Method for automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories, including the following steps: 1) data preparation for well location deployment and automated trajectory arrangement; 2) delineation and classification of different types of regions based on surface and geological conditions; 3) classification of well-arrangeable areas according to landforms and geological conditions; 4) automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories according to well arrangement and trajectory requirements. The present invention automatically arranges horizontal well trajectories by comprehensively considering surface topography and underground geological conditions, and realizes quantitative evaluation and scoring optimization including ground excavation and landfill earthwork workload, drilling footage workload, and underground target layer resource utilization level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an optimization method for realizing automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories, and belongs to data processing automation in the field of electronic information and the informationization category of petroleum and natural gas industry. Background Art

[0002] Well location demonstration and deployment are important tasks throughout the various stages of oil exploration and development, including early risk exploration and resource evaluation, mid-term production increase and rolling development, and late-stage densification of wells to achieve stable production. Among them, the layout of horizontal well trajectories in the development stage must be considered from the aspects of saving ground engineering workload as much as possible, maximizing the scientific use of underground target layer oil and gas resources, and coordinating the oil and gas gathering and transportation of the block. In the past few decades, the layout of horizontal well trajectories has evolved from human perceptual survey, hand-drawn precise mapping, computer graphics control to the recently emerging digital oilfield development, and the combination of development well trajectory layout and computer technology has become increasingly close. However, the main work of designing horizontal well trajectory layout in China currently relies on field surveys, indoor mapping adjustments, and on-site well location re-surveys, which consumes a lot of man-hours, has strong subjective factors, and is highly multi-solution. Often, due to objective reasons, a few well locations need to be adjusted, which will disrupt the established deployment, resulting in repeated investment and waste of man-hours. It is urgent to develop a new optimization method for automatic layout of horizontal well trajectories that adapts to the rapid development of current computer software and hardware.

[0003] After searching national invention patents, and searching for "automatic arrangement of well trajectories" and "automatic well placement" which are highly relevant to this case, no entries were found in the Chinese invention patent database, while there was one similar entry in the international invention patent database: Automated Well Placement for Reservoir Evaluation, application number US14509325, application date 2014.10.08, inventors Artem Mikhaylovich Baranov & Kathleen L Baker; patent owner (assignee) Chevron USA Inc., the invention describes in detail the working method of well location deployment, especially computer-oriented automatic well placement, but is limited to the proposal and explanation of concepts such as human-computer interaction, and does not provide detailed solutions or implementation steps.In addition, in terms of domestic invention patents, the following results are obtained by searching the keyword “well location deployment”: (1) “Quantitative numerical screening and evaluation method for well location survey (CN109345082A)”, application date 2018.09.07, status under examination-under examination, the invention discloses a quantitative numerical screening and evaluation method for well location survey, which involves the field of oil and gas exploration and development, including digital processing of survey data, dividing the on-site surface elevation map into rectangular or square blocks, calculating the ground, prohibited building scores, and water source road scores of each block; secondly, according to the surface terrain scores, prohibited buildings, and water source road scores of each block, The feasibility of building a well site on the ground is evaluated by calculating the comprehensive score of each block based on the building score and the water source road score; (2) "Ultra-deep low-porosity fractured sandstone gas reservoir well layout method and device (CN106246158B)", the authorization date is 2018.08.10, the status is authorized, this invention focuses on the optimization of underground well deployment with exploration and development value, and provides an ultra-deep low-porosity fractured sandstone gas reservoir well layout method and device, according to the first factor affecting the drilling success rate, the feasible area of ​​the well site deployment of the gas reservoir is determined; according to the second factor affecting the gas well production, the high-yield area of ​​the well site deployment of the gas reservoir is determined; according to the second factor affecting the gas well production, the high-yield area of ​​the well site deployment of the gas reservoir is determined; according to the second factor affecting the gas well production, the high-yield area of ​​the well site deployment of the gas reservoir is determined; The third factor of stable production is to determine the stable production area of ​​the wells in the gas reservoir; to superimpose the feasible area of ​​the wells, the high production area of ​​the wells and the stable production area of ​​the wells, to determine the well layout area of ​​the gas reservoir, and to deploy the wells in the well layout area. According to the invention authorization text, the determined well layout area satisfies the requirements of geological success, high production and stable production at the same time, so that the deployment in the determined well layout area can realize the deployment of efficient wells with both high production and stable production under the condition of ensuring a high drilling success rate; (3) "Optimal well layout method and device for small fault block oil reservoirs (CN10 7939372B)", application date 2017.10.23, authorization date 2020.03.06, status is authorized-record change, the invention discloses an optimal well location deployment method and device for small fault block oil reservoirs, belonging to the field of petroleum extraction technology, including determining the proportion of injection and production units in the block, extracting the geometric boundaries of the block, determining the initial well location within the geometric boundaries of the block, adding injection and production units one by one and optimizing the well location of the newly added injection and production units until the recovery rate or net present value no longer increases, and selecting the most appropriate number of injection and production units according to the relationship curve between the number of injection and production units and the recovery rate and the actual target.(4) “Offshore integrated mining and repair platform rolling well deployment method (CN109973070A)”, application date 2019.03.26, status is under examination-under examination, the invention provides an offshore integrated mining and repair platform rolling well deployment method, the offshore integrated mining and repair platform rolling well deployment method includes analyzing reservoir properties according to seismic data description, analyzing the oil content of sand bodies by using a step-by-step analysis method, designing targets according to the development of sand bodies and the relationship between the platform and the sand bodies, simulating well trajectories and designing spare well locations according to the well trajectories, and predicting the sand bodies encountered by the wells and determining multiple sets of perforation plans; (5) “Normal pressure shale gas enrichment and high-yield target optimization method based on three-factor gas control (CN 110242289A)", application date 2019.06.06, status is substantive examination-under examination, the invention discloses a method for optimizing high-yield targets of atmospheric shale gas enrichment based on three-factor gas control, and scores and optimizes favorable areas in different blocks by assigning fixed weights to some geological parameters. After investigation and analysis, except for the US invention patent, none of the above patents mentioned the concept of automatic well layout. A few of them have some explanations on quantitative evaluation scoring and optimization, but they often give fixed weights, and some only consider the construction of surface well sites, while others only consider the optimization of underground geological resources. There is a lack of computer implementation solutions for comprehensive evaluation and automatic well layout that take into account both surface geography and underground geology.

[0004] In addition, CN101872024B discloses a method for well site deployment using time-lapse seismic, and CN103116186A discloses a method for determining the volume of a small-scale heterogeneous reservoir. Both are aimed at the application of seismic data processing and interpretation in well site deployment and block evaluation. The former focuses on the technical means of pre-stack data processing and inversion to achieve the prediction of reservoir parameter changes and then realize well site deployment, while the latter tends to describe the fracture-cavity system and is a methodology for seismic data processing, which tends to improve the processing and interpretation accuracy and effect of a small professional range. Since the former only has a single modeling, it is usually a unique solution that lacks comparison. The latter is the same as above, and both have the ability to highlight the selection and optimization, and list many arrangement and deployment plans. The former mainly uses logging and seismic data, while the latter pays more attention to the application of seismic data, which is relatively single and difficult to form a large-scale well site deployment plan that takes into account all aspects.

