Blockchain-based power transaction method and system under virtual power plant environment

Abstract

The application provides a kind of virtual power plant environment based on the power transaction method and system based on block chain, it is related to the field of block chain technology.The application is based on the initial transaction plan of user in virtual power plant, constructs the non-cooperative game model of multiple users and virtual power plant, determines the purchase price, the selling price and the demand response compensation price of transaction between user and virtual power plant in t period, and determines the final load demand of user i, the charging capacity or discharging capacity of energy storage device, the purchase capacity or selling capacity of transaction with virtual power plant operator in t time period according to the above results, forms the final transaction scheme;According to the final transaction scheme, match both parties of transaction, generate transaction contract and verify.The transaction information submitted to block chain by the node participating in transaction in the power transaction system based on block chain can obtain supply and demand plan in real time, adjust power generation plan of power generation unit in real time, especially the power production index of non-renewable energy, avoid invalid capacity, improve energy utilization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blockchain, in particular to a power transaction method and system based on blockchain in a virtual power plant environment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid popularization and development of distributed renewable energy, traditional power consumers gradually become power producers and consumers. However, when a large number of distributed energy sources are connected to the traditional power grid system, the randomness, intermittency and volatility of the distributed energy sources when they operate alone will threaten the safety and reliability of the power grid.

[0003] However, the key to the operation of the existing virtual power plant is to flexibly control different distributed energy sources in the region, but in the face of the randomness, volatility and difficulty of storage of distributed energy sources, it is often difficult to achieve ideal utilization when controlling distributed energy sources, that is, the energy utilization rate in the existing power transaction system in the virtual power plant environment is low. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a power transaction method and system based on blockchain in a virtual power plant environment, which solves the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the existing power transaction system in the virtual power plant environment.

[0006] (II) Technical solutions

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a power transaction method based on blockchain in a virtual power plant environment, the method comprising:

[0009] S1, based on the planned load demand of user i at t period, the distributed energy source output prediction data, the state of the energy storage device at the last period, and the purchase and sale electricity prices of the virtual power plant in the last transaction period, the user cost of participating in the power transaction is optimized to minimize the user's planned electricity cost in t period, the planned purchase and sale electricity quantity and the planned charging and discharging quantity of the energy storage device between the user and the virtual power plant operator are determined, and the initial transaction plan of user i in t period is obtained;

[0010] S2, based on the initial transaction plan of the user in the virtual power plant, a non-cooperative game model of multiple users and the virtual power plant is constructed, and the purchase, sale and demand response compensation electricity prices between the user and the virtual power plant in t period are determined;

[0011] S3, determine the final load demand, energy storage device charging or discharging amount, and the electricity purchase or sale amount of user i in the t time period based on the electricity purchase price, electricity sale price and demand response compensation price of the user in the t time period, and form a final transaction scheme;

[0012] S4, match the transaction parties based on the final transaction scheme in the t time period, generate a transaction contract and verify it.

[0013] Preferably, the planned electricity cost function of user i is:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] wherein: C' i,t represents the planned cost of user i in the t time period; represents the planned cost of user i in the t time period for the transaction with the virtual power plant; represents the planned energy storage cost of user i in the t time period; represents the planned renewable energy generation cost of user i in the t time period; represents the unit cost of the energy storage of user i; respectively represent the state of the planned energy storage of user i in the t time period; represents the unit cost of the distributed device output of user i; η ch and η dis respectively represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the energy storage; represents the upper limit of the energy storage device of user i; E' i,t represents the planned energy storage amount of user i in the t time period; E i,t-Δt represents the energy storage amount of user i in the previous time period; and respectively represent the upper limit of the charging and discharging of the energy storage device in the t time period; and respectively represent the 0-1 variable of the state of the energy storage device at the t time; represents the maximum distributed device generation amount of user i in the t time period; represents the planned load demand of user i in the t time period; represents the distributed energy device output prediction data of user i in the t time period; represents the electricity purchase price and sale price of the user in the previous transaction time period; represents the planned electricity purchase amount and sale amount of user i in the t time period for the transaction with the virtual power plant operator; represents the planned charging amount and discharging amount of the energy storage device of user i in the t time period.

[0017] Preferably, the non-cooperative game model includes:

[0018] G = (L; S; U)

[0019] In the formula, L, S, and U represent the participants, strategies, and utility of the game model, respectively;

[0020] Participants refer to virtual power plant operators and user nodes that submit transaction plans;

[0021] The strategy includes: the electricity volume traded between the user and the virtual power plant operator during time period t, and the electricity price traded between the virtual power plant operator and the user;

[0022] Utility includes: the utility of users and the utility of virtual power plant operators.

