Portable oxygen production device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of renewable energy sources and energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to an integrated portable oxygen generation device which comprises a lithium ion battery, a PEM electrolytic tank, a hydrogen fuel cell, a photo-thermal interface evaporation device and an oxygen storage device. The lithium ion battery serves as a portable power source and supplies power to the electrolytic tank, a high-temperature water vapor inlet and an oxygen outlet are formed in one side of the electrolytic tank, water vapor comes from the photo-thermal interface evaporation device, and hydrogen generated on the other side of the electrolytic tank enters the fuel cell through the porous insulating spacer and the porous collector plate to serve as a raw material. And the water and the electricity react with oxygen in the air on the other side of the fuel cell to generate water and generate electric energy at the same time, and the generated water and electricity supply power and raw materials for the next electrolytic cell. According to the utility model, the coupling of the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell is fully utilized, and the photo-thermal interface evaporator is combined to generate high-temperature water vapor so as to improve the water electrolysis efficiency, so that the aim of obtaining oxygen from air in portable equipment is fulfilled, and the device can be used for supplying oxygen in a short time under special conditions such as outdoor activities and emergency treatment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the renewable energy and energy -conserving environmental protection field, concretely relates to a portable oxygen generator. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularity of outdoor leisure activities, the demand for portable oxygen supply equipment is increasing. Traditional oxygen supply devices usually rely on heavy high-pressure oxygen cylinders, which not only limits their portability, but also affects the user's flexibility in emergency situations. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a portable oxygen generator.

[0003] In existing designs, portable oxygen generators usually use pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation and chemical oxygen generation methods. Among them, pressure swing adsorption is developing rapidly, and its working principle is to compress air at high density and separate oxygen and nitrogen in air by molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption to obtain high-purity oxygen (CN202311235846.9, CN215862502U). However, the above oxygen generator relies on the adsorption performance of molecular sieve, and the service life of the molecular sieve is short, which is easy to powder. The dust content of the obtained oxygen is large, which needs to be filtered before use. At the same time, the molecular sieve is easy to absorb water, which reduces the separation efficiency. In order to ensure the adsorption capacity of the molecular sieve, the air is generally dehydrated before use. In addition, the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generation equipment is complex, and involves pressurization operation, which has high energy consumption. Although a device for obtaining oxygen through electrolytic cell and fuel cell combination technology has been reported (CN202310669200.5), but it is connected by a single electrolytic cell and a fuel cell, which has low compactness and is relatively bulky. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a miniaturized, lightweight and intelligent oxygen generator to meet the needs of outdoor activities, first aid and other scenes. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a portable oxygen generator.

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A portable oxygen generator comprises a lithium ion battery, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen fuel cell, a photo-thermal interface evaporation unit, an air pump, a water / gas separation unit and an oxygen storage unit.

[0007] The portable oxygen generator comprises two end plates, a membrane electrode of a PEM electrolytic cell and a membrane electrode of a fuel cell arranged in layers between the two end plates;

[0008] The cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is connected in communication with the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell through the through hole on the porous insulating gasket;

[0009] The membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell is provided with a water cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (water or water vapor flows into the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and O2 generated flows out from the other side wall) or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell (water or water vapor flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and O2 generated flows out from the other side outlet); the membrane electrode cathode side of the fuel cell is provided with an air cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (air flows into the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and water generated flows out from the other side wall) or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the membrane electrode cathode side of the electrolytic cell (air flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and water generated flows out from the other side outlet);

[0010] Alternatively, it comprises: 2-30 groups of stacked PEM electrolytic cell membrane electrodes and fuel cell membrane electrodes are alternately stacked between two end plates;

[0011] In the stacked PEM electrolytic cell membrane electrode and fuel cell membrane electrode, the cathode side of the electrolytic cell membrane electrode is attached or adjacent to the anode side of the fuel cell membrane electrode through a porous insulating gasket, and the cathode side of the adjacent electrolytic cell membrane electrode is connected to the anode side of the fuel cell membrane electrode through the through hole on the porous insulating gasket;

[0012] The anode side of the adjacent electrolytic cell membrane electrode and the cathode side of the fuel cell membrane electrode are separated by a stacked ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (located in the water cavity, the through hole in the middle facilitates the flow of water and water vapor), an insulating plate (or an insulating sealing gasket or an insulating gasket), a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (located in the air cavity, the through hole in the middle facilitates the flow of air), or two insulating flow field plates with flow channels on both sides;

