A device and method for online detection and balance adjustment of rotating parts

Abstract

A device and method for online detection and balance adjustment of rotating components are disclosed. The device comprises a vibration data acquisition module, a signal processing feedback control module, and an automatic leveling module. The vibration data acquisition module includes a laser displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a pressure strain gauge, and an NI data acquisition card. The strain gauge is arranged on a bearing housing outside the outer ring of the bearing. The strain gauge is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, which is connected to the signal processing feedback control module. The laser displacement sensor located above the shaft detects the vibration signal on the shaft, and the signal data is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI data acquisition card. The rectangular signal acquired by the laser displacement sensor located on the left side of the rotating component is also transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI data acquisition card. The automatic leveling module is arranged on one side of the rotating component. This invention improves the detection accuracy by using dual displacement and pressure detection, and the testing process is simpler, more convenient, and faster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of precision reducer performance testing, specifically relating to an online detection and balance adjustment device and method for rotating components. Background Technology

[0002] Rotating components, as essential parts of mechanical systems, often experience vibrations due to imbalances. This can lead to equipment vibration, noise, and even structural damage, especially for high-speed rotating parts, where the noise and vibration are more pronounced. With the rapid development of the automotive, aerospace, and precision instrument industries, the dynamic balancing of rotating parts has become increasingly important. However, current balancing methods mostly rely on manual static adjustments, which introduce significant errors and waste energy during start-up and shutdown, clearly failing to meet the requirements of some precision applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides an online detection and balance adjustment device and method for rotating parts.

[0004] An online detection and balancing device for rotating components includes a vibration data acquisition module, a signal processing feedback control module, and an automatic leveling module. The vibration data acquisition module includes a laser displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a pressure strain gauge, and an NI acquisition card. The pressure strain gauge is arranged on the bearing housing outside the outer ring of the bearing and is used to measure the radial pressure of the rotating shaft. The pressure strain gauge is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, which is connected to the signal processing feedback control module. The laser displacement sensor located above the shaft detects the vibration signal on the shaft, and the signal data is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI acquisition card. The rectangular signal acquired by the laser displacement sensor located on the left side of the rotating component is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI acquisition card. The automatic leveling module is arranged on one side of the rotating component.

[0005] A balance adjustment method for an online detection and balance adjustment device for rotating parts includes:

[0006] S1. System initialization: This includes initializing and checking all hardware devices, vibration data acquisition module, and signal processing feedback control module to ensure that no abnormalities occur and to make necessary preparations for the operation of the system.

[0007] S2. Start the motor power supply to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. After the rotation stabilizes, start signal acquisition.

[0008] S3. Vibration Signal Acquisition: A pressure strain gauge is fixed on the bearing housing of the outer ring of the bearing to measure the radial pressure of the rotating shaft. The pressure is converted into an electrical signal by a pressure sensor and transmitted to the host computer. A laser displacement sensor is placed above the rotating shaft to detect the vibration signal. The measured signal is transmitted to the host computer through an NI acquisition card for signal processing. The laser displacement sensor on the left side of the rotating component detects the rectangular signal generated by the piezoelectric element. The signal is transmitted to the host computer through an NI acquisition card for data processing.

[0009] S4. Signal Processing: Determine the corresponding phase of the vibration displacement and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the pressure sensor in the rectangular signal, analyze the signal amplitude and the elongation of the piezoelectric element to make a feedback adjustment, and transmit the output signal to the wireless signal generator.

[0010] S5. The wireless signal is received by the signal receiver on the wireless control battery, and the voltage is changed accordingly to drive the deformation of the piezoelectric sheet, thereby changing the mass distribution of the rotating parts and achieving dynamic balance adjustment.

[0011] S6. Result: The position where the rotating component needs phase compensation mass can be obtained by conversion.

[0012] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0013] Traditional dynamic balancing testing devices are large, generate a lot of noise, and are very inconvenient to operate. This invention uses needle roller bearings to fix the rotating shaft, which makes the device more compact, reduces frictional resistance during rotation, thereby reducing heat generation and noise, and provides excellent support for high-speed rotating shafts.

[0014] Traditional dynamic balancing testing devices can only perform single tests and cannot adjust the balance online in real time. Each adjustment requires the part to be brought to a standstill before the quality is checked again, which greatly increases costs. This invention provides a device that integrates testing and adjustment, enabling real-time monitoring, feedback, and adjustment, thus avoiding energy waste during the start-up and shutdown process of the part.