[0023] Preferably, the user's utility function is as follows:

[0024] U i,t =-C' i,t

[0025] The utility function of a virtual power plant operator is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] in: This represents the total cost of the virtual power plant during time period t; and These represent the electricity purchase cost and electricity sales cost for users participating in the transaction from the virtual power plant, respectively. This represents the incentive cost for users participating in demand response compensation within a virtual power plant; Representing the cost of trading with the power grid, the utility function of a virtual power plant operator is subject to the following constraints:

[0028]

[0029] in: and These represent the electricity sales price and purchase price in the transaction between the virtual power plant and the main power grid, respectively. This represents the user's movable load during time period t; This represents the user's load that can be reduced during time period t, where i represents the user, N represents the number of users participating in virtual power plant transactions, and T represents the total number of time periods during which the user participates in virtual power plant transactions. λ e This represents the purchase price, sales price, and demand response compensation price of electricity traded between users and virtual power plants during time period t.

[0030] Preferably, S3 includes:

[0031] According to the electricity purchase price, the electricity sale price and the demand response compensation price of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant in the t period, the renewable energy output and the demand response of the user are optimized to minimize the cost of the user, and the electricity purchase amount or the electricity sale amount and the charging amount or the discharging amount of the energy storage device of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant are determined to form the final transaction scheme of the user.

[0032] Preferably, the cost function of the user is as follows:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Wherein: C i,t represents the cost of the user i in the t period; represents the cost of the user i in the t period in the transaction with the virtual power plant; represents the energy storage cost of the user i in the t period; represents the renewable energy generation cost of the user i in the t period; represents the incentive income obtained by the user i in the t period by participating in the demand response; represents the electricity purchase amount or the electricity sale amount of the user i in the t period in the transaction with the virtual power plant; represents the charging amount or the discharging amount of the energy storage device of the user i in the t period; represents the final load demand of the user i in the t period; represents the distributed energy device output data of the user i in the t period.

[0036] Preferably, before step S1 is performed, the method further comprises: S0, assigning the user with the permission to participate in the electricity transaction;

[0037] And / or;

[0038] After step S4 is performed, the method further comprises: S5, recording the real-time transaction data in the form of blocks in the blockchain, and performing default management and payment management.

[0039] In a second aspect, the present application provides a blockchain-based electricity transaction system in a virtual power plant environment, comprising:

[0040] An initial plan acquisition module is configured to minimize the planned electricity cost of the user in the t period based on the planned load demand of the user i in the t period, the distributed energy device output prediction data, the state of the energy storage device in the last period, and the electricity purchase price and the electricity sale price of the transaction with the virtual power plant in the last transaction period, optimize the cost of the user participating in the electricity transaction, determine the planned electricity purchase amount or the electricity sale amount and the planned charging amount or the discharging amount of the energy storage device of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant operator, and obtain the initial transaction plan of the user i in the t period.

[0041] The game module is configured to construct a non-cooperative game model of multiple users and the virtual power plant based on initial transaction plans of the users in the virtual power plant, and determine a power purchase price, a power sale price and a demand response compensation price of a transaction between the users and the virtual power plant in a t period of time;

[0042] The final scheme acquisition module is configured to determine a final load demand, a charge or discharge amount of an energy storage device and a power purchase or sale amount of the user i in the t period of time based on the power purchase price, the power sale price and the demand response compensation price of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant in the t period of time, and form a final transaction scheme.

[0043] The matching module is configured to match the transaction parties based on the final transaction scheme in the t period of time, generate a transaction contract and verify the transaction contract.

[0044] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program for a power transaction system based on a blockchain in a virtual power plant environment, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the power transaction method based on the blockchain in the virtual power plant environment as described above.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising:

[0046] one or more processors;

[0047] a memory; and

[0048] one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the programs comprise a program for executing the power transaction method based on the blockchain in the virtual power plant environment as described above.

