A device for sharing vertical load between a rubber air bag and a rubber stack of an air spring

Abstract

This invention discloses a device for sharing vertical loads between the rubber air bladder and rubber stack of an air spring, comprising an upper magnet and a lower magnet. The upper magnet is fixedly mounted on an upper cover plate, and the lower magnet is mounted on the top of a spindle. The adjacent ends of the upper and lower magnets have the same polarity. A distance is always maintained between the upper magnet and / or the upper cover plate and the lower magnet, at least when the upper cover plate is subjected to a downward overload impact causing it to descend, the upper magnet can experience an upward, gradually increasing magnetic repulsive force from the lower magnet. The lower end face of the upper magnet is higher than the lower bottom face of the upper cover plate. The wear plate and support plate are annular with a perforated space in the middle. The lower magnet is located in the vertical space containing the perforated space and can move up and down within the perforated space. Its advantages are: it allows the rubber air bladder and rubber stack to maintain good elasticity over a long period, thereby enabling the air spring to maintain good support and vibration damping performance over a long period; it reduces the internal pressure of the rubber air bladder, reduces the risk of air leakage, and extends the life of the rubber components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the maintenance of vibration reduction performance of train air springs, specifically to a device for sharing vertical loads between the rubber air bladder and rubber stack of an air spring, belonging to the field of vibration reduction technology for rail transit. Background Technology

[0002] An air spring mainly consists of a lower auxiliary spring and an upper rubber air bladder.

[0003] The auxiliary spring has a rigid spindle, and the outer periphery of the spindle is a stack of rubber piles that are vulcanized together with the spindle and stacked outward and upward. The rubber piles have multiple layers of metal spacers that are vulcanized together with the rubber piles from the inside out. The outer periphery of the rubber piles is a metal outer jacket that is vulcanized together with the rubber piles. The top of the metal outer jacket is a support plate.

[0004] The top of the rubber airbag is a cover plate, and the outer periphery of the bottom surface of the cover plate and the outer periphery of the metal jacket are sealed by an annular rubber bladder skin to form a rubber airbag.

[0005] The support plate is equipped with a wear plate, which is used to catch the sinking top cover plate when the rubber airbag is suddenly depressurized, and to allow the top cover plate to slide on the wear plate.

[0006] The bottom of the spindle is the mounting base for the air spring.

[0007] Air springs are installed on the bogies to support the train carriages and to provide multi-directional vibration damping during operation.

[0008] Because the auxiliary spring is located at the bottom of the rubber air bladder, it bears the entire load above the rubber air bladder, while the spindle is the support for the entire air spring.

[0009] Rubber airbags play a primary role in vibration damping within air springs, and the internal air pressure increases with the vertical load. As the air pressure changes, the airbag's outer layer continuously expands and contracts. This repeated expansion and contraction, especially under overload conditions caused by uneven road surfaces and high-speed vertical overload impacts, accelerates fatigue of the rubber outer layer, reduces its elasticity, severely impacts the train's vibration damping effect, and consequently shortens the airbag's lifespan.

[0010] The rubber body used to manufacture rubber stacks is capable of recovering its deformation under load and impact, a property utilized for vibration damping in various components. However, when applied to trains as rubber stacks supporting airbags, the rubber stacks undergo irreversible creep due to long-term heavy pressure and vertical impact. This creep is accelerated by repeated overload impacts, causing the auxiliary spring height to gradually decrease, resulting in a lower overall air spring height. To compensate for the reduced height due to the auxiliary spring's creep, a differential pressure inflation device is activated to inflate the airbag and increase its height. However, this method of compensating for height by inflating the airbag further increases the expansion pressure on the rubber bladder, making it more susceptible to fatigue and aging.

[0011] In addition, the rubber airbag is subjected to repeated overload impacts under high pressure for a long time. A direct threat is that the rubber bladder itself and the joint between the rubber bladder and the top cover and metal jacket are more likely to burst and leak air.

[0012] To address the aforementioned issues, our company has conducted a series of studies. Furthermore, through a search of relevant research in this field, we have found no studies specifically addressing these problems. Our company believes that effectively resolving the issue of increased air pressure in rubber airbags due to overload impacts is of great significance for maintaining good vibration reduction performance in trains over the long term and extending the service life of air springs. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to share the vertical load with the rubber airbag and rubber stack without affecting the horizontal stiffness of the air spring, at least to reduce the pressure and impact force borne by the rubber airbag and rubber stack under overload and overload impact, so as to maintain the good vibration damping performance of the air spring and extend its service life in the long term.

