A physical model test device for the seepage deformation of waste rock and tailings mixture

Abstract

The present invention discloses a physical model test device and test method for the seepage deformation of a waste rock-tailings mixture. The seepage deformation of soil is one of the direct causes inducing the failure of earth-rock dam bodies, dike projects, and dam foundations. Laboratory observation, analysis, and calculation are important means for studying the seepage deformation of soil. However, the traditional soil seepage experimental device has simple boundary conditions, a very short seepage length, a limited volume, and is a vertical seepage device. This is not applicable to the actual engineering with grand scale and complex boundary conditions. This device is designed for studying the seepage process of tailings in waste rock, and a physical model test device for the seepage deformation of a waste rock-tailings mixture is designed. By utilizing the characteristics of silicone gel being elastic and conforming to the contact boundary, this device proposes a horizontal seepage path observation experimental method. The seepage path of this device is relatively long and the volume is relatively large, which is more in line with the actual requirements of engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a waste rock tailings mixture seepage deformation physical model test device and test method, and mainly targets the technical fields of tailings engineering, sludge disposal in water plants, and bottom mud disposal in rivers and lakes. Background Art

[0002] Soil seepage deformation is one of the direct causes of damage to earth-rock dam bodies, embankment projects and dam foundations. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of soil seepage deformation is of great significance to prevent water-related buildings from being damaged by hydraulic forces or even dam failure. In engineering practice, studying the seepage deformation process of soil and exploring the mechanism of soil flow, pipe burst, contact scour, contact soil flow and other phenomena in buildings such as tailings dams and earth-rock dams have always been the focus of attention. Many experts and scholars have conducted a large number of experiments and studies in this field. Laboratory observation, analysis and calculation are important means of studying soil seepage deformation. Among them, the most widely used permeability experimental device is the Darcy experimental device of French engineer H. Darcy. However, the traditional Darcy experimental device has simple boundary conditions, a very short permeability length, and a limited volume. It is a vertical permeability device. In actual engineering, the boundary conditions are complex, the distance of soil particle migration is long, and the scale of seepage deformation is large. We pay more attention to horizontal seepage deformation. Obviously, the Darcy experimental device is no longer suitable for the observation and study of large-scale seepage deformation. Therefore, it is very necessary to study and design the experimental device for soil seepage deformation.

[0003] Darcy experiment: In 1856, French engineer H. Darcy conducted an experimental study on water passing through saturated sand and found that the seepage rate of the cylinder through the water section is proportional to the cylinder section and the hydraulic slope, and is related to the permeability of the soil. This experiment is called the Darcy experiment and can be used to determine the permeability coefficient of rock.

[0004] Seepage deformation: Under the action of groundwater seepage force (dynamic water pressure), some particles or the whole of the soil and rock mass move, causing deformation and destruction of the rock and soil mass. It manifests as swelling, floating, fracture, springs, sand floating, soil turning, etc. The force of seepage water flow on the rock and soil is called seepage water pressure or dynamic water pressure. As long as there is seepage, this pressure exists. When this force reaches a certain size, some particles in the rock and soil will be carried and transported by the seepage water flow, causing the structure along the rock and soil to become loose, reduce strength, and even be destroyed as a whole. It includes basic forms such as flowing soil, piping, contact scour, and contact flowing soil.

[0005] Waste rock: A type of waste rock mined to obtain economically valuable ores, with a particle size range of about 10-1~10-3mm.

[0006] Tailings: A kind of tailings composed of crushed ore particles produced after beneficiation to extract valuable resources, also called tailings sand, with a particle size range of about 10^-3 to 10^-1 mm.

[0007] Silicone gel: Silicone gel is a kind of elastic, low-viscosity, sticky, gel-like transparent, two-component addition-curing silicone gel. It can be cured at room temperature or by heating, and has the characteristic that the higher the temperature, the faster the curing. The cured silicone gel can fit with the surrounding solid boundaries.

