A soft and water-rich surrounding rock tunnel excavation support structure

Abstract

The application relates to a soft and water-rich surrounding rock tunnel excavation supporting structure and the field of tunnel excavation supporting technology. The structure comprises support beams poured in the tunnel peripheral wall, a plurality of support beams are arranged between two adjacent pilot hole areas in the tunnel, one end of the support beam is mounted on the support beam of the tunnel top wall, and the other end of the support beam is mounted on the support beam of the tunnel bottom wall; the support beam is fixedly connected with a base at the position corresponding to the support beam, a connecting rod is hinged to the base, an adjusting rod is hinged to the connecting rod, the adjusting rod is slidably arranged on the base, the base is provided with a limiting assembly for fixing the adjusting rod, and the connecting rod is detachably connected with the support beam. The application can realize repeated use of temporary support and reduce resource waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel excavation and support technology, and in particular to a support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of transportation routes, my country's transportation lines have spread throughout the country. Because the construction of these routes can be affected by complex terrain, most routes require tunnel construction. When encountering tunnels in soft, water-rich rock, the special geological conditions make tunnel collapse and leakage highly likely. Therefore, in the construction of tunnels in soft, water-rich rock, operators typically employ the double-sided pilot tunnel method.

[0003] The double-sided pilot tunnel method divides the tunnel cross-section into three areas: a central pilot tunnel area and two side-wall pilot tunnel areas. Operators first construct the two side pilot tunnels to a certain depth, then construct the central pilot tunnel to the same depth. In traditional construction, operators provide preliminary support for each of the three areas. This preliminary support involves hanging steel mesh and installing support frames on the tunnel perimeter walls of each area, followed by shotcreting concrete to the tunnel perimeter walls, causing the support frames and steel mesh to solidify into a unified whole under the action of the concrete. Steel frames are also erected and concrete poured between adjacent pilot tunnel areas to provide temporary support for the entire tunnel. Later, operators dismantle the temporary supports and then perform final support and reinforcement for the entire tunnel.

[0004] Because the temporary support is a combination of concrete and steel frame, the operator needs to destroy and dismantle the temporary support during the later dismantling process. Separating the concrete and steel frame during the dismantling of the temporary support is difficult, and the dismantled steel frame will also be damaged to varying degrees, making it difficult to reuse, thus causing serious waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to enable the reuse of temporary supports and reduce resource waste, this application provides a support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock.

[0006] The technical solution for a tunnel excavation support structure in soft, water-rich surrounding rock provided in this application is as follows:

[0007] A support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock includes support beams cast into the tunnel perimeter wall. Several support beams are provided between two adjacent pilot tunnel areas within the tunnel. One end of each support beam is installed on a support beam on the tunnel top wall, and the other end of each support beam is installed on a support beam on the tunnel bottom wall.

[0008] The support beam is fixedly connected to a base at the position corresponding to the support beam. A connecting rod is hinged to the base, and an adjusting rod is hinged to the connecting rod. The adjusting rod is slidably disposed on the base, and the base is provided with a limiting component for fixing the adjusting rod. The connecting rod is detachably connected to the support beam.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the support beam, the operator controls the angle of the adjusting rod through the limiting component, which in turn drives the connecting rod to rotate, so that the distance between the two connecting rods at the top and bottom of the tunnel adapts to the length of the support beam. Finally, the operator installs the support beam on the two corresponding connecting rods, thus completing the installation of the support beam. The operator installs several support beams in this way to support the tunnel. When disassembling the support beam later, the operator separates both ends of the support beam from the corresponding connecting rods, thus completing the disassembly work. The disassembled support beam can be reused by the operator. Compared with concrete supports, reusable support beams can reduce resource waste.

[0010] Optionally, an ear plate is fixedly connected to the support beam, and a column is fixedly connected to the ear plate. The column passes through the connecting rod, and an end plate is provided on the connecting rod. Multiple locking bolts are provided through the end plate, and the locking bolts are threaded to the column.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the operator connects the connecting rod and the support beam, the operator inserts the column on the ear plate onto the connecting rod, and then fixes the end plate to the column by locking bolts. The end plate restricts the ear plate from separating from the connecting rod, thereby realizing the detachable connection between the support beam and the connecting rod.

