A method for 3D printing and forming a dissimilar metal component of nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component. The materials used are pretreated; then modeling slicing and parameter design are carried out; then the nickel-based superalloy is 3D printed and formed, and printing transition is carried out on the surface of the nickel-based superalloy by using parameter gradient design. After completion, the copper alloy is printed to obtain a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component. Due to large differences in physical property parameters such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, the connection performance is unstable and the interface bonding is poor during the manufacture of nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, seriously affecting the service performance of the components. The present invention can form nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, with simple processes and high forming efficiency. At the same time, the connection strength of the dissimilar metal bonding interface formed by 3D printing is improved through parameter gradient design, realizing the 3D printing and forming of dissimilar metals with high density and high quality for nickel-based superalloy, interface, and copper alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular relates to a method for 3D printing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component. Background Art

[0002] The manufacturing capacity and level of aerospace parts are important manifestations of a country's industrial and technological strength. As a high-end equipment manufacturing industry with huge development potential and high technical barriers, the aerospace manufacturing industry has a strong ability to drive the industry. Due to the harsh service conditions of aerospace parts, the material selection of each component and the performance requirements of the parts are different, which makes the research and development of aerospace parts difficult, the production cycle is long, the product delivery is difficult, and the cost of the whole machine is high. The use of metal 3D printing technology can achieve rapid manufacturing of key aerospace components, shorten the testing time, speed up the technology iteration and solution verification time, and improve the development efficiency. The verified aerospace parts have good quality and precision consistency, which meets the requirements of mass production.

[0003] Metal 3D printing technology is an emerging technology with wide applications in the aerospace, automotive and energy industries. 3D printing technology has attracted much attention due to its unparalleled design freedom and short manufacturing cycle. Nickel-based high-temperature alloys are widely used in aircraft engine turbine blades and key components of gas turbines due to their excellent fatigue strength, thermal stability, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Copper alloys are widely used in various electronic information, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields due to their excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, explosion resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0004] In order to give full play to the respective advantages of nickel-based high-temperature alloys and copper alloys, and to meet the different performance requirements of different parts, the multifunctional and lightweight manufacturing of complex parts of nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components has become a topic of concern. However, due to the large differences in physical parameters and chemical properties such as melting point, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, etc., the connection performance of nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components is unstable, the interface bonding is poor, and the yield rate is low during the manufacturing process, which will directly determine the performance of the formed parts. Therefore, developing a suitable process to improve the interface bonding of nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for 3D printing of nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, which can realize the 3D printing of nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, and solve the problem that the two alloys of existing nickel-based high-temperature alloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components are difficult to connect due to the large differences in melting point, thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for 3D printing and forming a dissimilar metal component of nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0009] First, the metal powders used are vacuum dried and then sieved. Then, stainless steel is selected as the substrate, and the surface of the stainless steel substrate is polished and sandblasted to remove most of the surface oxide layer and at the same time reduce the surface roughness. Finally, anhydrous ethanol and dust-free paper are used to remove surface impurities and grease stains.

[0010] (2) Modeling, slicing design and parameter setting

[0011] The dissimilar metal component to be processed is subjected to computer three-dimensional modeling, the model is sliced and layered, and the sliced data is imported into an industrial control computer to form a processing track. Then, the imported data is used to design the printing process parameters on the industrial control computer.

[0012] (3) Printing and forming

[0013] The stainless steel substrate processed in step (1) is installed on the forming platform and leveled. Then, the nickel-based superalloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) is evenly laid on the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a layer thickness of 0.10 - 0.80 mm. After introducing an inert gas to reduce the oxygen content, a nickel-based superalloy component is 3D printed and formed through the process parameters set in step (2). After printing is completed, the nickel-based superalloy powder in the equipment is recovered and cleaned. Then, the copper alloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) is evenly laid on the surface of the formed nickel-based superalloy component with a layer thickness of 0.10 - 0.80 mm. The bonding layer is printed using a parameter gradient design. After printing is completed, the printing parameters are changed for copper alloy printing and forming. Finally, the metal substrate is cut off by wire cutting, and the formed parts are post-processed to obtain a dissimilar metal component of nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal powders used in step (1) are nickel-based superalloy and copper alloy powders, specifically Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders with an average particle size of 17 - 55 μm.

[0015] Furthermore, the temperature of the vacuum drying treatment used in step (1) is 80 - 100 °C and the holding time is 2 - 5 hours.

[0016] Furthermore, the inert gas in step (3) includes argon, nitrogen and helium, and the volume content of oxygen is controlled below 0.08%.

[0017] Further, the 3D printing process parameters for the nickel-based superalloy in step (3) are a laser power of 255-290 W, a powder bed thickness of 30-45 μm, a scanning speed of 900-1000 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.09-0.11 mm, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard pattern.

