A new type of square fractal patch antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel square fractal patch antenna, comprising a novel square fractal patch antenna, a substrate, a feeder and a floor. The novel square fractal patch antenna is a fractal shape based on fractal geometry theory. An ideal first-order fractal digs a fractal regular polygon hole at the center of a basic regular polygon with n sides, the vertices of the hole coincide with the midpoints of the sides of the basic regular polygon, and the fractal iteration factor is cos(π / n), where n is a natural number greater than 2. A second-order fractal fills a regular polygon entity at the center of the sides of the basic regular polygon on the basis of the first-order fractal, and its vertices coincide with the midpoints of the sides of the first-order regular polygon. In practical applications, the ideal regular polygon fractal holes or fractal entities of various orders are enlarged or reduced with their centers as base points, and the holes or filled entities of various orders of fractals can be rotated by an angle β with their geometric centers as rotation centers. A coplanar coupling feeding mode is adopted, and the feeder is formed by connecting a straight line + a regular polygonal ring microstrip line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a patch antenna, in particular to a novel square fractal patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] Patch antennas are widely used in the communication field. They are small-profile, conformal antennas. However, for radio frequency bands below the low frequency band, such as the L band, the planar size is relatively large, and it is often desired to be more miniaturized.

[0003] There are ways to miniaturize square patch antennas using fractal methods, but fractal methods can be more diverse. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a novel square fractal patch antenna to solve the problem of miniaturization of existing square patch antennas.

[0005] To this end, the present invention proposes a novel square fractal patch antenna, which comprises a novel square fractal patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3), a floor (4), etc.

[0006] The present invention discloses a novel square fractal patch antenna, wherein the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) is based on the theory of fractal geometry, and digs a fractal regular polygon hole in the center of a complete basic regular polygon with a reference side length of L, and fills in a fractal regular polygon entity alternately, the number of polygon sides is n, the fractal iteration factor is cos(π / n), n is a natural number greater than 2, in the present invention, n is 4, L is 30 mm, and the iteration factor is cos(π / 4)=1 / sqrt(2); the ideal first-order fractal digs a hole with a side number of n and a side length of L in the center of the basic regular polygon 01 =L×cos(π / n), one vertex of the regular polygon of the first-order fractal regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of one side of the basic regular polygon with a side length of L, and the remaining vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the basic regular polygon. The angle between a side connecting this point of the first-order regular polygon hole and the side of the basic regular polygon passing through this point is α, α=180° / n, and α=45° in the embodiment of the present invention; the ideal second-order fractal is based on the ideal first-order, and the angle between ... 01 The center of the first-order regular polygon hole is filled with a hole with n sides and a side length of L. 02 =L 01 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon entity, one vertex and side length of this second-order fractal regular polygon entity is L 01The midpoint of one side of the first-order regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of the other vertices of the first-order regular polygon. The angle between one side of the second-order regular polygon entity connecting this point and the side of the first-order regular polygon hole passing through this point is α, α = 180° / n, and α = 45° in the embodiment of the present invention. The ideal third-order fractal is based on the ideal second-order, with a side length of L 02 Dig a hole with n sides and length L in the center of the second-order regular polygon solid 03 =L 02 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon hole, the vertex and side length of this third-order fractal regular polygon hole are L 02 The midpoint of one side of the second-order regular polygon entity coincides with the midpoint of the corresponding side of the second-order regular polygon, and the remaining vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the second-order regular polygon. The angle between one side of the third-order regular polygon hole connecting this point and the side of the second-order regular polygon entity passing through this point is α, α=180° / n, and α=45° in the example of the present invention; and so on, on the basis of the previous order fractal, holes are dug or solid fractals are filled alternately at the center of the patch antenna, and there may be fourth-order, fifth-order...; on this basis, the holes or filled entities of each order fractal can be rotated by an angle β with its geometric center as the rotation center, and the value range of β is [0°,360°], and β=0° in the example of the present invention; in practical applications, the center of the ideal first-order regular polygon fractal hole is taken as the base point Enlarge or reduce by δ1 times, intersect and cut and break, so that the basic regular polygon and the first-order fractal regular polygon are locally and globally self-similar; on the basis of the first-order fractal, in actual application, the ideal second-order regular polygon fractal entity is enlarged or reduced by δ2 times with its center as the base point, and filled, so that the second-order fractal regular polygon and the first-order regular polygon and the basic regular polygon are locally and globally self-similar; and so on, there can be third-order, fourth-order...; in the example of the present invention, δ1≈0.9796mm (reduced), the side length of the first-order fractal hole L1=20.78mm, δ2≈0.9855mm (reduced), the side length of the second-order fractal entity L2=14.48mm, the thickness of the new square fractal patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm, and the material is gold.