[0015] Traditional dynamic balancing tests rely on manual adjustments, which are neither precise nor accurate, and may result in repeated adjustments. This invention achieves precise control over the deformation of the piezoelectric element by changing the voltage, thus solving the problem of insufficient precision in manual adjustments.

[0016] Traditional dynamic balancing tests are generally only performed on large objects. The problem of balancing small parts that rotate at high speeds needs to be improved. This invention uses piezoelectric sheets for balancing, which have very small displacements, so they play a very important role in balancing small and delicate parts.

[0017] Traditional detection devices use only one pressure sensor. This invention uses a laser displacement sensor to measure vibration displacement and a pressure sensor to collect pressure signals, thus improving detection accuracy through dual detection of displacement and pressure.

[0018] Traditional balancing devices cannot provide feedback. This invention provides a feedback system that adjusts the mass distribution in real time, making the testing process simpler, more convenient, and faster.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the interconnection of the automatic leveling module, rotating shaft, and rotating components of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the online detection and balance adjustment device for rotating components according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing device;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the balance adjustment method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0026] Example 1, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, an online detection and balance adjustment device for rotating parts includes a vibration data acquisition module, a signal processing feedback control module, and an automatic leveling module;

[0027] The vibration data acquisition module includes a laser displacement sensor 11, a pressure sensor 12, a pressure strain gauge 13, and an NI acquisition card 14. The strain gauge 13 is arranged on the bearing housing 5 outside the outer ring of the bearing and is used to measure the radial pressure of the rotating shaft 4. The strain gauge 13 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 12, which is connected to the signal processing feedback control module. The laser displacement sensor 11 located above the shaft detects the vibration signal on the shaft. The signal data is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI acquisition card 14. The rectangular signal collected by the laser displacement sensor 11 located on the left side of the rotating component 3 is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module via the NI acquisition card 14. The automatic leveling module is arranged on one side of the rotating component 3.

[0028] This embodiment is based on the following principle: when the tested rotating component 3 is a dynamically balanced component, the pressure on each part is consistent during high-speed rotation, and no vibration displacement will occur on the rotating shaft 4. The vibration signal measured by the laser displacement sensor 11 and the value measured by the pressure sensor 12 are a constant value, which means that the tested rotating component 3 has reached dynamic balance. The rotating shaft 4 is supported by a bearing, which can play a good fixing role. The bearing adopts a precision needle roller bearing, which can enable the rotating component to reach a very high speed.

[0029] When the rotating component 3 under test is a dynamically unbalanced part, due to its uneven mass distribution, centrifugal forces of different phases will be generated during rotation, resulting in different pressure changes on the pressure sensor and vibration displacement on the shaft. The values ​​are obtained by the laser displacement sensor 11. The centrifugal force is greatest where the pressure is greatest, and the mass distribution of this phase should be reduced; the centrifugal force is smallest where the pressure is least, and the mass distribution of this phase should be increased. The elongation or shortening of the piezoelectric sheet can change its mass distribution, thereby achieving the leveling of the rotating component 3 under test. The mass that should be compensated for in this phase is obtained according to the elongation or shortening of the piezoelectric sheet 21.

[0030] The object being tested in this embodiment is rotating component 3, which includes a series of high-speed, small rotating parts such as flywheels, impellers, gears, or pump plates.

[0031] Example 2: The signal processing feedback control module described in this example includes a host computer 15, a software module, and a wireless signal generator. The software module runs on the host computer 15 and is used for signal feature extraction, judgment, and signal processing. It processes the collected data, performs Fourier transform on the data from the pressure sensor 12 and the vibration signal data detected by the laser displacement sensor 11, analyzes the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves, and performs phase analysis on the rectangular signal data collected by the laser displacement sensor 11.

[0032] In this embodiment, the phase of the data collected by the laser displacement sensor 11 located on the left side of the rotating component is analyzed. For example, 12 piezoelectric elements 21 are arranged. The phase corresponding to each of the 12 piezoelectric elements 21 is found. A positive voltage signal is applied to the control power output terminal by comparing the phase corresponding to the minimum value of the pressure sensor 12 and the phase corresponding to the minimum value of the vibration signal; a reverse voltage signal is applied to the control power output terminal by comparing the phase corresponding to the maximum value of the pressure sensor 12 and the phase corresponding to the maximum value of the vibration signal. The magnitude of the signal is processed by the feedback circuit and then emitted. The rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0033] Example 3: The automatic leveling module in this example includes piezoelectric sheets 21, a fixing device 23, and a wireless control battery 22. The fixing device 23 is installed on the side of the rotating component 3. Multiple piezoelectric sheets 21 are arranged at circumferential intervals. One end of each piezoelectric sheet 21 is mounted on the fixing device 23, while the other end is in a free state. The wireless control battery 22, which supplies power to the piezoelectric sheets 21, is arranged on the fixing device 23 located in the gap between two adjacent piezoelectric sheets 21. The fixing device 23 is attached to the rotating component 3 under test (including but not limited to flywheels, impellers, gears, pump plates, and other high-speed, micro-rotating parts).

