An electricity-heat-hydrogen combined supply device and method based on biomass gasification

Abstract

The application discloses an electricity-heat-hydrogen combined supply device and method based on biomass gasification, which comprises a biomass gasification unit, a chemical chain hydrogen production unit, a gas turbine power generation unit, a steam turbine power generation-heat supply unit and pipelines. Compared with a traditional solid fuel gasification hydrogen production device, the application has a simple process, only needs to go through three stages of gasification, combustion and water decomposition hydrogen production, and the hydrogen purity is as high as 99% or more. The self-heating of the hydrogen production unit and the reaction temperature thereof are realized by adjusting the air amount entering the air reactor. The proportion of hydrogen and power generation is adjusted by adjusting the proportion of the synthesis gas entering the chemical chain hydrogen production unit and the gas turbine unit. The proportion of power generation and heat supply is adjusted by adjusting the steam extraction amount or the steam extraction point position of the steam turbine, so that the proportion among power generation, heat supply and hydrogen production of the device can be flexibly adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distributed energy supply using biomass as an energy source, and in particular to a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device and method based on biomass gasification. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major agricultural country, and its vast arable land and economic forests generate a large amount of agricultural and forestry biomass waste every year. Biomass energy is a renewable energy source with zero CO2 emissions. Using it as an energy source can not only achieve effective disposal of biomass waste, but also help reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

[0003] Biomass resources are characterized by diverse sources, low energy density, and dispersed distribution. These characteristics dictate that site-specific and distributed utilization is essential for developing the biomass energy industry. Industrial parks, with their high energy density, diverse energy consumption patterns, and relatively stable energy demand, are among the best application scenarios for distributed energy. Electricity and heat are the most widely demanded energy forms in industrial parks. Furthermore, hydrogen is an ideal fuel; its main combustion product in the air is water, which does not cause environmental pollution and significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen is a crucial raw material for modern industry, primarily used in petroleum refining and petrochemical industries such as ammonia and methanol synthesis. It is also used as rocket fuel in the aerospace industry and as a reducing gas in the metallurgical industry, playing a vital role in modern society. Hydrogen energy is a key energy carrier for my country's future development and will play a crucial role in the green and low-carbon transformation of energy consumption terminals. Therefore, research on hydrogen-containing combined heat and power (CHP) systems using biomass as an energy source is of great significance. Biomass gasification technology is the process of converting biomass into valuable gaseous and solid products through thermochemical means. It is also an effective process for producing electricity, heat, hydrogen, and second-generation biofuels. Given the diverse energy needs of industrial parks, developing combined heat, power, and hydrogen (CHP) systems and methods based on biomass gasification has promising application prospects.

[0004] Existing biomass gasification technologies require energy-intensive cryogenic air oxygen production processes, and the production of high-purity hydrogen from biomass gasification involves processes such as gasification, desulfurization, reforming, shift conversion, acid gas removal, and pressure swing adsorption. Although the technology is relatively mature, the processes are complex, energy-intensive, and have low hydrogen production efficiency. Furthermore, current combined heat and power (CHP) technologies based on biomass gasification are mainly limited to combined power generation and heating (CHP). There is still a lack of mature technologies for hydrogen-containing CHP systems that use biomass as an energy source, especially for systems where the output ratio of various energy forms can be flexibly adjusted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device and method based on biomass gasification is provided. While avoiding the high energy consumption of air separation oxygen production, it can produce hydrogen with a purity of up to 99% and can effectively adjust the output ratio among electricity, heat and hydrogen.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification, including a biomass gasification unit, a chemical loop hydrogen production unit, a gas turbine power generation unit, a steam turbine power generation-heat supply unit, and pipelines;

[0007] The biomass gasification unit consists of a gasifier, an air preheater, a dust collector and desulfurizer, a distributor, and a splitter. The syngas side of the air preheater is connected in series to the gasifier outlet and to the dust collector and desulfurizer. The splitter is connected in series to the air side outlet of the air preheater, and the splitter outlet pipeline is split into two: one connected to the gasifier and the other connected to the air reactor of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit. The splitter is connected in series to the dust collector and desulfurizer outlet, and the splitter outlet pipeline is split into two: one connected to the fuel reactor of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the other connected to the mixer of the gas turbine power generation unit.