[0012] Optionally, the limiting component includes a movable seat hinged to the adjusting rod, a groove for sliding of the movable seat is provided in the base, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the base, an elongated hole is provided on the connecting plate, the length direction of the elongated hole is parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat, a threaded rod is fixedly connected to the base, the threaded rod passes through the elongated hole, and a fastening nut is threaded onto the elongated hole.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator pushes the movable seat to slide on the base, causing the adjusting rod to flip, which in turn drives the connecting rod to flip. During the sliding of the movable seat, the threaded rod slides in the long hole. The operator connects the threaded rod with a fastening nut, which presses the fastening nut against the connecting plate, restricting the relative displacement between the connecting plate and the base, thereby preventing the movable seat from sliding and realizing the angle adjustment and fixation of the connecting rod.

[0014] Optionally, the base is fixedly connected to a guide post in the slide groove, the sliding direction of the guide post is parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat, the guide post passes through the movable seat, the base is provided with a pad in the slide groove, the pad is provided with a groove for cooperating with the guide post, the connecting plate covers the opening of the slide groove and prevents the pad from leaving the slide groove, and the end of the elongated hole away from the movable seat is open.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator can install pads inside the chute to restrict the displacement of the moving seat within the chute. When the connecting rod is subjected to thrust, it drives the adjusting rod to push the moving seat to press against each pad, and the pads bear the thrust of the moving seat, thereby preventing the moving seat from moving further and improving the support effect of the uprights and support beams on the tunnel. The connecting plate prevents the pads from detaching from the chute, thus limiting their position.

[0016] Optionally, the support beam includes a first support rod and a second support rod, both of which are provided with support arms. The two support arms are hinged to each other. Support plates are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the first support rod and the second support rod, and the two support plates are connected by a locking assembly.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator flips the first and second support rods to make the two support plates press against each other, and then fixes the two support plates together with the locking assembly, thereby realizing the unfolding of the support beam. By setting the support beam to be foldable, it is convenient for the operator to install and transport the support beam in the tunnel.

[0018] Optionally, the locking assembly includes a grooved plate fixedly connected to the second support rod, the grooved plate being used for the insertion of the first support rod, a limiting block being fixedly connected to the first support rod by fastening bolts and fastening nuts, the limiting block abutting against the grooved plate and restricting the grooved plate from flipping in the opposite direction, and a support block being fixedly connected to the first support rod, the support block being supported on the side of the limiting block away from the grooved plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when unfolding the support beam, the operator flips the first support rod and the second support rod to make the two support plates press against each other. At this time, the first support rod is inserted into the groove plate. The operator installs a limiting block on the side of the support block facing the groove plate, so that the limiting block presses against the groove plate, restricting the groove plate from separating from the first support rod and restricting the flipping of the first support rod and the second support rod, thereby keeping the support beam unfolded.

[0020] Optionally, a plug is fixedly connected to the second support rod, and a washer is fitted on the plug. The first support rod has a slot for the plug to be inserted into. A fixing bolt is slidably inserted through the support arm. Both the first and second support rods have several through holes. The fixing bolt passes through the corresponding through holes, and a fixing nut is threaded to one end of the fixing bolt that passes through the support arm and the through hole.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the operator needs to adjust the total length of the support beam, the operator can first remove the fixing bolts and nuts, then adjust the relative positions of the first and second support rods and their corresponding outriggers. Finally, the operator adjusts the number of washers according to the distance between the two support plates, and then locks the two limiting plates using the locking assembly, thereby achieving the length adjustment of the support beam. Furthermore, using washers to bear the pressure between the first and second support rods helps improve the support beam's stability in supporting the tunnel.

