A built-in modular biological slow filtration water purification device

Abstract

This invention discloses a built-in modular biological slow filtration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection water purification device. The water purification device includes at least one biological slow filtration module; there are two types of biological slow filtration modules: one is a transverse flow biological slow filtration module including several water-blocking baffles, with adjacent baffles arranged alternately. A water inlet screen is installed between the water-blocking baffles and the top or bottom of the biological slow filtration module. Under the action of the water-blocking baffles, the water to be purified enters from the side and flows forward within the biological slow filtration module; the other is a downward flow biological slow filtration module containing only filter media. The water to be purified enters from the top and is filtered from top to bottom within the biological slow filtration module. The outlet of the biological slow filtration module is connected to a water collection column, which can be equipped with an ultraviolet disinfection lamp for deep disinfection of the purified water. This invention's device operates inside a water cellar, water tank, or water storage module, and is less affected by external environmental factors such as temperature, effectively solving the problem of conventional slow filtration devices failing to operate stably under low-temperature conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a built-in modular biological slow filtration water purification device, belonging to the field of drinking water treatment technology. Background Art

[0002] Northwest my country has an arid and semi-arid climate with scarce water resources. Rural residents primarily rely on cisterns to collect and store rainwater for drinking. However, rainwater is highly susceptible to contamination during collection, with most cisternives exceeding standards for turbidity, color, organic matter, and microorganisms. Direct consumption of this water can easily lead to various waterborne diseases. Biological slow filtration is a small-scale, decentralized water treatment technology. During operation, microorganisms accumulate and colonize on the filter media, forming a biofilm that effectively removes characteristic pollutants such as turbidity, color, organic matter, and microorganisms from the water. It is suitable for cisternives in Northwest China's villages and towns.

[0003] Since biological slow filtration primarily relies on biological processes for water removal, environmental temperature and influent water temperature significantly impact its treatment efficiency and stable operation. In rural areas of Northwest my country, where winter temperatures are low, biological slow filtration devices are prone to freezing and malfunction. Furthermore, while these devices can remove most microorganisms from the raw water, limitations imposed by rural sanitation standards and water source protection mean that the effluent is highly susceptible to microbial growth during storage, compromising drinking water safety. Additionally, although cleaning traditional biological slow filtration devices is simple, periodic maintenance is still required based on actual operating conditions. The lack of qualified technicians in rural areas makes timely and effective maintenance difficult, resulting in poor performance of traditional biological slow filtration devices in Northwest China, with some devices failing to meet relevant standards and water quality requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve and optimize traditional biological slow filtration processes to achieve efficient and stable operation under low-temperature conditions, reduce maintenance cycles, and ensure effluent quality meets standards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water purification device with built-in modular biological slow filtration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection, which can operate stably throughout the year, especially in low-temperature environments during winter.

[0005] This invention first provides a built-in modular biological slow filtration device, including at least one biological slow filtration module and a water collection column;

[0006] The water collection column is mounted on a fixed base;

[0007] The water collection column is made of food-grade rigid plastic.

[0008] The biofiltration module includes two types: crossflow biofiltration module and downflow biofiltration module.

[0009] Both of the above-mentioned biological slow filtration modules are equipped with an open inlet slope, and the open inlet slope is equipped with a sloped inlet screen, such as a 150-mesh sloped inlet screen.

[0010] The open inlet slope of the transverse flow biological slow filtration module is located on the side of the module. The transverse flow biological slow filtration module includes several water-proof baffles, which are arranged alternately between adjacent water-proof baffles. An inlet net is set between the water-proof baffles and the top or bottom of the transverse flow biological slow filtration module. Under the action of the water-proof baffles, the water to be purified flows forward in the transverse flow biological slow filtration module.

[0011] The open inlet ramp of the downflow biological slow filtration module is located at the top of the module. The downflow biological slow filtration module contains only filter media. The water to be purified flows into the module from the open inlet ramp at the top and moves from top to bottom.

[0012] Both types of biological slow filtration modules are equipped with a water outlet, which is connected to the water collection column.

[0013] Both types of bio-slow filtration modules are made of food-grade rigid plastic.