[0008] The chemical loop hydrogen production unit consists of a fuel reactor, a steam reactor, an air reactor, a syngas side of a waste heat boiler, a hydrogen side of a waste heat boiler, a hydrogen compressor, a cooler, and a heat exchanger. The fuel reactor is connected in series with one outlet of a splitter and the solids outlet of the air reactor. The fuel reactor outlet pipe is split into two: one for solids and connected to the steam reactor, and the other for gas and connected to the waste heat boiler. The syngas side pipe of the waste heat boiler is connected in series with the gas outlet of the fuel reactor and connected to a mixer. The steam reactor is connected in series with the solids outlet of the fuel reactor and the water side outlet of the heat exchanger. The steam reactor outlet pipe is split into two: one for solids and connected to the air reactor. The other path is gas and connected to the waste heat boiler; the hydrogen side of the waste heat boiler is connected in series to the gas outlet of the steam reactor and to the hydrogen compressor; the hydrogen compressor is connected in series to the hydrogen outlet of the waste heat boiler and to the cooler; the hydrogen side of the cooler is connected in series to the outlet of the hydrogen compressor, and the water side outlet of the cooler is connected to the water side of the heat exchanger; the air reactor is connected in series to the solid outlet of the steam reactor and one of the outlets of the splitter, and the air reactor outlet pipeline is split into two, one is solid and connected to the fuel reactor, and the other is gas and connected to the air side of the heat exchanger; the water side of the heat exchanger is connected in series to the water side outlet of the cooler and to the steam reactor, and the air side of the heat exchanger is connected in series to the air reactor outlet.

[0009] The gas turbine power generation unit consists of a mixer, a fuel compressor, an air compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, and a waste heat boiler flue gas side. The mixer is connected in series to one outlet of the splitter and the synthesis gas side of the waste heat boiler, and is also connected to the fuel compressor. The fuel compressor is connected in series to the mixer outlet and to the combustion chamber. The air compressor is connected to the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is connected in series to the outlets of the fuel compressor and the air compressor, and is also connected to the gas turbine. The gas turbine is connected in series to the combustion chamber outlet and to the waste heat boiler flue gas side.

[0010] The steam turbine power generation and heating unit consists of a steam turbine, heat exchanger, condenser, feedwater pump, waste heat boiler water side, waste heat boiler steam side, and waste heat boiler steam side. The steam turbine is connected in series at the waste heat boiler steam side outlet. The steam turbine outlet is split into two: one path connects to the heat exchanger, and the other path connects to the condenser steam side. The hot side of the heat exchanger is connected in series to the steam turbine extraction port and to the feedwater pump, while the cold side of the heat exchanger serves as the heating medium. The condenser is connected in series to the steam turbine exhaust port and to the feedwater pump. The feedwater pump is connected in series to the heat exchanger hot side outlet and the condenser steam side outlet, and to the waste heat boiler water side. The waste heat boiler water side is connected in series to the feedwater pump outlet and to the waste heat boiler steam side. The waste heat boiler steam side is connected in series to the waste heat boiler water side outlet and to the waste heat boiler steam side. The waste heat boiler steam side is connected in series to the waste heat boiler steam side outlet and to the steam turbine.

[0011] Preferably, the gasification medium in the biomass gasifier is air.

[0012] Preferably, the circulating solid material in the chemical loop hydrogen production unit is an iron-based oxygen carrier, which is mainly composed of iron oxides and an inert carrier.

[0013] Preferably, the distributor and the distributor can control the gas flow rate in the two outlet branches separately.

[0014] Preferably, the fuel reactor, steam reactor, and air reactor belong to the fluidized bed reactor category.

[0015] Preferably, the incompletely converted syngas in the fuel reactor is further compressed and sent to the combustion chamber for combustion after passing through a waste heat boiler and a mixer to ensure its complete conversion;

[0016] Preferably, the steam turbine is an extraction condensing steam turbine.

