A Maritime Emergency Search and Rescue Meteorological Early Warning Method Based on Over-the-Horizon Ground Wave Radar

Abstract

The present invention discloses a meteorological early warning method for maritime emergency search and rescue based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar, including: setting monitoring points to determine the water monitoring range; obtaining ship data within the water monitoring range based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; locating the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar to obtain the position of the wrecked ship; conducting a meteorological assessment on the position of the wrecked ship to obtain the assessment result; planning based on the assessment result to obtain an emergency search and rescue plan; and searching and rescuing the wrecked ship based on the emergency search and rescue plan. The present invention further enriches the AIS signal coverage and data continuity in the mid-sea area by fusing shore-based AIS, satellite AIS, and ship-borne AIS data, and uses over-the-horizon radar to effectively expand the monitoring distance of maritime targets and the accurate monitoring of maritime mobile targets. At the same time, over-the-horizon ground wave radar is used to obtain meteorological information, realize meteorological prediction of the position of the wrecked ship, and improve the safety of maritime search and rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine meteorological warning, and in particular relates to a marine emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar. Background Art

[0002] Maritime search and rescue refers to the search and rescue work done by the state or department in response to maritime accidents. Maritime search and rescue requires strong technical system support. It is far from enough to rely on individual strength alone. Therefore, it is necessary to build a systematic and mature maritime search and rescue plan.

[0003] Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a new navigation aid system used for maritime safety and communication between ships and shores, and between ships. It is usually composed of a VHF communicator, a GPS locator, and a communication controller connected to a shipboard display and sensor, and can automatically exchange important information such as ship position, speed, heading, ship name, call sign, etc.

[0004] However, in the existing maritime search and rescue technology, although satellite AIS can cover the global offshore waters, it is limited by the number of operating satellites. The amount of information transmitted based solely on the satellite AIS system is small, and information is mainly transmitted in the form of short messages. The content is limited to heading, route, speed, etc., and important information such as ship type, cargo on board, and personnel on board cannot be effectively obtained. In addition, with the development of maritime transportation, the number of users of ship AIS has increased sharply. Due to the limitation of information transmission frequency band, it is difficult to further expand the acquisition and transmission of AIS information. There are problems such as incomplete AIS signal acquisition in some areas and insufficient real-time information transmission rate. At the same time, the existing maritime search and rescue scheme cannot achieve the accurate location of the wrecked ship based on the weather. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a marine emergency search and rescue weather warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a marine emergency search and rescue weather warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Set up monitoring points and determine the monitoring scope of the water area;

[0008] Constructing a monitoring point AIS and a ship AIS and acquiring ship data within the water area monitoring range based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; the ship data includes ship mass and ship height;

[0009] Locate the wrecked ship based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar to obtain the location of the wrecked ship;

[0010] Conduct a meteorological assessment of the position of the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar to obtain an assessment result;

[0011] Based on the assessment result, make a plan to obtain an emergency search and rescue plan;

[0012] Conduct search and rescue for the wrecked ship based on the emergency search and rescue plan.

[0013] Optionally, the process of determining the water area monitoring range includes:

[0014] Extend 200 nautical miles eastward beyond the territorial sea where the monitoring point is located to obtain the water area monitoring range.

[0015] Optionally, the process of constructing the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS and obtaining the ship data within the water area monitoring range based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS includes:

[0016] Install satellite transponder devices on the monitoring point and the ship respectively to obtain the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS;

[0017] Obtain the ship data based on the ship AIS, and transmit the ship data to the monitoring point AIS based on the satellite transponder device.

[0018] Optionally, the process of positioning the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar includes:

[0019] Based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar, emit electromagnetic waves, and use the water mist layer formed by sea surface evaporation as the conduction medium of the electromagnetic waves to make the electromagnetic waves cover the water area monitoring range;

[0020] Obtain the reflected wave based on the ionosphere, and based on the electromagnetic reflection signal difference between the metal hull medium of the wrecked ship and the sea water medium of the sea surface, assist the AIS ship information to position the position of the wrecked ship, and fill the dynamic capture of the shipwreck state within the AIS update frequency interval.

