A communication method, apparatus and system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a communication method, comprising: generating a first reference signal, the first reference signal is two-dimensionally orthogonal to a second reference signal, the second reference signal is a reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by time delay τ and Doppler shift v in a communication process, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , τ≠0 or v≠0, τ max is a first threshold value, v max is a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking the absolute value of x; and transmitting the first reference signal. The first reference signal satisfying the above requirements can obtain the spread function of a channel by two-dimensional correlation operation when channel estimation is performed. The spread function of the channel is obtained in a simple, fast and accurate manner, and the performance of the communication system is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and system for reference signal design. BACKGROUND

[0002] Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a kind of multi-carrier modulation technology, which is mainly applied to the communication scenario when the object moves at low speed. However, when the object moves at high speed, the time-selective fading of the fast time-varying wireless channel, the relative high-speed motion of the communication device or the high-speed movement of the scattering object will cause Doppler spread, which will destroy the orthogonality between the subcarriers of OFDM and thus cause inter-carrier interference (ICI) to affect the performance of the communication system.

[0003] It is an effective method to suppress ICI to use the channel state information obtained by channel estimation to equalize the symbols received by the receiving end device. However, in the prior art, it is very difficult to obtain the important parameter of the channel state information, i.e., the spreading function of the channel, for the time-frequency double-selected channel. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and apparatus, which make it easier to obtain the channel spreading function, thereby helping to quickly and accurately suppress the ICI caused by the high-speed motion of the communication device.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application comprises: generating a first reference signal, the first reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to a second reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v in a communication process, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , τ≠0 or v≠0, and τ max is a first threshold value and v max is a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking the absolute value of x; and transmitting the first reference signal.

[0006] In a second aspect, another communication method according to an embodiment of the present application comprises: receiving a fifth reference signal, the fifth reference signal comprising a second reference signal, the second reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to a first reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v in a communication process, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , τ≠0 or v≠0, and τmax is a first threshold value, v max is a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking an absolute value of x;

[0007] The channel state information is obtained according to the fifth reference signal.

[0008] At this time, the channel spread function can be obtained through a two-dimensional correlation operation, and then the channel state information is obtained to estimate the channel. This way of obtaining the channel spread function is simple, fast and accurate, which greatly improves the performance of the communication system.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design, the method of the first aspect can be performed by a sending-end device, which can be a network device, and the first reference signal can be understood as a reference signal sent at the sending end. At this time, the first reference signal can be a downlink reference signal. The sending-end device can be a terminal device, and at this time, the first reference signal can be an uplink reference signal. The method of the second aspect can be performed by a receiving-end device, which can be a terminal device or a network device. The second reference signal can be understood as a reference signal obtained at the receiving-end device.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design, the first reference signal is two-dimensionally quasi-orthogonal to the third reference signal, the third reference signal is a reference signal obtained by performing τ and v transformation on the fourth reference signal, and the first reference signal is code division multiplexed with the fourth reference signal. The fifth reference signal further includes the third reference signal.

[0011] At this time, the first reference signal and the fourth reference signal code division multiplexed with the first reference signal have good cross-correlation, which can support the scenario of multi-antenna transmission, and expand the capacity of the communication system.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design, the frequency domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal is proportional to the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, and inversely proportional to the τ max The time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal is proportional to the time domain range length of the first reference signal, and inversely proportional to the v max .

[0013] Such a design is beneficial to obtaining good signal autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design, the expression of the first reference signal is:

[0015]

[0016] wherein n and l are subcarrier index number and symbol index number of the resource unit occupied by the first reference signal respectively, n≥0, l≥0, u n and u l denote the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l denote the frequency domain offset and time-frequency offset of the first reference signal respectively, k n and k l denote the frequency domain interval and time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal, u n ,u l ,α n ,α l ,k n ,k l are positive integers, β and γ are integers greater than or equal to 0, N / k n , M / k l are prime numbers.

[0017] With reference to the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design, the expression of the first reference signal is:

[0018]

[0019] wherein n and l are subcarrier index number and symbol index number of the resource unit occupied by the first reference signal respectively, n≥0, l≥0, u n and u l denote the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l denote the frequency domain offset and time-frequency offset of the first reference signal respectively, k n and k l denote the frequency domain interval and time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal, u n ,u l ,α n ,α l ,k n ,k l are positive integers, β and γ are integers greater than or equal to 0, N / k n , M / k l are prime numbers, N1 is the number of sampling points of the l corresponding symbol, N2 is the difference between the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the first symbol and the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the second symbol, the first symbol is the first symbol of a time slot, and the second symbol is any symbol in the time slot except the first symbol, M la sequence number of the symbol corresponding to the I in a time slot of the symbol corresponding to the I.

[0020] This design takes into account the influence of the cyclic prefix length of the starting symbol in a time slot being different from that of other symbols on the autocorrelation characteristics of the first reference signal and the cross-correlation characteristics of other signals, and further modifies the expression of the first reference signal to suppress the influence.

[0021] With reference to the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design of the first aspect and / or the second aspect,

[0022] With reference to the first aspect and / or the second aspect, in a possible design of the first aspect and / or the second aspect, a period of the pattern of the resource units occupied by the first reference signal is an integer multiple of a time slot corresponding to the first reference signal.

[0023] In a third aspect, a device is provided. The device can be a sending-end device, a device in a sending-end device, or a device that can be used in combination with a sending-end device. The device can include a processing module and a transceiver module, and the processing module and the transceiver module can perform the corresponding functions of the method in the first aspect and any design of the first aspect.

[0024] In a possible design, the sending-end device is a network device or a terminal device.