[0017] Based on the above, the present invention also provides a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: Biomass and hot air are introduced into the gasifier to produce syngas through a biomass gasification reaction. The biomass gasifier uses atmospheric pressure gasification with a reaction temperature of 750–950°C. The syngas enters the air preheater and exchanges heat with the air. After being treated by the dust removal and desulfurization unit, it enters the distributor. Part of the syngas enters the fuel reactor of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit, and the other part enters the gas turbine power generation unit. The air is heated to 600–800°C by the air preheater and enters the distributor. Part of the air enters the gasifier as a gasifying agent, and the other part enters the air reactor of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit as an oxidizing agent.

[0019] S2: The fuel reactor is in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 800–850℃. The syngas entering the fuel reactor undergoes a redox reaction with high-valence iron oxides Fe2O3 / Fe3O4. Fe2O3 is deeply reduced to Fe / FeO and enters the steam reactor. However, due to thermodynamic limitations, the syngas can only be partially oxidized to CO2 and H2O, forming incompletely converted syngas, which enters the mixer after being cooled by the waste heat boiler. The steam reactor is also in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 825–875℃. The Fe / FeO entering the steam reactor reacts with steam to form Fe3O4. The mixture of H2 and water vapor, along with Fe3O4, is fed into the air reactor. The H2 and water vapor mixture is first cooled in a waste heat boiler, then compressed by a hydrogen compressor, and further cooled and dehydrated by a cooler to obtain high-purity compressed H2. The cooling water is heated by the cooler and then enters a heat exchanger to form high-temperature steam, which is then sent to the steam reactor to participate in the hydrogen production reaction. The air reactor is in a rapid fluidized state, with the temperature controlled at 900-1000℃. The Fe3O4 entering the air reactor reacts with the air to generate Fe2O3 and releases a large amount of heat. The oxygen-deficient air after the reaction is cooled by the heat exchanger and then discharged.

[0020] S3: The synthesis gas in the mixer is compressed by the fuel compressor and then reacts with the air compressed by the air compressor in the combustion chamber. The generated high-temperature flue gas enters the gas turbine to do work and is then sent to the waste heat boiler to cool down before being discharged into the air.

[0021] S4: After being pressurized by the feedwater pump, the feedwater enters the waste heat boiler, the waste heat boiler and the waste heat boiler in sequence, and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which then enters the steam turbine to do work; the exhaust steam after doing work enters the condenser to condense and then enters the feedwater pump for pressurization; the steam for heating releases heat and condenses after passing through the heat exchanger and then enters the feedwater pump.

[0022] Preferably, the self-heating of the chemical loop hydrogen production device is achieved by adjusting the amount of air entering the air reactor through a distributor, and the reaction temperatures of the air reactor, fuel reactor and steam reactor in the chemical loop hydrogen production unit are controlled.

[0023] Preferably, in order to maintain the rapid fluidization of the air reactor, a portion of the oxygen-deficient air from the heat exchanger outlet can be returned to the air reactor as needed.

[0024] Preferably, the ratio of hydrogen production to power generation is controlled by adjusting the ratio of syngas entering the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the gas turbine unit through a splitter.

[0025] Preferably, the heating demand is met by adjusting the steam extraction rate of the steam turbine or the location of the steam extraction point, and the ratio of power generation to heating is controlled.

[0026] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. Using zero-carbon biomass as an energy source helps reduce carbon emissions; using air as a gasifying agent eliminates the need for high-investment, high-energy-consuming cryogenic air separation oxygen production units, which helps improve system efficiency.

[0028] 2. Compared with traditional solid fuel gasification hydrogen production equipment, the process is simple, requiring only three stages: gasification, combustion, and water decomposition to produce hydrogen. This not only improves hydrogen production efficiency but also ensures that the hydrogen purity is over 99%.