[0008] The seepage model of the Darcy experimental device is too simplified, with a small volume, a short seepage path of the device, and too short a migration path distance of soil particles. This is not suitable for observing large-scale seepage deformation in engineering practice. Phenomena such as piping, soil flow, contact erosion, and contact soil flow in engineering practice are difficult to observe through the Darcy experimental device. Moreover, the Darcy experimental device is for simple vertical seepage observation, while the boundary conditions in actual engineering are complex, and we need to observe the seepage deformation in all directions, especially the seepage deformation in the horizontal direction.

[0009] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a physical model test device for seepage deformation of waste rock and tailings mixture. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a physical model test device for seepage deformation of waste rock and tailings mixture, including: as Figure 3 shown, it is composed of a water faucet, a constant pressure pump, a pressure gauge, an inlet valve, a tailings sand box, a sand box drain valve, a No. 1 piezometer, a No. 2 piezometer, a No. 3 piezometer, a No. 4 piezometer, a No. 5 piezometer, a No. 6 piezometer, a test tank, a high-definition camera system, a multi-channel data acquisition system and a test bench. Among them, the tailings sand box and the test tank are the main parts of the present invention. The tailings sand box and the test tank are an integral whole, internally connected to each other. Tailings flow from the tailings sand box into the test tank and flow along the inside of the test tank filled with waste rock to form a pressured seepage flow. The constant pressure pump is connected to the top of the tailings sand box through a water pipe, so as to provide a constant pressure head for the seepage deformation of tailings in the sand box. The constant pressure head can be adjusted according to experimental needs to provide different head heights, so as to provide different experimental conditions. The pressure gauge can display the head pressure. The inlet valve controls the switch of the pressure water flow. The tailings sand box is used to hold tailings. The sand box drain valve is used to drain the tailings inside the tailings sand box to facilitate testing tailings with different concentrations. The No. 1 piezometer, the No. 2 piezometer, the No. 3 piezometer, the No. 4 piezometer, the No. 5 piezometer and the No. 6 piezometer can collect data such as seepage pressure and flow velocity at each point along the way. The collected data is transmitted to the multi-channel data acquisition system and stored. The high-definition camera system can record the seepage process in the test tank during the experiment and form image data. Through this experimental device, an attempt can be made to record and analyze the development of seepage deformation in the test tank through a combination of data analysis and mesoscopic image measurement analysis techniques.

[0011] like Figure 4 As shown, the tailings sand box and the test tank provided by the example of the present invention are in front view and top view. The tailings sand box has the dimensions of 300 mm × 320 mm × 664 mm in length × width × height, 10 mm in thickness, and is made of stainless steel; the test tank body has the dimensions of 4000 mm × 300 mm × 538 mm in length × width × height, 10 mm in thickness, and is made of organic glass. In order to describe and explain in detail the internal structure of the tailings sand box and the test tank provided by this experimental device, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 The figure shows the front view and top view of the tailings sand box and the experimental tank provided by the example of the present invention. Figure 4 The axonometric drawing after cutting through the cutting plane 1-1 is as shown in Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 The axonometric drawings after sectioning at section plane 2-2 and sectioning at section plane 3-3 are shown in Figure 6 shown.

