Light garbage deep separation device and separation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a light garbage deep separation device and separation method, which has a garbage feeding and discharging system, a garbage conveying system and a cleaning and screening system. Among them, the garbage feeding and discharging system includes a feed conveyor belt and a discharge conveyor belt arranged at intervals; the cleaning and screening system includes a cleaning bin, which stores water, and the feed port and the discharge port correspond to the feed conveyor belt and the discharge conveyor belt respectively. The feed area is provided with an ultrasonic transducer, and the discharge area is provided with a water inlet. A longitudinally closed screen partition is provided in the middle of the cleaning bin, and the bottom is inclined upward from the feed area to the discharge area and is provided with a drain outlet; the garbage conveying system includes a conveyor belt and a transmission assembly that are also inclined and have vertical screen partitions. The present invention uses ultrasonic waves and counter-flow water flow to clean the garbage screen material, which can effectively separate the soil components in the garbage screen material, reduce the disposal amount of the screen material, increase the incineration calorific value of the screen material, and reduce energy loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of stale garbage screening and processing, and specifically relates to a light garbage deep separation device and method, and more specifically relates to a light garbage deep separation device and method for screening light garbage containing plastic, fabric and about 10% humus soil. Background Art

[0002] Waste-to-energy incineration offers the advantages of rapid processing, waste reduction, effective efficiency, pollution control, and high energy efficiency. In recent years, waste-to-energy incineration has gradually replaced landfill and composting as a viable alternative. Currently, cities have a large amount of stale waste. The oversize fraction of this waste primarily consists of lightweight materials such as plastics and fabrics. However, existing screening technologies often produce oversize that adheres to soil particles, hindering its transport and disposal.

[0003] Typically, waste is sorted before incineration to separate flammable light waste, such as plastics and fabrics, for incineration to generate power and increase its specific calorific value. However, existing waste screening equipment struggles to effectively separate soil from the light waste on the screen, leaving approximately 10% of the waste as humus. This increases processing costs and reduces the efficiency of waste-to-energy incineration. Therefore, a low-cost, highly efficient, and easy-to-use device is urgently needed to deeply separate the soil components from light waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the above technical issues and, taking into account the fact that light waste contains a small amount of humus, provides a light waste deep separation device and separation method to further separate light materials such as plastics and cloth from the humus in the light waste. To achieve this purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a light garbage deep separation device comprising: a garbage feeding and discharging system, a garbage conveying system, and a cleaning and screening system.

[0006] Among them, the garbage feeding and discharging system includes a feed conveyor belt and a discharge conveyor belt arranged at intervals; the cleaning and screening system includes a cleaning bin, in which water is stored, and the feed port and the discharge port correspond to the feed conveyor belt and the discharge conveyor belt respectively, the feed area is provided with an ultrasonic transducer, and the discharge area is provided with a water inlet; a longitudinally closed screen partition is provided in the middle of the cleaning bin, and the bottom is inclined upward from the feed area to the discharge area and is provided with a drainage outlet; the garbage conveying system includes a conveyor belt and a transmission assembly that are also inclined and have vertical screen partitions.

[0007] The light waste described in this invention refers to the oversize waste obtained after sequential screening through a primary drum screen, a secondary drum screen, a magnetic separator, and an air separator. The waste has a particle size range of 20 to 200 mm and primarily consists of light materials such as plastics and cloth, with approximately 10% adhering humus. This invention separates the light materials from the adhering humus through water washing, thereby increasing the calorific value of incineration.

[0008] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: it also includes a control system, which includes at least a control interface and a control circuit, and performs parameter setting and operation adjustment on the garbage feeding and discharging system, the garbage conveying system, and the cleaning and screening system.

[0009] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: the shell size of the cleaning chamber is 0.6-1.6m wide, 4.5-9.0m long, and 1.5-4.0m high, preferably 0.8-1.2m wide, 5.0-6.5m long, and 1.5-2.5m high. In actual use, it can be adjusted according to the amount of soil adhesion of the garbage screen to extend the cleaning time; there are multiple groups of ultrasonic transducers, and the number of groups is adjusted according to the actual processing volume, with a frequency of 35-55KHz and an area of about 2m 2 In actual use, it can be adjusted according to the amount of soil adhesion of the garbage screen; the sieve holes of the middle screen partition are square with a side length of 0.5 to 5 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: the cleaning chamber is hollow on both sides, with a wall thickness of 8 to 12 cm; the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in the hollow shell wall in the feed inlet area, with a frequency of 20 to 70 KHz and an area of 1 to 5 m 2 .