[0013] Among them, the ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (water or water vapor flows into the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and O2 generated flows out from the other side wall) or the flow channel of the insulating flow field plate (water or water vapor flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and O2 generated flows out from the other side outlet) close to the anode side of the electrolytic cell membrane electrode, as the water cavity; the ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (air flows into the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and water generated flows out from the other side wall) or the flow channel of the insulating flow field plate (air flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and water generated flows out from the other side outlet) close to the cathode side of the fuel cell membrane electrode, as the air cavity;

[0014] The membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell near the end plate is provided with a water cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (water or water vapor enters the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and O2 generated flows out from the other side wall) or a flow field plate facing the membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell with a flow channel (water or water vapor flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and O2 generated flows out from the other side outlet); the membrane electrode cathode side of the fuel cell near the end plate is provided with an air cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (air enters the through hole from one side wall of the ring-shaped flat plate, and water generated flows out from the other side wall) or a flow field plate facing the membrane electrode cathode side of the electrolytic cell with a flow channel (air flows into the flow channel from one side inlet, and water generated flows out from the other side outlet);

[0015] The portable oxygen generator device, lithium ion battery and / or photovoltaic power generation panel as a portable power supply, power supply for PEM electrolytic cell, and the fuel cell generated electricity also for electrolytic cell power supply.

[0016] A porous current collector plate is arranged between the membrane electrode anode side of the fuel cell and / or PEM electrolytic cell and the porous insulating gasket, and between the cathode membrane electrode of the fuel cell and / or PEM electrolytic cell and the adjacent flow field plate or ring-shaped flat plate; the porous current collector plate is made of one or more than two of copper, nickel and other metal materials with good electrical conductivity; the surface is provided with a plurality of through hole structures, which are one or more of round holes, square holes and hexagonal holes, with a hole diameter of 0.2-5mm and a porosity of 60-80%.

[0017] The membrane electrode structure includes a gas diffusion layer-anode catalyst layer-proton exchange membrane-cathode catalyst layer-gas diffusion layer, wherein the gas diffusion layer is one or more than two of titanium felt, carbon cloth and carbon paper; the anode catalyst in the anode catalyst layer is one or more than two of iridium black, iridium dioxide, ruthenium dioxide and nickel-iron foam; and the cathode catalyst in the cathode catalyst layer is one or more than two of platinum-carbon and platinum-based alloy.

[0018] The porous insulating gasket is made of one or more than two of fluororubber, polyimide film and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); the surface of the insulating gasket contains through holes with a diameter of 0.2-5mm, a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 1-10mm.

[0019] The porous current collector plates on the cathode side and the anode side of the fuel cell are connected to the porous current collector plates on the anode side and the cathode side of the adjacent electrolytic cell respectively through wires, and the generated electric energy is used to power the electrolytic cell; the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery are connected to the anode plate and the cathode plate of the electrolytic cell through wires, providing additional electric energy; under the blockage of the insulating plate, the unreacted gas and water in the air enter the pipeline through the outlet of the air flow field plate or the ring-shaped flat plate, wherein the gas is discharged through the exhaust valve, and the water enters the water storage unit along the pipeline to provide raw materials for the electrolytic cell;

[0020] The lower end of the water cavity of the electrolytic cell is provided with a high-temperature water vapor inlet, which is connected to a sealed water container (as a water storage unit) through a pipeline. A photothermal film is arranged above the water surface in the container, forming a water evaporator containing a photothermal film as a photothermal interface evaporator. The top wall of the container above the evaporator is made of transparent material (such as transparent glass or transparent PVC plate) to facilitate sunlight irradiation. The container is divided into an upper cavity (water vapor) and a lower cavity (liquid water) by a polystyrene heat insulation plate. The side wall of the lower cavity is provided with a water inlet, and the side wall of the upper cavity is provided with a water vapor outlet. The upper and lower cavities are separated by a polystyrene heat insulation plate, and the photothermal film is tightly attached to the upper surface of the polystyrene heat insulation plate. The heat insulation plate has a through hole in the middle, and a hydrophilic non-woven fabric strip passes through the through hole, with one end in contact with the photothermal film and the other end in water contact with the lower cavity. This ensures that water is continuously supplied to the photothermal film. The photothermal film limits solar energy to the film surface and efficiently converts it into heat energy. The liquid water is converted into water vapor by heating the water at the film / air interface. The high-temperature water vapor enters the electrolytic cell water cavity through the water vapor outlet in the upper cavity and the heat insulation pipeline (such as a pipeline with a layer of heat insulation material (such as heat insulation cotton) on the outer wall surface). Due to the high temperature of the water vapor, the reaction kinetics can be improved, and the electrolysis (oxygen production) efficiency can be improved.

[0021] Preferably, the photothermal film is composed of a photothermal layer containing one or more of carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, metal nanoparticles, polypyrrole, polydopamine, etc. and a porous support layer containing one or more of aluminum oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfone, etc. The light absorption rate reaches 90-100%.