[0012] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the test tank is composed of a test tank body, test tank crossbeams, a test tank inlet, a test tank outlet, a silica gel pad, a plexiglass cover, and wing nuts. Along the side wall of the test tank, piezometers No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 are arranged. The piezometers can collect the seepage pressure of the seepage flow. The test tank body is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section. Seven test tank crossbeams are arranged at equal intervals of 500 mm at the top of the water tank. The size of the test tank crossbeam is length × width × thickness = 300 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm. The test tank crossbeam is fixed on the test tank body and is made of plexiglass. The test tank inlet 133 is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section of 434 mm × 200 mm, and the length of the inlet section is 100 mm along the way. A metal mesh is provided at the test tank inlet to prevent the waste rock in the test tank from running into the tailings sand box. The test tank outlet is a rectangular hole opened at the end of the test tank bottom plate, with a size of 168 mm × 255 mm. The lower part of the rectangular hole is a combined body of a regular quadrangular prism without a top and bottom and an inverted frustum of a quadrangular pyramid. The size of the quadrangular prism is length × width × height = 188 mm × 275 mm × 50 mm. The upper bottom surface size of the frustum of the quadrangular pyramid is 94 mm × 138 mm, the lower bottom surface size is 188 mm × 275 mm, and the height is 100 mm. A metal mesh is provided at the rectangular hole of the test tank outlet to prevent the waste rock in the test tank from leaking out. After the tailings flow through the test tank, they will flow out at the test tank outlet. The size of the silica gel pad is adapted to the inner size of the upper surface of the test tank, and the material is silica gel. There are 8 plexiglass covers in total, with a size of length × width × thickness = 500 mm × 420 mm × 10 mm. 18 rib plates are symmetrically arranged at the upper edge of the outer wall of the test tank, and 2 rib plates are arranged at the end to support the edge of the test tank. After adding the edge, the top surface size of the test tank is widened to length × width = 4120 mm × 420 mm. The wing nuts can fix the plexiglass cover on the test tank body, making the test tank a closed water tank with good water tightness.

[0013] As Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the tailings sand box 5 is composed of a tailings sand box cap, a tailings sand box body, a tailings sand box water inlet, a plastic partition, a sand box drain valve interface, and hexagon bolts. The main body of the tailings sand box is a cuboid box, which is divided into two parts: the tailings sand box cap and the tailings sand box body. The tailings sand box cap is a bottomless cuboid with dimensions of length × width × height of 300mm × 320mm × 120mm, and the tailings sand box body is a roofless cuboid with dimensions of length × width × height of 300mm × 320mm × 544mm. The two are mechanically connected by hexagon bolts, and there are 20 hexagon bolts in total. When it is necessary to pour in tailings, the hexagon bolts are unscrewed, the tailings sand box cap is opened, and the prepared tailings are poured in. When all the hexagon bolts are tightened, the tailings sand box can be sealed. The tailings sand box water inlet is a tap water interface. The plastic partition is arranged between the tailings sand box cap and the tailings sand box body. The plastic partition is a perforated plastic plate with dimensions of length × width × thickness of 280 × 300mm × 2mm. Its function is to prevent the high-speed water flow flowing in from the tailings sand box water inlet from directly scouring the tailings in the tailings sand box. The No. 1 piezometer and the No. 2 piezometer are respectively arranged on the tailings sand box cap and the tailings sand box body. The sand box drain valve interface is connected to the sand box drain valve.

[0014] As Figure 7 shown, the test tank is composed of a test tank body, a test tank cross beam, a test tank inlet, a test tank outlet, a silica gel pad, an acrylic cover, and wing nuts. The test tank body is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section, and its dimensions are a water tank with length × width × height of 4000 mm × 300 mm × 538 mm. The material is transparent acrylic, and the test tank body is used to fill waste rock. Before the test tank body is filled with waste rock, three silica gel pads are respectively placed at the bottom and the front and rear sides. After the test tank body is evenly filled with waste rock, a silica gel pad is also covered on the surface of the waste rock. The silica gel pad is completely attached to the inner wall surface of the test tank body and the surface of the waste rock. The silica gel pad is prepared on site. The liquid silica gel is poured into the mold, and after curing, a silica gel pad with the required size for the experiment can be obtained. The function of the silica gel pad is to serve as a cushion layer between the waste rock and the test tank body, so that there are no large pores between the waste rock and the test tank body, and to avoid large pore channels during the infiltration process. The test tank cross beam and the test tank body are an integral whole. A test tank cross beam is set every 500mm, and there are a total of 7 test tank cross beams. The acrylic cover is fixed on the test tank body and the test tank cross beam through wing nuts. There are a total of 8 acrylic covers and 127 wing nuts. After sealing, the test tank can form a space with good water tightness. The tailings will only flow in from the test tank inlet and flow out from the test tank outlet. The tailings flowing out from the test tank outlet will fall into a measuring cylinder, and the measuring cylinder is marked with scales. By observing the volume of the tailings in the measuring cylinder at intervals, the seepage flow rate of the tailings can be obtained.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention adopts a relatively large-sized experimental device, which can observe large-scale seepage deformation phenomena. The device of the present invention adopts a seepage path mainly in the horizontal direction. This design is more in line with the actual engineering with complex boundary conditions. Moreover, this horizontal seepage deformation experimental device can greatly increase the length of the seepage path, providing clearer and more convenient conditions for us to experimentally observe phenomena such as piping, soil flow, contact erosion, and contact soil flow. This experimental device mainly studies the seepage deformation law of tailings in the porous medium of waste rock, providing a scientific experimental tool for studying the dam break of tailings dams due to seepage deformation. However, this device is also applicable to the study of soil seepage deformation caused by the seepage of other liquids in soil particles. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 Particle size distribution curves of waste rock and tailings;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the Darcy experimental device;

