation pipe 200 form a second annular channel, and the first annular channel and the second annular channel are in communication. Those skilled in the related art can understand that the longer the second annular channel, the higher the degree of separation of liquid water and gas, and the more gas accumulated at the top of the second annular channel, which cannot enter the third exhaust pipe 400 through the gas inlet 401 and flow into the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube group 300; the shorter the second annular channel, the lower the degree of separation of liquid water and gas, and the less gas accumulated at the top of the second annular channel, and part of the gas will enter the third exhaust pipe 400 with liquid water through the gas inlet 401 and flow into the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube group 300. The specific length of the second annular channel needs to be determined by those skilled in the related art according to the actual situation.

[0042] Further, in a specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The catalytic reaction tube group 300 includes a first exhaust pipe 301 and a second exhaust pipe 303 connected to the first exhaust pipe 301. Among them, the first exhaust pipe 301 has a pressurized deceleration chamber 302, the inner cavity of the second exhaust pipe 303 is a reaction chamber, and the pressurized deceleration chamber 302 is in communication with the reaction chamber. One end of the second exhaust pipe 303 is provided with a gas outlet 306 in communication with the reaction chamber.

[0043] Specifically, the first end of the first exhaust pipe 301 is in communication with the first end of the third exhaust pipe 400, the second end of the first exhaust pipe 301 is in communication with the second exhaust pipe 303, and the inner diameter of the first exhaust pipe 301 gradually increases in the direction from the first end to the second end of the first exhaust pipe 301, to form the pressurized deceleration chamber 302. When the mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen enters the third exhaust pipe 400 through the gas inlet 401, it flows into the pressurized deceleration chamber 302 of the first exhaust pipe 301. Due to the gradual increase of the inner diameter of the first exhaust pipe 301 in the direction from the first end to the second end of the first exhaust pipe 301, the flow rate of the gas flow is reduced, the contact time between the reaction chamber and the catalyst surface is increased, the static pressure of the gas flow is increased, and the number of molecules per unit area contacting the catalyst surface is increased, thereby improving the catalytic reaction efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0044] Further, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, in a specific embodiment, the second exhaust pipeline 303 is provided with a plurality of annular pipelines 304, annular gaps for gas outflow are formed between adjacent annular pipelines 304, and the second exhaust pipeline 303 is provided with a plurality of fixing members 305 for fixing the annular pipelines 304. Specifically, the fixing members 305 are divided into two rows, are in the shape of a cross, and are arranged in the annular pipelines 304 for fixing the annular pipelines 304. It should be noted that the annular gaps formed between adjacent annular pipelines 304 ensure smooth outflow of gas from the annular gaps, and also make the gas and the catalyst contact more fully and uniformly, and the reaction effect is better.

[0045] Further, in order to facilitate the connection of the gas inlet pipeline 100 and the tail gas discharge device, in a specific embodiment, the gas inlet pipeline 100 is provided with an extension pipe 103 extending along the tangential direction of the circumference of the gas inlet pipeline 100, and the tail gas inlet 101 is arranged on the extension pipe 103, and the tail gas discharge device is connected with the gas inlet pipeline 100 through the extension pipe 103.

[0046] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system comprising the tail gas treatment device, which is the tail gas treatment device disclosed in the above embodiment, and therefore has all the technical effects of the tail gas treatment device, which will not be repeated here.

[0047] The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can include steps or units not listed.

[0048] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tail gas treatment device, characterized in that, include: An intake pipe (100) is provided with an exhaust gas inlet (101), and an acceleration chamber (102) is formed inside the intake pipe (100). The separation pipe (200) has a separation chamber (202) which is connected to the speed-increasing chamber (102), and the inner diameter of the separation pipe (200) is larger than the inner diameter of the intake pipe (100); The catalytic reaction tube assembly (300) has a reaction chamber for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the reaction chamber is connected to the separation chamber (202); A third exhaust pipe (400) is disposed between the catalytic reaction tube assembly (300) and the separation pipe (200), and the first end of the third exhaust pipe (400) is connected to the reaction chamber of the catalytic reaction tube assembly (300), and the second end of the third exhaust pipe (400) is connected to the separation chamber (202); The catalytic reaction tube assembly (300) includes a first exhaust pipe (301) and a second exhaust pipe (303) connected to the first exhaust pipe (301). The first exhaust pipe (301) has a pressurization and deceleration chamber (302), and the inner cavity of the second exhaust pipe (303) is the reaction chamber. One end of the second exhaust pipe (303) is provided with a gas outlet (306) connected to the reaction chamber. The first end of the first exhaust pipe (301) is connected to the first end of the third exhaust pipe (400), the second end of the first exhaust pipe (301) is connected to the second exhaust pipe (303), and the inner diameter of the first exhaust pipe (301) gradually increases in the direction from the first end to the second end. The second exhaust pipe (303) is provided with multiple annular pipes (304), and an annular gap for gas to flow out is formed between adjacent annular pipes (304).

2. The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake pipe (100) is sleeved on the outside of the third exhaust pipe (400), and the pipe wall of the intake pipe (100) and the pipe wall of the third exhaust pipe (400) surround the speed-increasing chamber (102).

3. The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second end of the third exhaust pipe (400) extends into the separation chamber (202).

4. The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second exhaust pipe (303) is provided with a plurality of fasteners (305) for fixing the annular pipe (304).

5. The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake pipe (100) is provided with an extension pipe (103) extending along the circumferential tangential direction of the intake pipe (100), and the exhaust gas inlet (101) is provided on the extension pipe (103).

6. A hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising an exhaust gas treatment device, characterized in that, The exhaust gas treatment device is the exhaust gas treatment device as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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