[0022] The upper end of the water cavity of the electrolytic cell is provided with an oxygen outlet, and a water / gas separation unit is installed above the oxygen outlet.

[0023] The water / gas separation unit is a sealed container, which is divided into two cavities by a hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane. The two cavities are not connected to each other. A hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane (such as a hydrophobic PTFE membrane) is arranged between the two cavities. An oxygen outlet is arranged on the top of the upper cavity, and an air inlet is arranged on the upper part of the lower cavity. A drain outlet with a valve (closed during use) is arranged on the lower part or bottom of the lower cavity. The O2 containing water vapor flowing out of the oxygen outlet enters the air inlet of the lower cavity. The O2 is transmitted to the other side of the membrane (upper cavity) through the hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane, and enters the oxygen storage unit (oxygen storage container) through the pipeline. The water vapor trapped by the hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane is naturally condensed and accumulated at the bottom of the lower cavity. When the accumulated water in the lower cavity approaches the air inlet position, the valve is opened to pour or drain the water in the lower cavity into the water storage tank for reuse.

[0024] Preferably, the water / gas separation membrane is mainly one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, which can be a flat membrane or a hollow fiber membrane.

[0025] The air inlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell is provided with a blower, and / or the outlet is provided with an air inducer, so that air can flow through the air cavity better.

[0026] The hydrogen produced by the electrolytic cell is separated from the oxygen produced by the fuel cell by a porous insulating gasket and a porous current collector, so that the compactness of the device is improved; in addition, the electric energy and water produced by the fuel cell can be recycled, so that continuous operation of the device is realized, and energy consumption and cost are reduced.

[0027] A portable oxygen generating device, which uses renewable energy to produce high-purity oxygen from air, can be used for short-term oxygen supply in special situations such as outdoor activities or first aid.

[0028] The utility model relates to a kind of integrated portable oxygen generating device, including lithium ion battery, PEM electrolytic cell, hydrogen fuel cell, light-heat interface evaporation device and oxygen storage device.Lithium ion battery is used as portable power supply, and electrolytic cell is powered, and electrolytic cell side is equipped with high-temperature water vapor import and oxygen outlet, wherein water vapor is derived from light-heat interface evaporation device, and the hydrogen generated on the other side enters fuel cell as raw material by porous insulating gasket and porous current collector, and reacts with oxygen in air on the other side of fuel cell to generate water, while generating electric energy, and the generated water and electricity are used for power supply and raw material of next electrolytic cell.By the alternative arrangement of multiple electrolytic cells and fuel cells, oxygen can be obtained from air continuously, and the electric energy and water generated by fuel cell can be recycled, reducing energy consumption and saving cost.The utility model makes full use of electrolytic cell and fuel cell coupling, and combines light-heat interface evaporator to generate high-temperature water vapor to improve water electrolysis efficiency (oxygen production rate), to achieve the purpose of obtaining oxygen from air in portable device, with the characteristics of simple structure design, high integration degree, good flexibility, etc., which can be used for short-term oxygen supply in special situations such as outdoor activities and first aid.

[0029] The utility model has the advantages and positive effects that:

[0030] 1.The portable oxygen generating device of the utility model couples electrolytic cell and fuel cell, converts air into high-purity oxygen, and the method is novel and effective.

[0031] 2.The utility model uses high-temperature water vapor instead of low-temperature liquid water to improve water electrolysis (oxygen production) efficiency, and realizes the recycling of water, hydrogen and electric energy in the reaction, with simple structure design, energy saving and environmental protection, and good economic value.

[0032] 3. The oxygen generating device of this utility model utilizes a lithium-ion battery, multiple electrolytic cells, and a fuel cell in combination. By introducing a porous insulating pad between the cathode membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell and the anode membrane electrode of the fuel cell, the integration of the equipment is improved, resulting in a compact overall structure. Furthermore, the number of electrolytic cells and fuel cells can be adjusted according to the oxygen demand, making it highly flexible, easy to operate, and able to meet the oxygen demand in special scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the portable oxygen generator in an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a lithium-ion battery, 2 is a PEM electrolyzer, 3 is a fuel cell, 4 is a porous insulating pad, 5 is an insulating pad, 6 is a photothermal interface evaporation unit, 7 is a water / gas separation unit, and 8 is an oxygen storage unit (oxygen storage device). Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model is a portable oxygen generator, including a portable power source—a lithium-ion battery 1, a PEM electrolyzer 2, a fuel cell 3, a porous insulating pad 4, a sealed insulating gasket 5, a photothermal interface evaporation unit 6, a water / gas separation unit 7, and an oxygen storage unit 8.