[0019] Figure 3 A physical model test device for seepage deformation of waste rock-tailings mixture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 Two views of the tailings sand box and test tank provided by the device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 Axonometric view of the tailings sand box and test tank provided by the device of the present invention after being sectioned along the 1-1 section;

[0022] Figure 6 Axonometric views of the tailings sand box and test tank provided by the device of the present invention after being sectioned along the 2-2 section and 3-3 section;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of filling waste rock in the test tank provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the operation of a physical model test device for seepage deformation of waste rock-tailings mixture provided by the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1 - water tap; 2 - pressure stabilizing pump; 3 - pressure gauge; 4 - inlet valve; 5 - tailings sand box; 6 - sand box drain valve; 7 - piezometer No. 1; 8 - piezometer No. 2; 9 - piezometer No. 3; 10 - piezometer No. 4; 11 - piezometer No. 5; 12 - piezometer No. 6; 13 - test tank; 14 - high-definition camera system; 15 - multi-channel data acquisition system; 16 - test bench; 19 - rib plate; 51 - tailings sand box cap; 52 - tailings sand box body; 53 - tailings sand box water inlet; 54 - plastic partition; 55 - sand box drain valve interface; 56 - hexagon bolt; 131 - test tank body; 132 - test tank cross beam; 133 - test tank inlet; 134 - test tank outlet; 135 - silicone gel pad; 136 - plexiglass cover; 137 - wing nut; 17 - waste rock; 18 - measuring cylinder. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 - 8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a physical model test device for the seepage deformation of waste rock and tailings mixture, including: as Figure 3As shown, it is composed of a faucet 1, a pressure-stabilizing pump 2, a pressure gauge 3, a water inlet valve 4, a tailings sand box 5, a sand box vent valve 6, a No. 1 osmometer 7, a No. 2 osmometer 8, a No. 3 osmometer 9, a No. 4 osmometer 10, a No. 5 osmometer 11, a No. 6 osmometer 12, a test tank 13, a high-definition camera system 14, a multi-channel data acquisition system 15 and a test bench 16, wherein the tailings sand box 5 and the test tank 13 are the main parts of the present invention. The tailings sand box 5 and the test tank 13 are a whole, and the two are internally connected. The tailings flow from the tailings sand box 5 into the test tank 13 and flow along the inside of the test tank 13 filled with waste rock to form a pressurized seepage. The pressure-stabilizing pump 2 is connected to the top of the tailings sand box 5 through a water pipe, thereby providing a pressure-stabilizing head for the tailings infiltration deformation in the sand box. The pressure-stabilizing head can be adjusted according to the experimental needs to provide different head heights, thereby providing different experimental conditions. The pressure gauge 3 can display the head pressure. The water inlet valve 4 controls the switch of the pressure water flow. The tailings sand box 5 is used to hold tailings. The sand box drain valve 6 is used to drain the tailings inside the tailings sand box 5 to facilitate the testing of tailings of different concentrations. Osmometer No. 1 7, Osmometer No. 2 8, Osmometer No. 3 9, Osmometer No. 4 10, Osmometer No. 5 11 and Osmometer No. 6 12 can collect data such as osmotic pressure and flow rate at various points along the process, and the collected data are transmitted to the multi-channel data acquisition system 15 and stored. The high-definition camera system 14 can record the seepage process in the test tank 13 during the experiment and form image data. Through this experimental device, it is possible to try to record and analyze the development of seepage deformation in the test tank 13 throughout the process by combining data analysis and microscopic image measurement and analysis technology.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the tailings sand box 5 and the test tank 13 provided by the example of the present invention are shown in front view and top view. The tailings sand box 5 has a size of 300 mm × 320 mm × 664 mm in length × width × height, a thickness of 10 mm, and is made of stainless steel; the main body of the test tank 13 has a size of 4000 mm × 300 mm × 538 mm in length × width × height, a thickness of 10 mm, and is made of organic glass. In order to describe and explain in detail the internal structure of the tailings sand box 5 and the test tank 13 provided by the present experimental device, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 The figure shows the front view and the top view of the tailings sand box 5 and the experimental tank 13 provided by the example of the present invention. Figure 4 The axonometric drawing after cutting through the cutting plane 1-1 is as shown in Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 The axonometric drawings after sectioning at section plane 2-2 and sectioning at section plane 3-3 are shown in Figure 6 shown.