[0018] Further, the bonding layer in step (3) is 10 layers and the printing process parameters used are a laser power of 275-360 W, a powder bed thickness of 20-40 μm, a scanning speed of 450-600 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.08-0.12 mm, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard pattern.

[0019] Further, after the bonding layer printing in step (3) is completed, the printing process parameters selected for the copper alloy printing and forming are: a laser power of 300-370 W, a powder bed thickness of 20-35 μm, a scanning speed of 350-500 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.10-0.12 mm, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard pattern.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The present invention uses 3D printing technology to form nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, with simple processes, high forming efficiency, and short production cycles, having great production application value.

[0022] 2. The present invention uses 3D printing technology to solve the problem that it is difficult to connect two alloys due to large differences in melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of existing nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar alloys, and improves the connection strength and metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar metal laser 3D printing dissimilar metal bonding interface through parameter gradient design, realizing high-density and high-quality dissimilar metal laser 3D printing forming of nickel-based superalloy, interface, and copper alloy. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is the interfacial microstructure of the nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to these embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0028] First, vacuum dry the used Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders at 90 °C for 3 hours and then screen the powders. Then select stainless steel as the substrate, grind and sandblast the surface of the stainless steel substrate to remove most of the surface oxide layer and at the same time reduce the surface roughness. Finally, use anhydrous ethanol and lint-free paper to remove surface impurities and grease stains.

[0029] (2) Modeling, slicing design and parameter setting

[0030] Perform computer three-dimensional modeling on the dissimilar metal component to be processed, perform slicing and layering on the model, and import the slice data into an industrial control computer to form a processing trajectory. Then design the printing process parameters for the imported data on the industrial control computer.

[0031] (3) Printing and forming

[0032] Install the stainless steel substrate processed in step (1) on the forming platform and level it. Then evenly lay the nickel-based superalloy powder after drying and screening in step (1) on the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a layer thickness of 0.50 mm, introduce argon to reduce the oxygen content to below 0.08%, and use a laser power of 285 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 30 μm, a scanning speed of 960 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.11 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to perform 3D printing and forming of the nickel-based superalloy component. After printing is completed, recover and clean the nickel-based superalloy powder in the equipment. Then take the copper alloy powder after drying and screening in step (1) and evenly lay it on the surface of the formed nickel-based superalloy component with a layer thickness of 0.30 mm, and use a laser power of 280 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 20 μm, a scanning speed of 600 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.10 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to print and form the first 10 layers. After printing is completed, change the printing parameters and select the printing process parameters as a laser power of 370 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 30 μm, a scanning speed of 400 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.12 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to perform copper alloy printing and forming. Finally, cut off the metal substrate by wire cutting and perform post-treatment on the formed parts to obtain a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component. Figure 1The interfacial microstructure of the 3D printed nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component obtained under the above process is presented. It can be seen that there are no macro / micro defects at the interface, and the bonding quality is excellent. The SLM printing technology adopted in the present invention can form nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal components, with simple processes, high forming efficiency, short production cycle, and great production application value, solving the problem that it is difficult to join the two alloys due to the large differences in melting point, thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of the existing nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar alloys. At the same time, through parameter gradient design, the connection strength and metallurgical bonding of the laser 3D printed dissimilar metal bonding interface of dissimilar metals are improved, realizing the high-density and high-quality laser 3D printing forming of nickel-based superalloy, interface and copper alloy.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0036] First, the used Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders are vacuum dried at 80 °C for 2 hours and then sieved. Then, stainless steel is selected as the substrate, and the surface of the stainless steel substrate is polished and sandblasted to remove most of the surface oxide layer and at the same time reduce the surface roughness. Finally, anhydrous ethanol and dust-free paper are used to remove surface impurities and grease stains.

[0037] (2) Modeling, slicing design and parameter setting

[0038] The dissimilar metal component to be processed is subjected to computer three-dimensional modeling, the model is sliced and layered, and the sliced data is imported into an industrial control computer to form a processing track. Then, the imported data is subjected to printing process parameter design on the industrial control computer.