[0014] To address the above problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0015] A device for sharing vertical loads between a rubber air bladder and a rubber stack for an air spring includes an upper magnet and a lower magnet. The upper magnet is mounted and fixed on an upper cover plate, and the lower magnet is mounted on the top of a spindle. The adjacent ends of the upper and lower magnets have the same polarity. A distance is always maintained between the upper magnet and / or the upper cover plate and the lower magnet. At least when the upper cover plate is subjected to a downward overload impact and causes the upper cover plate to fall, the upper magnet can be subjected to an upward magnetic repulsive force from the lower magnet, which gradually increases in strength.

[0016] Furthermore, the lower end face of the upper magnet is higher than the lower bottom face of the upper cover plate; the wear plate and the support plate are annular, and the central area of ​​the wear plate and the central area of ​​the support plate together form a perforated space. The lower magnet is located in the vertical space where the perforated space is located, and can move up and down within the perforated space.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper top surface of the lower magnet is always lower than the upper top surface of the wear plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper magnet and the lower magnet are made of electromagnets, namely the upper electromagnet and the lower electromagnet, respectively. The upper cover plate or the support plate is provided with a distance sensor to obtain the distance information between the upper cover plate and the support plate. The distance sensor controls the on and off of the power supply of the upper electromagnet and the power supply of the lower electromagnet through the control system.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper magnet and the lower magnet are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet and the lower permanent magnet.

[0020] Furthermore, a compression spring is provided between the lower magnet and the spindle. The lower magnet is mounted on the spindle via the compression spring. When the magnitude of the downward magnetic repulsion force from the upper magnet changes, the lower magnet can move up and down relative to the spindle.

[0021] Furthermore, the upper top surface of the lower magnet is close to the lower bottom surface of the upper cover plate.

[0022] Furthermore, a cylindrical compression spring cavity with an opening facing downwards and coaxial with the mandrel is provided in the lower section of the mandrel. A guide hole with a coaxial with the mandrel is provided at the top of the mandrel above the compression spring cavity. A base that is detachably connected to the mandrel is provided at the bottom of the mandrel. A sealing ring is provided between the base and the bottom of the mandrel to seal the lower port of the compression spring cavity. The compression spring is installed in the compression spring cavity, and the bottom end of the compression spring presses on the base. A pressure rod is installed in the guide hole. The upper end of the pressure rod supports the lower magnet and presses on the compression spring.

[0023] Furthermore, the top of the pressure rod is provided with a detachable and fixed tray, and the lower magnet is mounted on the tray; the bottom of the pressure rod is fixedly connected with a pressure plate, which presses against the compression spring.

[0024] Furthermore, the upper magnet and the lower magnet are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet and the lower permanent magnet. Beneficial effects

[0025] 1. To ensure that the rubber airbag and rubber stack maintain good elasticity over a long period of time, thereby enabling the air spring to maintain good support and vibration damping performance over a long period of time;

