Heat exchanger system

Abstract

The system may include a turbine and a regenerative heat exchanger system. The regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine. The regenerative heat exchanger system may include a precooling section for cooling the exhaust gas, a main heating section for receiving the cooled exhaust gas, and a secondary heating section for receiving the cooled exhaust gas.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Thermal power cycles typically utilize either a Brayton cycle with direct combustion from an air-breathing gas turbine or a closed Rankine cycle with indirect heating, where steam serves as the working fluid. High efficiency is achieved by combining the Brayton cycle with a bottom Rankine cycle to form a combined cycle. While combined cycle power generation can achieve high efficiency, it is not suitable for CO2 capture, and installation can be costly due to the large amount of equipment and piping work required. In some cases, supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Brayton thermal power cycles can be used for thermal power. Advantageously, supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Brayton thermal power cycles can offer reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improved carbon capture, higher efficiency, reduced footprint, and lower water consumption. However, several technical challenges must be overcome before the benefits of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Brayton thermal power cycles can be realized. In particular, the design and operation of regenerative heat exchangers for these supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Brayton thermal power cycles are areas of ongoing research and development.

[0002] The semi-closed, direct-combustion oxy-fuel Brayton cycle can be referred to as the Alam cycle or simply the Alam cycle. The Alam cycle is a method for converting fossil fuels into mechanical energy while simultaneously capturing the resulting carbon dioxide and water. Typically, the Alam cycle requires a heat exchanger and an additional low-grade external heat source to achieve efficiencies comparable to existing combined cycle-based technologies, with the significant additional benefit of CO2 capture for use or storage. The efficiency of the Alam cycle increases if the turbine operates at higher temperatures, typically above 600°C, and higher pressures, ranging from 120 to 400 bar. These conditions necessitate a heat exchange system that simultaneously requires high pressure, high temperature, and high efficiency. Typically, multiple individual heat exchange units are required and must be arranged in a network to achieve the desired regenerative heat exchange while recovering heat from an external low-grade heat source. Examples of conventional heat exchanger systems and methods can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 8,272,429; 8,596,075; 8,959,887; 10,018,115; 10,422,252; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2019 / 0063319. All patents are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Typically, heat exchanger systems can be divided into high-temperature, medium-temperature, and low-temperature sections. While it is desirable to cool the exhaust gas in the high-temperature section to a minimum temperature (e.g., a temperature consistent with the low-temperature heat source), this conflicts with the mechanical requirements for the system's drive layout, cost, and reliability. Typically, the design temperature and pressure of the high-temperature section are set by the maximum temperature and pressure, which in turn drives the mechanical requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This summary is provided to introduce the choice of concepts further described in the following detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid to limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] In one aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a system. The system may include a turbine and a regenerative heat exchanger system. The regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine. The regenerative heat exchanger system may include a pre-cooling section for cooling the exhaust gas, a main heating section for receiving the cooled exhaust gas, and a secondary heating section for receiving the cooled exhaust gas.

[0006] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method. The method may include: generating exhaust gas via a turbine; feeding the exhaust gas into a pre-cooling section of a regenerative heat exchanger system to cool the exhaust gas; splitting the cooled exhaust gas into a main flow path for feeding into a main heating section of the regenerative heat exchanger system and a secondary flow path for feeding into a secondary heating section of the regenerative heat exchanger system; in the secondary flow path, passing the cooled exhaust gas through a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger of the secondary heating section; in the main flow path, passing the cooled exhaust gas through a first main heat exchanger, a second main heat exchanger, and a third main heat exchanger of the main heating section; and providing fluid flows from the main flow path and the secondary flow path to a combustor coupled to the turbine.

[0007] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a precooling heat exchanger. The precooling heat exchanger may include a first annular shell forming a pressure boundary. The first annular shell may have an exhaust gas inlet configured to receive exhaust gas from a turbine and one or more exhaust gas outlets configured to discharge exhaust gas. The precooling heat exchanger may also include a second annular shell disposed within the first annular shell. The precooling heat exchanger may also include a tube bundle disposed within the second annular shell. Additionally, an annular distribution device may be disposed within the second annular shell, the annular distribution device being configured to control the exhaust gas flow entering the tube bundle.

[0008] In one aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a regenerative heat exchanger system. The regenerative heat exchanger system may include a precooling section within a first rigid frame, a secondary section within a third rigid frame, and a first main section within a second rigid frame. The precooling section may include one or more heat exchangers to receive and cool exhaust gases. The secondary section may include a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The first main section may include a first main heat exchanger, a second main heat exchanger, and a third main heat exchanger.

[0009] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method. The method may include: cooling exhaust gas with a pre-cooling section within a first rigid frame; diverting the exhaust gas via a manifold positioned outside the first rigid frame to flow into a first main section within a second rigid frame, a second main section within a third rigid frame, and a sub-section within a third rigid frame; in the sub-sections, causing the exhaust gas to flow through a first heat exchanger of the sub-section via one or more tortuous flow loops and to a second heat exchanger of the sub-section; in the first main section, causing the exhaust gas to flow through a first main heat exchanger of the first main section via one or more tortuous flow loops. The exhaust gas flows through the first main heat exchanger of the first main section and then to the third main heat exchanger of the first main section; in the second main section, the exhaust gas flows through the first main heat exchanger of the second main section via one or more tortuous flow loops and then to the second main heat exchanger of the second main section, and then to the third main heat exchanger of the second main section; the exhaust gas flows through the second tortuous flow loop from the second heat exchanger, the third main heat exchanger of the first main section and the third main heat exchanger of the second main section to the exhaust manifold.

[0010] In one aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a heat exchanger system comprising a rigid frame. A first heat exchanger may be coupled to a first support structure on top of the rigid frame. A second heat exchanger may be positioned below the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be coupled to a second support structure, which is suspended from the rigid frame via a first set of tethers configured to move the second support structure vertically and horizontally. A second set of tethers may be connected to the second support structure and extend downward to suspend a support beam. A third set of tethers may be connected to the support beam and extend downward to suspend a third support structure, which may be configured to move the third support structure vertically and horizontally. A third heat exchanger may be coupled to the third support structure. The vertical and horizontal movement of the second support structure may be based on the thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger. The vertical and horizontal movement of the third support structure may be based on the thermal expansion of the third heat exchanger.

[0011] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a heat exchanger system comprising a rigid frame. A first heat exchanger may be coupled to a first support structure on top of the rigid frame. A second heat exchanger may be positioned below the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be coupled to a second support structure. The second support structure may be suspended from the rigid frame via a first set of tethers. The first set of tethers may be configured to move the second support structure vertically and horizontally. The vertical and horizontal movement of the second support structure may be based on the thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger.

[0012] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a heat exchanger system comprising a rigid frame. A first support structure can be suspended from the rigid frame via a first set of tethers having one end connected to the rigid frame and the other end connected to the first support structure. The first set of tethers can be configured to move the first support structure vertically and horizontally. A first heat exchanger can be coupled to the first support structure. A second set of tethers can be connected to the first support structure and extend downward to suspend a support beam. A third set of tethers can be connected to the support beam and extend downward to suspend a second support structure. The third set of tethers can be configured to move the second support structure vertically and horizontally. A second heat exchanger can be coupled to the second support structure. The vertical and horizontal movement of the first support structure can be based on the thermal expansion of the first heat exchanger. The vertical and horizontal movement of the second support structure can be based on the thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger.