[0037] Includes: 10 sets of stacked membrane electrode assemblies for PEM electrolyzers and membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells, which are alternately stacked between two end plates;

[0038] In the stacked membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the PEM electrolyzer and the fuel cell, the cathode side of the MEA of the electrolyzer is attached to or adjacent to the anode side of the MEA of the fuel cell through a porous insulating gasket, and the cathode side of the MEA of the adjacent electrolyzer is connected to the anode side of the MEA of the fuel cell through a through hole in the porous insulating gasket (forming a closed chamber connected by a porous insulating gasket between the cathode side of the MEA of the electrolyzer and the anode side of the MEA of the fuel cell).

[0039] The membrane electrode anode side of adjacent electrolytic cells and the membrane electrode cathode side of fuel cells are separated by a stacked annular plate with a central through-hole, an insulating plate, and another annular plate with a central through-hole. The annular plate with a central through-hole near the anode side of the electrolytic cell (where water or water vapor enters through the through-hole from one side wall (water or water vapor inlet) and the generated O2 flows out from the other side wall (oxygen outlet)) serves as a water cavity. The annular plate with a central through-hole near the cathode side of the fuel cell (where air enters through the through-hole from one side wall (air inlet) and the generated water flows out from the other side wall (unreacted gas and water outlet)) serves as an air cavity.

[0040] The membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell near the end plate is provided with a water cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (water or water vapor enters the through hole from one side wall (water or water vapor inlet), and O2 generated flows out from the other side wall (oxygen outlet)); the membrane electrode cathode side of the fuel cell near the end plate is provided with an air cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle (air enters the through hole from one side wall (air inlet), and water generated flows out from the other side wall (unreacted gas and water outlet));

[0041] The lithium ion battery serves as a portable power supply to supply power to the PEM electrolytic cell, and the electricity generated by the fuel cell also supplies power to the electrolytic cell; the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery and the fuel cell are connected to the anode and cathode of the PEM electrolytic cell through wires, respectively.

[0042] A porous current collector plate is arranged between the membrane electrode anode side of the fuel cell and the porous insulating gasket, and between the membrane electrode cathode side of the fuel cell and the adjacent ring-shaped flat plate;

[0043] Among them, the anode side porous current collector plate of the fuel cell is located between the porous insulating gasket and the membrane electrode anode of the fuel cell, and the cathode side porous current collector plate is located between the membrane electrode cathode of the fuel cell and the air cavity;

[0044] The anode side porous current collector plate of the electrolytic cell is located between the membrane electrode anode of the electrolytic cell and the water cavity, and the cathode side porous current collector plate is located between the membrane electrode cathode of the electrolytic cell and the porous insulating gasket.

[0045] The adjacent porous insulating gasket and the through hole position on the porous current collector plate correspond to each other. Among them, the control of the circular through hole diameter and the opening rate of the porous insulating gasket can ensure the rapid transmission of H2 while avoiding the contact between the membrane electrode and the current collector plate.

[0046] Preferably, the porous insulating gasket is a PTFE gasket, the through hole diameter is 2mm, the opening rate is 80%, and the thickness is 5mm.

[0047] The porous current collector plate is a porous copper plate with a circular through hole, the through hole diameter is 2mm, the opening rate is 80%, and the thickness is 5mm.

[0048] The PEM electrolytic cell 2 is provided with water vapor by the external light-heat interface evaporation unit 6, the water vapor enters the water cavity of the PEM electrolytic cell 2 through the water or water vapor inlet, and contacts the catalytic layer on the surface of the membrane electrode, generates O2, H +Where the oxygen from the oxygen outlet flows into the oxygen storage unit 8 after water / gas separation unit, the protons reach the cathode side of the membrane electrode through the proton exchange membrane, and H2 is generated under the action of the cathode catalyst, which enters the anode side of the fuel cell through the porous insulating gasket 4 and the porous current collector plate, and H2 is catalytically oxidized to form H + , H + Through the proton exchange membrane into the cathode side, and reacts with oxygen in the air under the action of the cathode catalyst to form water, while generating electric energy; the porous current collector plate on the cathode side and the porous current collector plate on the anode side of the fuel cell are connected with the porous current collector plate on the anode side and the porous current collector plate on the cathode side of the adjacent electrolytic cell through wires, respectively, to provide electric energy for the electrolytic cell, while the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery are connected with the anode plate and the cathode plate of the electrolytic cell through wires, to provide additional electric energy; under the blockage of the insulating gasket 5, the unreacted gas and water in the air enter the pipeline through the unreacted gas and water outlet of the air cavity annular plate, wherein the gas is discharged by the exhaust valve, and the water enters the water storage unit along the pipeline to provide raw materials for the electrolytic cell;

[0049] The positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery are connected with the anode and cathode of the PEM electrolytic cell through wires, respectively, to provide power for the electrolytic cell.