[0049] (III) Advantages

[0050] The present application provides a power transaction method and system based on a blockchain in a virtual power plant environment. Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0051] The application is based on the planned load demand of user i at t period, distributed energy equipment output prediction data, energy storage equipment state of the last period, and the virtual power plant transaction electricity purchase price and electricity sale price of the last transaction period, optimizes the user cost of participating in power transaction, determines the planned electricity purchase quantity or electricity sale quantity of user and virtual power plant operator and the planned charging quantity or discharging quantity of energy storage equipment, obtains the initial transaction plan of user i at t period, constructs a non-cooperative game model of multi-user and virtual power plant based on the initial transaction plan of user in the virtual power plant, determines the electricity purchase price, electricity sale price and demand response compensation price of user and virtual power plant transaction at t period, determines the final load demand, energy storage equipment charging quantity or discharging quantity, electricity purchase quantity or electricity sale quantity of user i at t period according to the electricity purchase price, electricity sale price and demand response compensation price of user and virtual power plant transaction at t period, forms the final transaction scheme, and matches the transaction parties based on the final transaction scheme at t period, generates a transaction contract and verifies it. In the block chain-based power transaction system of the embodiment of the application, the transaction information submitted by the nodes participating in the transaction to the block chain can obtain the supply and demand plan in real time, adjust the power generation plan of the power generation unit in real time, especially the power production index of non-renewable energy, avoid invalid capacity, and improve energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, brief introductions will be given to the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0053] Figure 1 A block diagram of a block chain-based power transaction method in a virtual power plant environment in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 2 A block diagram of a block chain-based power transaction system in a virtual power plant environment in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0056] The embodiment of the application provides a power transaction method and system based on a block chain in a virtual power plant environment, solves the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the existing power transaction system in the virtual power plant environment, realizes real-time acquisition of supply and demand plans, timely adjustment of power generation plans of power generation units, and improvement of energy utilization rate.

[0057] The technical solution in the embodiment of the application is as follows to solve the above technical problem:

[0058] To realize coordinated control and energy management of distributed power sources, virtual power plants can be used to flexibly control a large number of distributed power sources. Under the support of advanced communication and regulation technologies, the virtual power plants dynamically aggregate distributed power sources, controllable loads and energy storage systems into a whole, so that the virtual power plants can participate in power market and auxiliary service market operation and realize bidirectional exchange of power and information of transaction subjects. However, with a large number of producers and consumers joining the transaction market, the existing virtual power plants face great challenges: (1) the virtual power plants are difficult to cope with the randomness, volatility and intermittency of renewable energy, so it is difficult to achieve ideal utilization rate and overall benefit when controlling distributed energy sources; (2) the benefit distribution mechanism of the existing power transaction scheme based on a block chain in the virtual power plant is mostly based on user self-quotation, which is not conducive to promoting the enthusiasm of users to participate in transactions and overall benefits, and increases transaction costs and credit costs in the transaction process; (3) the existing virtual power plants realize information and data scheduling between transaction market subjects such as power generation sides and demand sides through bidirectional communication technologies, but lack a security system for information security of the virtual power plants, and there is a risk of unauthorized acquisition and malicious tampering of data.

[0059] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the application provides a power transaction method and system based on a block chain in a virtual power plant environment. The block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, security and credibility, and anonymity, and provides a reliable environment for data interoperability and information security of distributed energy sources connected to the grid in the virtual power plant.

[0060] The embodiment of the application provides a power transaction method based on a block chain in a virtual power plant environment, as shown in the method, the method is executed by a power transaction system, and includes the following steps. Figure 1

[0061] S1, based on the planned load demand of a user i at a t period, distributed energy source equipment output prediction data, a state of an energy storage equipment in a previous period, and a power purchase price and a power sale price of a virtual power plant in a previous transaction period, taking minimization of a planned power consumption cost of the user in the t period as a target, optimizing a cost of the user participating in power transaction, determining a planned power purchase amount or a power sale amount of the user and the virtual power plant operator and a planned charging amount or a discharging amount of the energy storage equipment, and obtaining an initial transaction plan of the user i in the t period;

[0062] ​S2, based on the initial transaction plan of the user in the virtual power plant, a non-cooperative game model of multiple users and the virtual power plant is constructed, and the purchase power price, the selling power price and the demand response compensation price between the user and the virtual power plant in the t period are determined;

[0063] S3, according to the purchase power price, the selling power price and the demand response compensation price between the user and the virtual power plant in the t period, the final load demand of the user i in the t period, the charging amount or discharging amount of the energy storage device, and the purchase power or selling power of the user i in the t period are determined, and a final transaction scheme is formed;

[0064] S4, based on the final transaction scheme in the t period, the transaction parties are matched, a transaction contract is generated and verified.

[0065] The transaction information submitted by the node participating in the transaction in the power transaction system based on the blockchain can obtain the supply and demand plan in real time, adjust the power generation plan of the power generation unit in real time, especially the power production index of non-renewable energy, avoid invalid capacity, and improve energy utilization.