[0025] In a fourth aspect, a device is provided. The device can be a receiving-end device, a device in a receiving-end device, or a device that can be used in combination with a receiving-end device. The device can include a processing module and a transceiver module, and the processing module and the transceiver module can perform the corresponding functions of the method in the second aspect and any design of the second aspect.

[0026] In a possible design, the sending-end device is a terminal device or a network device.

[0027] In a fifth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a processor configured to implement a method in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect. The apparatus can also include a memory for storing instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor executes program instructions stored in the memory to implement the method in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect. The apparatus can also include a communication interface configured to enable the apparatus to communicate with other devices. The communication interface can be, for example, a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module, or another type of communication interface.

[0028] In a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided, which includes a processor configured to implement a method of the second aspect and any of its possible designs. The apparatus can also include a memory for storing instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory to implement the method of the second aspect and any of its possible designs. The apparatus can also include a communication interface configured to enable the apparatus to communicate with other devices, such as a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module, or other types of communication interfaces.

[0029] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect and any of its possible designs, and the method of the second aspect and any of its possible designs.

[0030] In an eighth aspect, a chip system is provided, which includes a processor and can also include a memory configured to implement the method of the first aspect and any of its possible designs, and the method of the second aspect and any of its possible designs. The chip system can be composed of a chip or can include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0031] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect and any of its possible designs, and the method of the second aspect and any of its possible designs.

[0032] In a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes the apparatus of the third aspect and the apparatus of the fourth aspect, or includes the apparatus of the fifth aspect and the apparatus of the sixth aspect.

[0033] In addition, the technical effects brought by any of the possible designs of the third aspect to the tenth aspect can be referred to the technical effects brought by different design manners in the method part, which will not be described here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A communication scenario diagram for an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A resource grid diagram for an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 A flowchart of a communication method for an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 4(a) is a self-correlation characteristic diagram of a first reference signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG. 4(b) is a cross-correlation characteristic diagram of a first reference signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pattern of a first reference signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The "and / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects. "At least one of the following" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b and c, where each of a, b and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, "for example", "in some embodiments", "in another embodiment", "as an implementation manner" and the like are used to represent an example, illustration or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "example" in the present application should not be interpreted as more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Rather, the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific manner.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, communication and transmission can be used interchangeably at times. It should be pointed out that the meanings expressed are consistent when the distinction is not emphasized. For example, transmission can include sending and / or receiving, and can be a noun or a verb.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, the formula e x is equivalent to exp(x).

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. involved in the embodiments of the present application are only used for the purpose of distinguishing description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can it be understood as indicating or implying sequence. The equal to involved in the embodiments of the present application can be used with greater than, which is applicable to the technical scheme adopted when greater than, or can be used with less than, which is applicable to the technical scheme adopted when less than. It should be noted that when equal to is used with greater than, it is not used with less than; when equal to is used with less than, it is not used with greater than.

[0047] The present application can be located in a communication scenario as shown in Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1 , the terminal devices 1-6 can access a wireless network through a network device and realize uplink communication and / or downlink communication with the network device. The wireless network includes but is not limited to: long term evolution (LTE) system, new radio (NR) system in the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system and future mobile communication system, etc. Among them, Figure 1 The bidirectional arrow in the figure can represent the communication between the terminal device and the network device using the communication channel. The time-frequency dual selection channel will be described below.

[0048] The following explains some terms in the embodiments of the present application to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0049] 1. Terminal device. The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application is a device with wireless transceiving function, which can be referred to as terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal device, vehicle-mounted terminal device, industrial control terminal device, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal device, mobile device, UE terminal device, wireless communication device, UE agent or UE apparatus, etc. The terminal device can be fixed or mobile. It should be noted that the terminal device can support at least one wireless communication technology, such as LTE, NR, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), etc. For example, the terminal device can be a mobile phone, a pad, a desktop computer, a notebook computer, an all-in-one machine, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future mobile communication network or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc. In some embodiments of the present application, the terminal can also be a device with transceiving function, such as a chip system. The chip system can include a chip and can also include other discrete devices.

[0050] 2、Network device. In embodiments of the present application, the network device is a device that provides a terminal device with a wireless communication function, and can also be referred to as an access network device, a radio access network (RAN) device, etc. The network device can support at least one wireless communication technology, such as LTE, NR, WCDMA, etc. For example, the network device includes, but is not limited to, a next-generation nodeB (gNB) in a 5th-generation (5G) mobile communication system, an evolved node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a node B (NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., a home evolved node B or a home node B, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a transmitting and receiving point (TRP), a transmitting point (TP), a mobile switching center, etc. The network device can also be a radio controller, a centralized unit (CU), and / or a distributed unit (DU) in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the network device can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a terminal device, a wearable device, and a network device in future mobile communications or a network device in a future evolved PLMN, etc. In some embodiments, the network device can also be a chip system that has a function of providing a terminal device with a wireless communication function. For example, the chip system can include a chip and can also include other discrete devices.

[0051] 3、Communication between a terminal device and a network device. In embodiments of the present application, a terminal device and a network device communicate with each other through a communication interface using a communication channel. For example, the communication interface between the terminal device and the network device can be a universal UE to network interface (Uu air interface). When the communication interface between the terminal device and the network device is the Uu air interface, the communication between the terminal device and the network device can also be referred to as Uu air interface communication.