[0050] The anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is provided with a water cavity, which is an annular plate with a through hole in the middle (or a flow field plate with a flow channel), and the lower end of the water cavity is provided with a high-temperature water vapor inlet, and the upper end is provided with an oxygen outlet. The water vapor is derived from the photo-thermal evaporation unit, and enters the electrolytic cell water cavity through the pipeline wrapped with heat insulation cotton, and the water vapor contacts the membrane electrode to generate O2, H + , H2 and H2O under the action of the iridium dioxide catalyst, wherein O2 enters the oxygen storage unit after the water / gas separation unit, the protons reach the cathode side of the membrane electrode through the proton exchange membrane, and H2 is generated under the action of the Pt / C catalyst, which enters the anode side of the fuel cell through the porous insulating gasket and the porous current collector plate, and H2 is catalytically oxidized to form H + , H +The water and the unreacted gas in the air flow out from the unreacted gas and water outlet (a through hole) of the air cavity, the gas is discharged through the exhaust valve, and the water enters the photo-thermal evaporation unit (water storage tank). In the whole system, the water and the air enter through the through holes (water or water vapor inlet, air inlet) in the middle of the annular plate (or along the serpentine flow field plate) and flow in the membrane electrode to trigger the catalytic reaction. In order to ensure that the air enters the air cavity of the fuel cell quickly, a blower is arranged at the air inlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell, and the air outlet of the blower faces the air inlet. The fuel cell membrane electrode and the electrolytic cell membrane electrode are connected in the following way: the porous current collector plate on the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected to the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery through a wire, and the porous current collector plate on the anode side of the fuel cell is connected to the porous current collector plate on the cathode side of the adjacent electrolytic cell, so that the electric energy generated by the fuel cell is used to supply power to the electrolytic cell together with the lithium ion battery, and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell through a wire, forming a closed loop to supply power to the electrolytic cell.

[0051] The electrolytic cell membrane electrode is composed of a titanium felt, an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer and a carbon paper. The preparation method is as follows:

[0052] Anode catalyst slurry preparation: Iridium dioxide and carbon black (mass ratio 5:1) are added to a mixed solution of water / isopropyl alcohol / Nafion (volume ratio 4:1:0.1), and an anode catalyst slurry is obtained after ultrasonic dispersion;

[0053] Cathode catalyst slurry preparation: Pt / C with a Pt mass loading of 40% is added to a mixed solution of water / isopropyl alcohol / Nafion (volume ratio 4:1:0.1), and a cathode catalyst slurry is obtained after ultrasonic dispersion;

[0054] Membrane electrode preparation: anode and cathode catalyst slurries are sprayed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane (N117) using an ultrasonic spray instrument, wherein the Pt / C loading is 0.5 mg / cm 2 , and the iridium dioxide loading is 1 mg / cm 2 . Subsequently, carbon paper and titanium felt are placed on the Pt / C and iridium dioxide sides of the catalyst layer respectively, and a PEM electrolytic cell membrane electrode is obtained after hot pressing at 80°C.

[0055] The fuel cell membrane electrode structure and the preparation method are similar to the electrolytic cell membrane electrode (the same process and conditions as above electrolytic cell membrane electrode structure and preparation method), and the difference is that the anode catalyst slurry and the cathode catalyst slurry are interchanged, that is, the electrolytic cell anode catalyst slurry is used as the fuel cell cathode catalyst slurry, the electrolytic cell cathode catalyst slurry is used as the fuel cell anode catalyst slurry, the anode catalyst is Pt / C with a loading of 0.5 mg / cm 2 , and the cathode catalyst is iridium dioxide with a loading of 1 mg / cm 2 .

[0056] The protons generated at the anode side of the electrolytic cell enter the cathode side through the proton exchange membrane and produce H2 under the action of the Pt / C catalyst. The generated H2 reaches the anode side of the fuel cell through the porous insulating gasket and the current collector plate, and produces protons under the action of the Pt / C catalyst. The protons diffuse to the cathode side through the proton exchange membrane and react with O2 in the air cavity to produce water under the action of the iridium dioxide catalyst. The water, together with the unreacted gas in the air, flows into the water guide pipe through the air cavity through hole (outlet), and the unreacted gas is discharged from the exhaust valve at the branch of the water guide pipe, while the water enters the water inlet of the lower cavity of the photo-thermal evaporation unit through the guide pipe.