[0066] The following will be described in detail:

[0067] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the "user" and "user node" can be interchanged, and both represent the node of the transaction user in the blockchain. The power transaction system in the embodiment of the application is a distributed power transaction platform based on the blockchain.

[0068] It should be noted that in the specific implementation process, when the user first joins the power transaction system, the method further comprises: S0, allocating the user with the permission to participate in the power transaction, specifically:

[0069] The user submits a registration application to the supervisory agency of the power transaction system based on the blockchain in the virtual power plant, and the power transaction system allocates the user with the permission to participate in the power transaction, including a group of public keys K p , private keys K s and wallet addresses W.

[0070] In step S1, the application is based on the planned load demand of the user i The output prediction data of the distributed energy equipment The state E of the energy storage equipment in the last period i,t-Δt , the purchase power price and the selling power price of the user and the virtual power plant in the last transaction period, the user's planned power consumption cost minimization in the t period is taken as the target, the user's cost participating in the power transaction is optimized, and the planned purchase power or selling power and the planned charging amount of the energy storage equipment between the user and the virtual power plant operator are determined. or discharge quantity Get user i's initial trading plan for time period t. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0071] First, obtain the planned load demand of user i. Distributed energy equipment output forecast data Energy storage device status E in the previous period i,t-Δt And the electricity purchase price between users and virtual power plants in the previous trading session. and electricity sales price

[0072] Then based on user i's planned load demand Distributed energy equipment output forecast data Energy storage device status E in the previous period i,t-Δt And the electricity purchase price between users and virtual power plants in the previous trading session. and electricity sales price The planned electricity cost C' for user i during time period t. i,t With the goal of minimizing costs, optimize participation in electricity trading and determine the planned electricity volume that users will purchase from virtual power plant operators. Or electricity sales and the planned charging amount of energy storage devices or discharge quantity Obtain the initial trading plan of user i

[0073] The planned electricity cost function for user i is:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Where: C' i,t This represents the planned cost for user i during time period t; This represents the planned cost of user i's transaction with the virtual power plant during time period t; This represents the planned energy storage cost for user i during time period t. This represents the planned renewable energy generation cost for user i during time period t; This represents the unit cost of energy storage for user i; These represent the planned energy storage status of user i during time period t; η represents the unit cost of power output by user i's own distributed devices; ch and η dis These represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of energy storage, respectively. E' represents the upper limit of the energy storage device for user i; i,trepresents the planned energy storage amount of user i at time period t; E i,t-Δt represents the energy storage amount of user i at the last time period; and respectively represent the upper limit of charging and discharging of the energy storage device at time period t; and respectively represent 0-1 variables of the state of the energy storage device at time t; represents the maximum power generation amount of the distributed energy equipment of user i at time period t; represents the planned load demand of user i at time period t; represents the distributed energy equipment output prediction data of user i at time period t; represents the electricity purchase price and the electricity sale price of user i at the last transaction time period; represents the planned electricity purchase amount and the electricity sale amount of user i at time period t in the transaction with the virtual power plant operator; represents the planned charging amount and the discharging amount of the energy storage equipment of user i at time period t.

[0077] In the specific implementation process, the user node submits the initial transaction plan of itself to the block chain round endorsement node based on the optimized result

[0078] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the application, the prediction data such as the distributed energy equipment output prediction data can be obtained by using existing various prediction methods, and details are not repeated here.

[0079] In step S2, based on the initial transaction plan of the user in the virtual power plant, a non-cooperative game model of multiple users and the virtual power plant is constructed, and the electricity purchase price, the electricity sale price and the demand response compensation price between the user and the virtual power plant at time period t are determined. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0080] When all the user nodes submit the initial transaction plan, a non-cooperative game model of multiple users and the virtual power plant is constructed, and the virtual power plant adjusts the electricity transaction price between each user to control the electricity transaction between the user and the virtual power plant operator, so as to reduce the peak-valley difference of the main power grid and the power supply pressure of the power grid during the power consumption peak period. The virtual power plant adjusts the transaction price between the user and the virtual power plant, and determines the electricity sale price of the user in the virtual power plant at time period t between the user and the virtual power plant the electricity purchase price and the demand response compensation price λ e , and adjusts the demand response and the energy equipment output in the system according to the obtained electricity purchase price and electricity sale price and the demand response compensation price.