[0013] Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a power generation system according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a regenerative heat exchanger system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a precooling heat exchanger according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4A and Figure 4B A perspective view of a regenerative heat exchanger system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 4C One or more embodiments according to this disclosure are shown. Figure 4A and Figure 4B Side view of a regenerative heat exchanger system.

[0019] Figure 4D One or more embodiments according to this disclosure are shown. Figure 4A and Figure 4B A top view of a regenerative heat exchanger system.

[0020] Figure 5A A side view of a heat exchanger system according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 5B It is based on one or more implementations of this disclosure. Figure 5A Side view of the heat exchanger hanger system.

[0022] Figures 6 to 9 It is based on Figure 5A A side view of a heat exchanger system of one or more alternative implementations. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For consistency, the same elements in the various drawings may be indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description to provide a more thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description. As used herein, the terms “connected” or “linked to” or “connected to” or “attached to” may indicate the establishment of a direct or indirect connection, and are not limited to either, unless expressly stated otherwise. As used herein, a fluid may refer to a slurry, liquid, gas, and / or mixture thereof. Where possible, similar or identical reference numerals are used in the drawings to identify similar or identical elements. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and for clarity, certain features and views in the drawings may be shown enlarged to scale.

[0024] In one aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to power generation systems for power generation, petrochemical plants, waste heat recovery, and other industrial applications. In this disclosure, the power generation system may also be interchangeably referred to as a regenerative heat exchanger system as a network or component of a heat exchanger. Furthermore, the regenerative heat exchanger system may include a precooling section to reduce turbine exhaust gas temperature. Regenerative heat exchanger systems can minimize the life-cycle cost of the heat exchanger, which is crucial for efficient regenerative heat exchange under high pressure and high heat effects. In some embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger system can be used in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) power cycles, such as the Alam cycle.

[0025] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to regenerative heat exchanger systems for power generation, petrochemical plants, waste heat recovery, and other industrial applications. In this disclosure, a regenerative heat exchanger system may also be interchangeably referred to as a network or component of a heat exchanger. Furthermore, a regenerative heat exchanger system may include a precooling section to reduce turbine exhaust gas temperature. Regenerative heat exchanger systems can minimize the life-cycle cost of heat exchangers, which is crucial for efficient regenerative heat exchange under high pressure and high heat effects. In some embodiments, regenerative heat exchanger systems can be used in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) power cycles, such as the Alam cycle.

[0026] In another aspect, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to heat exchanger systems for power generation, petrochemical plants, waste heat recovery, and other industrial applications. In this disclosure, the term "heat exchanger system" may also be interchangeably referred to as a network or assembly of heat exchangers. Furthermore, the heat exchanger system may include a heat exchanger hanger system to minimize expansion stresses caused by thermal expansion of the heat exchanger and interconnecting piping. The heat exchanger hanger system can minimize the life-cycle cost of the heat exchanger, which is critical for efficient regenerative heat exchange under high pressure and high heat effects. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger hanger system can be used in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) power cycles, such as the Alam cycle.

[0027] The regenerative heat exchanger system according to embodiments of this document may include a combination of printed circuit (PCHE) and shell-and-tube (STHE) heat exchangers. For example, a regenerative heat exchanger system may include a precooling section, a main heating section (recirculation heating), and a secondary heating section (oxidant heating). In some embodiments, the heat recovery section may optionally be connected to the main heating section and / or the secondary heating section.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger system may use a heat exchanger network that combines parallel sections for heating high-pressure gas in a secondary section and high-pressure gas in a primary section. The secondary section may consist of oxygen-containing CO2 (oxidant), and the primary section may consist of the remainder of recirculated CO2 (recycled CO2). The two parallel sections may have substantially different temperature distributions. In a non-limiting example, the primary section (approximately 75% of the total flow, in the range of 51-90%) may be heated to a lower temperature than the secondary section. The secondary section may first be heated to an intermediate temperature of approximately 440°C (in the range of 350-550°C) before precooling the entire high-temperature exhaust gas stream from a high temperature of approximately 600°C (in the range of 550-850°C) to a sufficiently low temperature to avoid significant mechanical design constraints, particularly below 575°C. When diffusion-bonded PCHE is used and manufactured from austenitic stainless steel, particularly alloy 316 / 316L, the 575°C limit can represent a mechanical design constraint. PCHE alloy 316 blocks may require allowable stresses determined by time-dependent (creep) properties at temperatures above 575°C. Furthermore, a heat recovery section can be provided in a regenerative heat exchanger system. This heat recovery section can add heat, such as lower heating values, at temperatures below the combustion temperature.

[0029] Conventional power generation systems in industrial applications are typically very large and bulky. A typical system can include extensive piping layouts and arrangements, requiring significant space and each component weighing several tons. In some cases, large heat exchangers are connected in series and may include complex bends or orientation variations. Additionally, large manifolds are required to introduce fluid into the heat exchangers and when fluid exits them. Such systems can be heavy and, due to the large number of parts and components, can also be expensive to manufacture. For example, stress loops are used to regulate the expansion of piping within the system. The additional piping required for these stress loops, which connect the various manifolds and heat exchangers, increases the weight, installation cost, and overall cost of the power generation system.

[0030] Therefore, one or more embodiments of this disclosure can be used to overcome these challenges and provide additional advantages over conventional power generation systems, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In one or more embodiments, regenerative heat exchanger systems can be lighter and less expensive than conventional power generation systems, partly due to minimizing creep fatigue / loss, separate oxidizer and recirculation sections allowing for the control of fluid flow diversion with one or more cryogenic valves, and the elimination of exhaust fluid from the turbine without requiring a balance vessel to be placed between the turbine and the regenerative heat exchanger. Furthermore, regenerative heat exchanger systems can improve reliability and performance over thousands of hours, even when some components are subjected to high pressure, high temperature, and operating cycles. In summary, regenerative heat exchanger systems can minimize product engineering, risks associated with flow loop manufacturing, reduce assembly time, lower hardware costs, and reduce weight and enclosure.

[0031] Go to Figure 1A , Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a power generation system 100 according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure is shown. In one or more embodiments, a turbine 101 may be powered by a fuel source 102 via a combustor 103. As is known in the art, a turbine, such as turbine 101, can be a structure for extracting energy from a fluid flow and converting the fluid flow into useful work (e.g., for driving a generator to produce electricity), and is generally a rotating device having other components (i.e., a rotor, stator, and / or turbine blades) having various functions related to the generation or conversion of mechanical energy. Note that the turbine 101 in one or more embodiments may be configured as a gas turbine or a steam turbine. The combustor 103 may be a component of the turbine 101 in which combustion occurs, such as a combustion chamber. Additionally, an oxygen supply 112 may be provided to deliver oxygen to the combustor 103. As is known to those skilled in the art, turbine 101 may produce exhaust gas 104. Exhaust gas 104 may be fed into a regenerative heat exchanger system 105 (see dashed square) to form a turbine exhaust gas flow.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 may include a precooling section 200, a main heating section 301, and a secondary heating section 302. In some embodiments, the main heating section 301 may be a recirculation heating section, and the secondary heating section 302 may be an oxidant heating section. The precooling section 200 may be a high-temperature precooler with a shell-and-tube configuration, wherein the shell may be combined with an annular distributor. Both the main section 301 and the secondary section 302 may include at least two heat exchangers vertically stacked on top of each other to form a vertical modular heat exchanger stack.