[0007] The present invention discloses a novel square fractal patch antenna, wherein the substrate (2) of the present invention is a square silicon dioxide with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) is located at the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2) and one side is parallel to the side line of the substrate (2).

[0008] The present invention discloses a novel square fractal patch antenna, wherein the feed line (3) is located in the middle of a first-order fractal regular polygon hole of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of a substrate (2), and is coplanar with the novel square fractal patch antenna (1). A coplanar coupling feeding method is adopted, and the feed line (3) is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a regular polygonal ring microstrip line. The center line of the straight microstrip line is aligned with the center of the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and is perpendicular to the side parallel to the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and the side line of the substrate (2) and passes through the midpoint. The geometric center of the regular polygonal ring microstrip line coincides with the center of the corresponding first-order fractal regular polygon hole. The outer side line of the regular polygonal ring microstrip line and the opposite side of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) are aligned. The first-order fractal regular polygonal hole has parallel side lines and equidistant gaps, and the line widths of the straight-line microstrip line and the regular polygonal ring-segment microstrip line are equal. In actual applications, when the first-order regular polygonal hole is reduced by δ1 times, equidistant gaps are opened on both sides of the straight-line microstrip line and are the same as the equidistant gaps of the regular polygonal ring-segment microstrip line and the first-order fractal regular polygonal hole and are connected. The microstrip line width and the gap gap are calculated through simulation. The feed line (3) of the present invention example has a thickness of 0.01 mm, a line width W1 of the patch antenna feed line (3) of 0.06 mm in the first-order fractal, and a gap gap of gap1 of 0.04 mm in the first-order fractal. The line width W2 of the patch antenna feed line (3) of 0.06 mm in the second-order fractal, and a gap gap of gap2 of 0.03 mm in the second-order fractal. The feed line (3) is made of gold.

[0009] The present invention provides a novel square fractal patch antenna, wherein the floor (4) of the present invention is a square with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 0.01 mm, and is located on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).

[0010] A novel square fractal patch antenna of the present invention is compared with a basic square patch antenna made of gold, with a side length of L=30mm and a thickness of 0.01mm. The basic square patch antenna adopts the same silicon dioxide substrate with a side length of 55mm and a thickness of 1.5mm. The floor is gold with a side length of 55mm and a thickness of 0.01mm. The basic square patch antenna is located at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and one side is parallel to the side line of the substrate. The floor is located on the lower surface of the substrate and is aligned with the substrate. The feeding method is conventional microstrip line coplanar contact feeding. The feed line is located on the upper surface of the substrate and is coplanar with the patch antenna. The end of the microstrip line is perpendicular to the side of the basic square patch antenna parallel to the side line of the substrate and is connected to the midpoint. The feed line thickness of the present invention example is 0.01mm, and the line width is 0.07mm after simulation calculation.

[0011] The present invention discloses a novel square fractal patch antenna. In an actual application example of the present invention, a first-order novel square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61 GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -32.604485 db; a second-order novel square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61 GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -22.946135 db; compared with a basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, it is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.43 GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -12.399686 db; the first-order novel square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to a basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, and the second-order novel square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to a basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of a novel square fractal patch antenna shape for the second-order practical application of the specific implementation scheme of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of a novel square fractal patch antenna shape for the first-order practical application of the specific implementation scheme of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the ideal first-order and second-order fractal shapes of a novel square fractal patch antenna according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 : Specific implementation scheme of the present invention second-order practical application of a new type of square fractal patch antenna three-dimensional model in HFSS simulation software and S11 parameter simulation result schematic diagram;