[0081] When all user nodes submit initial transaction plan, virtual power plant operator and users as different interest subjects, each has different goals, and the process of adjusting power transaction volume and transaction price through rational decision-making and carrying out power transaction is a typical non-cooperative game process. Therefore, the non-cooperative game model between virtual power plant operator and users is as follows:

[0082] G = (L; S; U)

[0083] In the formula, L, S and U respectively represent three elements of the game model: participants, strategies and utility, the participants refer to virtual power plant operator and user nodes submitting transaction plan, the transaction volume between user and virtual power plant operator at t period is taken as game strategy, and the transaction price between virtual power plant operator and user is taken as game strategy. The utility function of user is as follows:

[0084] U i,t = -C' i,t

[0085] The utility function of virtual power plant operator is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] The virtual power plant operator will consider its own utility and the operation stability of power grid system when controlling the transaction price between itself and user, so the utility function of virtual power plant mainly consists of demand response compensation provided by power selling income of main power grid and fluctuation loss caused by demand response of user. Wherein: represents the overall cost of virtual power plant at t period; and respectively represent the power purchase cost and power selling cost of user participating in transaction to virtual power plant; represents the incentive cost of demand response compensation of user participating in virtual power plant; represents the cost of transaction with power grid, and is subjected to the following constraints:

[0088]

[0089] Wherein: and respectively represent the power selling price and power purchase price of virtual power plant and main power grid; represents the shiftable load of user at t period; represents the curtailed load of user at t period, i represents user, N represents the number of users participating in transaction of virtual power plant, and T represents the total period of user participating in transaction of virtual power plant; e represents the power purchase price, power selling price and demand response compensation price between user and virtual power plant at t period. ​

[0090] In step S3, the electricity purchase price between the user and the virtual power plant during time period t is calculated. Electricity sales price and demand response compensation price λ e The final transaction plan for user i during time period t is determined. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0091] Given the electricity purchase and sale prices between internal users and virtual power plants, the system optimizes users' renewable energy output and demand response to obtain individual users' final cost functions. Specifically:

[0092] Based on the optimization results of steps S1 and S2, the purchase and sale price and demand response compensation price of electricity traded between users and virtual power plants in a given time period t are determined by the user's cost C. i,t With the goal of minimizing, optimize users' renewable energy output and demand response, and determine the amount of electricity purchased by users in interaction with virtual power plants. Or electricity sales and the charging capacity of energy storage devices or discharge quantity The user's cost function is as follows:

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Where: C i,t This represents the cost to user i during time period t; This represents the cost of user i's transaction with the virtual power plant during time period t; This represents the energy storage cost for user i during time period t; This represents the cost of renewable energy generation for user i during time period t; This represents the incentive benefit that user i receives for participating in demand response during time period t; This represents the amount of electricity purchased and sold by user i during time period t in interaction with the virtual power plant; This represents the charging and discharging amount of the energy storage device for user i during time period t; This represents the final load demand of user i during the time period t; This represents the output data of distributed energy devices for user i during time period t.

[0096] Based on the user's individual cost function, obtain the electricity purchased by the user in the interaction with the virtual power plant during time period t. Or electricity sales and the charging capacity of energy storage devices or discharge quantity Forming the user's final transaction plan

[0097] In step S4, based on the final transaction plan for time period t, the two parties are matched, a transaction contract is generated, and verified. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0098] Based on the user's individual cost function, obtain the final transaction plan for time period t. User nodes submit their final transaction roles and transaction volumes for the current time period to the blockchain's rotating endorsement nodes. Based on the user-submitted transaction information, the parties involved in the transaction within the virtual power plant are matched, and a transaction contract is automatically generated. All rotating endorsement nodes of the blockchain verify the transaction contract. Once approved, the contract is sent to the sorting node of the blockchain where the transaction parties reside. The sorting node packages all approved transaction contracts into blocks and updates the blockchains of both parties involved in the transaction.

[0099] In its implementation, the method further includes: S5, recording real-time transaction data in the form of blocks in the blockchain, and performing default management and payment management. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0100] User nodes conduct transactions based on the aforementioned transaction contracts and record real-time transaction data in the blockchain in the form of blocks. If a user node fails to perform its obligations or breaches its obligations during the transaction process, the power trading system in the virtual power plant will determine that the party at fault will bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract and pay a substantial penalty. If the transaction contract is successfully performed, the power trading system will automatically transfer the transaction fees based on the actual transaction data provided by the smart meters and record the actual transaction data in the blockchain in the form of blocks, thus completing the power transaction.