[0021] Optionally, the process of conducting a meteorological assessment of the position of the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar includes:

[0022] Based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar, conduct early warnings of wind, waves and currents at the position of the wrecked ship, and based on the influence characteristics of wind, waves and currents on the water surface state and the atmospheric ionosphere, and according to the multi-stage reflection loss characteristics of the ground wave radar between the water surface and the ionosphere, obtain meteorological information and sea condition information;

[0023] Based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information, predict the wave height and wind speed at the position of the wrecked ship;

[0024] Based on the wave height and the ship height, obtain the search and rescue time limit;

[0025] Obtain the floating speed of the ship based on the wind speed and the ship mass;

[0026] Obtain the evaluation result based on the search and rescue time and the floating speed of the ship.

[0027] Optionally, the process of predicting the wave height and wind speed at the position of the shipwreck based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information includes:

[0028] Obtain the historical meteorological data at the position of the shipwreck;

[0029] Based on the historical meteorological data, construct a meteorological prediction model using a regression algorithm, input the meteorological information and the sea condition information into the meteorological prediction model, and obtain the predicted values of the wave height and wind speed at the position of the shipwreck.

[0030] Optionally, the process of obtaining the search and rescue time limit based on the wave height and the ship height includes:

[0031] Predict the wave height to obtain the time when the wave height reaches the ship height;

[0032] Obtain the intermediate duration between the time when the wave height reaches the ship height and the current time, and use the intermediate duration as the search and rescue time limit.

[0033] Optionally, the process of obtaining the floating speed of the ship based on the wind speed and the ship mass includes:

[0034] Calculate the wind force using Bernoulli's equation based on the wind speed;

[0035] Calculate the floating speed of the ship based on the wind force and the ship mass.

[0036] Optionally, the process of making a plan based on the evaluation result includes:

[0037] Obtain the minimum distance between the monitoring point and the position of the shipwreck;

[0038] Obtain the floating distance of the ship based on the floating speed of the ship and the search and rescue time limit;

[0039] Obtain the total search and rescue distance based on the minimum distance and the floating distance of the ship;

[0040] Obtain the minimum search and rescue speed based on the total search and rescue distance and the search and rescue time limit.

[0041] The technical effect of the present invention is:

[0042] The present invention proposes a maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar. By fusing shore-based AIS, satellite AIS, and shipborne AIS data, the information channel is opened up, further enriching the AIS signal coverage and data continuity in the mid- and far-sea regions. The over-the-horizon radar is used to effectively expand the monitoring distance of maritime targets and accurately monitor moving maritime targets. At the same time, the over-the-horizon ground wave radar is used to obtain meteorological information at the accident location, realize meteorological prediction of the accident ship's position, accurately obtain the search and rescue plan according to the prediction result, and improve the safety of maritime search and rescue. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0045] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The following will refer to the drawings and combine the embodiments to detail this application.

[0046] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar, including the following steps:

[0049] Set monitoring points and determine the water area monitoring range;

[0050] Construct monitoring point AIS and ship AIS and obtain ship data within the water area monitoring range based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; the ship data includes ship mass and ship height.

[0051] Locate the accident ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar and obtain the position of the accident ship;

[0052] Conduct meteorological assessment on the position of the accident ship and obtain the assessment result;

[0053] Plan based on the assessment result and obtain an emergency search and rescue plan;

[0054] Search and rescue the shipwrecked ship based on the emergency search and rescue plan.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of determining the water area monitoring range includes: in terms of sea area division, according to the sea area division rules, the sea area within 200 nautical miles from the continental coast is the inshore sea area. Therefore, considering comprehensively, the boundary water area extending 200 nautical miles eastward beyond the monitoring point is the water area monitoring range for this time.

[0056] Based on shore-based AIS and satellite AIS, in order to further improve the coverage and comprehensiveness of AIS data, the maritime mobile AIS activity nodes are connected. In this embodiment, by installing satellite transponder devices on cooperative ships, the AIS signals obtained by the ships are sent to the shore station in real time. The on-board AIS is combined with the satellite transponder device to make the cooperative ship a maritime AIS mobile station. By integrating the shore-based AIS, satellite AIS, and on-board AIS data, the information channel is connected, and the AIS signal coverage and data continuity in the mid- and far-sea areas are further enriched. The on-board AIS mobile station has extremely good results after statistics. For example, in the South China Sea area, the number of ships received within 24 hours increased by 389% year-on-year, and the number of ship position information increased by 87 times year-on-year. By integrating shore-based, on-board, and satellite AIS data, the ship information in the mid- and far-sea waters can be further improved.