[0029] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the test tank 13 is composed of a test tank body 131, test tank cross beams 132, a test tank inlet 133, a test tank outlet 134, a silica gel pad 135, a plexiglass cover 136, and wing nuts 137. The side wall of the test tank is equipped with piezometers 9, 10, 11, and 12 along the way. The piezometers can collect the seepage pressure. The test tank body 131 is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section. Seven test tank cross beams 132 are arranged at equal intervals of 500 mm on the top of the water tank. The size of the test tank cross beam 132 is length × width × thickness = 300 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm. The test tank cross beam 132 is fixed on the test tank body 131 and is made of plexiglass. The test tank inlet 133 is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section of 434 mm × 200 mm, and the length of the inlet section is 100 mm along the way. A metal mesh is provided at the test tank inlet 133 to prevent the waste rock in the test tank 13 from running into the tailings sand box 5. The test tank outlet 134 is a rectangular hole opened at the tail of the bottom plate of the test tank 13, with a size of 168 mm × 255 mm. The lower part of the rectangular hole is a combined body of a regular quadrangular prism without a top and bottom and an inverted frustum of a pyramid. The size of the quadrangular prism is length × width × height = 188 mm × 275 mm × 50 mm. The upper bottom surface size of the frustum of the pyramid is 94 mm × 138 mm, the lower bottom surface size is 188 mm × 275 mm, and the height is 100 mm. A metal mesh is provided at the rectangular hole of the test tank outlet 134 to prevent the waste rock in the test tank 13 from leaking out. The tailings will flow out of the test tank 13 at the test tank outlet 134. The size of the silica gel pad 135 is adapted to the inner size of the upper bottom surface of the test tank 13, and the material is silica gel. There are 8 plexiglass covers 136 in total, with a size of length × width × thickness = 500 mm × 420 mm × 10 mm. 18 rib plates 19 are symmetrically provided at the upper edge of the outer wall of the test tank 13, and 2 rib plates 19 are provided at the end to support the edge of the test tank 13. After adding the edge, the top surface size of the test tank 13 is widened to length × width = 4120 mm × 420 mm. The wing nuts 137 can fix the plexiglass cover 136 on the test tank body 131, making the test tank 13 a closed water tank with good water tightness.

