An Arrangement Method and Application of Loading a Kalsom-Type Bulk Cargo Hold Cover with Containers

Abstract

The present invention provides an arrangement method and application for loading containers on the hatch covers of a Kamsarmax bulk carrier. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: obtaining the basic arrangement plan of the bulk carrier; considering the factor that the loading height of the containers on the hatch covers is restricted by the visibility of the cab, and determining the upper limit of the number of container layers on each hatch cover; considering the restrictions on the operation and passage space on the hatch covers, and determining the arrangement mode of the containers on each hatch cover; calculating the maximum allowable stacking weight of the containers based on the designed data, checking the strength of the hatch covers and hatch coamings according to the calculated container stacking weight, and adjusting the container stacking weight until the requirements are met. The present invention designs a complete set of solutions for loading containers on a bulk carrier for the hatch covers of a Kamsarmax bulk carrier, considering the hatch cover size and structural limitations, and on the premise of considering the minimum changes, from aspects such as arrangement, operation, traffic, and lighting. With the least cost, the maximum loading capacity is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship container transportation, and particularly to an arrangement method and application for loading containers on the hatch covers of Kamsarmax bulk carriers. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the shipping economy in recent years, the demand for container transportation has been increasing day by day. Containers are even in short supply. As a result, there is a shortage of container shipping capacity and soaring freight rates. Generally speaking, the main loading area of a bulk carrier is inside the cargo hold, and the deck and hatch cover surfaces are not used as loading areas. Since the demand for loading containers on bulk carriers has gradually emerged in recent years, there is no mature experience in current designs, and no complete layout plan for loading containers on hatch covers has been formed.

[0003] Patents such as the one with the publication number CN113665731A "Superstructure Moving Structure and Container Ship" are all about the setting of the superstructure including the cockpit and living areas of container ships. There is currently no example of researching and developing the loading of containers on hatch covers. The scheme of loading containers on the hatch covers of bulk carriers is rarely applied. Therefore, how to develop a convenient and feasible layout plan for containers on hatch covers, which can not only make full use of the original structure on the hatch cover, avoid large-scale modification of the hatch cover and hatch coaming, but also realize the loading of containers and meet the requirements of relevant specifications, has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, an arrangement method for loading containers on the hatch covers of Kamsarmax bulk carriers is provided. The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] An arrangement method for loading containers on the hatch covers of Kamsarmax bulk carriers includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Obtain the basic layout plan of the bulk carrier;

[0007] S2. Considering the factor that the loading height of containers on the hatch cover is restricted by the visibility of the cab, confirm the upper limit of the number of container layers on each hatch cover;

[0008] S3. Considering the restrictions on the operation and passage space on the hatch cover, confirm the arrangement method of containers on each hatch cover;

[0009] S4. Calculate the maximum allowable stacking weight of the containers based on the data designed in steps S2 and S3, check the strength of the hatch cover and hatch coaming according to the calculated container stacking weight. If the container stacking weight cannot meet the limit conditions, adjust the container stacking weight until the requirements are met.

[0010] Further, in S4, after loading the containers, the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming takes into account the green water load on the hatch cover and the cargo load of the containers, and the larger value is taken when checking the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming.

[0011] Further, in S4, the stack weight of the containers meets the following limiting conditions:

[0012] Ensure that the main structure of the hatch cover does not change due to container loading, and only local reinforcement is added;

[0013] Ensure that the driving hydraulic motor capacity of the hatch cover remains unchanged after the structural weight of the hatch cover increases;

[0014] Ensure that the force exerted by the hatch cover on the hatch coaming does not increase due to container loading, and keep the hatch coaming structure unchanged.

[0015] Further, after S4, it also includes S5, setting up a temporary lighting device and its layout method based on the designed hatch cover container layout plan to meet the illumination requirements for container loading at night.

[0016] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned layout method for loading containers on the hatch cover of a Karl Sam type bulk carrier. Containers with a preset number of layers are set in the cargo holds of the Karl Sam type bulk carrier that are not helicopter landing platforms. Among them, the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 1 is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 2 is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 3 is 2 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 5 is 3 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 6 is 4 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 7 is 4 layers.

[0017] Further, based on the main dimensions and structural layout of the existing hatch cover, the containers on the hatch cover adopt a layout form of 2 rows and 4 columns per layer.

[0018] Further, portable railing bases are provided around the hatch cover and are temporarily installed on the hatch cover when loading containers.

[0019] Further, a number of portable lamp post bases are installed on each hatch cover, and portable lamp posts are provided thereon.