[0052] 4、Slot and symbol. Slot can be understood as a time unit, which refers to a length of time in time domain. The data communication in the embodiments of the present application can be in time units. Wherein, the length of a slot is related to the size of subcarrier spacing, and the length of a slot corresponding to different sizes of subcarrier spacing is different. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the length of a slot can be 1 ms; when the subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz, the length of a slot can be 0.5 ms. A slot in the embodiments of the present application can include one or more symbols. For example, under normal cyclic prefix (CP), a slot can include 14 symbols; under extended CP, a slot can include 12 symbols. It should be understood that the symbol in the embodiments of the present application can also be referred to as time domain symbol. For example, the symbol can be orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, or discrete fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol, etc. In addition, the micro slot (or mini slot) in the embodiments of the present application can be a smaller time unit than the slot, and a micro slot can include one or more symbols. For example, a micro slot (or mini slot) can include 2 symbols, 4 symbols or 7 symbols, etc. A slot can include one or more micro slots (or mini slots).

[0053] 5、Resource and resource element (RE). The resource in the embodiments of the present application can also be referred to as time-frequency resource, which is used for transmission of various signals or data, and can be represented by a resource grid. Figure 2An example of a resource grid is shown. In the resource grid, an RE is a unit of resource for data transmission, or a unit of resource for resource mapping of data to be transmitted. One RE corresponds to one symbol, e.g., an OFDM symbol or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol, in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. One RE can be used to map one complex symbol, e.g., a complex symbol after modulation, or a complex symbol after precoding, which is not limited in the present application. In the frequency domain, a RB can be defined in the resource grid, and a RB can include an integer number of subcarriers in the frequency domain, e.g., 12. Further, the definition of a RB can also extend to the time domain, e.g., a RB includes an integer number of subcarriers in the frequency domain and an integer number of symbols in the time domain, e.g., a RB is a time-frequency resource block including 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 symbols in the time domain. An integer number of RBs can be included in the resource grid. In the time domain of the resource grid or time-frequency resource, a slot can be defined, and as described previously, an integer number of symbols, e.g., 14 symbols, can be included in a slot.

[0054] 6. The frequency domain range length and the time domain range length of the reference signal. That is, the frequency domain range length and the time domain range length of the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed. The reference signal uses at least part of the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed for channel estimation, and in the embodiments of the present application, the time domain range length occupied by the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed in the frequency domain is defined as the frequency domain range length of the reference signal. In addition, the frequency domain range of the reference signal can also be referred to as the frequency domain span of the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed, or the frequency domain span of the reference signal, etc. For example, for an OFDM communication system, the unit is the bandwidth of one subcarrier f scs . In the embodiments of the present application, the time domain range length occupied by the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed in the time domain is defined as the time domain range length of the reference signal. In addition, the time domain range of the reference signal can also be referred to as the time domain span of the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed, or the time domain span of the reference signal, etc. For example, for an OFDM communication system, the unit is the duration of one OFDM symbol in the time domain 1 / f scs . It should be noted that the time-frequency resource on which channel estimation needs to be performed is a block of time-frequency resources carrying data transmitted by the sending end device to the receiving end device.

[0055] 7、time-frequency doubly selective channel and the spread function h(τ, v) of time-frequency doubly selective channel. Time-frequency doubly selective channel refers to a channel which is selective in both time domain and frequency domain, or in other words, the channel quality of time-frequency doubly selective channel varies with time and varies with frequency. For example, for an OFDM communication system, the value of the channel coefficient H(n, l) of time-frequency doubly selective channel is different at different n and l, n and l are respectively the subcarrier index (frequency domain position) and symbol index (time domain position) of RE, 0≤n≤N-1, 0≤l≤M-1, N represents the frequency domain range length of time-frequency resource which needs to be estimated, and M represents the time domain range length of time-frequency resource which needs to be estimated. In addition, the "two dimensions" involved in the embodiments of the present application can refer to the time domain dimension and the frequency domain dimension.

[0056] The time-varying impulse response g(τ, l) of time-frequency doubly selective channel and the channel coefficient H(n, l) of time-frequency doubly selective channel have the following relationship:

[0057]

[0058] Wherein τ represents the time delay of the input signal through the time-frequency doubly selective channel, 0≤τ≤N-1, and the precision (or unit) corresponding to τ is 1 / (N*f scs ). The time-varying impulse response g(τ, l) represents the response output signal of the time-frequency doubly selective channel when a unit impulse signal is input to the time-frequency doubly selective channel at symbol (time domain position) l, which reflects the basic characteristics of the time-frequency doubly selective channel.

[0059] The spread function h(τ, v) of time-frequency doubly selective channel is defined as the Fourier transform of the time-varying impulse response g(τ, l) of time-frequency doubly selective channel with respect to l, that is,

[0060]

[0061] Wherein v represents the Doppler shift of the input signal through the time-frequency doubly selective channel, -M / 2≤v≤M / 2-1, and the precision (or unit) of v is f scs / M.

[0062] According to the above formula (1) and formula (2), the spread function h(τ, v) of time-frequency doubly selective channel and the channel coefficient H(n, l) of time-frequency doubly selective channel have the following relationship:

[0063]

[0064] It can be seen that H(n, l) presents time-frequency doubly selective characteristics due to the action of τ and v.

[0065] 8. Frequency and time domain representation of reference signal. A reference signal in time-frequency domain is denoted as S(n, l), where n and l are the subcarrier index (frequency domain position) and symbol index (time domain position) of a RE, respectively, 0≤n≤N-1, 0≤l≤M-1. Correspondingly, the reference signal in time domain is denoted as s(t, l), where l is the symbol index and t is the sampling point index in the symbol. The time domain representation s(t, l) and the time-frequency domain representation S(n, l) have the following relationship:

[0066]

[0067] The reference signal s2(t, l) after time delay τ and Doppler shift v transformation of the reference signal s1(t, l) is:

[0068]

[0069] Where mod represents the modulo operator.

[0070] The two-dimensional correlation, which can also be understood as two-dimensional dot product, of the reference signal s1(t, l) and the reference signal s2(t, l) is Where represents the conjugate of s2(t, l).