[0057] The water cavity inlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to a sealed container containing water (as a water storage unit) through a pipeline, and a photo-thermal film is arranged above the water surface in the container to form a water evaporator containing a photo-thermal film as a photo-thermal interface evaporator. In the photo-thermal interface evaporation unit, the photo-thermal evaporator is a sealed container containing water. The top wall of the container above the evaporator is made of transparent organic glass to facilitate sunlight irradiation. The container is divided into an upper cavity (water vapor) and a lower cavity (liquid water) by a polystyrene heat insulation plate. A water inlet is arranged on the side wall of the lower cavity, and a water vapor outlet is arranged on the side wall of the upper cavity. The photo-thermal film is tightly attached to the upper surface of the polystyrene heat insulation plate. A through hole is formed below the photo-thermal film in the middle of the heat insulation plate. A strip of hydrophilic non-woven fabric passes through the through hole, with one end in contact with the lower surface of the photo-thermal film and the other end in contact with the lower cavity. Thus, water is continuously supplied to the photo-thermal film from the bulk phase, and the photo-thermal film limits the solar energy to the film surface and efficiently converts it into heat energy. The liquid water is converted into water vapor by heating the water at the film / air interface. The high-temperature water vapor passes through the water vapor outlet of the upper cavity and the pipeline wrapped with heat insulation cotton to enter the electrolytic cell water cavity (or water cavity flow field plate) through the through hole (water or water vapor inlet) of the electrolytic cell water cavity. At the same time, the water flowing out of the air cavity of the fuel cell flows out from the air cavity through hole (unreacted gas and water outlet) and enters the photo-thermal evaporator through the rubber tube.

[0058] Water vapor is generated by taking a circular polystyrene thermal insulation foam board (polystyrene insulation board) with a diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical glass container for holding water, and a small hole is made in the middle of the board. The prepared photo-thermal film is tightly attached to the small hole on the upper surface of the polystyrene thermal insulation board, and the foam board is placed in the glass container coaxially. Since the PF foam board has a slightly larger diameter and is slightly elastic, it can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the glass container, thus providing good support, positioning and sealing, thereby ensuring that the water evaporates only through the photo-thermal film. The middle of the thermal insulation board is provided with a through hole, and the hydrophilic non-woven fabric strip passes through the through hole, with one end in contact with the photo-thermal film and the other end in contact with the lower cavity, thereby ensuring that water is continuously supplied from the bulk phase to the photo-thermal film. The photo-thermal film absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat energy to heat a small amount of water at the film / air interface, thereby converting liquid water into water vapor. The water vapor enters the pool water cavity through the through hole of the water field plate from the electrolytic cell water cavity, and protons and oxygen are generated under the action of the anode catalyst. Since the water vapor has a high temperature, it is beneficial to improve the reaction kinetics and enhance the water electrolysis (oxygen production) efficiency.

[0059] The photo-thermal film is prepared by polymerizing and depositing pyrrole on the surface of a polyvinylidene fluoride film substrate by chemical vapor deposition polymerization. The specific operation steps are as follows: cut the polyvinylidene fluoride film (thickness about 150 μm) into a circle with a diameter of 4.0 cm, immerse it in a 0.05 mol L -1 of FeCl3 solution for 6 h, and dry it in a 60°C oven to obtain a FeCl3-loaded substrate film; then, place the FeCl3-loaded substrate film in a polypropylene reactor, with one side of the film exposed and the other side tightly attached to the inner wall of the container, and then place a small beaker containing 10 μL of pyrrole in the reactor, then seal the reactor, and react in an 80°C oven for 0.5 h to obtain a photo-thermal film with a poly-pyrrole photo-thermal layer deposited; then take out the sample and wash it repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water for 5 times respectively until the washing liquid becomes clear; finally, dry it in a 60°C oven to obtain a poly-pyrrole-based photo-thermal film (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 2019, 3, 1800108). In the full spectrum of sunlight (250 nm-2500 nm), the light absorption rate of the poly-pyrrole-modified photo-thermal film reaches 94%.