[0022] Optionally, both the first support rod and the second support rod are provided with a number of baffles on the side facing the central guide pit area. The baffles are provided with a number of connecting seats, and the connecting seats are fixedly connected with clamps for tightening the first support rod or the second support rod.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator supports the soil in the intermediate pilot tunnel area with baffles, reducing the possibility of soil collapse from the intermediate pilot tunnel area towards the side pilot tunnel area. Furthermore, the baffles are connected to each of the first or second support rods via several connecting seats and clamps, thereby connecting the various support beams in the same row into a whole, improving the support effect of the support beams on the tunnel.

[0024] Optionally, each of the connecting seats is fixedly slidably disposed on the corresponding baffle, and each of the connecting seats is threaded with a positioning screw, the positioning screw abutting against the baffle.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting seat is slidably set on the corresponding baffle and can be fixed to the baffle by positioning screws. This method can adapt to different spacings between adjacent support beams so that the operator can install the baffle.

[0026] Optionally, a first flip plate is hinged to the side of the baffle facing the central guide pit area, a second flip plate is hinged to the first flip plate, an adjusting seat is hinged to the second flip plate, a stud is fixedly connected to the baffle, the stud passes through the adjusting seat, and adjusting nuts are threaded to both sides of the stud on the adjusting seat, the adjusting nuts are used to push the adjusting seat to move on the stud.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator can push the moving seat to slide on the stud by turning the adjusting nut, which will cause the first and second flip plates to flip, so that the first and second flip plates and the baffle form a prism with a triangular cross-section, thereby improving the structural strength of the baffle itself and improving the baffle's support effect on the soil in the middle guide pit area.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. The two ends of the support beam are detachably connected to the support beams of the tunnel top and bottom walls, so that the operator can install and dismantle the support beam, realize the reuse of the support beam, and reduce resource waste;

[0030] 2. Install baffles on the support beams to support the soil in the middle guide tunnel area and reduce the possibility of soil collapse from the middle guide tunnel area towards the side guide tunnel area;

[0031] 3. The baffle is connected to each of the first or second support rods through several connecting seats and clamps, thereby connecting the support beams in the same row into a whole, improving the support effect of the support beams on the tunnel;

[0032] 4. The first and second flip plates and the baffle form a prism with a triangular cross-section, which improves the structural strength of the baffle itself and is beneficial to the support effect of the baffle on the soil in the middle guide tunnel area. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram illustrating the support beam and baffle in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the base in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the outrigger used in the embodiments of this application.

[0037] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of part B.

[0038] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0039] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part D in the middle.