[0029] High hydrogen purity is one of the key advantages of chemical loop hydrogen production technology. This is because it utilizes the principle of hydrogen production through the reaction of reduced Fe or FeO with water vapor. Furthermore, the fuel components in biomass gasification gas are mainly H2, CO, and a small amount of CH4, which do not easily produce carbon deposits during the reduction of iron-based oxygen carriers. Therefore, the hydrogen purity can reach over 99%. In contrast, traditional solid fuel gasification hydrogen production requires reforming, shift conversion, acid gas removal, and pressure swing adsorption processes to achieve high purity. Although the technology is mature, it involves long processes, complex procedures, high investment, high energy consumption, and low hydrogen production efficiency.

[0030] 3. The self-heating of the hydrogen production unit and the control of its reaction temperature are achieved by adjusting the amount of air entering the air reactor; the ratio of hydrogen production to power generation is controlled by adjusting the ratio of syngas entering the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the gas turbine unit; the heating demand is met and the ratio of power generation to heat supply is controlled by adjusting the steam extraction rate or extraction point of the steam turbine; thus, the ratio between power generation, heating and hydrogen production in the device can be flexibly controlled.

[0031] In practical applications, the consumption of electricity, heat, and hydrogen at the user end generally varies with production conditions, holidays, seasons, day and night, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the variable operating conditions of the device. This invention can flexibly adjust the ratio of electricity, heat, and hydrogen in the device to meet the needs of production and life. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device structure of the present invention.

[0033] The components are as follows: 1. Gasifier; 2. Air preheater; 3. Dust collector and desulfurizer; 4. Diverter; 5. Fuel reactor; 6. Waste heat boiler; 7. Mixer; 8. Fuel compressor; 9. Air compressor; 10. Combustion chamber; 11. Gas turbine; 12. Waste heat boiler; 13. Diverter; 14. Air reactor; 15. Heat exchanger; 16. Steam reactor; 17. Waste heat boiler; 18. Hydrogen compressor; 19. Cooler; 20. Heat exchanger; 21. Steam turbine; 22. Condenser; 23. Feedwater pump. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading this invention, any modifications of the invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification, including a biomass gasification unit, a chemical looping hydrogen production unit, a gas turbine power generation unit, a steam turbine power generation-heating unit, and pipelines;

[0036] The biomass gasification unit consists of a gasifier 1, an air preheater 2, a dust collector and desulfurizer 3, a distributor 4, and a distributor 13. The syngas side of the air preheater 2 is connected in series to the outlet of the gasifier 1 and to the dust collector and desulfurizer 3. The distributor 13 is connected in series to the air side outlet of the air preheater 2. The outlet pipeline of the distributor 13 is divided into two parts: one part is connected to the gasifier 1, and the other part is connected to the air reactor 14 of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit. The distributor 4 is connected in series to the outlet of the dust collector and desulfurizer 3. The outlet pipeline of the distributor 4 is divided into two parts: one part is connected to the fuel reactor 5 of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit, and the other part is connected to the mixer 7 of the gas turbine power generation unit. The gasification medium of the biomass gasifier 1 is air. The distributor 4 and the distributor 13 can control the gas flow rate in the two outlet branches separately.