[0060] A high-temperature water vapor inlet is provided at the lower end of the electrolytic cell water cavity, and an oxygen outlet is provided at the upper end, and a water / gas separation unit is installed above the oxygen outlet;

[0061] O2 produced at the anode side of the electrolytic cell is discharged from the upper end of the water chamber through the hole, and in order to remove the small amount of water vapor contained in the O2, a water / gas separation unit is provided above the oxygen outlet. The water / gas separation unit is a closed container, which is separated into two chambers by a hydrophobic PTFE membrane (millipore, model: FGLP04700, pore size 0.22 μm). The upper chamber is provided with an oxygen outlet at the top, and the lower chamber is provided with an air inlet at the upper part and a water outlet with a valve (closed during use) at the lower part. The O2 containing water vapor discharged from the oxygen outlet enters the lower chamber through the air inlet, and the O2 is transmitted to the membrane upper chamber through the hydrophobic PTFE membrane, and then enters the oxygen storage container through the pipeline, while the water vapor intercepted by the PTFE membrane is naturally condensed and collected at the bottom of the lower chamber. When the water collected in the lower chamber approaches the air inlet position, the valve is opened to discharge the water in the lower chamber into the water storage tank for reuse.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The structure is the same as that of Example 1, except that the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic power panel is used to replace the lithium ion battery to provide power for the system, and a single electrolytic cell membrane electrode and a single fuel cell membrane electrode are arranged in a stack between the two end plates. The cathode side of the electrolytic cell is connected to the anode side of the fuel cell membrane electrode through a porous PTFE insulating gasket, and the PTFE gasket is provided with a through hole with a diameter of 1 mm and an opening rate of 70%. The membrane electrode anode side of the electrolytic cell close to the end plate is provided with a flow field plate, and the lower end of the flow field plate is connected to the water storage tank through the flow channel inlet, and the upper end of the flow field plate is connected to the inlet of the chromatograph for monitoring the oxygen production. The membrane electrode cathode side of the fuel cell close to the other end plate is provided with a flow field plate, and the upper end of the flow field plate is connected to the atmosphere through the flow channel inlet, and the lower end of the flow field plate is connected to the flow channel outlet. The hydrogen produced by the cathode of the electrolytic cell enters the anode of the fuel cell through the PTFE porous gasket, and the fuel cell obtains oxygen from the air. The voltage and current generated are monitored by connecting voltage and current meters to the two sides of the fuel cell membrane electrode. The effective area of the membrane electrode in the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell is 1 cm 2 , the Pt / C loading in the electrolytic cell membrane electrode is 0.5 mg / cm 2 , and the loading of iridium dioxide is 1 mg / cm 2 ; the anode catalyst in the fuel cell membrane electrode is Pt / C with a loading of 0.5 mg / cm 2 , and the loading of iridium dioxide is 1 mg / cm 2 When the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic power panel is input to the electrolytic cell at a voltage of 10 V, the oxygen production rate is 0.6 ml / min, and the voltage generated by the fuel cell is 0.1 V and the current is 12 mA.

[0064] The utility model discloses through the alternative arrangement of multiple electrolytic cell, fuel cell membrane electrode, can obtain oxygen from air ceaselessly, and the electric energy and water that can recycling use are generated through fuel cell simultaneously, reduce energy consumption, save the cost. In addition, the system still utilizes the high-temperature water vapor of light-heat interface evaporation device, improves water electrolysis efficiency (oxygen production rate).

[0065] The oxygen generating device has compact overall structure, and the number of electrolytic cells and fuel cells can be adjusted according to oxygen demand, is high in flexibility, convenient to operate, and can meet the oxygen demand of special scenes.

Claims

1. A portable oxygen generator, characterized in that: it comprises: stacked membrane electrode of PEM electrolytic cell and membrane electrode of fuel cell between two end plates; the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is in contact or adjacent to the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell through the porous insulating gasket, and the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is communicated with the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell through the through hole on the porous insulating gasket; the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is provided with a water cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell; the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is provided with an air cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell; or, it comprises: stacked membrane electrode of PEM electrolytic cell and membrane electrode of fuel cell between two end plates, 2-30 groups of which are stacked alternately; in the stacked membrane electrode of PEM electrolytic cell and membrane electrode of fuel cell, the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is in contact or adjacent to the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell through the porous insulating gasket, and the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell is communicated with the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell through the through hole on the porous insulating gasket; the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell and the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell are separated by a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle, an insulating plate or an insulating sealing gasket, a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle, or two insulating flow field plates with flow channels on their surfaces; the ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or the flow channel of the insulating flow field plate close to the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell serves as a water cavity, and the ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or the flow channel of the insulating flow field plate close to the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell serves as an air cavity; the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell close to the end plate is provided with a water cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the anode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell; the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell close to the end plate is provided with an air cavity, which is a ring-shaped flat plate with a through hole in the middle or a flow field plate with a flow channel facing the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell; lithium ion battery and / or photovoltaic panel as a portable power supply, which supplies power to the PEM electrolytic cell, and the electricity generated by the fuel cell also supplies power to the electrolytic cell.

2. The portable oxygen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery and / or photovoltaic panel and the fuel cell are connected to the anode and cathode of the PEM electrolytic cell through wires.