[0014] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the water to be purified enters the transverse flow biological slow filtration module from the open inlet ramp located on the side. The baffle plate increases the water flow path and improves filtration efficiency. Along the water flow direction, the baffle plate divides the biological slow filtration module into a first compartment, several intermediate compartments, and an end compartment. The first compartment is filled with biocompatible materials with high specific surface area and adsorption capacity, such as 0.3–0.9 mm volcanic rock particles, granular activated carbon, or bio-ceramic particles. The intermediate compartments are filled with conventional filter materials such as 0.3–0.9 mm quartz sand, river sand, or sea sand. The end compartment is filled with 0.3–0.9 mm granular activated carbon to enhance the removal of dissolved pollutants such as color and organic matter, and stabilize the effluent water quality.

[0015] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the water to be purified enters the downflow built-in biological slow filtration module from the open inlet slope located at the top.

[0016] The downflow biological slow filtration module contains only filter media. From bottom to top, the filter media consists of: larger boulders such as gravel or pebbles with a particle size of 1-3 cm; coarse sand such as river sand or quartz sand with a particle size of approximately 3 mm; river sand, quartz sand, volcanic rock, activated carbon, and modified products of the above materials with a particle size less than 0.6 mm. Based on the type of filter media, the filter media are divided into a support layer containing larger hard boulders and coarse sand, and a filter bed containing fine sand. The support layer is greater than 10 cm high, and the filter bed is greater than 60 cm high.

[0017] In the aforementioned built-in modular bio-slow filtration device, the bio-slow filtration module is connected to a fixed base.

[0018] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, multiple biological slow filtration modules can be arranged around the water collection column.

[0019] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the outlet of the biological slow filtration module is equipped with a support net and a flow regulating valve. The support net is used to prevent filter media from escaping into the pipeline, and the flow regulating valve is used to reduce the filtration rate.

[0020] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the bottom of the fixed base is equipped with three or more support feet with a height of more than 5cm.

[0021] In the aforementioned built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the top of the water collection column is provided with an air vent to balance the air pressure inside the column, and a flexible hose can be connected to it.

[0022] Based on the built-in modular biological slow filtration device, the present invention also provides a water purification device with built-in modular biological slow filtration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection, that is, an ultraviolet disinfection lamp tube is provided in the water collection column.

[0023] The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is located at the bottom of the water collection column;

[0024] The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is connected to a power switch located outside the water collection column via a waterproof cable, and the power switch controls the opening and closing of the ultraviolet disinfection lamp.

[0025] The power switch of the ultraviolet disinfection lamp is a timer switch, which is turned on for more than 5 minutes at regular intervals to reduce the waiting period for water intake and extend the life of the ultraviolet disinfection lamp as much as possible.

[0026] The built-in modular biofiltration device of this invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] When in use, the biological slow filtration module in the device of this invention is placed inside the water cellar. The constant temperature environment inside allows the device to operate continuously under low temperature conditions in winter, reducing interference from external environmental factors, improving the adaptability of the biological slow filtration device to extreme environments, and expanding the application range of biological slow filtration.

[0028] The biological slow filtration device in this invention adopts a modular design, allowing users to increase or decrease the number of biological slow filtration modules according to their individual needs or water consumption requirements. It can be flexibly placed in various sizes of water tanks, cisterns, and water storage modules. Simultaneously, the modular design facilitates installation and effectively overcomes the problem of some storage devices having narrow inlets that prevent the device from fitting. When the biological slow filtration device requires maintenance, it can be directly removed for cleaning or replaced with a new module. Compared with conventional biological slow filtration devices, this invention is more flexible and controllable, and can be widely applied to water storage devices of different sizes.

[0029] The biological slow filtration module in this invention uses highly adsorbent biocompatible materials such as volcanic rock particles, activated carbon, bio-ceramic particles, and modified products of the above materials as its filter media. This enables the large-scale attachment and rapid colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the biological slow filtration module, reducing biofilm formation time and enhancing the microbial-driven water purification process. Compared with conventional biological slow filtration media such as quartz sand, the highly adsorbent materials themselves have stronger adsorption capacity, effectively removing color and organic pollutants from the silo water, thus enhancing the removal efficiency of the biological slow filtration module for pollutants in the silo water.