[0037] The chemical loop hydrogen production unit consists of a fuel reactor 5, a steam reactor 16, an air reactor 14, a waste heat boiler 6 (syngas side), a waste heat boiler 17 (hydrogen side), a hydrogen compressor 18, a cooler 19, and a heat exchanger 15. The fuel reactor 5 is connected in series with one outlet of the splitter 4 and the solid outlet of the air reactor 14. The outlet pipe of the fuel reactor 5 is split into two: one for solids and connected to the steam reactor 16, and the other for gas and connected to the waste heat boiler 6. The syngas side pipe of the waste heat boiler 6 is connected in series with the gas outlet of the fuel reactor 5 and the syngas side pipe. The reactor 7 is connected; the steam reactor 16 is connected in series to the solid outlet of the fuel reactor 5 and the water outlet of the heat exchanger 15. The outlet pipe of the steam reactor 16 is split into two: one is for solids and connected to the air reactor 14, and the other is for gas and connected to the waste heat boiler 17. The hydrogen side of the waste heat boiler 17 is connected in series to the gas outlet of the steam reactor 16 and to the hydrogen compressor 18. The hydrogen compressor 18 is connected in series to the hydrogen outlet of the waste heat boiler 17 and to the cooler 19. The hydrogen side of the cooler 19 is connected in series to the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 18, and the water side of the cooler 19 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 18. The outlet is connected to the water side of heat exchanger 15; air reactor 14 is connected in series to the solid outlet of steam reactor 16 and one outlet of splitter 13. The outlet pipe of air reactor 14 is split into two, one for solids and connected to fuel reactor 5, and the other for gas and connected to the air side of heat exchanger 15; the water side of heat exchanger 15 is connected in series to the water outlet of cooler 19 and connected to steam reactor 16, and the air side of heat exchanger 15 is connected in series to the outlet of air reactor 14; the circulating solid material in the chemical loop hydrogen production unit is an iron-based oxygen carrier, which mainly consists of iron oxides (including... The reactor consists of four iron oxides with different valence states: Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe, and an inert support (including Al2O3, ZrO2, MgAl2O4, YSZ, SiO2, TiO2, etc., which can be one of them or a mixture of several of them); the fuel reactor 5, the steam reactor 16, and the air reactor 14 are fluidized bed reactors; the incompletely converted syngas in the fuel reactor 5 is further compressed and sent to the combustion chamber 10 for combustion after passing through the waste heat boiler 6 and the mixer 7 to achieve complete conversion.

[0038] The gas turbine power generation unit consists of a mixer 7, a fuel compressor 8, an air compressor 9, a combustion chamber 10, a gas turbine 11, and a waste heat boiler 12 on the flue gas side. The mixer 7 is connected in series to one outlet of the splitter 4 and the synthesis gas side of the waste heat boiler 6, and is also connected to the fuel compressor 8. The fuel compressor 8 is connected in series to the outlet of the mixer 7 and to the combustion chamber 10. The air compressor 9 is connected to the combustion chamber 10. The combustion chamber 10 is connected in series to the outlets of the fuel compressor 8 and the air compressor 9, and is also connected to the gas turbine 11. The gas turbine 11 is connected in series to the outlet of the combustion chamber 10 and to the flue gas side of the waste heat boiler 12.

[0039] The steam turbine power generation and heating unit consists of a steam turbine 21, a heat exchanger 20, a condenser 22, a feedwater pump 23, a waste heat boiler 12 (water side), a waste heat boiler 6 (steam side), and a waste heat boiler 17 (steam side). The steam turbine 21 is connected in series to the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 17. The outlet of the steam turbine 21 is split into two paths: one connected to the heat exchanger 20, and the other connected to the steam side of the condenser 22. The hot side of the heat exchanger 20 is connected in series to the steam extraction port of the steam turbine 21 and to the feedwater pump 23. The cold side of the heat exchanger 20 serves as the heating medium. The condenser 22 is connected in series... The steam turbine 21 is connected to the exhaust port and feedwater pump 23; feedwater pump 23 is connected in series to the hot side outlet of heat exchanger 20 and the steam side outlet of condenser 22 and is connected to the water side of waste heat boiler 12; the water side of waste heat boiler 12 is connected in series to the outlet of feedwater pump 23 and is connected to the steam side of waste heat boiler 6; the steam side of waste heat boiler 6 is connected in series to the water side outlet of waste heat boiler 12 and is connected to the steam side of waste heat boiler 17; the steam side of waste heat boiler 17 is connected in series to the steam side outlet of waste heat boiler 6 and is connected to steam turbine 21; steam turbine 21 is an extraction condensing steam turbine.

[0040] This embodiment applies the above-mentioned device to provide a combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification, which includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: Biomass and hot air are introduced into gasifier 1 to produce syngas through a biomass gasification reaction. The biomass gasifier uses atmospheric pressure gasification, and the reaction temperature is 750-950℃. The syngas enters air preheater 2 and exchanges heat with air. After being treated by dust removal and desulfurization device 3, it enters distributor 4. Part of it enters fuel reactor 5 of chemical loop hydrogen production unit, and the other part enters gas turbine power generation unit. The air is heated to 600-800℃ by air preheater 2 and enters distributor 13. Part of it enters gasifier 1 as gasification agent, and the other part enters air reactor 14 of chemical loop hydrogen production unit as oxidant.