[0034] Optionally, the fixing device 23 is a ring structure with a layer of silver electrodes inside for conductivity. The upper layer of the silver electrodes is divided into 12 parts, the same number as the number of piezoelectric pieces 21, and they are not interconnected. The lower layer is connected to the negative terminal of the wireless control battery, so that the 12 wireless control batteries 22 can drive the piezoelectric pieces 21 individually. Each piezoelectric piece 21 receives a wireless signal generator from the host computer 15, thereby realizing the extension or shortening of the piezoelectric piece 21. The rest is the same as in Embodiment 1 or 2.

[0035] Example 4: A balance adjustment method for an online detection and balance adjustment device for rotating parts according to this example includes:

[0036] S1. System initialization: This includes initializing and checking all hardware devices, vibration data acquisition module, and signal processing feedback control module to ensure that no abnormalities occur and to make necessary preparations for the operation of the system.

[0037] S2. Start the motor power supply to drive the rotating shaft 3 to rotate. After the rotation stabilizes, start signal acquisition.

[0038] S3. Vibration signal acquisition: The pressure strain gauge 13 is fixed on the bearing housing 5 of the outer ring of the bearing to measure the radial pressure of the rotating shaft 4. The pressure sensor 12 converts the measured pressure into an electrical signal and transmits it to the host computer. A laser displacement sensor 11 is placed above the rotating shaft 4 to detect the vibration signal. The measured signal is transmitted to the host computer 15 through the NI acquisition card 14 for signal processing. The laser displacement sensor 11 on the left side of the rotating component 3 detects the rectangular signal generated by the piezoelectric plate 21. The signal is transmitted to the host computer 15 through the NI acquisition card 14 for data processing.

[0039] S4. Signal processing: Determine the corresponding phase of the maximum and minimum values ​​of the vibration displacement and pressure sensor 12 in the rectangular signal, analyze the amplitude of the signal and the elongation of the piezoelectric element 21 to make a feedback adjustment, and transmit the output signal to the wireless signal generator.

[0040] S5. The wireless signal is received by the signal receiver on the wireless control battery, and the voltage is changed accordingly to drive the deformation of the piezoelectric sheet 21, thereby changing the mass distribution of the rotating parts 3 and realizing dynamic balance adjustment.

[0041] S6. Result: The position where the rotating component needs phase compensation mass can be obtained by conversion.

[0042] The conversion can be based on: Where M 补偿 For the quality of the part to be compensated, R 补偿 M is the radius of the part to be compensated. pzt For the mass of the piezoelectric element, δ 伸长量 This represents the elongation of the piezoelectric element.

[0043] This embodiment establishes a system for dynamic balancing of integrated actuators. By acquiring characteristic parameters through multiple signals, this embodiment detects integrated actuators such as rotating parts from different aspects to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection. This greatly facilitates the adjustment of the dynamic balance of integrated actuators such as rotating parts, eliminating the need for manual adjustment and improving its accuracy.