[0057] In summary, as a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of constructing the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS and obtaining the ship data within the water area monitoring range based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS includes: respectively installing satellite transponder devices on the monitoring point and the ship to obtain the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; obtaining the ship data based on the ship AIS, and transmitting the ship data to the monitoring point AIS based on the satellite transponder device.

[0058] Generally, marine detection radars use the reflection of radio waves to locate marine targets. Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation and usually propagate in a straight line. Therefore, the curvature of the earth usually limits the detection range of radar systems for objects beyond the horizon.

[0059] Based on the above technical problems, this embodiment samples over-the-horizon radars and uses a variety of technologies for over-the-horizon detection:

[0060] Utilize ionospheric reflection

[0061] The over-the-horizon radar utilizing ionospheric reflection is an emerging ocean monitoring technology. By taking advantage of the characteristic that short waves have small attenuation during diffraction propagation over the conductive ocean surface and using a vertically polarized antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves, it can detect moving targets such as ships, aircraft, icebergs, and missiles that appear below the sea level line of sight. The radar echo also contains sea condition information such as wind fields, wave fields, and current fields, which is of great significance for realizing large-scale and all-weather real-time monitoring of the ocean environment. The over-the-horizon radar utilizing ionospheric reflection has diverse detection information and functional advantages such as over-the-horizon, large-scale, and all-weather, and can achieve an effective maritime target monitoring distance of 150 km.

[0062] Utilizing the sea surface waveguide

[0063] Using the water mist layer formed by evaporation on the sea surface as the conduction medium for X-band radar electromagnetic waves, the radar electromagnetic waves no longer propagate in a straight-line transmission manner but rely on the water mist layer waveguide to propagate close to the sea surface to achieve over-the-horizon target detection. This type of over-the-horizon radar has extremely high detection efficiency and can accurately monitor moving targets at sea more than 200 km away.

[0064] The over-the-horizon detection radar overcomes the limitation of the earth's curvature on the radar detection distance and can achieve active detection of long-distance maritime targets. To achieve active monitoring of ships in mid- and far-sea waters, the radar detection ability and coverage need to be significantly enhanced. Relying on "land, sea, and air" radar carrier platforms such as islands and reefs, offshore oil platforms, large sea patrol ship platforms, and air patrol aircraft in mid- and far-sea waters, planning and designing fixed radar stations and mobile sea patrol and air patrol radar stations, and constructing an active radar monitoring network are of great significance for realizing ship monitoring in mid- and far-sea waters.

[0065] In summary, the process of positioning a shipwreck based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar in this embodiment includes:

[0066] Based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar to emit electromagnetic waves, using the water mist layer formed by sea surface evaporation as the conduction medium for the electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves cover the water area monitoring range;

[0067] Based on the ionosphere to obtain reflected waves, and based on the difference in electromagnetic reflection signals between the metal hull medium of the shipwreck and the sea water medium of the sea surface, assisting with AIS ship information to locate the position of the shipwreck and filling the gap in dynamically capturing the shipwreck state during the AIS update frequency interval.

[0068] The over-the-horizon ground wave radar can be used not only for the rough positioning of the shipwreck position but also for monitoring the sea condition and meteorology in the shipwreck area with higher accuracy than meteorological forecasts. Therefore, the process of using the over-the-horizon ground wave radar in this embodiment to conduct meteorological assessment of the shipwreck position includes:

[0069] Obtain the meteorological information and sea condition information of the location of the shipwreck using an over-the-horizon ground wave radar, and predict the wave height and wind speed at the location of the shipwreck based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information;

[0070] Obtain the search and rescue time limit based on the wave height and the ship height;

[0071] Obtain the ship's floating speed based on the wind speed and the ship's mass;

[0072] Obtain the evaluation result based on the search and rescue time and the ship's floating speed.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of predicting the wave height and wind speed at the location of the shipwreck based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information includes: obtaining the historical meteorological data of the location of the shipwreck; based on the historical meteorological data, using a regression algorithm to construct a meteorological prediction model, reflecting the correlation between the historical meteorological data and the actual wind force and wave height through the meteorological prediction model, and finally inputting the meteorological information and sea condition information detected by the over-the-horizon ground wave radar into the meteorological prediction model to obtain the predicted values of the wave height and wind speed at the location of the shipwreck.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of obtaining the search and rescue time limit based on the wave height and the ship height includes: predicting the wave height, obtaining the time when the wave height reaches the ship height, obtaining the intermediate duration between the time when the wave height reaches the ship height and the current time, and taking the intermediate duration as the search and rescue time limit.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of obtaining the ship's floating speed based on the wind speed and the ship's mass includes: calculating the wind force based on the wind speed using Bernoulli's equation; calculating the ship's floating speed based on the wind force and the ship's mass.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the process of making a plan based on the evaluation result includes: obtaining the minimum distance between the monitoring point and the location of the shipwreck; obtaining the ship's floating distance based on the ship's floating speed and the search and rescue time limit; obtaining the total search and rescue distance based on the minimum distance and the ship's floating distance; obtaining the minimum search and rescue speed based on the total search and rescue distance and the search and rescue time limit.