[0040] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of section C.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Support beam; 11. Base; 12. Connecting bolt; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Adjusting rod; 141. Limiting assembly; 15. Moving seat; 16. Slide groove; 17. Guide post; 18. Pad; 19. Groove; 2. Connecting plate; 21. Elongated hole; 22. Threaded rod; 23. Locking nut; 3. Support beam; 31. First support rod; 32. Second support rod; 33. Support arm; 34. Rotating shaft; 35. Mounting seat; 36. Fixing bolt; 37. Fixing nut; 38. Through hole; 4. Support plate; 41. Insert block; 42. Slot; 43. Washer ring; 5. Locking assembly 51. Slot plate; 52. Horizontal plate; 53. Support plate; 54. Support block; 55. Limiting block; 56. Fastening bolt; 57. Fastening nut; 6. Baffle; 61. T-shaped slide rail; 62. Connecting seat; 63. T-shaped slot; 64. Clamp; 65. Positioning screw; 7. First hinge shaft; 71. First flip plate; 72. Second hinge shaft; 73. Second flip plate; 74. Adjusting seat; 75. Moving slot; 76. Stud; 77. Adjusting nut; 8. Intermediate guide pit area; 81. Side wall guide pit area; 82. Tunnel; 9. Ear plate; 91. End plate; 92. Locking bolt; 93. Column. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0043] This application discloses a support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock. For example... Figure 1 The support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock includes several sets of support beams 1 installed on the inner perimeter wall of tunnel 82, arranged sequentially along the extension direction of tunnel 82. Several support beams 1 are also installed in the same set, and the supporting beams 3 of the same set are spliced ​​together along the outline of the cross-section of tunnel 82 to form a complete ring, which is then cast into the inner wall of tunnel 82 with concrete. A row of supporting beams 3 is installed between the intermediate pilot tunnel area 8 and the left and right side pilot tunnel areas 81, with several supporting beams 3 in the same row arranged sequentially along the extension direction of tunnel 82. The supporting beams 3 are supported between the bottom and top walls of tunnel 82, and the top of each supporting beam 3 is detachably connected to the corresponding support beam 1 at the top of tunnel 82, and the bottom of each supporting beam 3 is detachably connected to the corresponding support beam 1 at the bottom wall of tunnel 82.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 3The support beam 1 is an I-beam. A base 11 is provided at the position corresponding to the support beam 3. The base 11 is detachably and fixedly connected to the support beam 1 by several connecting bolts 12. A connecting rod 13 is hinged to the base 11, and an adjusting rod 14 is hinged to the connecting rod 13 near its center. The adjusting rod 14 is slidably mounted on the base 11, and the base 11 is provided with a limiting assembly 141 for fixing the adjusting rod 14. The limiting assembly 141 includes a movable seat 15 hinged to the end of the adjusting rod 14 away from the connecting rod 13. A groove 16 is provided on the base 11 corresponding to the movable seat 15, and the movable seat 15 is slidably mounted within the groove 16. The connecting rod 13, the adjusting rod 14, and the base 11 form a triangle. Two guide posts 17 are fixedly connected to the base 11 within the groove 16. The axial directions of the two guide posts 17 are parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat 15, and both guide posts 17 slide through the movable seat 15. The base 11 has several pads 18 installed in the slide groove 16. These pads 18 are located on the side of the movable seat 15 away from the connecting rod 13, and the movable seat 15 presses against each pad 18. Each pad 18 has a fixed groove 19 for the guide post 17 to pass through. A connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the side of the movable seat 15 away from the connecting rod 13. The connecting plate 2 blocks the opening of the slide groove 16, preventing the pads 18 from sliding out of the slide groove 16. An elongated hole 21 is provided on the connecting plate 2. The length of the elongated hole 21 is parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat 15. The elongated hole 21 is open on the side away from the connecting seat 62. A threaded rod 22 is fixedly connected to the side of the base 11 away from the connecting rod 13. The threaded rod 22 is inserted into the elongated hole 21, and a fastening nut 57 is threaded onto the threaded rod 22. The locking nut 23 presses against the connecting plate 2.

[0045] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 The support beam 3 includes a first support rod 31 and a second support rod 32. Both the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 are U-shaped steel sections. The first support rod 31 is located above the second support rod 32 and is connected to the support beam 1 of the tunnel 82 roof. The second support rod 32 is connected to the support beam 1 of the tunnel 82 floor. Ear plates 9 are fixedly connected to the ends of the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 that are far apart from each other. The ear plates 9 correspond to the connecting rod 13, and a column 93 is fixedly connected to the ear plate 9, with the column 93 penetrating the corresponding connecting rod 13. An end plate 91 is provided at the end of the column 93 that penetrates the connecting rod 13. The end plate 91 abuts against the side of the connecting rod 13 away from the column 93. Several locking bolts 92 are threaded onto the end plate 91, and each locking bolt 92 is threaded onto the column 93.

[0046] Each of the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 has a support arm 33 at one end close to each other, and the two opposing support arms 33 are hinged together by a pivot 34. A mounting base 35 with a U-shaped cross-section is welded onto the support arm 33, and both the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 are inserted into the grooves of the corresponding mounting base 35. Multiple fixing bolts 36 are threaded through the mounting base 35, and both the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 have several through holes 38 for the fixing bolts 36 to pass through. Each fixing bolt 36 passes through its corresponding through hole 38, and the end of each fixing bolt 36 that protrudes from the mounting base 35 and the corresponding through hole 38 is threaded with a fixing nut 37.

[0047] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 Support plates 4 are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32. A long strip-shaped insert 41 is fixedly connected to the support plate 4 corresponding to the second support rod 32, with the length direction of the insert 41 parallel to the length direction of the second support rod 32. A slot 42 for inserting the insert 41 is provided on the support plate 4 corresponding to the first support rod 31. Several washer rings 43 are provided between the two support plates 4, each washer ring 43 having a through hole for inserting the insert 41, and the washer rings 43 are stacked on top of each other between the two support plates 4.