[0071] By placing a reference signal, i.e. a pilot signal, on a RE, the channel state information on the RE can be obtained. Existing reference signals are mostly based on pseudo-random sequences, such as Golden sequences. The following describes how to obtain h(τ, v) using existing reference signals.

[0072] In the scenario of high-speed movement, the time-frequency dual-selected channel can be divided into a line of sight (LOS) channel and a non line of sight (NLOS) channel. In the scenario of the LOS channel, the wireless signal is transmitted in a straight line between the transmitting end device and the receiving end device without obstruction, and the main energy of h(τ, v) is concentrated on the main path (direct path), i.e. h(τ, v) has a large amplitude only at τ = τ0, v = v0, and has a small amplitude for the rest of τ and v. Wherein τ0 and v0 are the time delay and Doppler shift corresponding to the main path, respectively. In the scenario of the NLOS channel, there is an obstruction between the transmitting end device and the receiving end device, and the wireless signal is transmitted from the transmitting end device to the receiving end device through reflection and / or diffraction. At this time, the energy of h(τ, v) is dispersed in multiple paths, i.e. h(τ, v) has a large amplitude for multiple τ and v. The K factor is usually used to describe the degree of LOS (or NLOS) of the communication channel. The K factor is defined as the ratio of the energy of the main path to the sum of the energies of other paths, i.e.

[0073] K = max |h(τ, v)| 2∑ |h(τ, v)| 2 - max |h(τ, v)| 2 ) Equation (4)

[0074] For example, when the K-factor is greater than 8.98 decibels (dB), h(τ, v) can be considered to be determined by τ0 and v0 corresponding to the main path, and the corresponding channel is a LOS channel. When there is only the main path, H(n, l) is a function of the time delay τ0 and the Doppler shift v0 corresponding to the main path, that is, Equation (3) can be transformed into:

[0075]

[0076] Therefore, τ0 and v0 can be obtained by a phase difference calculation method, that is, where n1 and l1 represent the subcarrier index number and the symbol index number of RE1 respectively, n2 and l1 represent the subcarrier index number and the symbol index number of RE2 respectively, and n1 and l2 represent the subcarrier index number and the symbol index number of RE3 respectively, and RE1, RE2 and RE3 are REs carrying reference signals.

[0077] For another example, when the K-factor is less than 5 dB, h(τ, v) is no longer determined by the time delay τ0 and the Doppler shift v0 corresponding to the main path, and the corresponding channel is a NLOS channel. Since there is no obvious main path, H(n, l) is composed of the superposition of functions of τ and v corresponding to multiple paths, and therefore h(τ, v) cannot be obtained by a phase difference calculation method. As shown in Equation (3), H(n, l) on each RE carrying a reference signal corresponds to an equation about h(τ, v). Therefore, a method for obtaining h(τ, v) of a NLOS channel can be to solve h(τ, v) by a minimum mean square error (MMSE) method based on simultaneously solving multiple equations corresponding to H(n, l). In the case where there is no prior information about h(τ, v), h(τ, v) contains M*N unknowns, and M*N equations need to be solved, so the reference signal needs to occupy M*N REs, that is, the time-frequency resources required for channel estimation are full, and therefore sufficient equations are obtained for solving h(τ, v). Such a reference signal design that occupies all REs required for channel estimation obviously cannot support data transmission.

[0078] It should be noted that, for an actual time-frequency dual selection channel, the time delay range of the multipath is much smaller than 1 / f scs , and the Doppler shift range is much smaller than f scs / 2, that is, for τ>τ max or |v|>v max , h(τ, v) = 0, where τ maxdenotes the maximum delay of multipath, v max denotes the maximum Doppler shift of multipath. At this time, since h(τ, v) contains 2τ max max unknowns, even if it is not necessary to place reference signals on all REs of the time-frequency resources that need to be estimated, it is still necessary to place reference signals on at least 2τ max max REs for estimating H(n, l) to obtain enough equations for solving h(τ, v).

[0079] At the same time, H(n, l) will not only be affected by noise, but also be affected by ICI, which puts higher requirements on the accuracy of H(n, l), and since the accuracy of h(τ, v) is greatly affected by the accuracy of H(n, l), and H(n, l) is obtained by estimating the channel based on the reference signal, more reference signals need to be placed on the REs for improving the accuracy of H(n, l).

[0080] As can be seen from the above, for NLOS channels, the MMSE-based method requires solving h(τ, v), which has a very high algorithm complexity.

[0081] Moreover, the existing reference signals have poor cross-correlation, resulting in that the reference signals sent by different ports cannot be code division multiplexed, thereby greatly increasing the pilot overhead and failing to provide good support for the multi-antenna port scenario.

[0082] Embodiment one

[0083] Based on the defects in the prior art as described above, the embodiments of the present application propose a communication method involving reference signal generation, transmission and reception, which can be applied to the communication scenario as shown in Figure 1 , so that h(τ, v) can be obtained using a low-complexity calculation method, avoiding the use of a high-complexity MMSE calculation method. At the same time, the use of newly generated reference signals can effectively support the scenario of multiplexing of multiple antenna ports.

[0084] As shown in Figure 3 :

[0085] Step 301, generating a first reference signal, the first reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to a second reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v during a communication process, wherein 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , and τ≠0 or v≠0. τ max and v max ​​Herein can be understood as two thresholds, which can be priori information, i.e. the network device or the terminal device can predefine or their values.

[0086] Step 302, sending the first reference signal.

[0087] Step 303, receiving a fifth reference signal, the fifth reference signal comprising a second reference signal.