[0005] In terms of literature research, searching for terms related to "well location deployment" and "automatic well location deployment" yields the following entries: (1) Application of oilfield exploration well location deployment decision support system, Progress in Exploration Geophysics, August 2009, Zhou Xia et al., Vol. 32, No. 4. This document analyzes and discusses the concept and affairs of Sinopec's well location deployment decision support platform in Shengli Oilfield, and introduces the data management platform design, data management and organization, application and display technology system, supporting software environment design and application effects; (2) Research and application of well location coordinate intelligent generation and screening technology, Computer Programming Skills and Maintenance, No. 13, 2017, Zhang Biao. Based on the traditional anti-nine-point method, anti-seven-point method, five-point method, etc. for traditional development well deployment, this document expands the supported and compatible well location deployment methods and provides computer software-supported solutions. However, none of the above documents mentions the content of automatic well location or deployment.

[0006] In summary, the arrangement of horizontal well trajectories needs to comprehensively consider the surface topography, underground geological conditions, and technical and economic indicators of drilling operations. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new decision-making process and method that comprehensively considers geological, geographical, technical and economic indicators. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide a method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories. The present invention automatically arranges horizontal well trajectories by comprehensively considering the surface topography and underground geological conditions, and realizes quantitative evaluation and scoring optimization including the workload of ground excavation and landfilling earthwork, the workload of drilling footage, and the level of resource utilization of underground target layers.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0010] 1) Data preparation for well location deployment and trajectory layout automation: select and digitize the area and corresponding boundaries for automatic horizontal well trajectory layout, grid the area to be selected for trajectory layout to complete the horizontal well trajectory layout work area, digitize the landform and geological elements respectively, and delineate the surface and underground effective working areas of the horizontal well trajectory layout according to the established landform and geological element data;

[0011] 2) Determine the optimization plan for the utilization of underground target layer resources: set the prerequisites for the optimization plan for the utilization of target layer resources, determine the basic working area micro-element for automatic layout trajectory according to the well group specifications of the development platform, and obtain the underground resource area utilization coefficient under the engineering design conditions based on the basic working area micro-element;

[0012] 3) Establishing the evaluation index of oil and gas resource development in the underground target layer: Establishing the engineering evaluation index of oil and gas resource development in the target layer and the geological evaluation index of oil and gas resource development;

[0013] 4) Establish an arrangement function and find its extreme value, and automatically arrange the horizontal well trajectory according to the well layout and trajectory requirements.

[0014] In the step 1), the area and corresponding boundaries for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories are selected and digitized, including:

[0015] a. Establish the coordinate system scale for the working area where horizontal wells will be arranged: use geodetic coordinates globally;

[0016] b. Construction of surface geographic information map: Select topographic map as surface geographic information map;

[0017] c. Construction of underground geological information map: Select underground geological map and construction drawing and align and overlap key coordinates of equal scale; the underground geological information map established in step c is consistent with the scale of the surface geographic information map established in step b and overlaps at key control points;

[0018] d. Determine the horizontal arrangement area and corresponding boundaries: The working range of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement is determined by enveloping the discrete control coordinate points on the boundary of the working area and their first-order connecting lines.

[0019] In the step 1), the gridding of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement work area includes: initially gridding the area to be selected for the arrangement trajectory as required, assuming that the minimum grid side length is m meters, m∈Z + The square area is set to have a north-south span j in the global geodetic coordinates, j∈Z + The smallest grid, with a span of q in the east-west direction, q∈Z + The minimum grid, then the working area of ​​the horizontal well trajectory arrangement after gridding is the product of the north-south span, the west-east span and the minimum grid area, that is: S = j × q × m 2 .

[0020] In the step 1), the digitization of landforms and geological elements respectively includes: grouping the surface landform elements and underground geological elements according to types and numbers respectively, and establishing a shape information matrix according to the properties of the control points of the three-dimensional working surface in the working area.

[0021] In the step 1), the effective surface and underground working areas of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement are respectively delineated, including the effective working area delineation of the wellhead and well site ancillary facilities placement and the effective working area delineation of the development target layer trajectory arrangement.

[0022] In step 2), the prerequisites for setting the target layer resource mobilization optimization solution include:

[0023] a. Determine the length range of the horizontal section of the horizontal well in a specific development layer:

[0024] Assume that the maximum deviated depth index dx of the horizontal well is determined according to the experience of the area where the horizontal well trajectory is arranged, the buried depth of the drilling target layer above sea level hm, and the maximum horizontal section length Dmax is approximately the difference between the maximum deviated depth recommended by the engineering in the working area and the absolute value of the buried depth above sea level of the drilling layer, that is,

[0025] Dmax=dx-hm

[0026] In addition, the minimum horizontal section length Dmin is determined according to the lower limit of the economic benefit of a single well, the well position and trajectory are digitized, and according to the established wellbore design, the average drilling cost per meter of the vertical well section before entering the established horizontal section and the inclined well section before the horizontal section is Cz. The minimum horizontal section length should meet the condition that the effective gas income is greater than the drilling, pipeline, development and other costs during the effective period of the mining right; let the drilling cost per meter of the horizontal section be Xs, the average natural gas production per meter of a single well in the horizontal section converted into economic income is Es, and the downstream natural gas pipeline cost per meter of a single well is Xg, then

[0027] Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg≥0

[0028] The critical condition should be

[0029] Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg=0

[0030] Therefore

[0031]

[0032] Therefore, it is preliminarily determined that the horizontal section length Ds of a certain well in a certain work area satisfies Ds∈[Dmin,Dmax]

[0033] b. Determination of the spacing between horizontal well trajectories in the same well field: The spacing between horizontal sections in the same layer system development is set to more than 300 meters, and the spacing between horizontal sections in multi-layer stereoscopic development is set to more than 150 meters.

[0034] In step 2), the basic working area micro-element for automatically arranging the trajectory is determined according to the well group specifications of the development platform, including:

[0035] Assume that the boundary of the three-dimensional working surface of the underground target layer is continuous, and set the area of ​​the three-dimensional working surface enclosed by the boundary as S t , and the area controlled by the development horizontal well pattern is S jIn addition, since the horizontal well trajectory is usually perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction in the local area, several groups of horizontal well platforms with well trajectory distribution directions perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction are distributed in the well pattern control area. The spacing between the well trajectories of the same platform is set as j. s , the minimum distance between wells on different platforms is j j , then if the same platform arranges the tracks on both sides of the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, at the maximum inclined depth d x Under the restriction, a single platform has 2 guide eye segments, each guide eye has 3 horizontal segments, and the maximum horizontal segment length is d s and the projection length d of the guide eye section on the working surface t The three-dimensional area controlled by a single platform is approximately regarded as a 2d long s +2d t Width 2j j +2j s Therefore, for a single guide eye with a horizontal segment number of ns, the control area of ​​a single platform is 2d long. s +2d t , width (ns-1)×j s +2×. j Therefore, in the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress, according to the number of horizontal sections of the branch wells arranged on a single platform, the width of the working surface divided by the j-1 groups of straight lines is (ns-1)×j s +2×. . For each working zone, the number of platforms np that can be accommodated is related to the length Lg of the working zone and the span of each platform perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, that is,

[0036]

[0037] In the step 2), obtaining the underground resource area utilization coefficient under the engineering design conditions includes:

[0038] After determining the working area and working area microelement of the automatic layout trajectory, for each working zone with different branch well numbers ns i The unused working surface area sw is defined as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, the residual working surface cn = nsi*(nsi-1)js+2jj

[0041] So we have:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, ns is a variable, and the rest are constants, which are determined according to the actual situation of the work area.