[0048] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The two support plates 4 are fixed together by a locking assembly 5. The locking assembly 5 includes a grooved plate 51 disposed on the second support rod 32. The grooved plate 51 includes a horizontal plate 52 and two support plates 53. The two support plates 53 are fixedly connected to the second support rod 32, and the second support rod 32 is located between the two support plates 53. The support plates 53 are rectangular, and the length direction of the support plates 53 is parallel to the length direction of the second support rod 32. The two support plates 53 are connected by a chamfered horizontal plate 52, and the horizontal plate 52 is located on the side of the support plate 53 away from the second support rod 32. The horizontal plate 52 and the two support plates 53 form a chamfered limiting groove, and the first support rod 31 is located in the limiting groove.

[0049] Support blocks 54 are fixedly connected to both sides of the first support rod 31 along the axis of the rotating shaft 34. When the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 are flipped so that the horizontal plate 52 abuts against the first support plate 4, the support block 54 is located on the side of the corresponding support plate 53 away from the rotating shaft 34. At this time, an installation groove is left between the support block 54 and the corresponding support plate 53. A limit block 55 is fixedly connected in the installation groove. Multiple fastening bolts 56 are passed through the limit block 55. Each fastening bolt 56 penetrates the side wall of the first support rod 31, and a fastening nut 57 is threaded to one end of each fastening bolt 56 that protrudes from the side wall of the first support rod 31. The fastening nut 57 is pressed against the inner wall of the first support rod 31.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Several rectangular baffles 6 are installed on the side of the support frames facing the central pilot tunnel area 8. The length direction of the baffles 6 is parallel to the extension direction of the tunnel 82. The baffles 6 are used to block the soil in the central pilot tunnel area 8. The baffles 6 are arranged along the length direction of the support beam 3. A T-shaped slide rail 61 is installed on the side of the baffles 6 away from the central pilot tunnel area 8. Several connecting seats 62 are installed on the side of the baffles 6 away from the central pilot tunnel area 8. Each connecting seat 62 has a T-shaped groove 63 that mates with the T-shaped slide rail 61, so that the connecting seat 62 is slidably mounted on the baffle 6. Each connecting seat 62 is threaded with a positioning screw 65, which passes through the connecting seat 62 and abuts against the T-shaped slide rail 61. Each connecting seat 62 is hinged with a clamp 64 on the side away from the baffle 6. The clamp 64 is fixedly connected to the first support rod 31 or the second support rod 32 by bolts and nuts.

[0051] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 A first flip plate 71 is hinged to the side of the baffle 6 facing the central guide pit area 8 via a first hinge shaft 7, and the axis of the first hinge shaft 7 is parallel to the length direction of the baffle 6. A second flip plate 73 is hinged to the side of the first flip plate 71 away from the first hinge shaft 7 via a second hinge shaft 72, and the axis of the first hinge shaft 7 is parallel to the axis of the second hinge shaft 72. Several adjusting seats 74 are hinged to the side of the second flip plate 73 away from the second hinge shaft 72, and the adjusting seats 74 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the baffle 6. A sliding groove 75 is provided through the baffle 6 for each adjusting seat 74 to slide within the corresponding sliding groove 75, and the adjusting seats 74 slide along the width direction of the baffle 6 within the corresponding sliding groove 75.

[0052] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 Each baffle 6 is fixedly connected to a stud 76 at each position corresponding to a moving slot 75. The studs 76 are located on the side of the baffle 6 away from the intermediate guide pit area 8. The axial direction of each stud 76 is parallel to the moving direction of the moving slot 75, and each stud 76 slides along its own axial direction through the corresponding adjusting seat 74. Each stud 76 is threaded with an adjusting nut 77 at both ends of the adjusting seat 74. The operator can move the position of the adjusting seat 74 by turning the adjusting nuts 77, causing the first flip plate 71 and the second flip plate 73 to fold together. The first flip plate 71, the second flip plate 73, and the baffle 6 form a prism with a triangular cross-section to improve the structural strength of the baffle 6 and enhance the support effect on the soil in the intermediate guide pit area 8.