[0030] As Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the tailings sand box 5 is composed of a tailings sand box cap 51, a tailings sand box body 52, a tailings sand box water inlet 53, a plastic partition 54, a sand box drain valve interface 55, and hexagon bolts 56, etc. The main body of the tailings sand box 5 is a cuboid box, which is divided into two upper and lower parts: the tailings sand box cap 51 and the tailings sand box body 52. The tailings sand box cap 51 is a bottomless cuboid with dimensions of length × width × height of 300mm × 320mm × 120mm, and the tailings sand box body 52 is a roofless cuboid with dimensions of length × width × height of 300mm × 320mm × 544mm. The two are mechanically connected by hexagon bolts 56, and there are 20 hexagon bolts 56 in total. When it is necessary to pour in tailings, the hexagon bolts 56 are unscrewed, the tailings sand box cap 51 is opened, and the prepared tailings are poured in. When all the hexagon bolts 56 are tightened, the tailings sand box 5 can be sealed. The tailings sand box water inlet 53 is a tap water interface. The plastic partition 54 is arranged between the tailings sand box cap 51 and the tailings sand box body 52. The plastic partition 54 is a perforated plastic plate with dimensions of length × width × thickness of 280 × 300mm × 2mm, and its function is to prevent the high-speed water flow flowing in from the tailings sand box water inlet 53 from directly scouring the tailings in the tailings sand box 5. The No. 1 piezometer 7 and the No. 2 piezometer 8 are respectively arranged on the tailings sand box cap 51 and the tailings sand box body 52. The sand box drain valve interface 55 is connected to the sand box drain valve 6.

[0031] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the test tank 13 is composed of a test tank body 131, a test tank crossbeam 132, a test tank inlet 133, a test tank outlet 134, a silica gel pad 135, a plexiglass cover 136 and a wing nut 137. The test tank body 131 is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section, and its size is a water tank with a length × width × height of 4000 mm × 300 mm × 538 mm. The material is transparent plexiglass, and the test tank body 131 is used to fill the waste rock 17. Before the test tank body 131 is filled with the waste rock 17, three silica gel pads 135 are placed on the bottom and the front and rear side walls respectively. After the test tank body 131 is evenly filled with the waste rock 17, a silica gel pad 135 is also covered on the surface of the waste rock 17. The silica gel pad 135 fits perfectly with the inner wall surface of the test tank body 131 and the surface of the waste rock 17. The silica gel pad 135 is prepared on-site. The liquid silica gel is poured into the mold, and after curing, the silica gel pad 135 with the required size for the experiment can be obtained. The function of the silica gel pad 135 is to serve as a cushion layer between the waste rock 17 and the test tank body 131, preventing large pores between the waste rock 17 and the test tank body 131 and avoiding large pore channels during the infiltration process. The test tank crossbeam 132 and the test tank body 131 are an integral whole. A test tank crossbeam 132 is set every 500 mm, and there are a total of 7 test tank crossbeams 132. The plexiglass cover 135 is fixed on the test tank body 131 and the test tank crossbeam 132 through the wing nut 137. There are a total of 8 plexiglass covers and 127 wing nuts 137. After sealing, the test tank 13 can form a space with good water tightness. The tailings will only flow in from the test tank inlet 133 and flow out from the test tank outlet 134. The tailings flowing out from the test tank outlet 134 will fall into the measuring cylinder 18, and the measuring cylinder 18 is marked with scales. By observing the volume of the tailings in the measuring cylinder 18 at regular intervals, the infiltration flow rate of the tailings can be obtained.