[0088] Channel estimation between the sending terminal device and the receiving terminal device can be performed based on the reference signal. It should be noted that the sending terminal device and the receiving terminal device can be relative, for example, at a certain moment, when acting as a signal sender, a certain device can be called a sending terminal device, while at another moment, when acting as a signal receiver, the device is called a receiving terminal device. The sending terminal device sends the first reference signal generated by it to the receiving terminal device. For example, the sending terminal device can be a network device, and the receiving terminal device can be a terminal device, at this time, the first reference signal can be a downlink reference signal, such as a downlink demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS); for another example, the sending terminal device can be a terminal device, and the receiving terminal device can be a network device, at this time, the first reference signal can be an uplink reference signal, such as an uplink DMRS or a sounding reference signal (SRS). Since the communication channel between the sending terminal device and the receiving terminal device will produce time-selective fading in the time domain and Doppler effect in the frequency domain, that is, the time delay τ and the Doppler shift v of the channel will cause the first reference signal sent by the sending terminal device to produce a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v transformation in the transmission process, and when it reaches the receiving terminal device, for example, a terminal device, the received reference signal becomes a second reference signal.

[0089] Step 304, obtaining channel state information according to the fifth reference signal.

[0090] The receiving end device can use the received fifth reference signal to measure the channel and obtain channel state information. It should be noted that the first reference signal is transmitted by the sending end device, and because one or more paths (channels) are included between the sending end device and the receiving end device, the fifth reference signal received at the receiving end can include one or more second reference signals that pass through different paths (channels), and optionally, if there is a path (channel) with τ = 0 and v = 0 between the sending end device and the receiving end device, the fifth reference signal can also include the first reference signal. The fifth reference signal can specifically be a weighted sum of the above-mentioned signals. The weight corresponding to each of the included reference signals is reflected in the channel coefficient of each channel. In the embodiments of the present application, the receiving end device can use the obtained channel state information to perform equalization processing on the reception of data to suppress ICI that occurs in data transmission, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.

[0091] Optionally, the receiving end device can also feed back the channel state information to the sending end device.

[0092] To reduce the complexity of obtaining the channel h(τ, v), the embodiments of the present application propose using two-dimensional correlation operation to estimate h(τ, v) based on formula (3). The specific implementation is as follows:

[0093] Suppose that the first reference signal transmitted by the sending end device is represented as S(n, l) in the time-frequency domain, and the fifth reference signal received at the receiving end device is represented as Y(n, l) in the time-frequency domain, and the channel coefficient is H(n, l), then Y(n, l) = H(n, l)·S(n, l). The fifth reference signal includes the second reference signal, and optionally, can also include the first reference signal. Specifically, the fifth reference signal is a weighted sum of the first reference signal and / or one or more second reference signals. The weight is reflected in the channel coefficient H(n, l). Two-dimensional correlation operation including two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is used to estimate the channel spread function:

[0094]

[0095] wherein, is the estimated channel spread function, S * (n, l) is the conjugate of S(n, l). is the autocorrelation function of S(n, l). The autocorrelation function of a signal is used to represent the correlation function of the signal and the signal obtained by time delay τ and Doppler shift v.

[0096] Further, τ and v are integers, 0≤τ The foregoing is a description of the concept of perfect autocorrelation from a mathematical definition. Perfect autocorrelation can also be expressed as the signal being orthogonal to the signal after time delay τ≠0 or Doppler shift v≠0. That is, when S(n, l) is perfectly autocorrelated, h(τ, v) can be obtained using the calculation of inverse two-dimensional Fourier transform (IFFT2), as shown in equation (6) above. It can be seen that, compared with the MMSE method, h(τ, v) can be solved without solving multiple equations, and the complexity of the algorithm is greatly reduced.

[0097] As described above, for an actual channel, the time delay range of multipath is much smaller than 1 / f scs , and the Doppler shift range is much smaller than f scs / 2, that is, for τ>τ max or |v|>v max , h(τ, v)=0. Based on this, when τ≠0 or v≠0, the condition corr(τ, v)=0 can be adjusted to: when 0≤τ≤τ max and 0≤|v|≤v max , and τ≠0 or v≠0, corr(τ, v)=0.

[0098] Therefore, when the first reference signal sent by the sending end device in step 401 is orthogonal to the second reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by time delay τ and Doppler shift v during transmission, where 0≤τ≤τ max or 0≤|v|≤v max , and τ≠0 or v≠0. Then h(τ, v) can be calculated in the above manner, thereby greatly reducing the computational complexity.

[0099] In an implementation, to solve the problem that reference signals sent by different ports cannot be code division multiplexed, thereby better supporting the scenario of multi-antenna transmission, it is assumed that the first reference signal corresponds to port a in the scenario of multi-antenna transmission, and the fourth reference signal corresponds to port b in the scenario of multi-antenna transmission. To enable code division multiplexing of the first reference signal and the fourth reference signal, further constraints on the cross-correlation of the two signals can be made:

[0100]

[0101] where Sa (n, l) is the first reference signal sent by the sending-end device at port a, S b (n, l) is the fourth reference signal sent by the sending-end device at port b. corr a,b (τ, v) is S a (n, l) and S b (n, l) is the cross-correlation function of the two signals. The cross-correlation function of the two signals is used to represent the correlation function of one signal and another signal after time delay τ and Doppler shift v. ∈ is the maximum cross-correlation. That is, when 0≤τ≤τ max and 0≤|v|≤v max , |corr a,b (τ, v)|<∈, corr a,b (τ, v) is in the low cross-correlation state within the range of 0≤τ≤τ max and 0≤|v|≤v max , and the first reference signal and the fourth reference signal sent at the port a and the port b can be code division multiplexed. That is, the first reference signal and the third reference signal need to satisfy two-dimensional quasi-orthogonality, the third reference signal being the reference signal obtained at the receiving-end device after time delay τ and Doppler shift v are transformed on the fourth reference signal in the transmission process, wherein 0≤τ≤τ max and 0≤|v|≤v max . The meaning of two-dimensional quasi-orthogonality can also be described from the following angle: the absolute value of the two-dimensional correlation function value of the two signals is less than ∈.