[0044] In the step 3), establishing the target layer oil and gas resource production engineering evaluation index includes:

[0045] The three-dimensional space through which the target layer and the horizontal segment trajectory pass is abstracted into a three-dimensional working surface with a thickness approaching infinitesimal. The altitude or depth of the three-dimensional facade is counted to obtain a set of depth arrays GHV k , where k = 1, 2, 3, ... K, k is a real number, K is the number of sampling points of the three-dimensional working surface altitude or depth, a positive integer; find the median of the array GHV, when K is an even number, the median of the array is GHV m ,and

[0046]

[0047] Correspondingly, if K is an odd number, then

[0048] m=GHV [K+1] / 2

[0049] A reference plane of the underground target layer parallel to the sea level is made through the depth point corresponding to the median of the array; for any sampling point in the three-dimensional working surface, a section of the three-dimensional working surface is made through it. If the clockwise sine value of the angle between the section and the plane perpendicular to the reference plane of the target layer is DC k , then the evaluation coefficient of the relationship between the construction difficulty and the formation inclination during the drilling process is set as DAF k ; In certain specific geological environments, the probability of a sudden change in angle when the track is upturned is P(DU), the probability of a sudden change in angle when the track is downturned is P(DD), the probability of causing track anomaly is P(C), the probability of causing engineering complexity or increased costs under a certain angle cosine is P(DA), P(C|DA) is the conditional probability of causing complexity after the track anomaly occurs, and the average coefficient of the resulting cost increase is IC,DAF k The calculation method is:

[0050]

[0051] In the step 3), in establishing the geological evaluation index of oil and gas resources in the target layer, the quantitative scoring record of any grid in the gridded working area (area j×q) can be marked as S [q , then the total score of the work area is S to ,For the optional to well location deployment schemes, the comprehensive scores of different underground geological conditions can be expressed as

[0052]

[0053] In the step 4), an arrangement function is established and an extreme value is obtained, and the horizontal well trajectory is automatically arranged according to the well layout and trajectory requirements, including: if it is necessary to maximize resource utilization, each group of underground grids needs to be mobilized, then the well location deployment and trajectory optimization arrangement problem is transformed into a total benefit I e The calculation method is as follows:

[0054] I e =E s ×S to -∑JC v ×C dm -C g -DAF k

[0055] For a determined horizontal well trajectory arrangement plan, the variables related to the well location and ancillary facilities are ∑JC v ×C dm -C g , where C g The distance between each surface well site and the centralized natural gas processing station or crude oil gathering station. In the process of selecting the location of the mobile well site, C g is a variable, C dm is also a variable and is related to the straight-line distance between the wellhead location and the selected development area underground. The solution of its equation is converted into the solution of the binary function ∑JC v ×C dm -C g Minimum problem; thus, determine the solution to complete the well location deployment and trajectory layout optimization with maximum resource mobilization and minimum engineering workload.

[0056] The advantages of adopting the present invention are:

[0057] 1. The present invention focuses on designing computer-oriented automatic deployment methods; focuses on the realization of human-computer interaction functions in the field of machine learning, especially the decomposition, quantification and calculation methods of the steps of manual operation in the past, and finally settles on the optimization function design to realize the intelligent selection of geological and engineering factors in large scales and large work areas. "CN101872024B" and "CN103116186A" are both aimed at the application of well site deployment and block evaluation in seismic data processing and interpretation. The former focuses on the technical means of pre-stack data processing and inversion to realize the prediction of reservoir parameter changes and then realize well site deployment. The latter tends to describe the fracture-cavity system, which is the methodology of seismic data processing, and tends to improve the processing and interpretation accuracy and effect of a small professional range.

[0058] 2. The present invention emphasizes optimization and selection, not simply seeking a unique solution. The present invention first simplifies the problem by selecting the work area, gridding and geological segmentation, and further designs an optimized arrangement function to achieve the optimization of many solutions. However, CN101872024B only has a single modeling, which usually lacks a unique solution for comparison. CN103116186A is the same as above, both of which have the ability to highlight selection and optimization, and list many arrangement and deployment solutions.

[0059] 3. The present invention has more application parameters, is comprehensive and has high reliability. The present invention comprehensively considers the main geological and engineering parameters, mainly including ground topography, underground geology and related parameters, among which the ground topography includes ground elevation, well site size, distance from the production and transportation station, etc., and the underground geology includes comprehensive scoring, drilling footage, comprehensive cost, etc. It can include seismic results data, well logging results data and drilling and logging results data, and has strong comprehensiveness and reliability. Correspondingly, CN103116186A mainly uses well logging and seismic data, and CN103116186A pays more attention to the application of seismic data, which is relatively single and difficult to form a large-scale well deployment plan that takes into account all aspects.

[0060] 4. The horizontal well trajectory arrangement speed of this case is faster. Based on the preliminary application and debugging, the core algorithm functionality and code execution efficiency of this case are improved. It takes 2 hours to complete similar workload according to the traditional arrangement method (data collection and collation, parameter entry and manual inspection are not included in the time). The use of this solution can compress the working time to within 20 minutes. Assuming the traditional speed is TC and the time consumed by the new software is TX, the efficiency improvement is (1 / TX-1 / TC) / 1 / TCX100%>560%, that is, quantitatively estimating the completion of the same horizontal well trajectory arrangement workload, the efficiency is improved by 5 times or more with the support of this solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 Arrange the situation before underground working area;

[0062] Figure 2 This is the effect after the horizontal well trajectory is arranged in the underground working area;

[0063] Figure 3 Arrange the previous situation for the ground work area;

[0064] Figure 4 This is the effect after the horizontal well trajectory is arranged in the ground working area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Example 1

[0066] The present invention is a method for realizing automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories, and its implementation steps can be decomposed as follows:

[0067] 1) Automated data preparation for well location deployment and trajectory arrangement;

[0068] 2) Delineation and classification of different types of regions based on surface and geological conditions;

[0069] 3) Classify the areas where wells can be deployed according to the topography and geological conditions;

[0070] 4) Automatically arrange horizontal well trajectories according to well layout and trajectory requirements.

[0071] The specific steps are described as follows:

[0072] 1) Automated data preparation for well location deployment and trajectory arrangement;

[0073] (1) Select and digitize the area and corresponding boundaries for automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories

[0074] In data preparation, we need to establish an appropriate coordinate system, select topographic maps and geological maps of equal scale, pick or input the coordinates of polygon vertices, and complete a series of steps to select the digital boundary of the well layout area. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0075] a. Establish an appropriate coordinate system to mark the working area where the horizontal wells will be laid out.