[0026] 2. It can reduce the risk of rubber airbags bursting and leaking air. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air spring in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air spring in Example 2;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air spring in Example 3;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram after disassembling the permanent magnet, pressure rod, and compression spring.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Top cover plate; 2. Rubber airbag; 201. Airbag skin; 3. Mandrel; 301. Compression spring cavity; 302. Guide through hole; 4. Rubber stack; 5. Metal jacket; 6. Wear plate; 7. Support plate; 8. Hole-shaped space; 9. Upper electromagnet; 10. Lower electromagnet; 11. Upper permanent magnet; 12. Lower permanent magnet; 13. Distance sensor; 14. Compression spring; 15. Base; 16. Sealing ring; 17. Pressure rod; 18. Tray; 19. Pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, for ease of explanation, we divide the load borne by the air spring cover plate 1 of the train car into normal load below a certain pressure and overload load exceeding a certain pressure. Hereinafter, normal load is simply referred to as constant load, and overload load is simply referred to as overload. Furthermore, the vertical impact encountered by the cover plate 1 due to road irregularities when the train is running under constant load is called constant load impact, and the vertical impact encountered by the cover plate 1 due to road irregularities when the train is running under overload conditions is called overload impact. The maximum overload impact encountered by the cover plate 1 is called ultimate load impact. Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, a device for sharing vertical loads using a rubber air bladder and rubber stack as an air spring is described. The auxiliary spring includes a rigid spindle 3, a rubber stack 4 vulcanized integrally with the outer periphery of the spindle 3, a metal jacket 5 vulcanized integrally with the outer periphery of the rubber stack 4, a support plate 7 on top of the metal jacket 5, and a wear plate 6 on the support plate 7. The rubber air bladder 2 is located on top of the auxiliary spring, and the top of the rubber air bladder 2 is an upper cover plate 1 located above the wear plate 6. The device for sharing vertical loads using a rubber air bladder and rubber stack as an air spring includes an upper magnet and a lower magnet. The upper magnet is fixedly mounted on the upper cover plate 1, and the lower magnet is mounted on the top of the spindle 3. The adjacent ends of the upper and lower magnets have the same polarity, either both being N poles or both being S poles. At least when the upper cover plate 1 is subjected to a downward overload impact from a train carriage, causing the upper cover plate 1 to descend, the upper magnet can experience an upward, gradually increasing magnetic repulsive force from the lower magnet. A distance is always maintained between the upper magnet and / or the upper cover plate 1 and the lower magnet to ensure that the original horizontal stiffness of the rubber airbag 2 is not affected by the installation of the upper and lower magnets. In this way, when the upper cover plate 1 is under overload and encounters an overload impact, part of the pressure is shared by the magnetic repulsion force, reducing the pressure on the rubber airbag 2. At the same time, it reduces the rise and fall of the air pressure inside the rubber airbag 2 during the overload impact. This not only significantly reduces the expansion pressure on the skin 201 of the rubber airbag 2, but also reduces the range of change in the expansion pressure on the skin 201, thereby maintaining the good elasticity of the rubber airbag 2 for a long time and reducing the risk of the rubber airbag 2 bursting and leaking air. Since the lower magnet is mounted on the spindle 3, the vertical load shared by the rubber airbag 2 above it acts directly on the spindle 3 instead of on the rubber stack 4. This allows the rubber stack 4 to also share all the load above the rubber airbag 2, which can effectively delay the creep process of the rubber stack 4, which cannot recover its original shape and elasticity.

[0036] The reduction in the rise and fall of air pressure inside the rubber airbag 2 during overload impact refers to the fact that the closer the two magnets that generate magnetic repulsion are, the greater the repulsion force becomes. In other words, as the upper cover plate 1 is lowered, the upper magnet fixedly installed on the upper cover plate 1 is subjected to an upward magnetic repulsion force from the lower magnet, which rapidly increases from weak to strong. The pressure shared by the rubber airbag 2 also increases rapidly, preventing the rubber airbag 2 from being compressed significantly and preventing the air pressure inside the rubber airbag 2 from rising linearly.

[0037] The statement that the upper cover plate 1 should be lowered by the downward overload impact of the train car means that the upper cover plate 1 can also be subjected to an upward magnetic repulsive force under both normal load and overload conditions; the upper cover plate 1 can also be subjected to an upward magnetic repulsive force that increases in strength when it is lowered by a normal load impact, which will be described in detail in this embodiment and the following embodiments.

[0038] The lower end face of the upper magnet is higher than the lower bottom face of the upper cover plate 1; the wear plate 6 and the support plate 7 are annular, and the central areas of the wear plate 6 and the support plate 7 together form a perforated space 8. The lower magnet is located in the vertical space where the perforated space 8 is located and can move up and down within the perforated space 8. In this embodiment, the up and down movement of the lower magnet within the perforated space 8 is a relative movement. The lower magnet is stationary, while the wear plate 6 and the support plate 7 move up and down. The principle is that the rubber airbag 2 is pressed onto the rubber pile 4 by the metal jacket 5, and the wear plate 6 and the support plate 7 are fixed to the metal jacket 5. When the upper cover plate 1 is subjected to a vertical load impact, the force on the rubber pile 4 will change through the rubber airbag 2, causing the wear plate 6 and the support plate 7 to descend and rise. See details. Figure 2 . Figure 2 During an overload impact, the rubber airbag 2 presses down on the metal jacket 5 through the airbag skin 201, causing the rubber stack 4 to deform. The metal jacket 5, together with the upper cover plate 1, descends and gets closer to the lower magnet.