[0077] As mentioned above, only the preferred specific embodiments of the present application are described, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on an over-the-horizon ground wave radar, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Set up monitoring points and determine the water area monitoring scope; Construct the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS, and obtain the ship data within the water area monitoring scope based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; the ship data includes ship mass and ship height; Locate the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar and obtain the position of the wrecked ship; Conduct a meteorological assessment of the position of the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar and obtain the assessment result; Make a plan based on the assessment result and obtain an emergency search and rescue plan; Conduct search and rescue for the wrecked ship based on the emergency search and rescue plan; The process of locating the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar includes: Transmit electromagnetic waves based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar, and use the water mist layer formed by sea surface evaporation as the conduction medium of the electromagnetic waves to make the electromagnetic waves cover the water area monitoring scope; Obtain the reflected wave based on the ionosphere, and assist the AIS ship information to locate the position of the wrecked ship based on the electromagnetic reflection signal difference between the metal hull medium of the wrecked ship and the sea water medium of the sea surface, so as to dynamically capture the shipwreck state within the AIS update frequency interval; The process of conducting a meteorological assessment of the position of the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar includes: Give early warnings of wind, wave and current at the position of the wrecked ship based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar, and obtain meteorological information and sea condition information based on the influence characteristics of wind, wave and current on the water surface state and the atmospheric ionosphere and the multi-level reflection loss characteristics of the ground wave radar between the water surface and the ionosphere; Predict the wave height and wind speed at the position of the wrecked ship based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information; Obtain the search and rescue time limit based on the wave height and the ship height; Obtain the ship floating speed based on the wind speed and the ship mass; Obtain the assessment result based on the search and rescue time and the ship floating speed.

2. The method for maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological early warning based on over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, wherein The process of determining the water area monitoring scope includes: Extend 200 nautical miles eastward beyond the territorial sea where the monitoring point is located to obtain the water area monitoring scope.

3. The maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, wherein The process of constructing the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS and obtaining the ship data within the water area monitoring scope based on the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS includes: Install satellite transponder devices on the monitoring point and the ship respectively to obtain the monitoring point AIS and the ship AIS; Obtain the ship data based on the ship AIS, and transmit the ship data to the monitoring point AIS based on the satellite transponder device.

4. The marine emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, wherein The process of predicting the wave height and wind speed at the position of the wrecked ship based on the meteorological information and the sea condition information includes: Obtain the historical meteorological data at the position of the wrecked ship; Based on the historical meteorological data, construct a meteorological prediction model using the regression algorithm, input the meteorological information and the sea condition information into the meteorological prediction model, and obtain the predicted values of the wave height and wind speed at the position of the wrecked ship.

5. The maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological early warning method based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, wherein, The process of obtaining the search and rescue time limit based on the wave height and the ship height includes: Predict the wave height and obtain the time when the wave height reaches the ship height; Obtain the intermediate duration between the time when the sea wave height reaches the ship height and the current time, and use the intermediate duration as the search and rescue time limit.

6. The maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological early warning method based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of obtaining the floating speed of the ship based on the wind speed and the ship mass includes: Based on the wind speed, calculate the wind force using Bernoulli's equation; Based on the wind force and the ship mass, calculate the floating speed of the ship.

7. The maritime emergency search and rescue meteorological warning method based on the over-the-horizon ground wave radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of making a plan based on the evaluation result includes: Obtain the minimum distance between the monitoring point and the position of the ship in distress; Based on the floating speed of the ship and the search and rescue time limit, obtain the floating distance of the ship; Based on the minimum distance and the floating distance of the ship, obtain the total search and rescue distance; Based on the total search and rescue distance and the search and rescue time limit, obtain the minimum search and rescue speed.

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