[0032] Working principle: 1. Prepare before the experiment (make the silica gel cushion layer 135 by casting, screen and wash the waste rock 17, adjust the tailings concentration, and turn on the high-definition camera system 14 and the multi-channel data acquisition system 15), and keep the water faucet 1, the inlet valve 4, and the sand box drain valve 6 in the closed state;

[0033] 2. Open the 8 plexiglass covers 136 of the test tank 13, place the three silica gel pads 135 on the bottom surface of the test tank body 131 respectively, and press them tightly against the front and rear side walls. Then, evenly fill the prepared waste rock 17 inside the test tank 13 and level the surface. After filling, the height of the waste rock 17 is 5 - 10 mm away from the top of the test tank13. During the filling process, the 4th piezometer 10, the 5th piezometer 11, and the 6th piezometer 12 should be buried in the middle of the corresponding cross-section of the waste rock 17 at the same time;

[0034] 3. Lay the fourth silica gel pad 135 on the surface of the waste rock layer 17, ensuring that there are no large gaps between the silica gel pad 135 and the waste rock 17. Then, cover it with 8 plexiglass covers 136 and tighten all the butterfly bolts 137.

[0035] 4. Open the tailings sand box 5, install the No. 1 piezometer 7 and the No. 2 piezometer, then cover the tailings sand box cap 51, connect the water inlet 53 of the tailings sand box, and tighten the hexagon bolt 56.

[0036] 6. Open the water faucet 1 and the inlet valve 4 to conduct a water tightness test on this device. When there is no water leakage along the way of this device, close the water faucet 1 and the inlet valve 4 and proceed to the 7th operation. Otherwise, seal and repair the water leakage part of this device.

[0037] 7. Open the tailings sand box cap 51 and pour the previously prepared tailings into the tailings sand box body 52. During the process of loading the tailings, the tailings will seep into the test tank 13 from the test tank inlet 133, and the liquid level of the tailings sand box body 52 will drop. At this time, continue to slowly add tailings. When the drop of the liquid level of the tailings sand box body 52 is not obvious, stop adding tailings, place the plastic partition 54 well, cover the tailings sand box cap 51, and tighten the hexagon bolt 56.

[0038] 8. Observe the seepage process of the tailings in the waste rock 17, and record the data (seepage pressure, flow rate, etc.) and video images respectively through the multi-channel data acquisition system 15 and the high-definition camera system 14.

[0039] 10. After the seepage process and seepage form in the test tank 13 are stabilized, open the water faucet 1 and the pressure stabilizing pump 2, observe the reading of the pressure gauge 3, adjust the dynamic pressure head, and gradually increase the pressure head. The pressure head increases from small to large (0.2m, 0.4m, 0.60m, 0.8, 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m, 3.0m, 4.0m, 5.0m), and a total of 11 groups of pressure heads are set.

[0040] 11. Record the readings of the No. 1 piezometer 7, the No. 2 piezometer 8, the No. 3 piezometer 9, the No. 4 piezometer 10, the No. 5 piezometer 11, and the No. 6 piezometer 12, and observe the reading in the graduated cylinder 18 at intervals to check whether the data of the piezometer mutates. Observe whether there is any seepage deformation phenomenon in the seepage process in the test tank 13. Once the seepage deformation part is found, align the multi-channel data acquisition system 15 with the seepage deformation part, adjust it to micro focus, and carefully observe this part.

[0041] 12. Continue to adjust the pressure stabilizing head, simultaneously collect the data of the pressure gauge 3 and the multi-channel data acquisition system 15, and observe the reading in the graduated cylinder 18 at intervals until a large amount of tailings gush out from the test tank outlet 134 and the seepage model in the test tank 13 is completely damaged, then the observation can be ended and a set of experiments is completed.

[0042] 13. Close the water inlet valve 4, the pressure stabilizing pump 2 and the faucet 1, and sort out and analyze the experimental data;

[0043] 14. Open the sand box vent valve 6 to empty the tailings, tidy up the experimental instruments, and repeat the experiments in steps 1-13 for the waste rocks 17 with different tailings concentrations and different particle size distributions.