3. The portable oxygen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: a porous current collector plate is arranged between the anode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell and / or the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the PEM electrolytic cell and the porous insulating gasket, and a porous current collector plate is arranged between the cathode side of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell and / or the anode side of the membrane electrode of the PEM electrolytic cell and the adjacent flow field plate or ring-shaped flat plate; the surface of the porous current collector plate is provided with a plurality of through hole structures, which are one or more of round holes, square holes and hexagonal holes, with a hole diameter of 0.2-5 mm and an opening rate of 60-80%; and, the positions of the through holes on the adjacent porous insulating gasket and the porous current collector plate correspond. The anode-side porous current collector of the fuel cell is located between the porous insulating gasket and the anode-side membrane electrode of the fuel cell, and the cathode-side porous current collector is located between the cathode-side membrane electrode of the fuel cell and the air cavity. The anode-side porous current collector of the electrolytic cell is located between the anode-side membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell and the water cavity, and the cathode-side porous current collector is located between the cathode-side membrane electrode of the electrolytic cell and the porous insulating gasket.

4. The portable oxygen generation device of claim 3, wherein: The structure of the membrane electrode comprises a gas diffusion layer, an anode catalytic layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer, The gas diffusion layer is one or more of titanium felt, carbon cloth and carbon paper.

5. The portable oxygen generator of claim 1, wherein: The surface of the insulating gasket has through holes with a pore size of 0.2-5 mm and an opening rate of 50-80%, and a thickness of 1-10 mm.

6. The portable oxygen generator of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: The water cavity inlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to a sealed container containing water through a pipeline, and a photo-thermal film is arranged above the water surface in the container to form a water evaporator containing the photo-thermal film as a photo-thermal interface evaporator; the top wall of the container is made of transparent material to facilitate sunlight irradiation; the container is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a polystyrene heat insulation plate; a water inlet is arranged on the side wall of the lower cavity, and a water vapor outlet is arranged on the side wall of the upper cavity; the upper and lower cavities are separated by the polystyrene heat insulation plate, the photo-thermal film is tightly attached to the upper surface of the polystyrene heat insulation plate, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the polystyrene heat insulation plate, a hydrophilic non-woven fabric strip passes through the through hole and is in contact with the photo-thermal film at one end and the water in the lower cavity at the other end, thereby ensuring that water is continuously supplied to the photo-thermal film; the photo-thermal film limits the solar energy to the film surface and efficiently converts it into heat energy, and converts the liquid water into water vapor by heating the water at the film / air interface; the high-temperature water vapor enters the water cavity of the electrolytic cell through the water vapor outlet of the upper cavity and a heat insulation pipeline; The photo-thermal film is composed of a photo-thermal layer and a porous support layer, and the light absorption rate is 90-100%.

7. The portable oxygen generator of claim 1, wherein: A high-temperature water vapor inlet is arranged at the lower end of the water cavity side of the electrolytic cell, and an oxygen outlet is arranged at the upper end; a water / gas separation unit is installed above the oxygen outlet; The water / gas separation unit is a sealed container, which is divided into two cavities by a hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane; the two cavities are not connected to each other; a hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane is arranged between the two cavities; an oxygen outlet is arranged at the top of the upper cavity; an air inlet is arranged at the upper part of the lower cavity, and a drainage outlet with a valve is arranged at the lower part or the bottom of the lower cavity; the valve is closed during use; O2 containing water vapor flows out of the oxygen outlet and enters the air inlet of the lower cavity; O2 is transmitted to the other side of the hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane and enters the oxygen storage unit through a pipeline; the water vapor intercepted by the hydrophobic water / gas separation membrane is naturally condensed and accumulated at the bottom of the lower cavity; when the accumulated water in the lower cavity approaches the position of the air inlet, the valve is opened to pour or drain the water in the lower cavity into the water storage tank for reuse; The water / gas separation membrane is a flat membrane or a hollow fiber membrane. The application discloses a hydrogen production device, which comprises a plurality of electrolytic cells and fuel cells, and is characterized in that the electrolytic cells and the fuel cells are arranged alternately; the cathode membrane electrode of the hydrogen production side of the electrolytic cell and the anode membrane electrode of the hydrogen production side of the fuel cell are only separated by a porous insulating pad and a porous current collector, so that the compactness of the device is improved; in addition, the electric energy and water produced by the fuel cell can be recycled, the continuous operation of the device is realized, and the energy consumption and cost are reduced.

8. The portable oxygen generator of claim 1, wherein: A blower is arranged at the air inlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell.

9. The portable oxygen generator of claim 1, wherein: The portable oxygen generator uses renewable energy to produce high-purity oxygen from air; The device is used for short-time oxygen supply in special situations such as outdoor activities or first aid.

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