[0033] Still referencing Figure 1AAll exhaust gas 104 leaving the turbine can be fed into a precooling section 200. The precooling section 200 can cool the exhaust gas 104 relative to the high-pressure gas of the secondary section to be heated, and preferably relative to the oxidant flow, before redistributing the exhaust gas 104 to separate parallel columns (e.g., main section 301 and secondary section 302). In this way, the exhaust gas 104 can be directly cooled before entering the main section 301 and secondary section 302, resulting in significant cost savings and increased reliability. Furthermore, a manifold 205 can optionally be used to divert the cooled exhaust gas 104 into flows entering the main section 301 and secondary section 302. The cooled exhaust gas 104 can be diverted into a main flow path 131 into the main section 301 and a secondary flow path 130 into the secondary section 302. Additionally, one or more valves 106 can be used to balance the diversion of the exhaust gas flow 104 from the main section 301 and secondary section 302. Furthermore, flow resistance can be provided in both the main section 301 and the secondary section 302 to balance the flow of exhaust gas 104. Additionally, the flow can exit the main section 301 via streamline 133, and the flow can exit the secondary section 302 via streamline 132. In some embodiments, one or more valves 106 can be provided on streamline 132.

[0034] In some embodiments, the heat recovery system may be operatively coupled to the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. The heat recovery system can add heat at temperatures below the combustion temperature. Other examples of heat recovery systems include, but are not limited to, adding heat (via a low-grade heat source 108) directly or indirectly to the turbine exhaust gas flow, recovering heat from an air separation unit (ASU) coupled to a compressor (not shown), or recovering heat from a recirculated gas compressor discharged from a compressor (not shown). In a non-limiting example, flow line 134 from pump 111 may be fed into a secondary section 302, while flow line 135 from pump 111 may be fed into a main section 301. Furthermore, separator 109 may separate liquid condensate from the exhaust gas, allowing collection of liquid condensate 109a. Additionally, compressor 110 may be coupled to separator 109. Additionally, discharge flow line 138 may be provided from pump 111 for the product carbon dioxide (CO2) to leave the power generation system 100. In some embodiments, the heat recovery system may be integrated into the main section 301. It is also conceivable that a series of manifolds within the recirculation and heat recovery sections could be used to redistribute the recirculated high-pressure carbon dioxide and provide drawpoints for various turbine cooling flows that may be required. Furthermore, a first return line 136 from the main section 301 and a second return line 137 from the secondary section 302 could be used to supply fluid flows from the main section 301 and the secondary section 302 to the combustor 103.

[0035] Now for reference Figure 1B This illustrates another embodiment of the power generation system 100 according to the embodiments described herein, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. Figure 1B The implementation plan is similar to Figure 1A The implementation scheme is described above. However, instead of just one heat exchanger, both main section 301 and secondary section 302 may each include two or more vertical modular heat exchanger stacks in series. The PCHE block can have a maximum size based on the plate size that can be accommodated within the diffusion welding furnace; therefore, having more than one vertical modular heat exchanger stack may be advantageous. In some implementations, it may be necessary to redistribute the high-pressure flow between main section 301 and the heat recovery section; therefore, having more than one vertical modular heat exchanger stack may be advantageous.

[0036] Figure 2 A close-up schematic diagram of a regenerative heat exchanger system 105 according to an embodiment of this document is shown, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. As indicated by arrow 104, exhaust gas leaving the turbine can enter the precooling section 200 via one or more delivery pipes. In a non-limiting example, four nominally identical delivery pipes may be used to deliver the exhaust gas (arrow 104) to the precooling section 200. Note that any number of delivery pipes may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the precooling section 200 may include one or more shell-and-tube heat exchangers (“STHEs”) 201. The STHEs ​​201 of the precooling section 200 may be made of a material selected from Inconel materials (e.g., Alloy 625 or Alloy 617) or similar materials that are not affected by time-dependent properties at the highest temperature. One or more delivery pipes may be connected to the shell side 202 of the STHE 201. In a non-limiting example, each STHE 201 may have one delivery pipe connected thereto. On the tube side 203 of the STHE 201, the STHE 201 may receive fluid flows (e.g., oxidant fluids) from the subsections (302a, 302b). In some embodiments, the mass heat capacity (e.g., mass flow rate × specific heat capacity) of the tube-side fluid of the STHE 201 may be lower than the mass heat capacity of the exhaust gas (arrow 104) entering the STHE 201 on the shell side 202. Due to the low mass heat capacity of the oxidant fluid on the pipe side, the temperature change of the exhaust gas can be small (e.g., 15-50°C), while the temperature change of the oxidant flow can be large (e.g., 100-200°C). It is also conceivable that STHE 201 may include a heated oxidant outlet 204 for oxidant flow exit. Exhaust gas can enter manifold 205 from STHE 201 to divert the exhaust gas flow.

[0038] In some implementations, manifold 205 can split exhaust gas into different flow paths. In a non-limiting example, manifold 205 splits exhaust gas into two flow paths, such as a secondary exhaust gas flow 206 and a main exhaust gas flow 207.

[0039] In the secondary stream 206, the exhaust gas flows through a sub-section having a primary heat exchanger 302a and a secondary heat exchanger 302b. The primary heat exchanger 302a and the secondary heat exchanger 302b can be printed circuit heat exchangers (“PCHE”), coiled heat exchangers, microtube heat exchangers, diffusion-combined heat exchangers using stamped fins in addition to etched plates, or any other type of heat exchanger. Furthermore, both the primary heat exchanger 302a and the secondary heat exchanger 302b can be constructed from suitable materials, such as dual-certified stainless steel 316 / 316L. Additionally, the primary heat exchanger 302a can operate at a higher temperature than the secondary heat exchanger 302b. Furthermore, the exhaust gas can be used to preheat the secondary stream 134 to 350-500°C. In some embodiments, both the primary heat exchanger 302a and the secondary heat exchanger 302b can be used for oxidant heating.

[0040] In the main exhaust gas flow channel 207, the exhaust gas flows through a main section having a first main heat exchanger 301a, a second main heat exchanger 301b, and a third main heat exchanger 301c. Each main heat exchanger 301a, 301b, and 301c can be a printed circuit heat exchanger (“PCHE”), a coiled heat exchanger, a microtube heat exchanger, a diffusion-combined heat exchanger using stamped fins in addition to etched plates, or any other type of heat exchanger. Furthermore, the first main heat exchanger 301a can operate at the highest temperature in the main section, while the third main heat exchanger 301c can operate at the lowest temperature in the main section. The second main heat exchanger 301b can operate at a temperature between that of the first main heat exchanger 301a and the third main heat exchanger 301c. Additionally, each main heat exchanger 301a, 301b, and 301c can be constructed of dual-certified stainless steel 316 / 316L. Furthermore, the exhaust gas mainstream 207 can be used to preheat mainstream 135 to 520–650°C. In some embodiments, each main heat exchanger 301a, 301b, 301c can be used to heat the recirculated CO2. Additionally, the second stream 304 can be used to provide a cooling flow to the turbine. In a non-limiting example, the cooling flow can be the recirculated gas exiting 107a or 301b. In some cases, the temperature of the cooling flow may not match the desired turbine coolant temperature. To match the desired turbine coolant temperature, hot or cold gas can be added to the cooling flow to raise or lower the temperature to match the desired turbine coolant temperature. In some embodiments, the cooling flow can be a blend of the recirculated flow exiting 107a or 301b and the higher-temperature recirculated flow exiting 301a.