[0053] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When constructing tunnel 82, the operator first excavates the pilot pit areas 81 on the left and right sides of tunnel 82. After excavating to a certain depth in the pilot pit areas 81, the operator supports the side walls, top walls, and bottom walls of tunnel 82 using support beams 1, and supports the top and bottom walls of tunnel 82 using support beams 3, thereby reducing the possibility of tunnel 82 collapsing. After the support beams 1 are installed, the operator sprays concrete onto the side walls, top walls, and bottom walls of tunnel 82. After the concrete has solidified, the various support beams 1 are connected into a whole, thereby enhancing the support effect on the inner walls of tunnel 82.

[0054] When installing the support beam 3, first install the base 11 on the support beam 1 of the top and bottom walls of the side wall guide pit area 81 using connecting bolts 12. Then, the operator controls the angle of the adjusting rod 14 and the support plate 53 by adjusting the number of pads 18 in the slide groove 16, thereby changing the distance between the upper and lower connecting rods 13 in the side wall guide pit area 81. The operator adjusts the position of the mounting seat 35 on the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 according to the distance between the two connecting rods 13, and adjusts the number of washers 43 between the two support plates 4 so that the length of the support beam 3 formed by the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 is adapted to the distance between the two corresponding connecting rods 13.

[0055] When the operator unfolds the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 to a parallel state, the horizontal plate 52 abuts against the first support rod 31. Then, a limiting block 55 is embedded between the support plate 53 and the corresponding support block 54. The limiting block 55 is fixedly connected to the first support rod 31 by the fastening nut 57 and the fastening bolt 56. The limiting block 55 limits the support plate 53, so that the first support rod 31 and the second support rod 32 remain unfolded to a parallel state.

[0056] The operator installs each support beam 3 in the same row sequentially using the method described above. After the installation of the support beams 3 is completed, the operator needs to install several baffles 6 on the side of the support beams 3 facing the central guide tunnel area 8. When installing the baffles 6, the operator adjusts the position of each connecting seat 62 on the baffle 6 so that the connecting seat 62 is aligned with the first support rod 31 or the second support rod 32. The operator tightens each positioning screw 65 so that the positioning screw 65 is pressed against the corresponding T-shaped slide rail 61, thereby fixing the position of each connecting seat 62. Then, the operator flips the clamp 64 on the connecting plate 2 so that the clamp 64 is tightened with the corresponding first support rod 31 or the second support rod 32 by bolts and nuts. By installing multiple baffles 6 to connect the support beams 3 into a whole, it is beneficial to improve the support stability of the support beams 3 for the tunnel 82.

[0057] The operator installs each baffle 6 in the same row sequentially using the method described above. During installation, the first flipping plate 71 and the second flipping plate 73 are parallel to the baffle 6, allowing the operator to insert the baffle 6 into the gap between the support beam 3 and the soil in the intermediate guide tunnel area 8. After installation, the operator adjusts the adjusting nuts 77 on each stud 76, thereby controlling the movement of the adjusting seat 74. This causes the first flipping plate 71 and the second flipping plate 73 to flip into a triangular prism formed with the baffle 6, which improves the strength of the baffle 6 and thus enhances its support effect on the soil in the intermediate guide tunnel area 8.

[0058] When the support beam 3 needs to be disassembled later, the operator first removes each baffle 6 from the corresponding support beam 3, then loosens the connecting bolts 12 and removes each base 11, thereby removing the support beam 3 from the tunnel 82 for reuse, thus reducing resource waste.