[0042] S2: Fuel reactor 5 is in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 800–850℃. The syngas entering fuel reactor 5 undergoes a redox reaction with high-valence iron oxides Fe2O3 / Fe3O4. Fe2O3 is deeply reduced to Fe / FeO and enters steam reactor 16. However, due to thermodynamic limitations, the syngas can only be partially oxidized to CO2 and H2O, forming incompletely converted syngas, which enters mixer 7 after being cooled by waste heat boiler 6. Steam reactor 16 is also in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 825–875℃. The Fe / FeO entering steam reactor 16 reacts with steam to generate Fe3O4, H2, and... The mixture of water vapor and Fe3O4 is fed into air reactor 14, while the mixture of H2 and water vapor first enters waste heat boiler 17 for cooling, then is compressed by hydrogen compressor 18, and further cooled by cooler 19 to remove condensate to obtain high-purity compressed H2; the cooling water is heated by cooler 19 and then enters heat exchanger 15 to be heated to form high-temperature water vapor, which is further sent to water vapor reactor 16 to participate in hydrogen production reaction; air reactor 14 is in a rapid fluidized state, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1000℃. Fe3O4 entering air reactor 14 reacts with air to generate Fe2O3 and releases a large amount of heat. The oxygen-deficient air after the reaction is cooled by heat exchanger 15 and then discharged.

[0043] S3: The synthesis gas in the mixer 7 is compressed by the fuel compressor 8 and then reacts with the air compressed by the air compressor 9 in the combustion chamber 10. The generated high-temperature flue gas enters the gas turbine 11 to do work and is then sent to the waste heat boiler 12 to cool down and then discharged into the air.

[0044] S4: After being pressurized by the feedwater pump 23, the feedwater enters the waste heat boiler 12, waste heat boiler 6 and waste heat boiler 17 in sequence, and becomes high temperature and high pressure steam, which enters the steam turbine 21 to do work; the exhaust steam after doing work enters the condenser 22 to condense and then enters the feedwater pump 23 to be pressurized. The steam for heating releases heat and condenses after passing through the heat exchanger 20 and then enters the feedwater pump 23.

[0045] In the above process, the amount of air entering the air reactor 14 is adjusted by the distributor 13 to achieve self-heating of the chemical loop hydrogen production device, and the reaction temperature of the air reactor 14, fuel reactor 5 and steam reactor 16 in the chemical loop hydrogen production unit is controlled.

[0046] In the above process, in order to maintain the rapid fluidization of the air reactor 14, a portion of the oxygen-deficient air from the outlet of the heat exchanger 15 can be returned to the air reactor 14 as needed.

[0047] In the above process, the ratio of hydrogen quantity to power generation is controlled by adjusting the ratio of syngas entering the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the gas turbine unit through the splitter 4.

[0048] In the above process, the steam extraction rate or extraction point of the steam turbine 21 is adjusted to meet the heating demand and to regulate the ratio of power generation to heating.