[0101] This invention also provides a blockchain-based power trading system in a virtual power plant environment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0102] The initial plan acquisition module is used to optimize the user cost of participating in electricity trading based on the user i's planned load demand in time period t, the output forecast data of distributed energy equipment, the status of energy storage equipment in the previous time period, and the purchase price and sales price of electricity with the virtual power plant in the previous trading period, with the goal of minimizing the user's planned electricity cost in time period t. It determines the planned purchase or sales volume of electricity between the user and the virtual power plant operator, as well as the planned charging or discharging volume of energy storage equipment, and obtains the initial trading plan of user i in time period t.

[0103] The game theory module is used to construct a non-cooperative game model between multiple users and the virtual power plant based on the initial transaction plans of users in the virtual power plant, and to determine the purchase price, sales price and demand response compensation price of the electricity transaction between users and the virtual power plant in time period t.

[0104] The final solution acquisition module is used to determine the final load demand of user i in time period t, the charging or discharging amount of energy storage equipment, and the amount of electricity purchased or sold with the virtual power plant operator based on the purchase price, sales price and demand response compensation price of the electricity traded between the user and the virtual power plant in time period t, and to form the final transaction solution.

[0105] The matching module is used to match the two parties in a transaction based on the final transaction plan for the time period t, generate a transaction contract, and verify it.

[0106] It is understood that the blockchain-based power trading system in the virtual power plant environment provided in this embodiment of the invention corresponds to the blockchain-based power trading method in the virtual power plant environment described above. The explanations, examples, and beneficial effects of the relevant content can be referred to the corresponding content in the blockchain-based power trading method in the virtual power plant environment, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for blockchain-based power trading in a virtual power plant environment, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the blockchain-based power trading method in a virtual power plant environment as described above.

[0108] This invention also provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0109] One or more processors;

[0110] Memory; and

[0111] One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the programs including methods for performing blockchain-based power trading in a virtual power plant environment as described above.

[0112] In summary, compared with existing technologies, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0113] 1. In the blockchain-based power trading system of this invention, the transaction information submitted by the participating nodes to the blockchain can obtain supply and demand plans in real time, adjust the power generation plans of power generation units in real time, especially the power production indicators of non-renewable energy sources, avoid ineffective capacity, and improve energy utilization.

[0114] 2. The power trading system of this invention is a blockchain-based distributed trading system with the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, and tamper-proof. Accurate trading information can help stabilize the scheduling of virtual power plants, improve the peak shaving and valley filling process of energy demand, and is conducive to the information transparency and stable scheduling of virtual power plants.

[0115] 3. In this embodiment of the invention, the transaction data is encrypted and protected by the blockchain's encryption algorithm, and is jointly authenticated by all nodes in the network; each node in the blockchain backs up all the information in the blockchain, effectively solving the failure risk of centralized data services, improving the robustness of the system, and protecting the privacy and security of user information.