[0041] In some implementations, the flow balance of the exhaust gases between the sub-sections (302a, 302b) and the main sections (301a, 301b, 301c) can be controlled by flow resistance in the sub-sections (302a, 302b) and the main sections (301a, 301b, 301c). In a non-limiting example, one or more valves at the outlet (i.e., the cold end) of the sub-sections (302a, 302b) can be used for flow balancing.

[0042] In heat recovery stream 208, recirculated exhaust gas or separate low-grade heat stream can be used to add heat at temperatures below the combustion temperature via first recovery heat exchanger 107a and second recovery heat exchanger 107b. In some embodiments, the recirculated exhaust gas can be exhaust gas that has been reheated and recirculated through heat recovery sections 107a and 107b. First recovery heat exchanger 107a and second recovery heat exchanger 107b can be printed circuit heat exchangers (“PCHE”), coiled heat exchangers, microtube heat exchangers, diffusion-combined heat exchangers using stamped fins in addition to etched plates, or any other type of heat exchanger. Furthermore, both first recovery heat exchanger 107a and second recovery heat exchanger 107b can be constructed from suitable materials, such as dual-certified stainless steel 316 / 316L. Additionally, first recovery heat exchanger 107a can operate at higher temperatures than second recovery heat exchanger 107b. In some implementations, the first recovery heat exchanger 107a and the second recovery heat exchanger 107b can be integrated into the second main heat exchanger 301b and the third main heat exchanger 301c, respectively.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, the precooling section 200 can cool the exhaust gas. In a non-limiting example, the exhaust gas 104 can be precooled to a temperature of 575°C. By precooling the exhaust gas 104 to 575°C, the available temperature difference of the first main heat exchanger 301a can be reduced. This can be compensated for by using additional heat transfer surface area or by increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient. The product of the overall heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer surface area can be called UA, which is equal to the heat load divided by the average temperature difference LMTD, which can be calculated from the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot and cold flows. The UA value of the heat exchanger can be related to the cost of the heat exchanger. By including the precooling section 200 in the regenerative heat exchanger system 105, the required UA can be increased by approximately 15% overall. However, the cost difference between the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section (e.g., the cost / UA value) can reduce the total cost of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. In non-limiting examples, the cost / UA value of a system above 575°C can be more than 30% higher than that of a system below 575°C. The regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can provide a lower cost / UA value by increasing the expected lifespan of the equipment and reducing material usage, attributed to the higher allowable stress of heat exchangers below 575°C. Although the Inconel material in the precooling section 200 may be a more expensive material, the relatively small amount required due to the higher LMTD in the precooling section 200 reduces the required UA.

[0044] The embodiments described herein for operating a regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can be implemented on a computing system. Any combination of mobile, desktop, server, router, switch, embedded device, or other types of hardware can be used with the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. For example, the computing system may include one or more computer processors, non-persistent memory (e.g., volatile memory such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory), persistent memory (e.g., hard disk, optical drive such as an optical disc (CD) drive or digital versatile disc (DVD) drive, flash memory, etc.), communication interfaces (e.g., Bluetooth interface, infrared interface, network interface, optical interface, etc.), and many other elements and functions. It is also contemplated that software instructions in the form of computer-readable program code for performing embodiments of this disclosure may be stored, wholly or partially, temporarily or permanently on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a CD, DVD, storage device, disk, magnetic tape, flash memory, physical memory, or any other computer-readable storage medium. For example, the software instructions may correspond to computer-readable program code that, when executed by a processor, is configured to perform one or more embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, a precooling heat exchanger can be used in a regenerative heat exchanger system. The precooling heat exchanger can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (“STHE”) for distributing exhaust gas from the turbine. In some embodiments, instead of an STHE, the precooling heat exchanger can be a printed circuit heat exchanger (“PCHE”), a coiled heat exchanger, a microtube heat exchanger, a diffusion-combined heat exchanger using stamped fins in addition to etched plates, or any other type of heat exchanger. The precooling heat exchanger can then directly feed exhaust gas into the heat exchanger, thereby eliminating the need for a large, high-temperature exhaust manifold. In a non-limiting example, an STHE can replace a large, high-temperature exhaust manifold, allowing the turbine exhaust gas to be directly cooled before entering the secondary (oxidant flow) section and the primary (recirculation flow) section of the regenerative heat exchanger system. In some embodiments, the pressure components of the precooling heat exchanger can be made of a material selected from Inconel materials (e.g., Alloy 625 or Alloy 617) or similar materials that are not affected by time-dependent properties at the highest temperature. The internal components of the precooling heat exchanger 500, which is a non-pressure component, can be made of stainless steel or similar materials.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, fluid may enter at the center and split into two streams (one to the right and the other to the left). The fluid may exit the heat exchanger through two or more separate outlets. These streams may then merge again outside the heat exchanger via a piping system. In some embodiments, fluid may enter, merge, and ultimately exit in a single outlet nozzle at two or more points. Large pressure drops can cause pipe vibration, which can damage the pipes and shell. Therefore, splitting the flow within the heat exchanger can reduce the risk of damage due to vibration and can reduce the pressure drop associated with the heat exchange system.

[0047] In some implementations, the heat exchanger can be a bi-flow exchanger. This means that the heat exchanger can have two regions where the flows are separated and then recombined, as well as two support plates. A split-shell design can be used when a low pressure drop is required. Furthermore, in a split-shell design, there may be no baffles, and a single support plate is mounted at the center of the shell.

[0048] refer to Figure 3 In one or more implementation schemes, Figure 3The precooling heat exchanger 500 is shown to have two annular shells 501 and 502 and a distributor section 513. The first annular shell 501 may be an outer shell forming a pressure boundary. Furthermore, the first annular shell 501 may include an exhaust gas inlet 503, which may be disposed on the shell side 504 to receive exhaust gas from the turbine. A delivery pipe can be connected from the turbine to the exhaust gas inlet 503. Additionally, at the end of the precooling heat exchanger 500, a fixed head passage 505 with an inlet 506 and an outlet 507 may be provided. A splitter 508 may be disposed on the fixed head passage 505 to divert the flow between the inlet 506 and the outlet 507. The inlet 506 may be used to receive oxidant from the subsection. It is also conceivable that one or more exhaust outlets 515 may be disposed on the shell side 504 for discharging exhaust gas.

[0049] Still referencing Figure 3 The second annular shell 502 may be an inner shell or shroud surrounding the tube bundle 509, having two or more tube-side passages. The tube bundle 509 may be a U-shaped tube bundle. A support plate 511 is provided to support the weight of the tube bundle 509 and prevent overload of the tube-to-tube sheet and channel 505 assembly connections. In some embodiments, the large difference between the flow velocities on the shell side 504 and the tube side 509 means that multiple passages can be used to maintain reasonable tube-side 509 velocities and heat transfer coefficients. Additionally, an annular distributor 513 can replace the function of an exhaust manifold by progressively slowing the exhaust flow and providing a controlled inlet to the tube bundle 509. The annular distributor may be provided with rectangular or elliptical slots and have an opening area that decreases with distance from the inlet 503. Furthermore, the tube bundle 509 may have rod-shaped or grid-type baffles to support the tubes and arranged on a baffle ring 514, instead of conventional fan-shaped baffles. It is also conceivable that an insulating body 517 may be provided between various internal components within the precooling heat exchanger 500.