[0044] The present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed structure and technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or alterations shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotating component on-line detection balance adjustment device, characterized in that: The vibration data acquisition module, the signal processing feedback control module and the automatic leveling module are arranged on the rotating part (3). The vibration data acquisition module comprises a laser displacement sensor (11), a pressure sensor (12), a stress strain gauge (13) and an NI acquisition card (14); the stress strain gauge (13) is arranged on the bearing seat (5) outside the bearing outer ring and is used for measuring the radial pressure of the rotating shaft (4); the stress strain gauge (13) is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (12); the pressure sensor (12) is connected with the signal processing feedback control module; the vibration signal on the shaft is detected by the laser displacement sensor (11) located above the shaft; the signal data is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module through the NI acquisition card (14); the rectangular signal collected by the laser displacement sensor (11) located on the left side of the rotating part (3) is transmitted to the signal processing feedback control module through the NI acquisition card (14); and the automatic leveling module is arranged on one side of the rotating part (3). The automatic leveling module comprises a piezoelectric sheet (21), a fixing device (23) and a wireless control battery (22); the fixing device (23) is installed on the side of the rotating part (3); a plurality of piezoelectric sheets (21) are arranged in a circumferential direction at intervals; one end of the piezoelectric sheet (21) is installed on the fixing device (23); the other end of the piezoelectric sheet (21) is in a free state; the fixing device (23) located in the gap between two adjacent piezoelectric sheets (21) is provided with the wireless control battery (22) for supplying power to the piezoelectric sheet (21); the fixing device (23) has a ring structure; a layer of silver electrode is arranged in the ring structure for conducting electricity; the upper layer of the silver electrode is divided into a plurality of parts, the number of which is consistent with the number of the piezoelectric sheets (21), and the parts are not connected with each other; the lower layer is connected with the negative electrode of the wireless control battery, so that the wireless control battery (22) can drive the piezoelectric sheet (21) alone; the piezoelectric sheet (21) receives the wireless signal generator from the upper computer (15), so as to realize the elongation or shortening of the piezoelectric sheet (21).

2. The online balancing device for rotating parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing feedback control module comprises an upper computer (15), a software module and a wireless signal generator; the software module runs on the upper computer (15) and is used for signal feature extraction, judgment and signal processing; the collected data is processed; the data of the pressure sensor (12) and the vibration signal data detected by the laser displacement sensor (11) are subjected to Fourier transformation; the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves are analyzed; and the rectangular signal data collected by the laser displacement sensor (11) are subjected to phase analysis.

3. The online detection and balancing device for rotating parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating part (3) comprises a flywheel, an impeller, a gear or a pump sheet.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: When the measured rotating part (3) is a dynamic balance part, the pressure on each part is consistent when rotating at a high speed, no vibration displacement is generated on the rotating shaft (4), the vibration signal measured by the laser displacement sensor (11) and the value measured by the pressure sensor (12) are a constant value, and at this time, it is indicated that the measured rotating part (3) reaches dynamic balance. When the measured rotating part (3) is a dynamic unbalance part, due to its uneven mass distribution, different centrifugal forces of different phases are generated in the rotating process, different pressure changes are generated on the pressure sensor, vibration displacement appears on the shaft, the value is obtained through the laser displacement sensor (11), the centrifugal force is the largest at the place with the largest pressure, the mass distribution of this phase should be reduced; the centrifugal force is the smallest at the place with the smallest pressure, the mass distribution of this phase should be increased, the elongation or shortening of the piezoelectric sheet can change the mass distribution, so as to realize the dynamic balance adjustment of the measured rotating part (3), and the mass that should be compensated in this phase is obtained according to the elongation or shortening amount of the piezoelectric sheet (21).

5. The balancing method of the on-line detection balancing device for rotating parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Comprise: S1, system initialization: including initialization and checking various hardware devices, vibration data acquisition module, signal processing feedback control module, ensuring that there is no abnormal situation, making necessary preparations for the operation of the system; S2, start the motor power supply to drive the rotating shaft (4) to rotate, and start signal acquisition after the rotation is stable; S3, vibration signal acquisition: fix the pressure strain gauge (13) on the bearing seat (5) of the bearing outer ring, measure the radial pressure of the rotating shaft (4), convert the radial pressure into an electrical signal through the pressure sensor (12) and transmit it to the upper computer, arrange the laser displacement sensor (11) above the rotating shaft (4) to detect the vibration signal, transmit the measured signal to the upper computer (15) through the NI acquisition card (14) and process the signal; use the laser displacement sensor (11) on the left side of the rotating part (3) to detect the rectangular signal generated by the piezoelectric sheet (21), and transmit the signal to the upper computer (15) through the NI acquisition card (14) for data processing; S4, signal processing: judge the corresponding phase of the maximum and minimum values of the vibration displacement and the pressure sensor (12) in the rectangular signal, analyze the amplitude of the signal and the elongation of the piezoelectric sheet (21) to make a feedback adjustment, and transmit the output signal to the wireless signal generator; S5, the signal receiver on the wireless control battery receives the wireless signal, changes the voltage accordingly to drive the deformation of the piezoelectric sheet (21), so as to change the mass distribution of the rotating part (3) and realize dynamic balance adjustment; S6, result: the position of the rotating part that needs to compensate the mass of the phase can be obtained through conversion.

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