[0016] Figure 5 : The first-order practical application of the specific implementation scheme of the present invention is a three-dimensional model of a novel square fractal patch antenna in HFSS simulation software and a schematic diagram of S11 parameter simulation results;

[0017] Figure 6 : Specific implementation scheme of the present invention This comparison reference is a three-dimensional model of a complete basic square patch antenna with a side length of L in HFSS simulation software and a schematic diagram of S11 parameter simulation results;

[0018] Figure 7 : Specific implementation scheme of the present invention first-order practical application of a novel square fractal patch antenna in HFSS simulation software with 1.61GHZ as the center frequency 1-12GHZ scanning simulation S11 parameter simulation result schematic diagram;

[0019] Figure 8 : Specific implementation scheme of the present invention second-order practical application of a new type of square fractal patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software with 1.61GHZ as the center frequency 1-12GHZ scanning simulation S11 parameter simulation results schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown: a novel square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) is based on the fractal geometry theory, digging a fractal regular polygon hole in the center of a complete basic regular polygon with a reference side length of L, and filling the fractal regular polygon entity alternately, the number of polygon sides is n, the fractal iteration factor is cos(π / n), n is a natural number greater than 2, in the example of the present invention, n is 4, L is 30mm, and the iteration factor is cos(π / 4)=1 / sqrt(2); the ideal first-order fractal digs a hole with a side number of n and a side length of L in the center of the basic regular polygon 01 =L×cos(π / n), one vertex of the regular polygon of the first-order fractal regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of one side of the basic regular polygon with a side length of L, and the remaining vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the basic regular polygon. The angle between a side connecting this point of the first-order regular polygon hole and the side of the basic regular polygon passing through this point is α, α=180° / n, and α=45° in the embodiment of the present invention; the ideal second-order fractal is based on the ideal first-order, and the angle between ... 01 The center of the first-order regular polygon hole is filled with a hole with n sides and a side length of L. 02 =L 01 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon entity, one vertex and side length of this second-order fractal regular polygon entity is L 01 The midpoint of one side of the first-order regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of the other vertices of the first-order regular polygon. The angle between one side of the second-order regular polygon entity connecting this point and the side of the first-order regular polygon hole passing through this point is α, α = 180° / n, and α = 45° in the embodiment of the present invention. The ideal third-order fractal is based on the ideal second-order, with a side length of L 02 Dig a hole with n sides and length L in the center of the second-order regular polygon solid 03 =L 02 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon hole, the vertex and side length of this third-order fractal regular polygon hole are L 02The midpoint of one side of the second-order regular polygon entity coincides with the midpoint of the corresponding side of the second-order regular polygon, and the remaining vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the second-order regular polygon. The angle between one side of the third-order regular polygon hole connecting this point and the side of the second-order regular polygon entity passing through this point is α, α=180° / n, and α=45° in the example of the present invention; and so on, on the basis of the previous order fractal, holes are dug or solid fractals are filled alternately at the center of the patch antenna, and there may be fourth-order, fifth-order...; on this basis, the holes or filled entities of each order fractal can be rotated by an angle β with its geometric center as the rotation center, and the value range of β is [0°,360°], and β=0° in the example of the present invention; in practical applications, the center of the ideal first-order regular polygon fractal hole is taken as the base point Enlarge or reduce by δ1 times, intersect and cut and break, so that the basic regular polygon and the first-order fractal regular polygon are locally and globally self-similar; on the basis of the first-order fractal, in actual application, the ideal second-order regular polygon fractal entity is enlarged or reduced by δ2 times with its center as the base point, and filled, so that the second-order fractal regular polygon and the first-order regular polygon and the basic regular polygon are locally and globally self-similar; and so on, there can be third-order, fourth-order...; in the example of the present invention, δ1≈0.9796mm (reduced), the side length of the first-order fractal hole L1=20.78mm, δ2≈0.9855mm (reduced), the side length of the second-order fractal entity L2=14.48mm, the thickness of the new square fractal patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm, and the material is gold.