[0039] (3) Printing and forming

[0040] Mount the stainless steel substrate processed in step (1) on the forming platform and level it. Then, evenly lay the nickel-based superalloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) on the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a layer thickness of 0.30 mm. Introduce argon to reduce the oxygen content to less than 0.08%. Use a laser power of 255 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 35 μm, a scanning speed of 900 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.10 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to 3D print and form a nickel-based superalloy component. After printing is completed, clean up and recycle the nickel-based superalloy powder in the equipment. Then, take the copper alloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) and evenly lay it on the surface of the formed nickel-based superalloy component with a layer thickness of 0.50 mm. Use a laser power of 330 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 40 μm, a scanning speed of 500 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.08 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to print and form the first 10 layers. After printing is completed, change the printing parameters and select the printing process parameters as a laser power of 330 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 25 μm, a scanning speed of 350 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.12 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to perform copper alloy printing and forming. Finally, cut off the metal substrate with wire cutting and perform post-treatment on the formed parts to obtain a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0044] First, vacuum dry the used Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders at 100 °C for 4 hours and then sieve the powders. Then, select stainless steel as the substrate, grind and sandblast the surface of the stainless steel substrate to remove most of the surface oxide layer and at the same time reduce the surface roughness. Finally, use anhydrous ethanol and lint-free paper to remove surface impurities and grease stains.

[0045] (2) Modeling, slicing design and parameter setting

[0046] Perform computer three-dimensional modeling on the dissimilar metal component to be processed, perform slicing and layering processing on the model, and import the sliced data into the industrial control computer to form a processing trajectory. Then, design the printing process parameters for the imported data on the industrial control computer.

[0047] (3) Printing and forming

[0048] Mount the stainless steel substrate processed in step (1) on the forming platform and level it. Then, evenly lay the nickel-based superalloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) on the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a layer thickness of 0.80 mm. Introduce argon to reduce the oxygen content to less than 0.08%. Use a laser power of 270 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 40 μm, a scanning speed of 1000 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.09 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to perform 3D printing to form a nickel-based superalloy component. After printing, recover and clean up the nickel-based superalloy powder in the equipment. Then, evenly lay the copper alloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) on the surface of the formed nickel-based superalloy component with a layer thickness of 0.80 mm. Use a laser power of 300 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 20 μm, a scanning speed of 450 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.12 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to print and form the first 10 layers. After printing, change the printing parameters and select the printing process parameters as a laser power of 300 W, a powder laying layer thickness of 35 μm, a scanning speed of 450 mm / s, a scanning spacing of 0.10 mm, and a chessboard scanning strategy to perform copper alloy printing and forming. Finally, cut off the metal substrate with wire cutting and perform post-treatment on the formed parts to obtain a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component.

Claims

1. A method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparation First, vacuum dry the used metal powder and then screen it; then select stainless steel as the substrate, polish and sandblast the surface of the stainless steel substrate, and finally remove surface impurities and grease stains with anhydrous ethanol and dust-free paper; the metal powder includes nickel-based superalloy and copper alloy powders, specifically Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders; (2) Modeling slicing design and parameter setting Perform computer three-dimensional modeling on the dissimilar metal component to be processed, perform slicing and layering processing on the model, and import the slicing data into the industrial control computer to form a processing trajectory; then design the printing process parameters for the imported data on the industrial control computer; (3) Printing and forming Install the stainless steel substrate processed in step (1) on the forming platform and level it, then evenly lay the nickel-based superalloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) on the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a layer thickness of 0.10 - 0.80 mm. After introducing an inert gas to reduce the oxygen content, perform 3D printing and forming of the nickel-based superalloy component through the process parameters set in step (2); the 3D printing process parameters for the nickel-based superalloy are laser power 255 - 290 W, powder laying layer thickness 30 - 45 μm, scanning speed 900 - 1000 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.09 - 0.11 mm, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard; after printing is completed, recover and clean the nickel-based superalloy powder in the equipment, and then take the copper alloy powder after drying and sieving in step (1) and evenly lay it on the surface of the formed nickel-based superalloy component. The bonding layer is printed using parameter gradient design. After printing is completed, change the printing parameters to perform copper alloy printing and forming. Finally, cut off the metal substrate with wire cutting and perform post-treatment on the formed parts to obtain a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component; The bonding layer is 10 layers and the printing process parameters used are laser power 275 - 360 W, powder laying layer thickness 20 - 40 μm, scanning speed 450 - 600 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.08 - 0.12 mm, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard; The printing process parameters selected for copper alloy printing and forming after the bonding layer printing is completed are: laser power 300 - 370 W, powder laying layer thickness 20 - 35 μm, scanning speed 350 - 500 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.10 - 0.12 mm, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard.

2. According to the method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component described in claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), the Ni718 and CuCrZr metal powders have an average particle size of 17 - 55 μm.

3. According to the method for 3D printing and forming a nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy dissimilar metal component described in claim 1, characterized in that, the temperature of the vacuum drying treatment used in step (1) is 80 - 100 °C and the holding time is 2 - 5 hours.

4. A method for manufacturing a 3D printed dissimilar metal component of nickel-based superalloy / copper alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (3), the inert gas includes argon, nitrogen or helium and the volume content of oxygen gas is controlled below 0.08%.

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