[0102] Correspondingly, in the scenario of multi-antenna transmission, from the perspective of the receiving-end device, the fifth reference signal received by the receiving-end device can further include the third reference signal, and in an implementation, the third reference signal and the fourth reference signal. The fifth reference signal includes the combination of the reference signals in the above examples, and specifically can be their weighted values.

[0103] This implementation makes it possible to multiplex the sending reference signal through multiple ports, improves the communication efficiency, and effectively supports massive multiple-input multiple output (massive MIMO).

[0104] Embodiment Two

[0105] In the method of Embodiment One, in order to solve the defects in the prior art, the autocorrelation characteristics of the reference signal are limited, and further, the cross-correlation characteristics are also limited.

[0106] Embodiment Two is based on Embodiment One, and proposes a design of a reference signal, which meets the requirements of Embodiment One on the reference signal.

[0107] The expression of the first reference signal in the embodiment one can be:

[0108]

[0109] wherein n and l are the subcarrier index number and the symbol index number of the RE occupied by the first reference signal, u n and u l represent the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l represent the frequency domain offset and the time-frequency offset of the first reference signal, that is, α n , α l represent the subcarrier index number of the first RE occupied by the first reference signal and the symbol index number of the first RE occupied by the first reference signal. k n and k l represent the frequency domain interval and the time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal (that is, the frequency domain range occupied by the first reference signal in the frequency domain, or the frequency domain span of the first reference signal), M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal (that is, the time domain range occupied by the first reference signal in the time domain, or the time domain span of the first reference signal), u n ,u l ,α n ,α l ,k n ,k l are all positive integers, 0≤α n <k n and 0≤α l <k l , β and γ are integers greater than or equal to 0, N / k n , M / k l are prime numbers.

[0110] The first reference signal represented by formula (8) can be referred to as a two-dimensional sparse Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

[0111] In an implementation manner, the value of k n is related to N, τ max . For example, k n is proportional to N and inversely proportional to τ max . When the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal is relatively large and / or the maximum time delay of the channel (corresponding to the first threshold) is relatively small, the frequency domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal can be set to be relatively large, that is, from the pattern of the first reference signal, the interval in the frequency domain is relatively loose.

[0112] Optionally, k n may be set to be or

[0113] In an implementation, k l is related to M and v max . For example, k l is proportional to M and inversely proportional to v max . When the time domain range length of the first reference signal is relatively large and / or the maximum Doppler shift of the channel (corresponding to the second threshold) is relatively small, the time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal can be set to be relatively large, i.e., from the pattern of the first reference signal, the spacing in the time domain is relatively loose.

[0114] Optionally, k may be set to be or

[0115] In an implementation, assuming that the two thresholds τ max and v max of the time-frequency dual-selected channel satisfy v max = M / (2k l ) and τ max = N / k n , the autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function of the first reference signal as described in equation (8) in the time-frequency dual-selected channel are studied. It can be found that the first reference signal is two-dimensionally orthogonal to the second reference signal, i.e., when 0≤τ≤N / k n and 0≤|v|≤M / (2k l ), and τ≠0 or v≠0, corr(τ,v)=0; and the first reference signal is two-dimensionally quasi-orthogonal to the third reference signal, i.e., when 0≤τ≤N / k n and 0≤|v|≤M / (2k l ), The corresponding mathematical models are shown in Figure 4(a) and 4(b) , which respectively reflect the autocorrelation characteristics of the first reference signal and the cross-correlation characteristics of the first reference signal and the fourth reference signal. In FIG. 4(a), the x-axis represents τ, the y-axis represents v, and the z-axis represents corr(τ,v). corr(τ,v) is only 1 at a specific (x,y). In FIG. 4(b), the x-axis represents τ, the y-axis represents v, and the z-axis represents corr a,b (τ,v). corr a,b (τ,v) is less than a specific value at each (x,y). It can be seen that the autocorrelation performance and the cross-correlation performance are both good.

[0116] In an implementation, it can be required that the value of τ max is less than or equal to N / k n , and it is required that v maxThe value of is less than or equal to M / (2k) l This ensures that the characteristics of the autocorrelation function of the first reference signal and the characteristics of the cross-correlation function between the first and third reference signals meet the requirements of Embodiment 1.

[0117] Furthermore, the pattern of the first reference signal designed according to formula (8) is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the first reference signal (occupying the gray RE in the figure) has a frequency domain spacing of 2 subcarriers and a time domain spacing of 3 symbols (where k is taken as k). n =2,k l =3). It can be observed that the pattern of the first reference signal may not repeat periodically in the time domain with a single time slot as the period. Optionally, the pattern of the first reference signal may repeat periodically in the time domain with an integer multiple of a single time slot. In addition, the pattern of the first reference signal may have a comb-like structure.

[0118] Example 3

[0119] In a communication system, if the CP length of the starting symbol of a slot differs from the CP lengths of the other symbols in that slot—for example, in an NR communication system with a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz, the CP length of the first symbol in a slot might be 88 sampling points, while the CP length of the remaining symbols in that slot might be 72 sampling points—then, in the time domain, the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the first reference signal based on the aforementioned embodiments may be affected, because the first reference signal based on Embodiment 2 will become unequally spaced across slot dimensions in the time domain.