[0030] The biofiltration module in the device of this invention has an open inlet slope in its water inlet area. After the biofilm formed on its surface matures and ages, it can automatically fall off along the slope to the bottom of the water cellar under the action of gravity and hydraulic shear, which greatly reduces the head loss of the biofiltration module, effectively increases the module's service life, and reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement of the biofiltration module.

[0031] The water-blocking baffle design in the transverse flow biological slow filtration module of the device of the present invention can maximize the extension of the water flow path in a small space, increase the contact probability between the filter media and pollutants in the cisternives, strengthen the deep filtration process, fully improve the removal effect of the deep filter media, and maximize the utilization efficiency of the filter bed.

[0032] The downward flow biological slow filtration module in the device of this invention fully retains the advantages of traditional column slow filtration by allowing the water to be purified to flow from top to bottom, and greatly simplifies the filling process.

[0033] This invention couples biological slow filtration with ultraviolet disinfection and water purification, which can effectively kill various residual microorganisms in the effluent of the biological slow filtration module. At the same time, the ultraviolet disinfection device in this invention has two modes, manual and automatic, which can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms during storage while taking into account the quality of the effluent, thus fully ensuring the safety of drinking water quality.

[0034] The device of this invention enables the application of slow biological filtration technology in low-temperature and water-scarce areas, greatly expanding the application scope of slow biological filtration technology. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the transverse flow built-in modular biological slow filtration water purification device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the downflow built-in modular biological slow filtration water purification device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse flow biological slow filtration module in the water purification device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the downflow biological slow filtration module in the water purification device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection column in the water purification device of the present invention.

[0040] The markings in the diagram are as follows:

[0041] 1-Horizontal flow biological slow filtration module, 2-Downflow biological roaming module, 3-Water collection column, 4-Horizontal flow inclined water inlet net, 5-Horizontal flow open water inlet inclined surface, 6-First water-blocking baffle, 7-Second water-blocking baffle, 8-Third water-blocking baffle, 9-Flow regulating valve, 10-First compartment, 11-Second compartment, 12-Third compartment, 13-Fourth compartment, 14-Removable sealing cover, 15-Box body, 16-Support net, 17-Downflow open water inlet inclined surface, 18-Filter bed, 19-Support layer, 20-Fixed base, 21-Column, 22-Ultraviolet disinfection lamp, 23-Water inlet, 24-Ventilation port, 25-Support leg. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0043] like Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of two built-in modular biological slow filtration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection water purification devices according to the present invention. Figure 1 Includes four crossflow biological slow filtration modules 1, Figure 2 It includes four downflow biological slow filtration modules 2, a fixed base 20, a water collection column 3, and an ultraviolet disinfection lamp 22.

[0044] like Figure 1 as well as Figure 2As shown, four biological slow-filtration module interfaces are provided at the bottom of the water collection column 2. The outlets of the transverse flow biological slow-filtration module 1 or the downflow biological slow-filtration module 2 are connected to the slow-filtration module interfaces of the water collection column 2 via flexible hoses. The fixed base 20 is connected to the water collection column 3 via threaded connections or other means. The transverse flow biological slow-filtration module 1 or the downflow biological slow-filtration module 2 is placed on the fixed base 20 and fixed with screws.

[0045] like Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1 and the downflow biological slow filtration module 2 are respectively equipped with a transverse flow open inlet slope 4 and a downflow open inlet slope 17, with both types of open inlet slopes having a certain inclination angle; both types of open inlet slopes are equipped with inclined inlet screens with a mesh size of 150 mesh. The transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1 is equipped with triple water-isolated baffles (first water-isolated baffle 6, second water-isolated baffle 7, and third water-isolated baffle 8), which are evenly and alternately distributed within the transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1. An inlet screen is set between the water-isolated baffles and the top or bottom of the biological slow filtration module 1. This arrangement increases the water flow path and improves the filtration efficiency. The transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1 is divided into four compartments by the water-isolated baffles, each compartment being filled with a different filter medium; among them, the first compartment 10 is filled with 0.6mm volcanic rock particles; the remaining compartments are filled with 0.6mm quartz sand; the volcanic rock particles in the first compartment 10 have a high specific surface area and contain abundant trace elements, which can shorten the biofilm formation cycle. The outlet of the transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1 is equipped with a 150-mesh support net 16 and a flow regulating valve 9. The support net 16 is used to prevent the filter media from escaping into the pipeline, and the flow regulating valve 9 is used to reduce the filtration rate.