[0050] Now for reference Figure 4A In one or more implementation schemes, Figure 4AA perspective view of a regenerative heat exchanger system 105 is shown. The various components of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can be mounted in a top-down configuration within one or more rigid frames (120, 121, 122, 123). The top-down configuration can have an arrangement where the components of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 operating at the highest temperature are located in the most vertically upward position, while the components of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 operating at the lowest temperature are located in the most vertically downward position. In a non-limiting example, a precooling section 200 can be within a first rigid frame 120, a first main section 301 can be within a second rigid frame 121, a second main section 305 can be within a third rigid frame 122, and a secondary section 302 can be within a fourth rigid frame 123. Each rigid frame 120, 121, 122, 123 can be made of a plurality of vertically oriented structural members 124 and a plurality of horizontally oriented structural members 125. In a non-limiting example, a plurality of vertically oriented structural members 124 and a plurality of horizontally oriented structural members 125 may be interconnected to form a rectangular frame surrounding various components of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. It is also conceivable that, without departing from the scope of the invention, the plurality of vertically oriented structural members 124 and the plurality of horizontally oriented structural members 125 may be at any angle. The plurality of vertically oriented structural members 124 and the plurality of horizontally oriented structural members 125 may be made of metallic materials, such as steel, stainless steel, iron, or any other type of metal.

[0051] In some embodiments, the precooling section 200 may include one or more shell-and-tube heat exchangers (“STHEs”) 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d within the first rigid frame 120. In a non-limiting example, the first STHE 201a, the second STHE 201b, the third STHE 201, and the fourth STHE 201d may be positioned in parallel. Furthermore, all four STHEs ​​201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d may operate at substantially the same temperature. It should also be noted that, although in Figure 4AFour STHEs ​​201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d are shown, but this is for illustrative purposes only, and any number of STHEs ​​can be used without departing from the present scope of this disclosure. All four STHEs ​​201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d can be made of a material selected from Inconel materials (e.g., Alloy 625 or Alloy 617) or similar materials that are not affected by time-dependent properties at the highest design operating temperature. Additionally, a precooling inlet 209 can be provided on each STHE 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d to receive exhaust gas from the turbine. Each precooling inlet 209 can have a delivery pipe connected to the turbine, such that the number of delivery pipes can be matched to the number of STHEs. Furthermore, an outlet 204 can be provided on each STHE 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d to allow heated oxidant to exit the precooling section 200.

[0052] On each STHE 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, an inlet 212 may be provided to allow heated oxidant to enter the precooling section 200 from the subsection 302. In a non-limiting example, an oxidant manifold 211 may be provided between the subsection 301 and the precooling section 200. An oxidant flow line 212 may connect from the oxidant manifold 211 and the subsection 302 to the inlet 210 of each STHE 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d. Furthermore, an oxidant inlet 306 may be provided in a fourth rigid frame 123 to allow oxidant flow to the subsection 302. Additionally, on the pipe side, exhaust gas exits each STHE 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d to enter the manifold 205 via a flow pipe 213. Manifold 205 may be located outside one or more rigid frames (120, 121, 122, 123) and positioned downstream of precooling section 200 relative to the exhaust flow.

[0053] In some embodiments, manifold 205 can be used to divert exhaust gas to sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305. Flow loop 214 can be used as a conduit for allowing exhaust gas to flow from manifold 205 to sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305. In a non-limiting example, flow loop 214 can extend from manifold 205 to a separate heat exchanger (301a, 302a, 305a) in each sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305.

[0054] In subsection 302, exhaust gas flows through flow loop 214 to the first heat exchanger 302a and then to the second heat exchanger 302b. In a non-limiting example, one or more curved flow loops 215 may serve as conduits for exhaust gas to flow from the first heat exchanger 302a to the second heat exchanger 302b. Furthermore, a second curved flow loop 216 may be used to allow exhaust gas to flow from the second heat exchanger 302b to the exhaust manifold 217 of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. Additionally, the second curved flow loop 216 may be equipped with one or more flow balancing valves 218. Using a top-down configuration, the first heat exchanger 302a can operate at a higher temperature than the second heat exchanger 302b. In one or more embodiments, the uppermost exchanger can withstand higher temperatures, thus the uppermost exchanger is important for maintenance and inspection. Additionally, the uppermost heat exchanger can expand as freely as possible without being compressed due to its connection with other heat exchangers.

[0055] refer to Figure 4B In one or more embodiments, it is shown that from Figure 2 A perspective view of a regenerative heat exchanger system 105 obtained by rotating A 90 degrees counterclockwise. In the first main section 301, exhaust gas flows through flow loop 214 to the first heat exchanger 301a, then to the second heat exchanger 301b, and then to the third recirculation heat exchanger 301c. In a non-limiting example, one or more curved flow loops 306 may be used as conduits to allow exhaust gas to flow from the first heat exchanger 301a to the second heat exchanger 301b. Furthermore, a second curved flow loop may be used to allow exhaust gas to flow from the second heat exchanger 301b to the third heat exchanger 301c. Additionally, a flow tube 308 may be used to allow exhaust gas to flow from the third recirculation heat exchanger 302c to the exhaust manifold 217. Using a top-down configuration, the first heat exchanger 301a can operate at the highest temperature, while the third heat exchanger 302b can operate at the lowest temperature. The second heat exchanger 301b can operate at a temperature between the first heat exchanger 301a and the third heat exchanger 301c.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the second main section 305 may have the same arrangement as the first main section 302. For example, exhaust gas flows through flow loop 214 to the first heat exchanger 305a, then to the second heat exchanger 305b, and then to the third heat exchanger 305c. Furthermore, one or more curved flow loops 309 may be used as conduits to allow exhaust gas to flow from the first heat exchanger 305a to the second heat exchanger 305b. Additionally, the second curved flow loop (see...) Figure 4CHeat exchanger 310 can be used to direct exhaust gas from the second heat exchanger 305b to the third heat exchanger 305c. Furthermore, flow pipe 311 can be used to direct exhaust gas from the third heat exchanger 305c to the exhaust manifold 217. Using a top-down configuration, the first heat exchanger 305a can operate at the highest temperature, while the third heat exchanger 305c can operate at the lowest temperature. The second heat exchanger 305b can operate at a temperature between that of the first heat exchanger 305a and the third heat exchanger 305c.

[0057] Still referencing Figure 4B The heat recovery section 107 can be connected to the first main section 301 and the second main section 305 via a heat recovery pipe 312. The heat recovery pipe 312 can be disposed between the first heat exchangers 301a, 305a and the second heat exchangers 301b, 305b, and between the second heat exchangers 301b, 305b and the third heat exchangers 301c, 305c of the first main section 301 and the second main section 305. It is also conceivable that a recirculated CO2 inlet 313 can be provided at the bottom of the first main section 301 and the second main section 305. From the recirculated CO2 inlet 313, recirculated CO2 can pass through a recirculated CO2 manifold (see...). Figure 2 C(315) proceeds to be redistributed to the third heat exchangers 301c, 305c, the second heat exchangers 301b, 305b and the first heat exchangers 301a, 305a, thereby being heated, and then leaves through the heat recirculation CO2 manifold 314.