[0021] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown: a new type of square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the substrate (2) of the present invention is a square with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm of silicon dioxide, and the new type of square fractal patch antenna (1) is located at the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2) and one side is parallel to the side line of the substrate (2).

[0022] like Figure 1 — Figure 5As shown: a novel square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the feed line (3) is located in the middle of the first-order fractal regular polygon hole of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the substrate (2), and is coplanar with the novel square fractal patch antenna (1), and adopts a coplanar coupling feeding method. The feed line (3) is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a regular polygonal ring microstrip line. The center line of the straight microstrip line is aligned with the center of the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and is perpendicular to the side parallel to the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and passes through the midpoint. The geometric center of the regular polygonal ring microstrip line coincides with the center of the corresponding first-order fractal regular polygon hole. The outer side line of the regular polygonal ring microstrip line coincides with the center of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1). The corresponding first-order fractal regular polygonal hole has parallel side lines and equidistant gaps, and the line widths of the straight-line microstrip line and the regular polygonal ring-segment microstrip line are equal. In actual applications, when the first-order regular polygonal hole is reduced by δ1 times, equidistant gaps are opened on both sides of the straight-line microstrip line and are the same as the equidistant gaps of the regular polygonal ring-segment microstrip line and the first-order fractal regular polygonal hole and are connected. The microstrip line width and the gap gap are calculated through simulation. The feed line (3) of the embodiment of the present invention has a thickness of 0.01 mm, a line width W1 of the patch antenna feed line (3) of 0.06 mm in the first-order fractal, and a gap gap of gap1 of 0.04 mm in the first-order fractal. The line width W2 of the patch antenna feed line (3) of 0.06 mm in the second-order fractal, and a gap gap of gap2 of 0.03 mm in the second-order fractal. The feed line (3) is made of gold.

[0023] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown: a novel square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the floor (4) of the present invention is a square with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 0.01 mm, located on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).

[0024] like Figure 8 As shown: a new type of square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, its comparative reference is made of gold, with a side length of L=30mm and a thickness of 0.01mm. The complete basic square patch antenna adopts the same silicon dioxide substrate with a side length of 55mm and a thickness of 1.5mm. The floor is gold with a side length of 55mm and a thickness of 0.01mm. The basic square patch antenna is located at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and one side is parallel to the side line of the substrate. The floor is located on the lower surface of the substrate and is aligned with the substrate; the feeding method is conventional microstrip line coplanar contact feeding, the feed line is located on the upper surface of the substrate and coplanar with the patch antenna, the end of the microstrip line is perpendicular to the side of the basic square patch antenna parallel to the side line of the substrate and is connected to the midpoint, the feed line thickness of the example of the present invention is 0.01mm, and the line width is 0.07mm after simulation calculation.

[0025] like Figure 6-Figure 8 As shown: a novel square fractal patch antenna of the present invention, an actual application example of the present invention, a first-order novel square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -32.604485db; a second-order novel square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -22.946135db; compared with the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, it is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.43GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -12.399686db; the first-order novel square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, and the second-order novel square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L.

[0026] The processing accuracy can be improved by using the MEMS micro-electromechanical system processing method.