[0120] Based on Examples 1 and 2, Example 3 proposes a new design for the first reference signal to address the problem that the performance of the first reference signal may be affected because the CP length of the starting symbol in a slot is different from the CP length of other symbols in the slot.

[0121] In one implementation, the time-domain interval can be corrected by adding a phase rotation to the first reference signal in Embodiment 2 based on different slots. For example, in this embodiment, the first reference signal in Embodiment 2 is multiplied by a phase rotation factor. A new first reference signal is obtained. Here, N1 is the number of sampling points for symbol 1, N2 is the difference between the number of sampling points in the cyclic prefix of the first symbol and the number of sampling points in the cyclic prefix of the second symbol, the first symbol is the first symbol of a time slot, and the second symbol is any symbol in the time slot other than the first symbol. M l The time slot number corresponding to the symbol of l is located.

[0122] In an implementation, the first reference signal can have the following expression for further adjustment of formula (8) in Embodiment Two:

[0123]

[0124] wherein n and l are subcarrier index number and symbol index number of the resource unit occupied by the first reference signal, u n and u l represent the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l represent the frequency domain offset and time-frequency offset of the first reference signal respectively, k n and k l represent the frequency domain interval and time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal, u n , u l , α n , α l , k n , k l are all positive integers, β and γ are integers greater than or equal to 0, N / k n , M / k l are prime numbers, N1 is the number of sampling points of the symbol corresponding to l, N2 is the difference between the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the first symbol and the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the second symbol, the first symbol is the first symbol of a time slot, and the second symbol is any symbol in the time slot except the first symbol, M l is the serial number of the time slot in which the symbol corresponding to l is located.

[0125] The first reference signal generated by formula (9) can always maintain equal intervals in the time domain, thereby ensuring good autocorrelation and cross-correlation.

[0126] Further, in an implementation, in step 403 in Embodiment One, the receiver of the receiving end device can add a time domain offset of -M l *N2 when intercepting the received symbol in the time slot with serial number M l , that is, assuming that the sampling point number of the symbol is 0 to N-1, the sampling points from -M l *N2 to N-M l *N2-1 are intercepted as the symbol of the received fifth reference signal.

[0127] The various embodiments in the present application can be used alone or in combination to achieve different technical effects.

[0128] In the embodiments of the present application, the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application is introduced from the perspective of the sender device and the receiver device as the execution subject. In order to realize the functions in the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the sender device and the receiver device can include hardware structures and / or software modules to realize the above-mentioned functions in the form of hardware structures, software modules, or hardware structures and software modules. Whether a certain function in the above-mentioned functions is executed in the form of hardware structure, software module, or hardware structure and software module depends on the specific application of the technical solution and the design constraint conditions.

[0129] As shown in the above concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide a device 600, which includes a transceiver module 601 and a processing module 602. Figure 6

[0130] In an example, the device 600 is used to realize the functions of the sender device in the above-mentioned method. For example, the device can be a terminal device, or a device in a terminal device; the device can be a network device, or a device in a network device. The device can be a chip system. In the embodiments of the present application, the chip system can be composed of a chip, or can include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0131] The processing module 602 is configured to generate a first reference signal, the first reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to a second reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v in a communication process, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , τ≠0 or v≠0, τ max being a first threshold value, and v max being a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking the absolute value of x.

[0132] The transceiver module 601 is configured to send the first reference signal.

[0133] For specific execution processes and related features of the processing module 601 and the transceiver module 602, refer to the description in the above method embodiments.

[0134] ​In another example, device 600 is used to implement the function of the receiving device in the above method. For example, the device can be a terminal device or a device within a terminal device; the device can be a network device or a device within a network device. The device can be a chip system. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete components. The transceiver module 601 is used to receive a fifth reference signal, which includes the second reference signal. The second reference signal is two-dimensionally orthogonal to the first reference signal. The second reference signal is the reference signal obtained by transforming the first reference signal during communication after a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v, where 0 ≤ τ ≤ τ. max 0≤|v|≤v max And τ≠0 or v≠0, τ max As the first threshold, v max The second threshold is defined as |x|, where |x| represents the absolute value of x.

[0135] The processing module 602 is used to obtain channel state information based on the fifth reference signal.

[0136] For details on the execution process of the processing module 601 and the transceiver module 602, please refer to the description in the above method embodiment.

[0137] The module division in this embodiment is illustrative and represents only one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional modules in each embodiment of this application can be integrated into a single processor, exist as separate physical entities, or be integrated into a single module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0138] Similar to the above concept, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides an apparatus 700.

[0139] In one example, the device 700 is used to implement the functions of the transmitting device in the above method. This device can be a terminal device or a device within a terminal device; it can also be a network device or a device within a network device. The device 700 includes at least one processor 701 for implementing the functions of the transmitting device in the above method. See the detailed description in the method section for further details; it will not be repeated here.

[0140] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 can further include at least one memory 702 for storing instructions and / or data. The memory 702 is coupled to the processor 701. The coupling between the various elements in the embodiments of the present application can be a coupling between the apparatuses, units or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms, for information exchange between the apparatuses, units or modules. Alternatively, the memory 702 can be located outside the apparatus 700. The processor 701 can operate in cooperation with the memory 702. The processor 701 can execute the program instructions stored in the memory 702, so as to implement the method performed by the sending end device in the embodiments of the present application. At least one of the at least one memory can be included in the processor.

[0141] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 can further include a communication interface 703 for communicating with other devices through a transmission medium, so that the apparatus in the apparatus 700 can communicate with other devices. For example, the communication interface 703 can be a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module or other types of communication interfaces, and the other devices can be receiving end devices. The processor 701 transceives data by using the communication interface 703, and is used to implement the method of the receiving end device in the above embodiments.