[0039] Furthermore, the top surface of the lower magnet is always lower than the top surface of the wear plate 6. This design ensures that when the rubber airbag 2 suddenly deflates, the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 1 must press against the wear plate 6 and cannot be blocked by the lower magnet.

[0040] In this embodiment, the upper magnet and the lower magnet are made of electromagnets, namely the upper electromagnet 9 and the lower electromagnet 10. A distance sensor 13 is provided on the upper cover plate 1 or the support plate 7 to obtain the distance information between the upper cover plate 1 and the support plate 7. The distance sensor 13 controls the power supply of the upper electromagnet 9 and the power supply of the lower electromagnet 10 through the control system.

[0041] Using electromagnets to make the upper and lower magnets can achieve stronger magnetism and distribute greater impact force.

[0042] To save energy, electromagnets are generally not used under normal load or under normal load impact, but only under overload conditions and when subjected to overload impact, or even only when subjected to overload impact.

[0043] In this embodiment, the lower electromagnet 10 is mounted on the spindle 3 via a tray 18.

[0044] This embodiment relates to the power line exit method of the lower electromagnet 10. The specific exit position is not shown in the figure. It is mainly considered to lead out through the hole in the upper cover plate 1, or through the hole in the metal jacket 5. However, it is necessary to implement a high-pressure resistant seal at the hole exit point. Example 2

[0045] like Figure 3As shown, the difference between this and Embodiment 1 is that the upper and lower magnets are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet 11 and the lower permanent magnet 12. Its advantages are twofold: firstly, the upper and lower magnets, being made of permanent magnets, can still achieve a large magnetic repulsion force; and secondly, since permanent magnets exist without gaps and do not rely on electricity, they can provide magnetic repulsion force in various conditions, including when the vehicle is parked, empty, or under constant load. Example 3

[0046] like Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiments one and two is that a compression spring 14 is provided between the lower magnet and the spindle 3. The lower magnet is mounted on the spindle 3 via the compression spring 14. When the magnitude of the downward magnetic repulsion force from the upper magnet changes, the lower magnet can rise and fall relative to the spindle 3. This allows the rubber airbag to flexibly share the impact load, giving the entire air spring reasonable elastic stiffness and optimal vibration damping. The top surface of the lower magnet is close to the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 1. Since the lower magnet can rise and fall via the compression spring 14, when the upper cover plate 1 descends, the lower magnet is lowered along with it due to the downward repulsion force from the upper magnet. Although the upper cover plate 1 will get closer to the lower magnet, the increasing magnetic repulsion force can maintain a certain distance between the upper cover plate and the lower magnet within a certain descent stroke. Therefore, by bringing the top surface of the lower magnet as close to the upper cover plate 1 as possible, the magnetic repulsion force between the upper and lower magnets can be maximized.