Claims

1. A novel square fractal patch antenna, comprising a novel square fractal patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3), and a floor (4), characterized in that: a. The novel square fractal patch antenna (1) is based on the theory of fractal geometry. The fractal regular polygon hole is dug at the center of a complete basic regular polygon with a side length of L, and the fractal regular polygon entity is filled alternately. The number of polygon sides is n, and the fractal iteration factor is cos(π / n), where n is a natural number greater than 2. The ideal first-order fractal digs a hole with a side number of n and a side length of L at the center of the basic regular polygon. 01 =L×cos(π / n). One vertex of the regular polygon of this first-order fractal regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of one side of the basic regular polygon with a side length of L. The other vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the basic regular polygon. The angle between one side of the first-order regular polygon hole connecting this point and the side of the basic regular polygon passing through this point is α, α=180° / n. The ideal second-order fractal is based on the ideal first-order, with a side length of L. 01 The center of the first-order regular polygon hole is filled with a polygon with n sides and a side length of L. 02 =L 01 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon entity, one vertex and side length of this second-order fractal regular polygon entity is L 01 The midpoint of one side of the first-order regular polygon hole coincides with the midpoint of the corresponding side of the first-order regular polygon, and the remaining vertices coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the first-order regular polygon. The angle between the side of the second-order regular polygon entity connecting this point and the side of the first-order regular polygon hole passing through this point is α, α = 180° / n. The ideal third-order fractal is based on the ideal second-order, with a side length of L 02 Dig a hole with n sides and length L in the center of the second-order regular polygon solid 03 =L 02 ×cos(π / n) regular polygon hole, the vertex and side length of this third-order fractal regular polygon hole are L 02 The midpoint of one side of the second-order regular polygon entity coincides with the midpoint of the corresponding side of the second-order regular polygon, and the remaining vertices also coincide with the midpoints of the corresponding sides of the second-order regular polygon. The angle between one side of the third-order regular polygon hole connecting this point and the side of the second-order regular polygon entity passing through this point is α, α=180° / n, and so on. On the basis of the previous order fractal, holes are dug or filled in the center of the patch antenna alternately, and there can be fourth-order, fifth-order..., on this basis, the holes or filled entities of each order fractal can be rotated by an angle β with its geometric center as the rotation center, and the value range of β is [0°,360°]; b. In practical applications, the center of the ideal first-order regular polygon fractal hole is enlarged or reduced by δ1 times, and the intersection is cut and broken, so that the basic regular polygon and the first-order fractal regular polygon are partially and overall self-similar; on the basis of the first-order fractal, the center of the ideal second-order regular polygon fractal entity is enlarged or reduced by δ2 times, and filled, so that the second-order fractal regular polygon and the first-order regular polygon and the basic regular polygon are partially and overall self-similar, and so on, there can be third-order, fourth-order...; c. The feed line (3) is located in the middle of the first-order fractal regular polygon hole of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the substrate (2), and is coplanar with the novel square fractal patch antenna (1). A coplanar coupling feeding method is adopted. The feed line (3) is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a regular polygonal ring microstrip line. The center line of the straight microstrip line is aligned with the center of the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and is perpendicular to the side parallel to the basic regular polygon of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and passes through it. point, the geometric center of the regular polygonal ring segment microstrip line coincides with the center of the corresponding first-order fractal regular polygonal hole, the outer side line of the regular polygonal ring segment microstrip line is parallel to the side line of the corresponding first-order fractal regular polygonal hole of the novel square fractal patch antenna (1) and has an equidistant gap, the line width of the straight segment microstrip line and the regular polygonal ring segment microstrip line are equal, and in actual application, when the first-order regular polygonal hole is reduced by δ1 times, equidistant gaps are opened on both sides of the straight segment microstrip line and are the same as the equidistant gaps between the regular polygonal ring segment microstrip line and the first-order fractal regular polygonal hole and are connected.

2. A novel square fractal patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: This antenna has a reduced size effect relative to a basic square patch antenna with a reference side length of L. When the side length L of the basic regular polygon is 30 mm, the number of sides n is 4, the iteration factor cos(π / n) is cos(π / 4)=1 / sqrt(2), α=45°, β=0°, the substrate (2) is a square of silicon dioxide with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm, the thickness of the new square fractal patch antenna (1), the feeder (3), and the floor (4) are all 0 .01mm, and the materials are all gold. In practical applications, the line width of the first-order fractal feed line (3) is 0.06mm, the gap gap in the first-order fractal is gap1=0.04mm, δ1≈0.9796mm (reduced), and the side length of the first-order fractal hole is L1=20.78mm. In practical applications, the line width of the second-order fractal feed line (3) is 0.06mm, and the gap gap in the second-order fractal is gap2=0.03mm, δ1≈0.9796mm (reduced), δ2≈ 0.9855mm (reduced), the side length of the second-order fractal entity is L2=14.48mm, the first-order new square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -32.604485db, the second-order new square fractal patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.61GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -22.946135db, compared with the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, it is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.43GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -12.399686db. The first-order new square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L, and the second-order new square fractal patch antenna is equivalent to a 33.7% size reduction relative to the basic square patch antenna with a complete side length of L.

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