Claims

1. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification, characterized in that, It includes a biomass gasification unit, a chemical loop hydrogen production unit, a gas turbine power generation unit, a steam turbine power generation and heating unit, and pipelines; The biomass gasification unit consists of a gasifier (1), an air preheater (2), a dust collector and desulfurizer (3), a distributor (4), and a distributor (13). The syngas side of the air preheater (2) is connected in series to the outlet of the gasifier (1) and to the dust collector and desulfurizer (3). The distributor (13) is connected in series to the air side outlet of the air preheater (2). The outlet pipeline of the distributor (13) is divided into two parts, one of which is connected to the gasifier (1) and the other is connected to the air reactor (14) of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit. The distributor (4) is connected in series to the outlet of the dust collector and desulfurizer (3). The outlet pipeline of the distributor (4) is divided into two parts, one of which is connected to the fuel reactor (5) of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the other is connected to the mixer (7) of the gas turbine power generation unit. The chemical loop hydrogen production unit consists of a fuel reactor (5), a steam reactor (16), an air reactor (14), a waste heat boiler (6) on the syngas side, a waste heat boiler (17) on the hydrogen side, a hydrogen compressor (18), a cooler (19), and a heat exchanger (15). The fuel reactor (5) is connected in series to one outlet of the splitter (4) and the solid outlet of the air reactor (14). The outlet pipeline of the fuel reactor (5) is split into two: one is for solids and connected to the steam reactor (16), and the other is for gas and connected to the waste heat boiler (6). The syngas side pipeline of the waste heat boiler (6) is connected in series to the gas outlet of the fuel reactor (5) and connected to the mixer (7). The steam reactor (16) is connected in series to the solid outlet of the fuel reactor (5) and the water side outlet of the heat exchanger (15). The outlet pipeline of the steam reactor (16) is split into two: one is for solids and connected to the air reactor (14), and the other is for gas. The body is connected to the waste heat boiler (17); the hydrogen side of the waste heat boiler (17) is connected in series to the gas outlet of the steam reactor (16) and to the hydrogen compressor (18); the hydrogen compressor (18) is connected in series to the hydrogen side outlet of the waste heat boiler (17) and to the cooler (19); the hydrogen side of the cooler (19) is connected in series to the outlet of the hydrogen compressor (18), and the water side outlet of the cooler (19) is connected to the water side of the heat exchanger (15); the air reactor (14) is connected in series to the solid outlet of the steam reactor (16) and one of the outlets of the splitter (13), and the outlet pipeline of the air reactor (14) is divided into two, one is solid and connected to the fuel reactor (5), and the other is gas and connected to the air side of the heat exchanger (15); the water side of the heat exchanger (15) is connected in series to the water side outlet of the cooler (19) and to the steam reactor (16), and the air side of the heat exchanger (15) is connected in series to the outlet of the air reactor (14); The gas turbine power generation unit consists of a mixer (7), a fuel compressor (8), an air compressor (9), a combustion chamber (10), a gas turbine (11), and a waste heat boiler (12) on the flue gas side. The mixer (7) is connected in series to one outlet of the splitter (4) and the synthesis gas side of the waste heat boiler (6), and is connected to the fuel compressor (8). The fuel compressor (8) is connected in series to the outlet of the mixer (7) and is connected to the combustion chamber (10). The air compressor (9) is connected to the combustion chamber (10). The combustion chamber (10) is connected in series to the outlets of the fuel compressor (8) and the air compressor (9), and is connected to the gas turbine (11). The gas turbine (11) is connected in series to the outlet of the combustion chamber (10) and is connected to the flue gas side of the waste heat boiler (12). The steam turbine power generation and heating unit consists of a steam turbine (21), a heat exchanger (20), a condenser (22), a feedwater pump (23), a water side of a waste heat boiler (12), a steam side of a waste heat boiler (6), and a steam side of a waste heat boiler (17). The steam turbine (21) is connected in series to the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler (17). The outlet of the steam turbine (21) is divided into two parts, one connected to the heat exchanger (20) and the other connected to the steam side of the condenser (22). The hot side of the heat exchanger (20) is connected in series to the steam extraction port of the steam turbine (21) and to the feedwater pump (23). The cold side of the heat exchanger (20) is the heating medium. The condenser (22) is connected in series to the exhaust port of the steam turbine (21) and to the feedwater pump (23); the feedwater pump (23) is connected in series to the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger (20) and the steam side outlet of the condenser (22) and to the water side of the waste heat boiler (12); the water side of the waste heat boiler (12) is connected in series to the outlet of the feedwater pump (23) and to the steam side of the waste heat boiler (6); the steam side of the waste heat boiler (6) is connected in series to the water side outlet of the waste heat boiler (12) and to the steam side of the waste heat boiler (17); the steam side of the waste heat boiler (17) is connected in series to the steam side outlet of the waste heat boiler (6) and to the steam turbine (21).

2. The combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification medium of the biomass gasifier (1) is air.

3. The combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating solid material in the chemical loop hydrogen production unit is an iron-based oxygen carrier, which is mainly composed of iron oxides and inert carriers.