[0044] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A physical model test device for the seepage deformation of a waste rock and tailings mixture, characterized in that, Including: A water faucet, a pressure stabilizing pump, a pressure gauge, an inlet valve, a tailings sand box, a sand box drain valve, a piezometer No. 1, a piezometer No. 2, a piezometer No. 3, a piezometer No. 4, a piezometer No. 5, a piezometer No. 6, a test tank, a high-definition camera system and a multi-channel data acquisition system. Among them, the tailings sand box and the test tank are the main parts. The tailings sand box and the test tank are rigidly connected and internally connected, allowing liquid to flow from the tailings sand box into the test tank; The high-definition camera system and the multi-channel data acquisition system are external devices. The high-definition camera system is used to record experimental video materials, record the overall and local experimental processes and seepage phenomena of the experiment. The multi-channel data acquisition system is connected to the piezometer No. 1, the piezometer No. 2, the piezometer No. 3, the piezometer No. 4, the piezometer No. 5, and the piezometer No. 6, and receives and stores the seepage pressure and flow rate of the measuring points through the sensors on each piezometer; The test tank is composed of a test tank body, a test tank cross beam, a test tank inlet, a test tank outlet, a silicone gel pad, an acrylic cover and wing nuts; the test tank body is used to fill waste rock.

2. The physical model test device for the seepage deformation of the waste rock and tailings mixture according to claim 1, wherein The test tank body, the test tank cross beam, the test tank inlet and the test tank outlet are rigidly connected. The silicone gel pad is an external cushion layer. The acrylic cover and the wing nuts are mechanically connected to the test tank body; The test tank body is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section, and its size is a water tank with a length × width × height of 4000mm × 300mm × 538mm, and the material is transparent acrylic; The test tank cross beam is fixed on the test tank body and is arranged at equal intervals of 500mm on the upper part of the test tank body. There are 7 in total, and the size is length × width × thickness of 300mm × 50mm × 10mm, and the material is acrylic; the test tank inlet is a rectangular cross-section water tank with a cross-sectional size of 434mm × 200mm, and the length of the inlet section along the way is 100mm. A metal mesh is provided at the inlet cross-section to prevent the waste rock in the test tank from running into the tailings sand box; the test tank outlet is a rectangular hole at the end of the test tank bottom plate, with a size of 168mm × 255mm. The lower part of the rectangular hole is a combination of a regular quadrangular prism without a top and a bottom and an inverted frustum of a quadrangular pyramid. Among them, the size of the quadrangular prism is length × width × height of 188mm × 275mm × 50mm, the upper bottom surface size of the frustum of a quadrangular pyramid is 94mm × 138mm, the lower bottom surface size is 188mm × 275mm, and the height is 100mm; a metal mesh is provided at the rectangular hole of the test tank outlet to prevent the waste rock in the test tank from leaking out; There are 8 acrylic covers in total, with a size of length × width × thickness of 500mm × 420mm × 10mm, and the material is acrylic. The wing nuts can fix the acrylic cover on the test tank body, making the test tank a closed water tank with good water tightness.

3. The physical model test device for the seepage deformation of the waste rock and tailings mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tailings sand box is composed of a tailings sand box cap, a tailings sand box body, a tailings sand box water inlet, a plastic partition, a sand box drain valve interface and hex bolts; The main body of the tailings sand box is a cuboid box, which is divided into two parts: the tailings sand box cap and the tailings sand box body. The size of the tailings sand box cap is a bottomless cuboid with a length × width × height of 300 mm × 320 mm × 120 mm. The tailings sand box body is a roofless cuboid with a length × width × height of 300 mm × 320 mm × 544 mm. The two are mechanically connected by hexagon bolts, and there are 20 hexagon bolts in total. The water inlet of the tailings sand box is a tap water interface for receiving dynamic pressure water flow. The plastic partition is a perforated plastic plate with a length × width × thickness of 280 × 300 mm × 2 mm, which is arranged between the tailings sand box cap and the tailings sand box body to prevent the high-speed water flow flowing in from directly scouring the tailings in the tailings sand box. The sand box drain valve interface is connected to the sand box drain valve, and its function is to drain the tailings in the tailings sand box after the experiment is over.

Images