[0076] Usually, geodetic coordinates are used globally, that is, global geodetic coordinates. In special cases, other coordinate systems including polar coordinates can be used to confirm the relationship between other elements and a special coordinate point.

[0077] b. Construction of surface geographic information maps

[0078] Topographic maps including detailed information such as ground elevation, geographical elements, human settlement elements, geological outcrops and mineral rights information are selected as surface geographic information maps, including but not limited to the following categories: ground numerical elevation and contour lines; names or types of geographical and human settlement elements and geological outcrops, coordinates of control points and key points, etc.; mineral rights boundaries and ownership information; particularly noteworthy factors that must be paid close attention to in the layout of some horizontal wells: including but not limited to ground and shallow factor information such as the passage of national defense optical cables, natural gas pipelines, military and civilian permanent tunnel facilities, coal mines, and oil depots.

[0079] c. Construction of underground geological information maps

[0080] Select underground geological maps and construction drawings including various indicators of underground target reservoirs, faults, structures, and geological and engineering elements of neighboring wells, and align and overlay them with equal-scale key coordinates for use. The underground geological information map established in step c should be consistent with the scale of the surface geographic information map established in step b and overlay them at key control points (key control points are stable, obvious and easy-to-align surface and underground reference markers, usually point markers for coordinate re-measurement, such as wellhead coordinates of neighboring wells, lighthouses, chimneys, etc.

[0081] d. Determine the scope and boundary of the horizontally arranged working area in two ways: First, the working scope of the horizontal well trajectory is determined by enveloping the discrete control coordinate points on the boundary of the working area and their first-order connecting lines; Second, in the case where the coordinates of the discrete control points on the boundary are unclear, a small-scale local vector coordinate system is created on the underground geological map and the surface geographic information map mentioned in the above steps, and the two are superimposed according to the key control points. Subsequently, the discrete control points are selected on the vector coordinate system through manual operation combined with computer software and the global coordinates (usually geodetic coordinates) are read.

[0082] (2) Completion of gridding of the horizontal well trajectory layout work area

[0083] The area of ​​the selected layout trajectory is initially gridded as needed. a. Grid size setting. The grid area size should be smaller than the current minimum area of ​​the well site, usually set to less than 10 meters. Generally, the minimum grid side length is m meters, m∈Z + The square area is set to span j, j∈Z in the north-south direction in the global geodetic coordinates. + The smallest grid, with a span of q in the east-west direction, q∈Z + It should be noted that if the grid at the boundary of the working area is irregular, the irregular grid count is measured as a decimal and is not rounded off. In summary, the working area of ​​the horizontal well trajectory arrangement after gridding is the product of the north-south span, the west-east span and the minimum grid area, that is,

[0084] S=j×q×m 2

[0085] (3) Digitizing landforms and geological elements separately to facilitate data management in the next step

[0086] In order to facilitate data management and analysis, the surface geomorphic elements are grouped according to type and number, and the three-dimensional working surface control points in the working area are established in the form of (category, horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate, elevation or altitude) T The information matrix is ​​used to group underground geological elements according to their types and numbers, and establish a three-dimensional working surface control point in the working area in the form of (category, horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate, depth / core filling altitude) TThe information matrix of surface geomorphic elements is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] The underground geological element information matrix is ​​as follows:

[0089]

[0090] The following is an explanation of the surface geomorphic elements and underground geological elements.

[0091] First, for surface geomorphic elements, geological elements such as rivers, human settlements, cultivated land, high-voltage power stations, tectonic lines and lithologic traps can be abstracted as a set of control points defined by a series of three-dimensional coordinates on the three-dimensional working surface; linear geological elements such as rivers, cables and railways can be regarded as a group of three-dimensional endpoints including elevation or altitude information and a combination of several groups of inflection points and nodes on the abstract three-dimensional working surface of a specific layer in the working area; and geological elements in strip and block shapes such as human settlements, towns and lakes can be abstracted as a collection of control points of the tangent points or multi-segment lines of the curves enveloping the element area; it can be seen that the information matrix style of geological elements with line or surface attributes of different control points is basically the same, but the information matrix of geological elements with surface attributes has more columns, which is often greater than its number of rows.

[0092] Secondly, for underground geological elements, such as stratigraphic pinch-out lines, fault planes, fault zones, mines, target stratum geological sweet spots, structural lines and lithologic traps, they can all be abstracted as a set of control points defined by three-dimensional coordinates of depth or core elevation on the three-dimensional working surface; linear geological elements such as faults can be regarded as a set of three-dimensional endpoints and a combination of several groups of inflection points and nodes on the abstract three-dimensional working surface of a specific stratum in the working area; and geological elements in strip and block shapes such as geological sweet spots and lithologic traps can be abstracted as a collection of control points of the tangent points or multi-segment lines of the curves enveloping the element area; it can be seen that the information matrix style of geological elements with line or surface attributes of different control points is basically the same, but the number of columns of the information matrix of geological elements with surface attributes is large, often greater than the number of rows.

[0093] It should be noted that some surface geological elements have a wide range of penetration and extension in the longitudinal profile space and have strong uncertainty, such as coal mines, abandoned mines, large karst caves and adjacent wells, which may extend from the ground to the strata near the target layer at a depth of hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters underground. Therefore, it is necessary to register the element information matrix in the surface and underground maps or even both at the same time according to the situation, so as to facilitate the automatic arrangement of horizontal well trajectories for element analysis and risk control.

[0094] (4) Delineate the effective working areas on the surface and underground for horizontal well trajectory layout

[0095] Based on the geomorphic and geological element data established in the above steps, the effective working areas for the placement of wellheads and well site ancillary facilities and the layout of well trajectories in the target layer for development are determined on the surface and underground working surfaces of the working area. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0096] a. Delineation of effective working areas for the wellhead and well site ancillary facilities

[0097] According to the current national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards, the horizontal well site and wellhead must be at a certain safety distance from some special surface geographical elements. Therefore, affected by these statutory or prescribed special surface geographical elements, the effective working area on the surface suitable for the placement of wellheads and wellsite ancillary facilities must take into account and deduct the above-mentioned strip, point or block elements and the areas controlled by the additional safety distance. For example, if a high-voltage substation or water intake well in the trajectory layout work area is a point element, after the additional safety distance is added according to relevant regulations, the wellhead or wellsite cannot be laid out within a certain range with it as the center and the safety distance as the radius; for example, if there are linear elements such as high-voltage lines and important water conservancy channels passing through the surface in the working area, after the additional safety distance, the area controlled by them where wellsite facilities cannot be laid out is expanded to a strip-shaped prohibited area with the safety distance extended outward from the linear elements; similarly, the block or strip-shaped ground areas where wells are not suitable for layout are also expanded according to the statutory or prescribed safety distance.