[0058] Now for reference Figure 4C One or more embodiments of this disclosure are shown Figure 4A and Figure 4B A side view of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. (See attached image.) Figure 4C As shown, the first rigid frame 120 of the precooling section 200 can be connected to the first main section (see...). Figure 4A and Figure 4B The second rigid frame of (301) (see) Figure 4A and Figure 4B 121), the third rigid frame of the second main section 305 (see ...). Figure 4A and Figure 4B The first rigid frame 120 and the fourth rigid frame 123 of the second rigid frame 302 are separated by a distance D. In a non-limiting example, the manifold 205 may be positioned in the space formed by the distance D between the first rigid frame 120 and the other rigid frames (121, 122, 123). Furthermore, the height H of the first rigid frame 120 may be less than the height H' of the other rigid frames (121, 122, 123).

[0059] In one or more embodiments, the curved flow loops 215, 309 and the second curved flow loops 216, 310 in each of the sub-segment 302, the first main segment (301), and the second main segment 305 may have portions extending out of the corresponding rigid frames (121, 122, 123). In this configuration, the curved flow loops and the second curved flow loops are more flexible than linear connections and can expand with minimal constraint.

[0060] Now for reference Figure 4D One or more embodiments of this disclosure are shown Figure 4A and Figure 4B A top view of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. (See attached image.) Figure 4D As shown, the width W of the first rigid frame 120 can be equal to the width W' of the second rigid frame 121, the third rigid frame 122, and the fourth rigid frame 123. The second rigid frame 121 can be separated from the third rigid frame 122 by a distance D'. The third rigid frame 122 can be separated from the fourth rigid frame 123 by a distance D'". In a non-limiting example, the distance D' can be greater than the distance D'. Figure 4C and Figure 4D An example of how each rigid frame (120, 121, 122, 123) can have various dimensions (height and width) so that the components of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can be easily positioned adjacent to each other to allow for fluid connection.

[0061] like Figures 4A to 4D As shown, in one or more embodiments, the various components (precooling section 200, sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305) of a top-down regenerative heat exchanger system 105 allow for a modular and compact system. By having a top-down configuration, the footprint of the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can be significantly smaller than that of a conventional linear system installed in the same class. In a non-limiting example, the footprint of the entire regenerative heat exchanger system 105 could be approximately 11 feet by 14 feet. It is also contemplated that the footprint could be of any size without departing from this disclosure. Furthermore, the footprint can be based on operational and transportation requirements, such as specific route considerations, due to bridge height and size limitations based on truck, rail, and ship lengths.

[0062] Furthermore, the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 allows high-temperature piping to and from the turbine to be delivered without degradation. Additionally, each precooling section 200, sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305 can be configured as a modular and compact design to allow for easy manufacturing and transport to the field with a minimal number of field connections. In one or more embodiments, each precooling section 200, sub-section 302, first main section 301, and second main section 305 is supported within a corresponding rigid frame (120, 121, 122, 123) and allowed to expand independently within that frame. Since the corresponding rigid frames (120, 121, 122, 123) do not restrict the expansion of the precooling sections 200, sub-sections 302, first main sections 301, and second main sections 305 under thermal loads, the arrangement of connecting pipes can be greatly simplified to provide sufficient flexibility. This is particularly important for heat exchangers transitioning from rigid blocks to flexible head and nozzle assemblies. It is also conceivable that the high-temperature heat exchanger, subjected to the highest thermal expansion load, can be located at the uppermost position where the module will have the greatest flexibility, thus facilitating inspection or repair. Furthermore, condensate from the high-temperature heat exchanger or other parts can naturally drain downwards from the regenerative heat exchanger system 105.

[0063] A control system can be provided to operate the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 locally or remotely. The embodiments described herein for operating the regenerative heat exchanger system 105 can be implemented on a computing system. Any combination of mobile, desktop, server, router, switch, embedded device, or other types of hardware can be used with the regenerative heat exchanger system 105. For example, the computing system may include one or more computer processors, non-persistent memory (e.g., volatile memory such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory), persistent memory (e.g., hard disks, optical drives such as optical disc (CD) drives or digital versatile disc (DVD) drives, flash memory, etc.), communication interfaces (e.g., Bluetooth interfaces, infrared interfaces, network interfaces, optical interfaces, etc.), and many other elements and functions. It is also contemplated that software instructions in the form of computer-readable program code for performing embodiments of this disclosure may be stored, wholly or partially, temporarily or permanently, on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as CDs, DVDs, storage devices, disks, magnetic tapes, flash memory, physical memory, or any other computer-readable storage medium. For example, software instructions may correspond to computer-readable program code that, when executed by a processor, is configured to perform one or more embodiments of this disclosure.

[0064] Go to Figure 5A , Figure 5AA hanger-mounted heat exchanger system according to one or more embodiments is illustrated. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Figure 5A As shown, the heat exchanger system 400 can be used in any industrial application, such as power generation. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger system 400 can be used in any industrial application that requires a heat exchanger.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, the heat exchanger system 400 may have a top-down configuration to allow for easier on-site installation. The rigid frame may include two columns 401, 402 spaced apart from each other by a distance D”’. The two columns 401, 402 may be made of metal and extend upwards to a height H”. The first ends 401a, 402a of each column 401, 402 may be detachably secured to the floor at the work site. Additionally, the two columns 401, 402 may be rigid to allow cranes, trailers, or forklifts to use the two columns 401, 402 as anchor points to lift the heat exchanger system 400. Between the two columns 401, 402, one or more heat exchangers 403, 404, 405 may be arranged in the heat exchanger system 400. It should be noted that, although in Figure 5A Three heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 are shown, but this is for illustrative purposes only, and any number of heat exchangers can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. For example, the secondary (oxidant flow) section may have two heat exchangers, while the primary (recirculation flow) section may have three heat exchangers. Heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 may be printed circuit heat exchangers (“PCHE”), coiled heat exchangers, microtube heat exchangers, diffusion-combined heat exchangers using stamped fins in addition to etched plates, or any other type of heat exchanger. It is also conceivable that heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 may be replaced with cryogenic or boiler-type heat exchangers.

[0066] exist Figure 5A In the configuration, in one or more embodiments, heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 may be arranged in series and vertically. The first heat exchanger 403 may be in the most vertical position in the heat exchanger system 400. In a non-limiting example, the first heat exchanger 403 may be coupled to a first support structure 406. The first support structure 406 may be a rigid metal plate connected at the second ends 401b and 402b of each column 401 and 402. Additionally, a plate or cap 407 may be provided on the second ends 401b and 402b of each column 401 and 402 to allow the first support structure 406 to be movably connected thereto. Furthermore, a portion of the first heat exchanger 403 may extend through a height H of the two columns 401 and 402.

[0067] The second heat exchanger 404 may be positioned below the first heat exchanger 403. The second heat exchanger 404 may be connected to a second support structure 408. The second support structure 408 may be a rigid metal plate for connection to the second heat exchanger 404. A first set of tethers 409 may suspend the second support structure 408 from two posts 401, 402. The first set of tethers 409 may include two or more tethers. In a non-limiting example, the first set of tethers 409 may be angled to center the second support structure 408 between the two posts 401, 402. The first set of tethers 409 may be a tensioning member, steel post, chain link, wire rope, or any type of post or rod to support the weight and movement of the second heat exchanger 404. Furthermore, the end 410 of the first set of tethers 409 may be a connection point for the first set of tethers 409 on the two posts 401, 402 and the second support structure 408. In some implementations, the connection point can be a variable position via a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam to allow the first set of tethers 409 to be repositioned. The connection point can be adjusted by means of a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam to allow active control of direct movement of the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405.