[0116] 4. While maximizing the overall benefits of the virtual power plant, minimizing users' transaction costs can effectively promote active participation of users in electricity trading within the virtual power plant and improve the economic efficiency of the virtual power plant.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0118] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based power trading method in a virtual power plant environment, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. Based on user i's planned load demand in time period t, the output forecast data of distributed energy equipment, the status of energy storage equipment in the previous time period, and the purchase and sale prices of electricity with the virtual power plant in the previous trading period, with the goal of minimizing the user's planned electricity cost in time period t, optimize the user cost participating in electricity trading, determine the planned purchase or sale volume of electricity between the user and the virtual power plant operator, and the planned charging or discharging volume of energy storage equipment, and obtain the initial trading plan for user i in time period t; where the function of user i's planned electricity cost is: Where: C′ i,t This represents the planned cost for user i during time period t; This represents the planned cost of user i's transaction with the virtual power plant during time period t; This represents the planned energy storage cost for user i during time period t; This represents the planned renewable energy generation cost for user i during time period t; This represents the unit cost of energy storage for user i; These represent the planned energy storage status of user i during time period t; η represents the unit cost of power output by user i's own distributed devices; ch and η dis These represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of energy storage, respectively. E′ represents the upper limit of the energy storage device for user i. i,t E represents the planned energy storage capacity of user i during time period t; i,t-Δt This represents the energy storage capacity of user i in the previous time period; and These represent the upper limits of charging and discharging of the energy storage device during time period t; and These represent the 0-1 variables representing the state of the energy storage device at time t; This represents the maximum power generation of distributed devices for user i during time period t; This represents the planned load demand of user i during time period t; This represents the predicted output data of distributed energy devices for user i during time period t; This indicates the purchase price and sales price of electricity between users and virtual power plants in the previous trading session; This represents the planned purchase and sale of electricity between user i and the virtual power plant operator during time period t; This represents the planned charging and discharging amount of the energy storage device for user i during time period t; S2. Based on the initial transaction plans of users in the virtual power plant, construct a non-cooperative game model between multiple users and the virtual power plant to determine the purchase price, sales price, and demand response compensation price for transactions between users and the virtual power plant during time period t. The non-cooperative game model includes: G = (L; S; U) In the formula, L, S, and U represent the participants, strategies, and utility of the game model, respectively; Participants refer to virtual power plant operators and user nodes that submit transaction plans; The strategy includes: the electricity volume traded between the user and the virtual power plant operator during time period t, and the electricity price traded between the virtual power plant operator and the user; Utilities include: user utility and virtual power plant operator utility; The user's utility function is as follows: U i,t =-C′ i,t The utility function of a virtual power plant operator is as follows: in: This represents the total cost of the virtual power plant during time period t; and These represent the electricity purchase cost and electricity sales cost for users participating in the transaction from the virtual power plant, respectively. This represents the incentive cost for users participating in demand response compensation within a virtual power plant; Representing the cost of trading with the power grid, the utility function of a virtual power plant operator is subject to the following constraints: in: and These represent the electricity sales price and purchase price in the transaction between the virtual power plant and the main power grid, respectively. This represents the user's movable load during time period t; This represents the user's load that can be reduced during time period t, where i represents the user, N represents the number of users participating in virtual power plant transactions, and T represents the total number of time periods during which the user participates in virtual power plant transactions. λ e This represents the purchase price, sales price, and demand response compensation price of electricity traded between users and virtual power plants during time period t. S3. Based on the purchase price, sales price and demand response compensation price of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant during time period t, with the goal of minimizing the user's cost, optimize the user's renewable energy output and demand response, determine the amount of electricity purchased or sold by the user and the virtual power plant, as well as the charging or discharging amount of the energy storage device, and form the user's final transaction plan. S4. Based on the final transaction plan for time period t, the user node submits the final transaction role and transaction amount for this period to the blockchain's rotating endorsement node. Based on the transaction information submitted by the user, the two parties in the transaction within the virtual power plant are matched and a transaction contract is automatically generated. All rotating endorsement nodes of the blockchain verify the transaction contract. After it passes, it is sent to the sorting node of the blockchain where the transaction entity is located. The sorting node packages all the passed transaction contracts into blocks and updates the blockchains of both parties in the transaction. S5. User nodes conduct transactions based on the transaction contract and record real-time transaction data in the blockchain in the form of blocks. If a user node fails to perform its obligations or breaches its obligations during the transaction process, the power trading system in the virtual power plant will determine that the party at fault will bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract and pay a hefty penalty. If the transaction contract is successfully performed, the power trading system will automatically transfer the transaction fees based on the actual transaction data provided by the smart meter and record the actual transaction data in the blockchain in the form of blocks to complete the power transaction. When a user joins the electricity trading system for the first time, the electricity trading method further includes: S0, assigning the user permission to participate in electricity trading, specifically: Users submit registration applications to the regulatory body of a blockchain-based electricity trading system within a virtual power plant. The electricity trading system then assigns users permissions to participate in electricity trading, including a set of public keys K. p Private key K s and wallet address W.

2. The blockchain-based power trading method in a virtual power plant environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The user's cost function is as follows: Where: C i,t This represents the cost to user i during time period t; This represents the cost of user i's transaction with the virtual power plant during time period t; This represents the energy storage cost for user i during time period t; This represents the cost of renewable energy generation for user i during time period t; This represents the incentive benefit that user i receives for participating in demand response during time period t; This represents the purchased and sold electricity volume of user i during time period t when interacting with the virtual power plant. This represents the charging and discharging amount of the energy storage device for user i during time period t; This represents the final load demand of user i during the time period t; This represents the output data of distributed energy devices for user i during time period t.