[0020] At present, there is no mature technical solution for loading containers on the hatch covers of bulk carriers. In view of the hatch covers of Karl Sam type bulk carriers, according to the hatch cover size and structural limitations, and on the premise of considering the minimum changes, a complete set of solutions for loading containers on bulk carriers is designed from aspects such as layout, operation, traffic, and lighting. Through local transformation of the hatch cover structure, the requirements for loading containers on the hatch covers of Karl Sam type bulk carriers are met without affecting the strength of the hatch coaming. The key technical problems of loading containers on the hatch covers of Karl Sam type bulk carriers are solved. With the least cost, the maximum loading capacity is achieved. By adding portable railings and portable lamp brackets, it not only does not affect the loading of ordinary bulk cargo, but also meets the requirements of traffic, operation, and lighting during container loading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the design method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the stacking layers of containers on the hatch cover in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a top view of the schematic diagram of the container layout on the hatch cover in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a side view of the schematic diagram of the container layout on the hatch cover in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the base of the portable lamp post in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the portable lamp post in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an arrangement method for loading containers on the hatch covers of a Karlshamns type bulk carrier, which includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Obtain the basic layout drawing of the bulk carrier;

[0031] S2. Considering the factor that the loading height of containers on the hatch cover is restricted by the visibility of the cab, confirm the upper limit of the number of container layers on each hatch cover; specifically, the number of container layers loaded on the hatch cover is mainly determined by the visibility of the cab. After the containers are loaded, they should not be higher than the lower limit of the cab's visibility. Under this condition, the upper limit of the number of container layers on the hatch cover is between 1 and 4 layers. In this embodiment, since the hatch cover of No. 4 cargo hold is used as a helicopter landing platform and cannot be installed with container corners, no containers are loaded in No. 4 cargo hold. The design scheme of the number of container loading layers is as Figure 2 shown. The upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 1 cargo hold is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 2 cargo hold is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 3 cargo hold is 2 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 5 cargo hold is 3 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 6 cargo hold is 4 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in No. 7 cargo hold is 4 layers. The containers used in this embodiment are 20-foot standard marine containers.

[0032] S3. Considering the restrictions on the operation and passage space on the hatch cover, confirm the arrangement method of containers on each hatch cover; specifically, when loading containers on the hatch cover, the passage of personnel on the hatch cover and the operation space for lashing fittings need to be considered. According to the size of the existing hatch cover and considering the minimum change, the containers cannot cover the entire hatch cover, otherwise an additional operation platform needs to be added, which will involve major structural changes. Therefore, based on the main dimensions and structural layout of the existing hatch cover, in this embodiment, the containers on the hatch cover are arranged in a form of 2 rows and 4 columns per layer, as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown. Portable railing bases are provided around the hatch cover and are temporarily installed on the hatch cover when loading containers. A number of portable lamp post bases are installed on each hatch cover, and portable lamp posts are provided thereon. This setting method can ensure that there is enough passage and maintenance space around each container, as shown by the shaded area in Figure 2 . At the same time, by borrowing the straight ladder already set on the original hatch cover, it is convenient to reach the top of the hatch cover; portable railing bases are provided around the hatch cover and are temporarily installed when loading containers. While protecting the safety of personnel, it does not affect the loading of other bulk cargo.

[0033] When designing the hatch cover of a bulk carrier, the existing strength design of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming is mainly based on the wave loading on the hatch cover. When containers are loaded, the strength of the hatch cover also needs to consider the cargo load of the containers. Specifically, S4. Calculate the maximum allowable stacking weight of the containers based on the data designed in steps S2 and S3, and check the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming according to the calculated container stacking weight. If the container stacking weight cannot meet the limit conditions, adjust the container stacking weight until the requirements are met.

[0034] In S4, after loading the containers, the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming considers the wave loading on the hatch cover and the cargo load of the containers. The wave loading in this embodiment is obtained based on the specifications during the hatch cover design. The cargo load of the containers is the sum of the weights of the containers loaded on the hatch cover. According to the specification requirements, calculate the container load and the wave loading separately, and take the larger value when checking the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming. According to the arrangement position and stacking layers of the containers, the maximum allowable stacking weight of the containers can be calculated according to the specification requirements. Then, check the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming according to the container stacking weight. Specifically, when no containers are loaded, the structural strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming is calculated and checked based on the wave loading. Based on this structure, check whether the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming after loading the containers still meets the requirements. Based on the goal of minimum change, the container stacking weight needs to meet the following limiting conditions: The container stacking weight meets the following limiting conditions:

[0035] Ensure that the main structure of the hatch cover does not change due to the loading of the containers, and only locally add reinforcement; ensure that the driving hydraulic motor capacity of the hatch cover remains unchanged after the structural weight of the hatch cover increases; ensure that the force of the hatch cover on the hatch coaming does not increase due to the loading of the containers, and keep the hatch coaming structure unchanged. After checking, if the container stacking weight cannot meet the above limiting conditions, adjust the stacking weight until the above requirements are met. Thus, the final plan for the hatch cover to load the containers is obtained.