[0142] In an example, the apparatus 700 is used to implement the functions of the receiving end device in the above method, and the apparatus can be a network device or an apparatus in a network device; the apparatus can be a terminal device or an apparatus in a terminal device. The at least one processor 701 of the apparatus 700 is used to implement the functions of the receiving end device in the above method. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method, which will not be repeated here.

[0143] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 can further include at least one memory 702 for storing instructions and / or data. The memory 702 is coupled to the processor 701. The coupling between the various elements in the embodiments of the present application can be a coupling between the apparatuses, units or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms, for information exchange between the apparatuses, units or modules. Alternatively, the memory 702 can be located outside the apparatus 700. The processor 701 can operate in cooperation with the memory 702. The processor 701 can execute the program instructions stored in the memory 702. At least one of the at least one memory can be included in the processor.

[0144] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 can further include a communication interface 703 for communicating with other devices through a transmission medium, so that the apparatus in the apparatus 700 can communicate with other devices. Illustratively, the communication interface 703 can be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module or other type of communication interface, and the other device can be a transmitting device. The processor 701 transceives data with the communication interface 703, and is configured to implement the method in the above embodiments.

[0145] The connection medium between the communication interface 703, the processor 701 and the memory 702 in the embodiments of the present application is not limited. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, the memory 702, the processor 701 and the communication interface 703 can be connected through a bus, and the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. Figure 7

[0146] In the embodiments of the present application, the processor can be a general processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, and can implement or execute the disclosed methods, steps and logic block diagrams in the embodiments of the present application. The general processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as execution completed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0147] In the embodiments of the present application, the memory can be a non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), etc., and can also be a volatile memory such as a random-access memory (RAM). The memory can be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited to this. The memory in the embodiments of the present application can also be a circuit or any other device capable of realizing a storage function, for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0148] ​The method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof, in whole or in part. When implemented by software, the method can be implemented in the form of a computer program product, in whole or in part. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (such as an SSD), etc.

[0149] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Comprising: generating a first reference signal, the first reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to a second reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal transformed from the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v in a communication process, a frequency domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal being proportional to a frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , and τ≠0 or v≠0, τ max being a first threshold value, v max being a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking an absolute value of x; transmitting the first reference signal; wherein a period of a pattern of resource units occupied by the first reference signal is an integer multiple of a time slot corresponding to the first reference signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first reference signal is two-dimensionally quasi-orthogonal to a third reference signal, the third reference signal being a reference signal after the τ and v transformations of a fourth reference signal, and the first reference signal is code-division multiplexed with the fourth reference signal.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, a frequency domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal is inversely proportional to the τ max a time domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal is proportional to a time domain range length of the first reference signal and inversely proportional to the v max .

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The expression of the first reference signal is: wherein n and l are subcarrier index number and symbol index number of the resource unit occupied by the first reference signal respectively, n≥0, l≥0, u n and u l denote the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l denote the frequency domain offset and time-frequency offset of the first reference signal respectively, k n and k l denote the frequency domain interval and time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal, u n , u l , α n , α l , k n , k l are positive integers, β and γ are integers ≥0, N / k n , M / k l are prime numbers.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The expression of the first reference signal is: wherein n and l are subcarrier index number and symbol index number of the resource unit occupied by the first reference signal respectively, n≥0, l≥0, u n and u l denote the root of the first reference signal, α n and α l denote the frequency domain offset and time-frequency offset of the first reference signal respectively, k n and k l denote the frequency domain interval and time domain interval between the resource units occupied by the first reference signal, N is the frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, M is the time domain range length of the first reference signal, u n ,u l ,α n ,α l ,k n ,k l are all positive integers, β and γ are integers≥0, N / k n ,M / k l are prime numbers, N1 is the number of sampling points of the symbol corresponding to the l, N2 is the difference between the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the first symbol and the number of sampling points of the cyclic prefix of the second symbol, the first symbol is the first symbol of a time slot, and the second symbol is any symbol in the time slot except the first symbol, M l is the serial number of the symbol corresponding to the l in the time slot of the symbol corresponding to the l.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, 7. A communication method characterized by comprising: Comprising: receive a fifth reference signal, the fifth reference signal comprising a second reference signal, the second reference signal being two-dimensionally orthogonal to the first reference signal, the second reference signal being a reference signal transformed from the first reference signal by a time delay τ and a Doppler shift v in a communication process, a frequency domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal being proportional to a frequency domain range length of the first reference signal, 0≤τ≤τ max , 0≤|v|≤v max , τ≠0 or v≠0, τ max being a first threshold value, v max being a second threshold value, wherein |x| represents taking an absolute value of x; a period of a pattern of resource units occupied by the first reference signal being an integer multiple of a time slot corresponding to the first reference signal; obtaining channel state information according to the fifth reference signal.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The fifth reference signal further comprises a third reference signal, the first reference signal being two-dimensionally quasi-orthogonal to the third reference signal, the third reference signal being a reference signal after the τ and v transformations of a fourth reference signal, and the first reference signal being code-division multiplexed with the fourth reference signal.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, a frequency domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal is inversely proportional to the τ max a time domain interval between resource units occupied by the first reference signal is proportional to a time domain range length of the first reference signal and inversely proportional to the v max .

10. A communications device, characterized by Comprising units or modules for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

11. A communications device, characterized by Comprising units or modules for implementing the method according to any one of claims 7-9.

12. A chip system, characterized by Comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions, the processor executing the instructions to cause the system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

13. A chip system, characterized by Comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions, the processor executing the instructions to cause the system to perform the method according to any one of claims 7-9.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores instructions, when the instructions run on a computer, causing the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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