[0068] A second set of tethers 411 can extend vertically downward from the second support structure 408 to suspend the support beam 412. The second set of tethers 411 may include two or more tethers. The end 413 of the second set of tethers 411 may be a connection point for the second set of tethers 411 on the second support structure 408 and the support beam 412. In some embodiments, the connection point may be a variable position via a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam to allow the second set of tethers 411 to be repositioned. By means of a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam, the connection point can be adjusted to allow active controlled direct movement of the third heat exchanger 405. The second set of tethers 411 may be a tensioning member, steel column, chain link, wire rope, or any type of column or rod to support the weight and movement of the support beam 412.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, a third heat exchanger 405 may be positioned near the first ends 401a, 402a of the two columns 401, 402 and below the second heat exchanger 404. The third heat exchanger 405 may be coupled to a third support structure 415. The third support structure 415 may be a rigid metal plate for coupling to the third heat exchanger 405.

[0070] A third set of tethers 414 can extend downward from the support beam 412 to suspend the third support structure 415. The third set of tethers 414 may include two or more tethers. In a non-limiting example, the third set of tethers 414 may be angled to center the third support structure 415 between the two posts 401, 402. In some embodiments, the end 416 of the third set of tethers 414 may be a connection point for the third set of tethers 414 on the support beam 412 and the third support structure 415. In a non-limiting example, the connection point may be a variable position via a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam to allow the third set of tethers 414 to be repositioned. By means of a rack and pinion or gear-driven cam, the connection point can be adjusted to allow active controlled direct movement of the third heat exchanger 405. The third set of tethers 414 may be a tensioning member, steel post, chain link, wire rope, or any type of post or rod to support the weight and movement of the third heat exchanger 405.

[0071] Still referencing Figure 5A The first heat exchanger 403 can operate at the highest temperature of the three heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 in the heat exchanger system 400. The third heat exchanger 405 can operate at the coldest temperature of the three heat exchangers 403, 404, and 405 in the heat exchanger system 400. The second heat exchanger 404 can operate at a temperature between the temperatures of the first heat exchanger 403 and the third heat exchanger 405. With the first heat exchanger 403 positioned at the highest level in the heat exchanger system 400, the first heat exchanger 403 can expand without any movement restrictions, and the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 can also move. Furthermore, since the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 operate at a lower temperature than the first heat exchanger 403, the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 can have higher allowable stresses than the first heat exchanger 403. Therefore, the movement of the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 can be adapted more easily than the movement of the first heat exchanger 403. In addition, any thermal expansion of the pipes 417 that interconnect the three heat exchangers 403, 405, and 406 can be compensated by the respective sets of tethers 409, 411, and 414.

[0072] In one or more embodiments, three heat exchangers 403, 405, 405 are thermally separated within the heat exchanger system 400. By connecting the first heat exchanger 403 to the most vertical position of the first support structure 406, the first heat exchanger 403 can thermally expand independently without affecting the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405. Furthermore, a first set of tethers 409 allows the second heat exchanger 404 to thermally separate from the first heat exchanger 403. When the second heat exchanger 404 thermally expands, the first set of tethers 409 can vertically move the second support structure 408, making the second heat exchanger 404 thermally independent from the first heat exchanger 403 and the third heat exchanger 405. Additionally, by suspending a support beam 412 on a second set of tethers 411, the support beam 412 can thermally separate the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 from each other.

[0073] Now for reference Figure 5B , Figure 5B The following are illustrated according to one or more implementation schemes. Figure 1A Examples of heat exchanger hanger systems 420 for heat exchanger systems (see 400). The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The heat exchanger hanger system 420 may include a first set of tethers 409, a second set of tethers 411, and a third set of tethers 414 connected to a second support structure 408, a support beam 412, and a third support structure 415.

[0074] In one or more embodiments, the first heat exchanger (see 403) may be vertically connected, while the second heat exchanger (see 404) and the third heat exchanger (see 405) may be supported by the second support structure 408 and the third support structure 415, respectively. Therefore, the second heat exchanger (see 404) and the third heat exchanger (see 405) may experience vertical displacement due to the thermal expansion of 403 and their own thermal expansion during operation.

[0075] like Figure 5BAs shown, arrow 421 represents the vertical displacement of the second heat exchanger (see 404) and the third heat exchanger (see 405). Furthermore, arrows 422a and 422b represent the horizontal thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger (see 404) and the third heat exchanger (see 405). In a non-limiting example, when the second heat exchanger (see 404) thermally expands in the horizontal direction (arrow 422a), the first set of tethers 409 can move a distance Th in the horizontal plane. This movement Th also changes the angle of the first set of tethers 409, which then lowers the second heat exchanger (see 404) by a distance Tv. When the second heat exchanger (see 404) lowers by a distance Tv, the third heat exchanger (see 405) can also lower by a distance Tv. However, when the third heat exchanger (see 405) thermally expands in the horizontal direction (arrow 422b), the second set of tethers 411 can move a distance Th' in the horizontal plane to change the angle of the second set of tethers 411. As the angle of the second set of tethers 411 changes, the third heat exchanger (see 405) moves downward by an additional amount, such that the distance Tv' of the vertical movement by the third heat exchanger (see 405) can be the sum of the distance Tv and the additional downward amount.

[0076] Using the heat exchanger hanger system 420, the horizontal and vertical thermal expansion of the various components in the heat exchanger system (see 400) can be altered or adjusted by changing the angles of the various sets of tethers 409, 411, 414 to compensate for thermal expansion. By compensating for thermal expansion, the heat exchanger hanger system 420 can control the thermal imbalance from the various components that are cooled and heated at different rates. The heat exchanger hanger system 420 further minimizes the expansion stress caused by the thermal expansion of the heat exchangers and interconnecting pipes in the heat exchanger system (see 400). It is also conceivable that insulation could be used with the heat exchanger hanger system 420 to further aid in managing thermal imbalance. Insulation can be used to prevent heat loss and improve system efficiency, which can also have the benefit of aiding in managing thermal balance and leading to more accurate prediction of displacement caused by thermal expansion.

[0077] Now for reference Figure 6 Another embodiment of the heat exchanger system according to the embodiments described herein is shown, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. Figure 6 The implementation plan is similar to Figure 5A The implementation scheme is as follows. However, the heat exchanger system 400 may only have a first heat exchanger 403 and a second heat exchanger 404, without a third heat exchanger (see [link]). Figure 5A (405).

[0078] Now for reference Figure 7 Another embodiment of the heat exchanger system according to the embodiments described herein is shown, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. Figure 7The implementation plan is similar to Figure 5A The implementation scheme. However, the heat exchanger system 400 may only have a heat exchanger hanger system (see Figure 5B Two heat exchangers are suspended by 420. In a non-limiting example, the first heat exchanger 403 may be removed, leaving the second heat exchanger 404 and the third heat exchanger 405 suspended by their respective sets of tethers (409, 414).

[0079] Now for reference Figure 8 Another embodiment of the heat exchanger system according to the embodiments described herein is shown, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. Figure 8 The implementation plan is similar to Figure 5A The implementation scheme. However, instead of the first set of tethers 409 and the third set of tethers 414 (see...), the implementation scheme... Figure 5A The first set of tethers 409 can be angled inwards, while the first set of tethers 409 can be angled inwards. In a non-limiting example, one or more protrusions 430 can extend inwards from the rigid frame (two columns 401, 402) such that one end 410 of the first set of tethers 409 can be a connection point on one or more protrusions 430. By angling the first set of tethers 409 inwards, the thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger 404 can cause the second support structure 408 to rise vertically upwards. Additionally, the third set of tethers 414 can also be angled inwards, causing the third support structure 415 to rise vertically upwards based on the thermal expansion of the third heat exchanger 405.