[0047] The specific design is as follows: A cylindrical compression spring cavity 301 with an opening facing downwards and coaxial with the core shaft 3 is provided in the lower section of the core shaft 3. A guide hole 302 with a coaxial with the core shaft 3 is provided at the top of the core shaft 3 above the compression spring cavity 301. A base 15 is detachably connected to the core shaft 3 at the bottom end of the core shaft 3. A sealing ring 16 is provided between the base 15 and the bottom end of the core shaft 3 to seal the lower port of the compression spring cavity 301. The compression spring 14 is installed in the compression spring cavity 301, and the bottom end of the compression spring 14 presses on the base 15. A pressure rod 17 is installed in the guide hole 302. The upper end of the pressure rod 17 supports the lower magnet and presses on the compression spring 14. A detachably fixed tray 18 is provided at the top of the pressure rod 17, and the lower magnet is installed on the tray 18. A pressure plate 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pressure rod 17, and the pressure plate 19 presses on the compression spring 14. Preferably, the upper and lower magnets are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet 11 and the lower permanent magnet 12. Compared with the advantages of Embodiment 2, this embodiment also has the advantages of more efficient and full utilization of magnetic repulsion force, and can flexibly share the impact load for the rubber airbag, so that the entire air spring has reasonable elastic stiffness and can be in the optimal vibration reduction state for a long time.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to describe the present invention more clearly, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of protection covered by the present invention. Any equivalent modifications should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for sharing vertical loads between a rubber air bladder and a rubber stack for an air spring, wherein the auxiliary spring includes a rigid spindle (3), a rubber stack (4) vulcanized integrally with the outer periphery of the spindle (3), a metal jacket (5) vulcanized integrally with the outer periphery of the rubber stack (4), a support plate (7) disposed on the top of the metal jacket (5), and a wear plate (6) disposed on the support plate (7), wherein the rubber air bladder (2) is disposed on the top of the auxiliary spring, and the top of the rubber air bladder (2) is an upper cover plate (1) located above the wear plate (6); the device for sharing vertical loads between a rubber air bladder and a rubber stack for an air spring includes an upper magnet and a lower magnet, wherein the upper magnet is mounted and fixed on the upper cover plate (1). The lower magnet is installed at the top of the mandrel (3). The polarities of the adjacent ends of the upper and lower magnets are the same. The upper magnet and / or the upper cover plate (1) and the lower magnet always maintain a distance. At least when the upper cover plate (1) is subjected to a downward overload impact and the upper cover plate (1) is lowered, the upper magnet can be subjected to an upward magnetic repulsive force from the lower magnet, which increases from weak to strong. The lower end face of the upper magnet is higher than the lower bottom face of the upper cover plate (1). The wear plate (6) and the support plate (7) are annular. The central area of ​​the wear plate (6) and the central area of ​​the support plate (7) together form a perforated space (8). The lower magnet is located in the vertical space where the perforated space (8) is located and can move up and down in the perforated space (8). The feature is that: A compression spring (14) is provided between the lower magnet and the spindle (3). The lower magnet is mounted on the spindle (3) by the compression spring (14). When the magnitude of the downward magnetic repulsion force of the upper magnet changes, the lower magnet can move up and down relative to the spindle (3).

2. The device for sharing vertical loads between a rubber air bladder and a rubber stack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the lower magnet is always lower than the top surface of the wear plate (6).

3. The device for sharing vertical load between the rubber air bladder and the rubber stack of an air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper magnet and the lower magnet are made of electromagnets, namely the upper electromagnet (9) and the lower electromagnet (10). The upper cover plate (1) or the support plate (7) is provided with a distance sensor (13) to obtain the distance information between the upper cover plate (1) and the support plate (7). The distance sensor (13) controls the power supply of the upper electromagnet (9) and the power supply of the lower electromagnet (10) through the control system.

4. The device for sharing vertical loads between the rubber air bladder and the rubber stack of an air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower magnets are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet (11) and the lower permanent magnet (12).

5. The device for sharing vertical loads between a rubber air bladder and a rubber stack for an air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the lower magnet is close to the bottom surface of the upper cover plate (1).

6. The device for sharing vertical loads between the rubber air bladder and the rubber stack of an air spring according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylindrical compression spring cavity (301) with an opening facing downward is provided in the lower section of the mandrel (3) and is coaxial with the mandrel (3). A guide hole (302) with a coaxial center line is provided at the top of the mandrel (3) above the compression spring cavity (301). A base (15) is detachably connected to the mandrel (3) at the bottom end of the mandrel (3). A sealing ring (16) is provided between the base (15) and the bottom end of the mandrel (3) to seal the lower port of the compression spring cavity (301). The compression spring (14) is installed in the compression spring cavity (301). The bottom end of the compression spring (14) presses on the base (15). A pressure rod (17) is installed in the guide hole (302). The upper end of the pressure rod (17) supports the lower magnet, and the lower end of the pressure rod (17) presses on the compression spring (14).

7. The device for sharing vertical loads between the rubber air bladder and the rubber stack of an air spring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the pressure rod (17) is provided with a detachable and fixed tray (18), and the lower magnet is installed on the tray (18); the bottom of the pressure rod (17) is fixedly connected with a pressure plate (19), which presses on the compression spring (14).

8. The device for sharing vertical loads with a rubber air bladder and rubber stack as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The upper and lower magnets are made of permanent magnets, namely the upper permanent magnet (11) and the lower permanent magnet (12).

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