[0098] b. Develop effective working area delineation for target layer trajectory arrangement

[0099] Accordingly, limited by the practical experience and regularity summary of horizontal well drilling implementation, oil and gas production, etc., a certain safety distance must be maintained from some geological elements under the premise of comprehensively considering drilling safety efficiency and development economic benefits. For example, experience shows that the drilling of the target layer must ensure that the well spacing is greater than or equal to 300 meters, that is, when designing the horizontal well trajectory layout, it is necessary to ensure that the safety distance from the drilled and completed wells is more than 300 meters; in addition, for the target layer to be prepared for horizontal well trajectory layout, nearby faults or fracture development zones may cause water or pressure channeling, affecting drilling construction and subsequent production. Therefore, the working face of the development horizontal well trajectory layout is restricted by fault or fracture development zones of different scales, levels and occurrences. The specific numerical requirements of relevant recommendations or prohibitions can be easily queried and utilized in enterprise standards, industry standards and local standards. Taking Sichuan Changning shale gas as an example, the safe drilling and development distance from the fault is usually 700 meters or more. Taking the Sichuan Changning shale gas block as an example, the arc range with a radius of 1,000 meters from any point on a certain level of fault as the center line is a prohibited area for the layout of horizontal well trajectories in the underground development target layer.

[0100] Thus, the working area for the development of horizontal well trajectory layout is established, and its elements include the working area boundary, geographical and geological elements controlled by digital coordinate points. By digitizing and informatizing various boundaries, surface landforms and underground geological elements in the global geodetic coordinate system or local coordinate system, a work area data system for computer data management is established.

[0101] 2) Determine the optimal plan for mobilizing underground target layer resources;

[0102] The optimization deployment and arrangement of the trajectory of the development horizontal well in the horizontal section of the target layer is the main means to improve the utilization of oil and gas resources in the underground target layer. However, due to the environmental safety and economic benefits required in the drilling and production of the development horizontal well, it is necessary to ensure that different drilling platforms or different branch wells on the same drilling platform maintain a certain drilling and development safety distance. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively adjust the arrangement of the development horizontal well trajectory while considering the basic needs of the safety distance.

[0103] (1) Setting the prerequisites for the target layer resource utilization optimization plan

[0104] a. Determine the length range of horizontal wells in a specific development layer

[0105] Due to the limitation of drilling technology and construction safety factors, the maximum deviated depth of horizontal wells is usually considered and set in combination with oil and gas economic factors. Generally, the maximum deviated depth index dx of horizontal wells is determined according to the experience of the working area where the horizontal well trajectory is arranged, and the buried depth of the drilling target layer above sea level hm. The maximum horizontal section length Dmax can be approximated as the difference between the maximum deviated depth recommended by the working area engineering and the absolute value of the buried depth above sea level of the drilling layer, that is,

[0106] Dmax=dx-hm

[0107] In addition, the minimum horizontal section length Dmin is determined based on the lower limit of the economic benefit of a single well, the well position and trajectory are digitized, and according to the established wellbore design, the average drilling cost per meter of the vertical well section before entering the established horizontal section and the inclined well section before the horizontal section is Cz. The minimum horizontal section length should meet the conditions that the effective gas income during the effective period of the mining right is greater than the drilling, pipeline, development and other costs. Suppose the drilling cost per meter of the horizontal section is Xs, the average natural gas production per meter of a single well in the horizontal section is Es, and the downstream natural gas pipeline cost per meter of a single well is Xg, then (considering the pipeline network cost)

[0108] Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg≥0

[0109] The critical condition should be

[0110] Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg=0

[0111] Therefore

[0112]

[0113] Therefore, it is preliminarily determined that the horizontal section length Ds of a certain well in a certain work area satisfies Ds∈[Dmin,Dmax]

[0114] This parameter will be used in the subsequent steps when establishing simultaneous equations for the surface and underground when comprehensively considering surface topography and underground geological factors.

[0115] b. Determination of the spacing between horizontal well trajectories in the same well field +

[0116] Since different well sites or production platforms are usually spaced far apart on the ground, the risk of near-surface well trajectory collision is low. Therefore, the main consideration is to reasonably arrange the trajectory spacing of horizontal wells on the same platform to prevent trajectory collision during the drilling phase and control interference between wells during the development phase.

[0117] Taking Sichuan shale gas as an example, the spacing between horizontal sections in the same layer system is set to 300 to 400 meters, and the spacing between horizontal sections in multi-layer stereoscopic development is set to more than 150 meters. In order to automatically arrange the development horizontal well trajectory, the subsequent steps set the well spacing as a variable.

[0118] (2) Determine the basic working area micro-element of the automatic trajectory arrangement according to the well group specifications of the development platform

[0119] Generally, under the premise of ensuring construction and development safety, the basic requirement for fully utilizing the oil and gas resources in the target layer is to fill the target layer's three-dimensional working surface with the horizontal well target layer trajectory as much as possible. Assume that the boundary of the underground target layer's three-dimensional working surface is continuous, and set the area of ​​the three-dimensional working surface enclosed by the boundary as S t , and the area controlled by the development horizontal well pattern is S . In addition, since the horizontal well trajectory usually needs to be perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction in the local area, several groups of horizontal well platforms with well trajectory distribution directions perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction are distributed in the well pattern control area, and the spacing of the well trajectories in the horizontal section of the same platform is set to . s , the minimum distance between wells on different platforms is. . , then if the same platform arranges the tracks on both sides of the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, at the maximum inclined depth d x Under the restriction, a single platform has 2 guide eye segments, each guide eye has 3 horizontal segments, and the maximum horizontal segment length is d s and the projection length d of the guide eye section on the working surface t The three-dimensional area controlled by a single platform is approximately regarded as a 2d long s +2d t Width 2. . +2. sTherefore, for a single guide eye with a horizontal segment number of ns, the control area of ​​a single platform is 2d long. s +2d t , width (ns-1)×. s +2×. . Therefore, in the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress, according to the number of horizontal segment trajectories of branch wells arranged on a single platform, the width of the working surface divided by .-1 groups of straight lines is (ns-1)×. s +2×. . For each working zone, the number of platforms np that can be accommodated is related to the length Lg of the working zone and the span of each platform perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, that is,

[0120]

[0121] (3) Determine the area utilization coefficient of underground resources under certain engineering design conditions

[0122] Therefore, after the well trajectory is arranged, for each working zone, the number of branch wells is different. i The unused working surface area sw is defined as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, the residual working surface cn = nsi*(nsi-1)js+2jj

[0125] Therefore,

[0126]

[0127] Among them, ns is a variable, and the rest are constants, which are determined according to the actual situation of the work area.

[0128] Therefore, the problem of the maximum number of platforms and the maximum horizontal branch wells that can be accommodated in each working zone of the underground target layer working surface is converted into the problem of finding the minimum value of the univariate function Sw. In addition, due to the limitations of the maximum well depth in well site construction and technology, the influence of geological factors must be comprehensively considered in the next step.