[0046] Downstream biological slow filtration module 2, such as Figure 4 As shown, the downflow open inlet ramp 17 is located at the top of the module. The downflow open inlet ramp 17 is detachable and includes a 150-mesh screen. The filter media in the downflow biological slow filtration module 2 consists of a support layer 19 and a filter bed 18 from bottom to top. The support layer is 10cm high and filled with 2-3cm of gravel and 2-3mm of coarse sand. The filter bed is 60cm high and filled with 0.3mm of quartz sand.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the water collection column 3 is a closed column, and untreated water from the water cellar cannot enter the water collection column 3; the top of the water collection column 3 is provided with a water inlet 23 and a vent 24. Both the water inlet 23 and the vent 24 can be connected to flexible hoses, and the vent 24 is used to balance the air pressure inside the column.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection lamp 22 is installed inside the water collection column 3, located at the center of the bottom of the water collection column 3. The power cord of the UV disinfection lamp 22 is connected to an external power source through the vent 24, and the UV disinfection lamp is turned on and off by a power switch. The power switch of the UV disinfection lamp 22 is a timer switch, turning on for 5 minutes every 12 hours, reducing the waiting time for water collection and extending the life of the UV disinfection lamp 22 as much as possible.

[0049] In this embodiment of the built-in modular biological slow filtration water purification device, each biological slow filtration module has the same size and structure. The horizontal flow biological slow filtration module 1 is 30cm high and made of rigid plastic. The downward flow biological slow filtration module 3 is 70cm high and made of rigid plastic. The fixed base 20 is made of stainless steel. The water collection column 3 is made of food-grade ABS plastic.

[0050] The working process of the water purification device with built-in modular biological slow filtration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection of the present invention is as follows:

[0051] The water purification device is placed in a water cellar. Driven by a high water head, the water first enters either the horizontal flow biological slow filtration module 1 or the downward flow biological slow filtration module 2. After physical filtration by the filter media in either module and biological treatment by the biofilm within the module, the water flows into a collection column where it is deeply sterilized by ultraviolet disinfection lamps 22. The treated water, after being thoroughly disinfected by ultraviolet light to kill any remaining microorganisms, is then pumped out for use. During pumping, vents 24 help balance the air pressure within the collection column.

[0052] In the initial stage of device operation, the transverse flow biological slow filtration module 1 or the downflow biological slow filtration module 2 removes pollutants through physical processes such as interception and adsorption. As the device operates, microorganisms in the water cellar colonize and grow at the inlet of the biological slow filtration module 1 or the downflow biological slow filtration module 2, forming a dense biofilm layer containing a rich variety of microorganisms on the surface of the filter media. This biofilm can effectively trap suspended particles in the water and decompose complex organic matter and reduce and oxidize various ions through the synergistic effect between microorganisms, effectively removing pollutants such as turbidity, color, microorganisms, and organic matter from the water cellar, thus enhancing the device's treatment effect on the water in the water cellar.

[0053] If the device becomes clogged after prolonged operation, the biological slow filtration module can be removed, its surface rinsed, and then reinstalled in the water tank. If the biological slow filtration module is severely clogged and its filtration function cannot be restored by surface cleaning, a new biological slow filtration module can be directly replaced to restart the device.

[0054] Experimental results of the transverse flow built-in biofiltration device under laboratory conditions:

[0055] A small-scale test device with built-in biofiltration coupled with ultraviolet disinfection was constructed in the laboratory. The biofiltration module was approximately 30 cm high, with three internal baffles and a theoretical filtration depth of 90 cm. The biofilm layer was filled with 0.6 mm granular activated carbon, and the remaining compartments were filled with 0.3 mm quartz sand. The biofiltration module was placed at the bottom of a simulated water tank with a simulated water level of 1.5 m, and a cold water bath was used to maintain the water temperature at 10°C. The module outlet was connected to a flow regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of the biofiltration module (5 ml / min). -1 )

[0056] Slightly polluted water enters the biological slow filtration module under gravity, and after being filtered by the biological slow filtration module, it flows into the collection tank; the water effluent from the slow filtration module is sampled and tested after being irradiated with ultraviolet light inside the tank for 5 minutes.