[0059] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A support structure for tunnel excavation in soft, water-rich surrounding rock, characterized in that: Includes support beams (1) cast into the perimeter wall of the tunnel (82), and several support beams (3) are provided between two adjacent pilot tunnel areas in the tunnel (82). One end of the support beam (3) is installed on the support beam (1) on the top wall of the tunnel (82), and the other end of the support beam (3) is installed on the support beam (1) on the bottom wall of the tunnel (82). The support beam (1) is fixedly connected to the base (11) at the position corresponding to the support beam (3). A connecting rod (13) is hinged on the base (11), and an adjusting rod (14) is hinged on the connecting rod (13). The adjusting rod (14) is slidably disposed on the base (11), and the base (11) is provided with a limiting component (141) for fixing the adjusting rod (14). The connecting rod (13) is detachably connected to the support beam (3). The support beam (3) includes a first support rod (31) and a second support rod (32). Both the first support rod (31) and the second support rod (32) are provided with support arms (33). The two support arms (33) are hinged to each other. Support plates (4) are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the first support rod (31) and the second support rod (32). The two support plates (4) are connected by a locking assembly (5). Both the first support rod (31) and the second support rod (32) are provided with several baffles (6) on the side facing the middle guide pit area (8). Several connecting seats (62) are provided on the baffles (6). A clamp (64) for tightening the first support rod (31) or the second support rod (32) is fixedly connected to the connecting seats (62). The baffle (6) is hinged to a first flip plate (71) on one side facing the middle guide pit area (8). A second flip plate (73) is hinged to the first flip plate (71). An adjusting seat (74) is hinged to the second flip plate (73). A stud (76) is fixedly connected to the baffle (6). The stud (76) passes through the adjusting seat (74). An adjusting nut (77) is threaded on both sides of the stud (76) and is used to push the adjusting seat (74) to move on the stud (76).

2. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ear plate (9) is fixedly connected to the support beam (3), and a column (93) is fixedly connected to the ear plate (9). The column (93) passes through the connecting rod (13), and an end plate (91) is provided on the connecting rod (13). Multiple locking bolts (92) are provided through the end plate (91), and the locking bolts (92) are threadedly connected to the column (93).

3. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting assembly (141) includes a movable seat (15) hinged to the adjusting rod (14). A groove (16) for sliding of the movable seat (15) is provided in the base (11). A connecting plate (2) is fixedly connected to the base (11). An elongated hole (21) is provided on the connecting plate (2). The length direction of the elongated hole (21) is parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat (15). A threaded rod (22) is fixedly connected to the base (11). The threaded rod (22) passes through the elongated hole (21), and a fastening nut (57) is threaded onto the elongated hole (21).

4. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base (11) is fixedly connected to a guide post (17) in the slide groove (16). The sliding direction of the guide post (17) is parallel to the sliding direction of the movable seat (15). The guide post (17) passes through the movable seat (15). The base (11) is provided with a pad (18) in the slide groove (16). The pad (18) has a groove (19) for cooperating with the guide post (17). The connecting plate (2) covers the opening of the slide groove (16) and prevents the pad (18) from leaving the slide groove (16). The elongated hole (21) is open at one end away from the movable seat (15).

5. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking assembly (5) includes a slotted plate (51) fixedly connected to the second support rod (32). The slotted plate (51) is used for the first support rod (31) to be inserted. A limiting block (55) is fixedly connected to the first support rod (31) by fastening bolts (56) and fastening nuts (57). The limiting block (55) abuts against the slotted plate (51) and restricts the slotted plate (51) from flipping in the opposite direction. A support block (54) is fixedly connected to the first support rod (31), and the support block (54) is supported on the side of the limiting block (55) away from the slotted plate (51).

6. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plug (41) is fixedly connected to the second support rod (32), and a washer (43) is fitted on the plug (41). A slot (42) for the plug (41) to be inserted is provided on the first support rod (31). A fixing bolt (36) is slidably provided through the support arm (33). A plurality of through holes (38) are provided on both the first support rod (31) and the second support rod (32). The fixing bolt (36) passes through the corresponding through hole (38), and a fixing nut (37) is threaded to one end of the fixing bolt (36) that passes through the support arm (33) and the through hole (38).

7. The tunnel excavation support structure for soft, water-rich surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the connecting seats (62) is fixedly slidably disposed on the corresponding baffle (6), and each of the connecting seats (62) is threaded with a positioning screw (65), which abuts against the baffle (6).

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