[0129] 3) Establishing an evaluation index for the utilization of oil and gas resources in the underground target layer

[0130] (1) Establishing an engineering evaluation index for oil and gas resource development in the target layer

[0131] At present, the exploration and development depth of conventional and unconventional oil and gas at home and abroad is usually more than 3,000 meters. In contrast, the target development layer is often less than 100 meters, and even some unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas exploration and development target layers, are only a few meters or even less than 1 meter. Therefore, considering the order of magnitude difference between the target layer thickness and the target layer burial depth, the three-dimensional space passed by the target layer and the horizontal segment trajectory is abstracted as a three-dimensional working surface with a thickness approaching infinitesimal. In addition, by counting the altitude or depth of the three-dimensional facade, a set of depth arrays GHV can be obtained. k , where k = 1, 2, 3, ... K, k is a real number, K is the number of sampling points of the three-dimensional working surface altitude or depth, a positive integer. Find the median of the array GHV. When K is an even number, the median of the array is GHV m ,and

[0132]

[0133] Correspondingly, if K is an odd number, then

[0134] m=GHV [K+1] / 2

[0135] A reference plane of the underground target layer parallel to the sea level is made through the depth point corresponding to the median of the array. For any sampling point in the three-dimensional working surface, a section of the three-dimensional working surface is made through it. If the clockwise angle sine value of the section and the plane perpendicular to the reference plane of the target layer is DC k , then the evaluation coefficient of the relationship between the construction difficulty and the formation inclination during the drilling process is set as DAF k In certain specific geological environments, such as formation mutation, lithology change, formation dip and other factors, the probability of angle mutation when the track is upturned is P(DU), the probability of angle mutation when the track is downturned is P(DD), the probability of causing track anomaly is P(C), the probability of engineering complexity or cost increase under a certain angle cosine is P(DA), P(C|DA) is the conditional probability of causing complexity after the track anomaly occurs, and the average cost of the resulting cost increase is IC, DAF k The calculation method is:

[0136]

[0137] (2) Establishing geological evaluation index for oil and gas resource development in target strata

[0138] Since exploration and development not only depends on technology, but also on geological factors including heterogeneity and formation dip, it is necessary to further comprehensively consider the influence of geological factors on the basis of determining the working zone division and recommended well locations based on engineering or technological reasons.

[0139] Taking the jth working zone as an example, it is divided into squares with Lk as the side length. Its value is usually taken into account the accuracy of the geophysical data that affects the plane distribution accuracy. For example, if the highest resolution of the geophysical data is 15 meters, then Lk = 15m. According to the statistical laws of existing old wells or neighboring wells in the nearby area, the square attributes are assigned, and the weight scores are performed according to the physical parameters such as reservoir thickness, oil and gas content, porosity and permeability. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0140] a. The cell corresponding to the scoring system has a full score of 1 and is dimensionless.

[0141] b. According to the geological factors that are considered in the deployment of the site and the arrangement of the trajectory, the scoring items are set. Assume that the geological factors to be considered are Gm items, and consider that each parameter is grouped according to the DY category for its own characteristics or numerical range. For geological factors that can be naturally classified or academically classified, they are divided into corresponding quantitative groups according to the recognized classification scheme. For example, for the pore types defined according to geological academics or petroleum professionals, they can be divided into secondary pores and primary pores according to the diagenesis stage. Among them, primary pores can be divided into residual intergranular pores and micropores in fillings; for quantifiable numerical geological data, they can be divided into dn categories according to the recognition accuracy requirements, and their classification boundaries are bu, bu∈Z + ,as follows:

[0142]

[0143] Therefore, quantifiable geological data including fluid saturation, porosity and brittleness index can be divided into several equal parts according to the values ​​of different indicators and any quantiles after sorting. For example, geological data can be divided into four categories: high, medium, lower and low based on the quartiles, median and three-quarters as the boundaries.

[0144] c. Estimate the DY corresponding to the gm item parameters dn The prior probability of the grouping category is BG. gm ,gm=1,2,3,...,DY dn ,gm∈Z + ; Assume that the total probability of all samples being of development value is; then for different grouping categories, the corresponding weight coefficient is

[0145]

[0146] Then each grid unit in the gridded working zone can be given a comprehensive score, and the score range is (0,1).

[0147] For example, for the gridding scheme in step 1), in establishing the geological evaluation index of oil and gas resource production in the target layer, the quantitative scoring record of any grid in the gridded working area (area j×q) can be marked as S jq , then the total score of the work area is S ]o ,For the optional to well location deployment schemes, the comprehensive scores of different underground geological conditions can be expressed as

[0148]

[0149] 4) Establish an arrangement function and find the extreme value to achieve automatic trajectory arrangement

[0150] The essence of well location deployment and trajectory arrangement is a commercial activity in the energy field based on the balance of cost and benefit. The main factors affecting benefit and cost come from geology and engineering. Its essence is to find the extreme value of multivariate function.

[0151] After completing step 3) to establish geological evaluation parameters for the development of oil and gas resources in the target layer, a comprehensive benefit function is established by designing geological and engineering factors.

[0152] (1) Economic Benefit Evaluation of Horizontal Well Development

[0153] The surface wellbore location is determined based on the maximum deviated depth, well site construction workload and wellbore location under common process conditions in the block. The main factors affecting the deployment decision cost are divided into two categories: well site construction cost and drilling footage cost.

[0154] The cost of well site construction is related to the terrain. Complex and mountainous terrain that requires excavation or low-lying and uneven terrain that requires filling requires additional infrastructure construction work, which increases the cost of well site construction. Suppose the additional filling and excavation workload in addition to the standard well site construction is δ tm and δ km , then the additional workload of well site infrastructure construction is the sum of the two, which is δ tm +δ km , and both are related to the elevation difference of the plane surveyed by the well site, that is, the terrain. Suppose a deployment plan requires the deployment of o well sites, then for o = 1, 2, 3, ..., O, o ∈ Z + , then the estimated total cost for a specific development horizontal well trajectory arrangement plan is Co; suppose that a surface well site corresponding to a certain deployment plan has M grids, m = 1, 2, 3, ... M, and the estimated total cost of the surface engineering corresponding to a surface well site and its auxiliary setting layout plan is C m , set the comprehensive quotation of excavation cost per unit of work T k , landfill cost per unit workload comprehensive quotation T m , the moving average of the contour lines of each grid in the well field where a grid is located is The average elevation is g mo , then the estimated cost of earthwork excavation and landfill for a well site is C m , which is calculated as follows:

[0155] C m =δ tm T m +δ km T k

[0156] It is generally considered that the comprehensive cost of excavation and landfill is the same. Therefore, for a grid of a well site in a certain plan, for the oth well site or ancillary facilities laid on the ground corresponding to a certain arrangement plan, the total comprehensive cost Co of excavation and landfill work is estimated as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, taking into account the different surface natural conditions and road connectivity of each well site or ground facility, the average cost of filling or excavating the oth ground-laid well site or ancillary facilities is T0, in ten thousand yuan.