[0057] The average influent water quality is as follows: turbidity 9.06 NTU, color 10⁶ Pt-Co, and colony count 9628 CFU·mL. -1 .

[0058] The built-in biological slow filtration device was operated for 132 days without any maintenance on the biological slow filtration module. The biological slow filtration module was still able to operate normally with only slight head loss, demonstrating its potential for long-term operation.

[0059] After the device is operating stably, the effluent turbidity is less than 1 NTU, the color is less than 15 Pt-Co, and the effluent bacterial count is less than 100 CFU·mL. -1 It meets the standards set by my country's "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB5749-2006).

[0060] In summary, the device of the present invention can operate stably in the low temperature and high water level environment of rainwater collection cellars in Northwest villages and towns during winter, and can effectively remove conventional pollutants in the cellars. The device of the present invention has the characteristics of long cycle operation and low maintenance frequency, and is suitable for the treatment of slightly polluted cellar water in the low temperature areas of Northwest villages and towns during winter, and can ensure the safety of drinking water for people in the region in the long term.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating drinking water, comprising the following steps: The built-in modular biological slow filtration device is placed inside a rainwater collection cellar, water tank, or underground water storage module. The water to be purified enters the biological slow filtration module under the drive of a high water head, and then enters the water collection column. After disinfection, the purified water is obtained. The built-in modular biological slow filtration device includes at least one biological slow filtration module and a water collection column. The water collection column is set on a fixed base. The biofiltration module includes two forms: a crossflow biofiltration module and a downflow biofiltration module. The transverse flow biological slow filtration module includes several water-impermeable baffles, which are arranged alternately between adjacent water-impermeable baffles. A water inlet net is provided between the water-proof baffle and the top or bottom of the biological slow filtration module. Under the action of the water-proof baffle, the water to be purified flows forward in the biological slow filtration module. The downflow biological slow filtration module contains only the filter medium. Both types of biological slow filtration modules are equipped with water outlets, which are connected to the water collection column. The biological slow filtration module is equipped with an open inlet slope, and the open inlet slope is equipped with a 150-mesh inclined inlet screen. The open inlet slope on the transverse flow biological slow filtration module is located on the side; Along the direction of water flow, the transverse flow biological slow filtration module is divided into a first compartment, several intermediate compartments, and an end compartment by a water-blocking baffle. The first compartment is filled with 0.3-0.9 mm volcanic rock particles, granular activated carbon, or biological ceramic particles. The intermediate compartments are filled with 0.3-0.9 mm quartz sand, river sand, or sea sand. The end compartment is filled with 0.3-0.9 mm granular activated carbon. The open inlet slope on the downflow biological slow filtration module is located at the top; from bottom to top, the filter media sequentially form a support layer with a height greater than 10cm and a filter bed with a height greater than 60cm. The filter media used in the support layer are gravel, pebbles, river sand, quartz sand, volcanic rock and modified products of the above filter media with a particle size of 2mm to 3cm, which are large-particle filter media. The filter bed uses fine-particle filter media of 0.1~0.6mm, such as river sand, quartz sand, sea sand, activated carbon, biochar, volcanic rock, bio-ceramic particles, and modified products of the above filter media. With the water collection column as the center, any number of the biological slow filtration modules are arranged around the water collection column; The water collection column is equipped with ultraviolet disinfection lamps. The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is located at the bottom of the water collection column; The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is connected to a power switch located outside the water collection column via a waterproof cable.

2. The drinking water treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-slow filtration module is connected to the fixed base.

3. The drinking water treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The biological slow filtration module is equipped with a flow regulating valve at its outlet.

4. The drinking water treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fixed base has three or more support legs; the top of the water collection column has a vent.

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