[0011] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: the water inlet of the cleaning bin is arranged on the side wall of the discharge area, and the drain outlet is arranged at the bottom of the feed area for hydraulic circulation, and the water flow direction is counteracted with the garbage conveying direction.

[0012] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: the conveyor belt with the vertical screen partition is 5 to 7 meters long, 0.8 to 1.0 meters wide, 1.0 meters thick, and has an inclination of 8 to 10 degrees. The size of the vertical screen partition is 20 to 60 cm long and 50 to 70 cm wide. The sieve hole is square with a side length of 0.5 to 5 cm, and the material is 304 stainless steel.

[0013] Preferably, the light garbage deep separation device provided by the present invention also has the following technical features: the transmission assembly includes two rotating shafts, a rotating chain and a drive motor, and the two rotating shafts and the rotating shaft and the drive motor are connected by a rotating chain.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for deep separation of light garbage, comprising the following steps: a conveyor belt with a vertical screen partition rotates driven by a transmission assembly, and the light garbage enters the cleaning bin from the feed port through the feed conveyor belt, and under the thrust of the vertical screen partition, gradually passes through the ultrasonic cleaning area and the counter-flow water flow area, and undergoes ultrasonic separation and convection flushing to enhance the separation of light matter and muddy water. The light matter that has undergone deep separation is transported out from the discharge port through the discharge conveyor belt, and the cleaning wastewater is discharged into the water treatment system through the drain outlet.

[0015] Preferably, the conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions rotates at a speed of 0.2 to 0.5 m / s, the hydraulic flow rate of the flushing water flow area is 10 to 40 L / s, and the residence time of light garbage in the cleaning bin is 20 to 40 s, which can be adjusted according to the actual processing volume.

[0016] During the cleaning process, the conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions, the cleaning bin shell and the longitudinally closed screen partitions form a closed area. As the conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions continues to move forward, it also carries the light garbage forward.

[0017] Beneficial protection and effects of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention utilizes ultrasonic waves and counter-flow water flow to clean light garbage, which can effectively separate soil components in the light garbage, reduce the disposal amount of light garbage, and increase its incineration calorific value.

[0019] Structurally, the cleaning and screening system features a water storage tank, an ultrasonic transducer in the feed area, and a water inlet in the discharge area. A longitudinally enclosed screen partition is installed in the center of the cleaning tank, and the bottom slopes upward from the feed area to the discharge area and is equipped with a drain outlet. A garbage conveying system is installed above the cleaning and screening system, including a similarly inclined conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions and a transmission assembly. The ultrasonic transducer disperses light materials and adhering humus through ultrasonic vibrations. Driven by the transmission assembly, the conveyor belt rotates counterclockwise, and the counterclockwise circulation of the vertical screen partition separates the ultrasonically separated soil components from the garbage screen material through the movement of water and inertia, forming a continuous separation system.

[0020] In addition, the present invention can set up corresponding water treatment facilities according to water quality and water quantity to form a closed circulation system. At the same time, when the fixed partitions of the water inlet and outlet of the cleaning shell are blocked, the function can be inverted to perform backwashing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the light garbage deep separation device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the light waste deep separation device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the light garbage deep separation device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example

[0026] according to Figures 1 to 3 The light garbage deep separation device 100 has a garbage feeding and discharging system 1, a garbage conveying system 2, a cleaning and screening system 3 and a control system 4.

[0027] The garbage loading and unloading system 1 includes an in-feed conveyor belt 11 and an out-feed conveyor belt 12 arranged at intervals; the garbage conveying system 2 and the cleaning and screening system 3 are arranged between the in-feed conveyor belt 11 and the out-feed conveyor belt 12; the control system 4 includes at least a control interface and a control circuit, which performs parameter setting and operation adjustment on the garbage loading and unloading system 1, the garbage conveying system 2 and the cleaning and screening system 3.

[0028] The garbage conveying system 2 comprises a conveyor belt 21 with vertical screen partitions, two rotating shafts 22, a rotating chain 23, and a drive motor 24. The conveyor belt 21 is 5-7 meters long, 0.8-1.0 meters wide, and 1.0 meters thick. It slopes upward from the feed to the discharge at an angle of 8-10 degrees. The vertical screen partitions 21 are 20-60 cm long and 50-70 cm wide, with square mesh openings of 0.5-5 cm on each side, and are made of 304 stainless steel. The two rotating shafts 22 and the drive motor 24 are connected by rotating chains 23.