3. A blockchain-based power trading system in a virtual power plant environment, characterized in that, include: The initial plan acquisition module is used to optimize the user's cost in electricity trading based on user i's planned load demand in time period t, the output forecast data of distributed energy equipment, the status of energy storage equipment in the previous time period, and the purchase and sale prices of electricity with the virtual power plant in the previous trading period. The goal is to minimize the user's planned electricity cost in time period t. It determines the planned purchase or sale volume of electricity between the user and the virtual power plant operator, as well as the planned charging or discharging volume of energy storage equipment, thus obtaining the initial trading plan for user i in time period t. The function of user i's planned electricity cost is: Where: C′ i,t This represents the planned cost for user i during time period t; This represents the planned cost of user i's transaction with the virtual power plant during time period t; This represents the planned energy storage cost for user i during time period t; This represents the planned renewable energy generation cost for user i during time period t. This represents the unit cost of energy storage for user i; These represent the planned energy storage status of user i during time period t; η represents the unit cost of power output by user i's own distributed devices; ch and η dis These represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of energy storage, respectively. E′ represents the upper limit of the energy storage device for user i. i,t E represents the planned energy storage capacity of user i during time period t; i,t-Δt This represents the energy storage capacity of user i in the previous time period; and These represent the upper limits of charging and discharging of the energy storage device during time period t; and These represent the 0-1 variables representing the state of the energy storage device at time t; This represents the maximum power generation of distributed devices for user i during time period t; This represents the planned load demand of user i during time period t; This represents the predicted output data of distributed energy devices for user i during time period t; This indicates the purchase price and sales price of electricity between users and virtual power plants in the previous trading session; This represents the planned purchase and sale of electricity between user i and the virtual power plant operator during time period t; This represents the planned charging and discharging amount of the energy storage device for user i during time period t; The game theory module is used to construct a non-cooperative game model between multiple users and the virtual power plant based on the initial trading plans of users in the virtual power plant, and to determine the purchase price, sales price, and demand response compensation price for transactions between users and the virtual power plant in time period t. The non-cooperative game model includes: G = (L; S; U) In the formula, L, S, and U represent the participants, strategies, and utility of the game model, respectively; Participants refer to virtual power plant operators and user nodes that submit transaction plans; The strategy includes: the electricity volume traded between the user and the virtual power plant operator during time period t, and the electricity price traded between the virtual power plant operator and the user; Utilities include: user utility and virtual power plant operator utility; The user's utility function is as follows: U i,t =-C′ i,t The utility function of a virtual power plant operator is as follows: in: This represents the total cost of the virtual power plant during time period t; and These represent the electricity purchase cost and electricity sales cost for users participating in the transaction from the virtual power plant, respectively. This represents the incentive cost for users participating in demand response compensation within a virtual power plant; Representing the cost of trading with the power grid, the utility function of a virtual power plant operator is subject to the following constraints: in: and These represent the electricity sales price and purchase price in the transaction between the virtual power plant and the main power grid, respectively. This represents the user's movable load during time period t; This represents the user's load that can be reduced during time period t, where i represents the user, N represents the number of users participating in virtual power plant transactions, and T represents the total number of time periods during which the user participates in virtual power plant transactions. λ e This represents the purchase price, sales price, and demand response compensation price of electricity traded between users and virtual power plants during time period t. The final solution acquisition module is used to optimize the user's renewable energy output and demand response based on the purchase price, sales price and demand response compensation price of the transaction between the user and the virtual power plant in time period t, with the goal of minimizing the user's cost. It determines the amount of electricity purchased or sold by the user and the virtual power plant, as well as the charging or discharging amount of the energy storage device, and forms the user's final transaction solution. The matching module is used for the final transaction plan based on the time period t. User nodes submit the final transaction roles and transaction amounts for the current time period to the blockchain's rotating endorsement nodes. Based on the transaction information submitted by the user, the module matches the two parties in the virtual power plant transaction and automatically generates a transaction contract. All rotating endorsement nodes of the blockchain verify the transaction contract. Once verified, the contract is sent to the sorting node of the blockchain where the transaction entity is located. The sorting node packages all the verified transaction contracts into blocks and updates the blockchains of both parties in the transaction. The recording module is used to record real-time transaction data of user nodes when they conduct transactions based on the transaction contract via the blockchain; it is also used to perform the following processes: determining whether the user node has failed to perform or has breached the contract during the transaction process; if the above situations exist, the power trading system in the virtual power plant determines that the party at fault will bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract and pay a high penalty; if the transaction contract is successfully performed, the power trading system automatically transfers the transaction fees based on the actual transaction data information provided by the smart meter, and records the actual transaction data in the form of blocks in the blockchain to complete the power transaction; The power trading system also includes a licensing module, used to assign permission to users joining the power trading system for the first time to participate in power trading, specifically: Users submit registration applications to the regulatory body of a blockchain-based electricity trading system within a virtual power plant. The electricity trading system then assigns users permissions to participate in electricity trading, including a set of public keys K. p Private key K s and wallet address W.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program for a blockchain-based power trading system in a virtual power plant environment, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the blockchain-based power trading method in a virtual power plant environment as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Memory; as well as One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the programs including methods for performing blockchain-based power trading in a virtual power plant environment as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

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