[0159] On the other hand, the level of underground target layer resource utilization needs to reach the standard, which should usually be greater than the comprehensive cost. Here, the underground resource utilization cost mainly includes the drilling implementation cost and the downstream pipeline laying cost. Suppose the total footage of the Vth well site in a certain plan is JC v , the average cost per meter of footage is C dm , the downstream pipeline is related to the distance to the oil and gas harmless treatment or gathering and transportation station, set as C g , its income mainly comes from the utilization of target layer oil and gas resources, that is, the larger the area of ​​underground target layer resources affected or effectively controlled by the horizontal well trajectory, and the higher the quality of the oil and gas resources in the controlled area, the higher the expected resource utilization level and economic benefit acquisition level. Suppose for a certain horizontal well trajectory arrangement plan, its expected income from the sale of oil and gas resources through industrial horizontal well exploitation is I r The comprehensive economic benefit level parameter of geological resource utilization is I e ,but

[0160] I e =I r -∑JC v ×C dm -C g -DAF k

[0161] (2) Comprehensive benefit modeling of surface geomorphology and underground geological elements

[0162] The horizontal wellbore trajectory is an important link between underground geological conditions and surface geomorphic elements, and is a key factor in realizing the comprehensive benefit analysis of underground geological and surface geomorphic elements. The wellbore trajectory is controlled by both engineering factors and natural gas development economic factors. It is usually taken in the interval described in step 1)-(1). Limited by engineering conditions and process level, the maximum well depth for developing oil and gas resources in a certain target layer in a certain work area is usually a relatively fixed empirical value. Therefore, the problem of automatic optimization of well location deployment can be abstracted into a number of groups of well site construction favorable areas with arbitrary orientation, relatively flat ground, relatively small elevation difference, less earthwork and low cost of oil and gas pipeline installation, several groups of underground relatively favorable areas that are easy to accommodate a certain scale of horizontal well group trajectories and have good geological conditions, and are easy to develop on a large scale, and a problem of maximizing the benefits of the three well bodies that are used to adjust the balance between the above two and achieve optimal configuration and are limited by engineering conditions and process level.

[0163] To achieve automatic optimization deployment, you need to set the automatic arrangement process as follows:

[0164] a. Number the grids with good underground geological conditions and convenient for drilling.

[0165] The specific operation method is as follows: for the .th working zone, the optimal number of branch wells n is known. si , then the well position of a certain platform is set to be centered, then a certain well position is controlled in the vertical principal stress direction with a span of 2d s +2d t , the span parallel to the maximum principal stress direction is (n si -1)×. s The rectangular area is S to Control area, consisting of the maximum horizontal segment length D max Safety distance between wells D safe The working zone is divided into two groups or a single group. The number of groups is gd. The information of each group includes the jth working zone, the distance D from the main fault (fault) in the extension direction. crack In addition, the mathematical expectation value E of the cumulative natural gas production of the unit score is obtained s , then the total score for a geological score is S to The total benefit of the expected underground resource utilization is

[0166] I r =E s ×S to

[0167] b. Mark and number the areas on the surface that are convenient for construction according to the excavation and landfill and the installation of downstream devices.

[0168] Obviously, the utilization of underground resources is the main thing, and the well site and supporting facilities are laid nearby for the purpose of mobilizing resources. Therefore, according to the minimum well site area S min , set the radius D wp The circular range moves on the ground of the working zone and is limited by the maximum horizontal well section length. For the gd (groups) of development areas selected underground, there must be no less than gd ground well site platforms corresponding to them.

[0169] in,

[0170]

[0171] (3) Establish the arrangement function and obtain the extreme value as needed to complete the automatic deployment of well locations and trajectory arrangement

[0172] If it is necessary to maximize resource utilization, each group of underground grids needs to be mobilized. According to the above steps, the well location deployment and trajectory optimization arrangement problem is transformed into the form

[0173] I e =E s ×S to -∑JC v ×C dm -C g -DAF k

[0174] The minimum value of the equation, for a certain horizontal well trajectory arrangement plan, the variables related to the well location and ancillary facilities are ∑JC v ×C dm -C g , where C g The distance between each surface well site and the centralized natural gas processing station or crude oil gathering station. In the process of selecting the location of the mobile well site, C g is a variable, C dm is also a variable and is related to the straight-line distance between the wellhead location and the selected development area underground. The solution of its equation is converted into the solution of the binary function ∑JC v ×C dm -C g Minimum problem. Thus, the well location deployment and trajectory arrangement optimization are completed with maximum resource mobilization and minimum engineering workload.

[0175] In particular, for the case where the resource distribution of the underground target layer is not considered, the problem of automatic computer implementation of horizontal well trajectory arrangement is transformed into the establishment and solution of the following mathematical model.

[0176] Assume that the well site locations on the ground are numbered 1, 2, ..., m; the working faces in the target layer are numbered 1, 2, ..., n. ij(i=1,2,…,m;j=1,2,…,n) indicates whether drilling is done from well site i to working face j (1 means drilling, 0 means no drilling), then the following optimization problem can be established:

[0177]

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] x ij ∈{0,1}.

[0181] where c ij is the drilling cost from well site i to working face j, u i is the upper limit of the number of wells allowed to be drilled in well site i.

[0182] Example 2

[0183] For a certain work area, for the underground part of the work area, the first thing to consider is to avoid the fault and ensure a certain safety distance ( Figure 2 ) and the arrangement direction of the horizontal well trajectory must be perpendicular to the direction of the maximum principal stress.

[0184] For a certain work area, for the ground part of the work area, first of all, we must consider avoiding human settlement elements represented by towns and natural elements represented by rivers, and ensure a certain safety distance ( Figure 4 ), the above-mentioned natural and human-inhabited geographical factors mainly control the construction of surface well sites, thereby indirectly controlling the arrangement pattern of horizontal well trajectories at the underground working surface.

Claims

1. A method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Data preparation for well location deployment and trajectory layout automation: select and digitize the area and corresponding boundaries for automatic horizontal well trajectory layout, grid the area to be selected for trajectory layout to complete the horizontal well trajectory layout work area, digitize the landform and geological elements respectively, and delineate the surface and underground effective working areas of the horizontal well trajectory layout according to the established landform and geological element data; 2) Determine the optimization plan for the utilization of underground target layer resources: set the prerequisites for the optimization plan for the utilization of target layer resources, determine the basic working area micro-element for automatic layout trajectory according to the well group specifications of the development platform, and obtain the underground resource area utilization coefficient under the engineering design conditions based on the basic working area micro-element; 3) Establishing the evaluation index of oil and gas resource development in the underground target layer: Establishing the engineering evaluation index of oil and gas resource development in the target layer and the geological evaluation index of oil and gas resource development; 4) Establishing the arrangement function and finding the extreme value, automatically arranging the horizontal well trajectory according to the well layout and trajectory requirements, including: if the resource utilization needs to be maximized, each group of underground grids needs to be mobilized, then the well location deployment and trajectory optimization arrangement problem is transformed into a total benefit I e The calculation method is as follows: I e =E s ×S to -∑JC v ×Q dm -C g -DAF k In the formula, E s is the economic income converted from the average natural gas production per meter of a single well in the horizontal section, S to Comprehensively score different underground geological conditions, JC v is the total footage of the vth well site, DAF k It is the evaluation coefficient of the relationship between the construction difficulty and the formation inclination during the drilling process; For a determined horizontal well trajectory arrangement plan, the variables related to the well location and ancillary facilities are ∑JC v ×C dm -C g , where C g The distance between each surface well site and the centralized natural gas processing station or crude oil gathering station. In the process of selecting the location of the mobile well site, C g is a variable, C dm is also a variable and is related to the straight-line distance between the wellhead location and the selected development area underground. The solution of its equation is converted into the solution of the binary function ∑JC v ×C dm -C g Minimum problem; thus, determine the solution to complete the well location deployment and trajectory layout optimization with maximum resource mobilization and minimum engineering workload.

2. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the area and corresponding boundaries for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories are selected and digitized, including: a. Establish the coordinate system scale for the working area where horizontal wells will be arranged: use geodetic coordinates globally; b. Construction of surface geographic information map: Select topographic map as surface geographic information map; c. Construction of underground geological information map: Select underground geological map and construction drawing and align and overlap key coordinates of equal scale; the underground geological information map established in step c is consistent with the scale of the surface geographic information map established in step b and overlaps at key control points; d. Determine the horizontal arrangement area and corresponding boundaries: The working range of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement is determined by enveloping the discrete control coordinate points on the boundary of the working area and their first-order connecting lines.

3. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1), the gridding of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement work area includes: initially gridding the area to be selected for the arrangement trajectory as required, assuming that the minimum grid side length is m meters, m∈Z + The square area is set to span j, j∈Z in the north-south direction in the global geodetic coordinates. + The smallest grid, with a span of q in the east-west direction, q∈Z + The minimum grid, then the working area of ​​the horizontal well trajectory arrangement after gridding is the product of the north-south span, the west-east span and the minimum grid area, that is: S = j × q × m 2 .

4. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step 1), the landform and geological elements are digitized separately, including: the surface landform elements and underground geological elements are grouped according to type and number, and a shape information matrix is ​​established according to the properties of the three-dimensional working surface control points in the working area; in the step 1), the effective working areas on the surface and underground of the horizontal well trajectory arrangement are delineated separately, including the effective working area delineation for the placement of the wellhead and well site ancillary facilities and the effective working area delineation for the development target layer trajectory arrangement.

5. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2), the prerequisites for setting the target layer resource mobilization optimization solution include: a. Determine the length range of the horizontal section of the horizontal well in a specific development layer: Assume that the maximum deviated depth index dx of the horizontal well is determined according to the experience of the area where the horizontal well trajectory is arranged, the buried depth of the drilling target layer above sea level hm, and the maximum horizontal section length Dmax is approximately the difference between the maximum deviated depth recommended by the engineering in the working area and the absolute value of the buried depth above sea level of the drilling layer, that is, Dmax=dx-hm In addition, the minimum horizontal section length Dmin is determined according to the lower limit of the economic benefit of a single well, the well position and trajectory are digitized, and according to the established wellbore design, the average drilling cost per meter of the vertical well section before entering the established horizontal section and the inclined well section before the horizontal section is Cz. The minimum horizontal section length should meet the condition that the effective gas income during the effective period of the mining right is greater than the drilling, pipeline, development and other costs; let the drilling cost per meter of the horizontal section be Cs, the average natural gas production per meter of a single well in the horizontal section converted into economic income is Es, and the downstream natural gas pipeline cost per meter of a single well is Cg, then Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg≥0 The critical condition should be Dmin×(Es-Cs)-hm×Cz-(hm+dmin)×Cg=0 Therefore Therefore, it is preliminarily determined that the horizontal section length Ds of a certain well in a certain work area satisfies Ds∈[Dmin,Dmax] b. Determination of the spacing between horizontal well trajectories in the same well field: The spacing between horizontal sections in the same layer system development is set to more than 300 meters, and the spacing between horizontal sections in multi-layer stereoscopic development is set to more than 150 meters.

6. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2), the basic working area micro-element for automatically arranging the trajectory is determined according to the well group specifications of the development platform, including: Assume that the boundary of the three-dimensional working surface of the underground target layer is continuous, and set the area of ​​the three-dimensional working surface enclosed by the boundary as S t , and the area controlled by the development horizontal well pattern is S j In addition, since the horizontal well trajectory is usually perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction in the local area, several groups of horizontal well platforms with well trajectory distribution directions perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction are distributed in the well pattern control area. The spacing between the well trajectories of the same platform is set as j. s , the minimum distance between wells on different platforms is j j , then if the same platform arranges the tracks on both sides of the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, at the maximum inclined depth d x Under the restriction, a single platform has 2 guide eye segments, each guide eye has 3 horizontal segments, and the maximum horizontal segment length is d s and the projection length d of the guide eye section on the working surface t The three-dimensional area controlled by a single platform is approximately regarded as a 2d long s +2d t Width 2j j +2j s Therefore, for a single guide eye with a horizontal segment number of ns, the control area of ​​a single platform is 2d long. s +2d t , width (ns-1)×j s +2×j j Therefore, in the direction perpendicular to the maximum principal stress, according to the number of horizontal sections of the branch wells arranged on a single platform, the width of the working surface divided by the j-1 groups of straight lines is (ns-1)×j s +2×j j For each working zone, the number of platforms np that can be accommodated is related to the length Lg of the working zone and the span of each platform perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, that is, 7. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 2), obtaining the underground resource area utilization coefficient under the engineering design conditions includes: After determining the working area and working area microelement of the automatic layout trajectory, for each working zone with different branch well numbers ns i The unused working surface area sw is defined as follows: Among them, the residual working surface cn = ns i *(ns i -1)j s +2j j So we have: Among them, ns is a variable, and the rest are constants, which are determined according to the actual situation of the work area.

8. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 3), establishing the target layer oil and gas resource production engineering evaluation index includes: The three-dimensional space through which the target layer and the horizontal segment trajectory pass is abstracted into a three-dimensional working surface with a thickness approaching infinitesimal. The altitude or depth of the three-dimensional facade is counted to obtain a set of depth arrays GHV k , where k = 1, 2, 3, ... K, k is a real number, K is the number of sampling points of the three-dimensional working surface altitude or depth, a positive integer; find the median of the array GHV, when K is an even number, the median of the array is GHV m ,and Correspondingly, if K is an odd number, then m=GHV [K+1] / 2 A reference plane of the underground target layer parallel to the sea level is made through the depth point corresponding to the median of the array; for any sampling point in the three-dimensional working surface, a section of the three-dimensional working surface is made through it. If the clockwise sine value of the angle between the section and the plane perpendicular to the reference plane of the target layer is DC k , then the evaluation coefficient of the relationship between the construction difficulty and the formation inclination during the drilling process is set as DAF k ; In certain specific geological environments, the probability of a sudden change in angle when the track is upturned is P(DU), the probability of a sudden change in angle when the track is downturned is P(DD), the probability of causing track anomaly is P(C), the probability of causing engineering complexity or increased costs under a certain angle cosine is P(DA), P(C|DA) is the conditional probability of causing complexity after the track anomaly occurs, and the average coefficient of the resulting cost increase is IC,DAF k The calculation method is:

9. The method for automatically arranging horizontal well trajectories according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 3), in establishing the geological evaluation index of oil and gas resources in the target layer, the quantitative scoring record of any grid in the gridded working area can be marked as S jq , the area of ​​the work area is j×q, then the total score of the work area is S to ,For the optional to well location deployment schemes, the comprehensive scores of different underground geological conditions can be expressed as

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