4. The combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The splitter (4) and splitter (13) can control the gas flow rate in the two outlet branches separately.

5. The combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power supply device based on biomass gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The incompletely converted syngas in the fuel reactor (5) is further compressed and sent to the combustion chamber (10) for combustion after passing through the waste heat boiler (6) and mixer (7) to achieve full conversion.

6. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Biomass and hot air are introduced into the gasifier (1) to generate syngas through a biomass gasification reaction. The biomass gasifier adopts atmospheric pressure gasification and the reaction temperature is 750-950℃. The syngas enters the air preheater (2) and exchanges heat with the air. After being treated by the dust removal and desulfurization device (3), it enters the distributor (4). One part of it enters the fuel reactor (5) of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit, and the other part enters the gas turbine power generation unit. The air is heated to 600-800℃ by the air preheater (2) and enters the distributor (13). One part of it enters the gasifier (1) as a gasifying agent, and the other part enters the air reactor (14) of the chemical loop hydrogen production unit as an oxidant. S2: The fuel reactor (5) is in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 800-850℃. The syngas entering the fuel reactor (5) undergoes a redox reaction with high-valence iron oxides Fe2O3 / Fe3O4. Fe2O3 is deeply reduced to generate Fe / FeO and enters the steam reactor (16). However, due to thermodynamic limitations, the syngas can only be partially oxidized to CO2 and H2O, forming incompletely converted syngas. After being cooled by the waste heat boiler (6), it enters the mixer (7). The steam reactor (16) is in a bubbling fluidized bed, with the temperature controlled at 825-875℃. The Fe / FeO entering the steam reactor (16) reacts with steam to generate Fe3O4, as well as H2 and steam. The mixed gas, Fe3O4 is sent to the air reactor (14), while the H2 and water vapor mixture first enters the waste heat boiler (17) for cooling, and then is compressed by the hydrogen compressor (18). After being further cooled by the cooler (19) and the condensate is removed, high-purity compressed H2 is obtained. The cooling water is heated by the cooler (19) and then enters the heat exchanger (15) to be heated to form high-temperature water vapor, and is further sent to the water vapor reactor (16) to participate in the hydrogen production reaction. The air reactor (14) is in a rapid fluidized state, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1000℃. The Fe3O4 entering the air reactor (14) reacts with the air to generate Fe2O3 and releases a large amount of heat. The oxygen-deficient air after the reaction is cooled by the heat exchanger (15) and then discharged. S3: The synthesis gas in the mixer (7) is compressed by the fuel compressor (8) and then reacts with the air compressed by the air compressor (9) in the combustion chamber (10). The generated high-temperature flue gas enters the gas turbine (11) to do work and is then sent to the waste heat boiler (12) to cool down and then discharged. S4: After being pressurized by the feedwater pump (23), the feedwater enters the waste heat boiler (12), waste heat boiler (6) and waste heat boiler (17) in sequence to become high temperature and high pressure steam, and then enters the steam turbine (21) to do work; the exhaust steam after doing work enters the condenser (22) to condense and then enters the feedwater pump (23) to be pressurized. The steam for heating releases heat and condenses after passing through the heat exchanger (20) and then enters the feedwater pump (23).

7. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The self-heating of the chemical chain hydrogen production device is achieved by adjusting the amount of air entering the air reactor (14) through the distributor (13), and the reaction temperature of the air reactor (14), fuel reactor (5) and steam reactor (16) in the chemical chain hydrogen production unit is controlled.

8. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification according to claim 6, characterized in that, To maintain the rapid fluidization of the air reactor (14), a portion of the oxygen-deficient air from the outlet of the heat exchanger (15) is returned to the air reactor (14) as needed.

9. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of hydrogen production to power generation is controlled by adjusting the ratio of syngas entering the chemical loop hydrogen production unit and the gas turbine unit through the splitter (4).

10. A combined electricity-heat-hydrogen power generation method based on biomass gasification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating demand is met by adjusting the steam extraction rate or extraction point of the steam turbine (21), and the ratio of power generation to heating is controlled.

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