[0036] The lighting on the deck and hatch cover of the bulk carrier mainly relies on the floodlights on the foremast and the wing bridges on both sides of the cab, but the illuminance cannot meet the requirements for container loading. Therefore, the present invention also includes S5. Set up temporary lighting devices and their layout methods based on the designed hatch cover container layout plan to meet the illuminance requirements for container loading at night. Specifically, according to the operating area of the containers on the hatch cover and the illuminance of the selected lamps, install several bases (usually 6 - 8 are appropriate) on each hatch cover. The detailed drawings of the bases are as Figure 4 shown, and the layout plan is as Figure 2 shown. At the same time, configure a certain number of portable light poles. The detailed drawings are as Figure 5As shown (where the height H of the lamp post should be selected according to the illuminance distribution), and the lighting on the hatch cover is achieved by using the mobile cargo hold lights standardly equipped on the ship. During the day or when container operation is not required, the lamp post can be stored in the storage room. For night operation, the portable lamp post and the cargo hold lights can be installed on the hatch cover to meet the lighting requirements.

[0037] Based on the existing Karl Sam type bulk carrier, the above lighting device has the following advantages: only a few bases need to be added, with very little material required and no impact on the main structure; the number of portable lamp posts can be configured according to the needs of the shipowner, generally 2 - 3 hatches can be used simultaneously, and there is no need to configure a lamp post for each cargo hold; the existing mobile cargo hold lights on the ship can meet the usage requirements without the need to purchase additional lighting fixtures; the portable lamp posts and lighting fixtures do not affect the loading of other bulk cargo.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging the loading of a container on the hatch cover of a Kamsarmax bulk carrier, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the basic layout plan of the bulk carrier; S2. Considering the factor that the loading height of containers on the hatch cover is restricted by the visibility of the cab, confirm the upper limit of the number of container layers on each hatch cover; S3. Considering the restrictions on the operation and passage space on the hatch cover, confirm the arrangement method of containers on each hatch cover; S4. Calculate the maximum allowable stacking weight of the containers based on the data designed in steps S2 and S3, and check the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming according to the calculated container stacking weight. If the container stacking weight cannot meet the restricted conditions, adjust the container stacking weight until the requirements are met; In S4, after loading the containers, the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming considers the green water load on the hatch cover and the cargo load of the containers, and the larger value is taken when checking the strength of the hatch cover and the hatch coaming; In S4, the container stacking weight meets the following restricted conditions: Ensure that the main structure of the hatch cover does not change due to container loading, and only local reinforcement is added; Ensure that the driving hydraulic motor capacity of the hatch cover remains unchanged after the structural weight of the hatch cover increases; Ensure that the force of the hatch cover on the hatch coaming does not increase due to container loading, and keep the structure of the hatch coaming unchanged.

2. The arrangement method for loading a Karl Sam-type bulk cargo hold cover container according to claim 1, characterized in that After S4, it also includes S5. Set up temporary lighting devices and their arrangement methods based on the designed hatch cover container arrangement plan to meet the illumination requirements for container loading at night.

3. Application of the arrangement method for loading a Kalsam bulk cargo hold cover container as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, On the cargo holds of the Karlshamns type bulk carrier hatch cover that are not used for helicopter landing platforms, containers with a preset number of layers are set. Among them, the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 1 is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 2 is 1 layer; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 3 is 2 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 5 is 3 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 6 is 4 layers; the upper limit of the number of container layers set in Cargo Hold No. 7 is 4 layers.

4. The application according to claim 3, wherein Based on the main dimensions and structural layout of the existing hatch cover, the containers on the hatch cover are arranged in a form of 2 rows and 4 columns per layer.

5. The application according to claim 3, wherein Portable railing bases are provided around the hatch cover and are temporarily installed on the hatch cover when loading containers.

6. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that A number of portable lamp pole bases are installed on each hatch cover, and portable lamp poles are provided thereon.

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