[0080] Now for reference Figure 9 Another embodiment of the heat exchanger system according to the embodiments described herein is shown, wherein the same numbers denote the same components. Figure 9 The implementation plan is similar to Figure 5A The implementation scheme is as follows. However, the two columns 401, 402 of the rigid frame can be moved closer together, such that the distance D”” between the two columns 401, 402 is less than the distance D”’. By moving the two columns 401, 402 closer together, the first set of tethers 409 can be angled inward. By angling the first set of tethers 409 inward, the thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger 404 can cause the second support structure 408 to rise vertically upward. In addition, the third set of tethers 414 can also be angled inward, so that the third support structure 415 rises vertically upward based on the thermal expansion of the third heat exchanger 405.

[0081] like Figures 5A to 9 As shown, the heat exchanger system 400 connects a series of independently moving components. Taking into account the advantages of independent movement and providing benefits throughout the system, including, for example, low stress on the heat exchangers (404, 405) to the pipe nozzles (417), the heat exchanger system 400 described herein allows for the connection of a series of independently moving components. Figures 5A to 9 The heat exchanger system 400 and heat exchanger hanger system 420 may have a system of tethering ropes 409, 411, and 414, which can be configured to adjust the position (i.e., neutral, raised, or lowered) of the lower heat exchangers 404 and 405. In one or more embodiments, the configuration of the tethering rope system 409, 411, and 414 may be based on the expected thermal expansion or contraction of the components during startup, operation, and shutdown of the heat exchanger system 400. Furthermore, the angle of the tethering ropes may be selected based on the expected thermal expansion or contraction. Additionally, each angle of the tethering ropes may be adjusted independently.

[0082] In the heat exchanger system 400, the support rod 412 enhances the independent movement of the heat exchangers (404, 405). With the support rod 412 included, the second heat exchanger 404 does not affect the independent movement of the third heat exchanger 405. Therefore, the support rod 412 provides various degrees of freedom to accommodate pipe movement and expansion within the heat exchanger system 400. The support rod 412 allows for the isolation and use of expansion methods to advantageously separate the thermal expansion of each heat exchanger to minimize the load on the nozzles, and allows for shorter expansion pipe lengths. By minimizing loads and allowing for shorter pipes, the overall weight of the unit can be reduced. Furthermore, the stresses associated with the heat exchanger hanger system (420) allow for reduced pipe lengths and enable a more compact overall system.

[0083] While this disclosure has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand that other embodiments can be designed without departing from the scope of this disclosure as described herein. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should be defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger system, including: Turbine; A burner connected to the turbine; as well as A regenerative heat exchanger system, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine, and the regenerative heat exchanger system includes: At least one precooling section, the precooling section being configured to receive and cool all of the exhaust gas from the turbine and output a cooled exhaust gas stream; Main heat exchange section; and Secondary heat exchange section, The secondary heat exchange section is configured to cool a portion of the cooled exhaust gas stream relative to the oxidant stream, thereby forming a heated oxidant stream. The main heat exchange section is configured to cool other portions of the cooled exhaust gas stream relative to the recirculated CO2 stream, thereby forming a heated recirculated CO2 stream. The heated oxidant stream from the secondary heat exchange section and the heated recirculated CO2 stream from the main heat exchange section are separately supplied to the burner.

2. The heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to divert all of the cooled waste gas flow from the at least one precooling section between a portion of the cooled waste gas flow provided to the secondary heat exchange section and the other portion of the cooled waste gas flow provided to the main heat exchange section.

3. The heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein the at least one precooling section is configured to receive all of the exhaust gas from the turbine and cool all of the exhaust gas from the turbine relative to the heated oxidant stream.

4. The heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heated oxidant stream is different from the temperature of the heated recirculated CO2 stream.

5. The heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system further includes a heat recovery section configured to add heat to the main heat exchange section.

6. The heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system further comprises at least one heat recovery section configured to provide a cooling flow to the turbine.

7. The heat exchanger system of claim 6, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to add cold air to the cooling flow.

8. The heat exchanger system of claim 7, wherein the cooling stream is a recirculated gas.

9. A heat exchanger system, including: Turbine; A burner connected to the turbine; as well as A regenerative heat exchanger system, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine, and the regenerative heat exchanger system includes: At least one precooling section, the precooling section being configured to receive and cool the exhaust gas from the turbine and output a cooled exhaust gas stream; Secondary heat exchange section, which is configured to cool a portion of the cooled exhaust gas stream relative to the oxidant stream to form a heated oxidant stream; A main heat exchange section, configured to cool other portions of the cooled exhaust gas stream relative to the recirculated CO2 stream, to form a heated recirculated CO2 stream; and At least one heat recovery section, wherein the at least one heat recovery section is configured to provide a cooling flow to the turbine, and The heated oxidant stream from the secondary heat exchange section, the heated recirculated CO2 stream from the main heat exchange section, and the cooling stream are provided to the burner as separate streams.

10. The heat exchanger system of claim 9, wherein the at least one precooling section is configured to receive and cool all of the exhaust gas from the turbine.

11. The heat exchanger system of claim 10, wherein the at least one precooling section is configured to receive all of the exhaust gas from the turbine and cool all of the exhaust gas from the turbine relative to only one of the heated oxidant stream and the heated recirculated CO2 stream.

12. The heat exchanger system of claim 9, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured such that at least a portion of the cooling flow passes through one or more heat exchangers in the at least one heat recovery section.

13. The heat exchanger system of claim 9, wherein the temperature of the heated oxidant stream is different from the temperature of the heated recirculated CO2 stream.

14. The heat exchanger system of claim 9, wherein the at least one heat recovery section is configured to add heat to the main heat exchange section.

15. A heat exchanger system, including: Turbine; as well as A regenerative heat exchanger system, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine, and the regenerative heat exchanger system includes: At least one pre-cooling section; Main heat exchange section; Secondary heat exchange section; and At least one heat recovery section, wherein the at least one heat recovery section is configured to provide a cooling flow to the turbine, and The regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to add cold air to the cooling flow.

16. The heat exchanger system of claim 15, wherein the at least one heat recovery section is configured to add heat to the main heat exchange section.

17. The heat exchanger system of claim 15, wherein the at least one precooling section is configured to receive all of the exhaust gas from the turbine and cool all of the exhaust gas from the turbine relative to the oxidant stream from the secondary heat exchange section.

18. The heat exchanger system of claim 15, wherein the secondary heat exchange section is configured to cool a portion of the cooled exhaust gas stream from the at least one precooling section relative to the oxidant stream, to form a heated oxidant stream, and The main heat exchange section is configured to cool other portions of the cooled exhaust gas stream relative to the recirculated CO2 stream, thereby forming a heated recirculated CO2 stream.

19. The heat exchanger system of claim 18, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger system is configured to provide the burner as separate streams of the heated oxidant stream, the heated recirculated CO2 stream, and the cooling stream.

20. The heat exchanger system of claim 18, wherein the temperature of the heated oxidant stream and the temperature of the heated recirculated CO2 stream are different.

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