[0029] The cleaning and screening system 3 includes a cleaning chamber 31, which stores water and is supported by a top plate 33 supported by supports 32. The feed and discharge ports correspond to the feed and discharge conveyor belts 11 and 12, respectively. An ultrasonic transducer 34 is installed in the feed area of the cleaning chamber, a water inlet 35 is located on the sidewall of the discharge area, and a longitudinally enclosed screen partition 36 is located in the middle. The bottom of the housing slopes upward from the feed area to the discharge area and is equipped with a drain outlet 37, forming an ultrasonic cleaning zone and a water flow counterflow zone within the cleaning chamber.

[0030] The shell size of the cleaning chamber is 0.6-1.6m wide, 4.5-9.0m long, and 1.5-4.0m high, preferably 0.8-1.2m wide, 5.0-6.5m long, and 1.5-2.5m high. In actual use, the size can be adjusted according to the amount of soil adhesion on the garbage screen to extend the cleaning time. The ultrasonic transducers 34 are multiple groups, and the number of groups is adjusted according to the actual processing volume. The frequency is 35-55KHz and the area is about 2m 2 In actual use, it can be adjusted according to the amount of soil adhesion of the garbage screen; the sieve holes of the middle screen partition are square with a side length of 0.5 to 5 cm.

[0031] The light waste described in this embodiment refers to the oversize waste obtained after sequential screening through a primary drum screen, a secondary drum screen, a magnetic separator, and an air separator. The waste particle size ranges from 20 to 200 mm and primarily consists of light materials such as plastics and cloth, with approximately 10% adhering humus. In this embodiment, water washing is used to separate the light materials from the adhering humus, thereby increasing the calorific value of incineration.

[0032] Light waste with soil components adhered to it is transported to the cleaning chamber 31 via the feed conveyor 11. As the two rotating shafts 22 rotate, the conveyor 21 with vertical screen partitions 21 rapidly presses the waste into the water in the cleaning chamber 31, where it mixes with the water and undergoes ultrasonic separation under the action of the ultrasonic transducer 34. Simultaneously, the conveyor 21 with vertical screen partitions, the cleaning chamber 31, and the sealed screen partitions 36 within the cleaning chamber 31 form a closed area. As the conveyor 21 with vertical screen partitions continues forward, it also carries the light waste forward.

[0033] During operation, water continuously enters the water inlet 35 on the right side of the cleaning chamber 31, forming a counter-flow zone with the drainage holes 37 at the bottom of the cleaning chamber 31. This counter-flow zone flushes the light waste that has escaped the ultrasonic cleaning zone, enhancing the separation of the oversize material from the muddy water. As the conveyor belt 21 with vertical screen partitions continues to advance, the light waste passes through the ultrasonic cleaning zone and the counter-flow zone one by one, achieving a deep separation of the oversize material.

[0034] Finally, under the action of gravity, the oversize material after deep separation is transported out by the discharge conveyor 12, and the cleaning wastewater is discharged from the drain hole 37 at the bottom of the cleaning shell and enters the water treatment system for treatment. This water treatment system includes a regulating tank, a sedimentation tank, and a filter press. The treated clean water is reused as the inlet water of the ultrasonic deep separation system, forming a circulation system with the ultrasonic deep separation device.

[0035] Specific application examples

[0036] Taking a waste screening project in Shanghai as an example, the deep separation device of the present invention was used to perform deep separation of light waste. The waste targeted by this waste screening project primarily consisted of construction waste, domestic waste, plant roots, and humus. After screening, the light waste contained approximately 10% soil components. The overall processing process is as follows:

[0037] 1. Front-end screening process

[0038] The front-end screening and processing technology of this project includes: primary drum screening, secondary drum screening, magnetic separation device screening, and air separation device screening.

[0039] (1) First-stage drum screening

[0040] After the waste enters the primary drum screen from the loading system, it is sorted according to a particle size limit of 200mm. Larger materials, such as construction waste, are transported away by material conveyors and loaders, while those under 200mm enter the secondary drum sorting system. Manual sorting is performed during the conveying process to separate glass, rubber, wood, and other items that are difficult to separate mechanically but have a certain recycling value.

[0041] (2) Secondary drum screening

[0042] After entering the secondary drum screen, it is sorted with 20mm as the limit and divided into two parts: less than 20mm and 20-200mm. Most of the parts below 20mm are humus soil, which is transported out by earth-moving vehicles for disposal, and the remaining part enters the next sorting system.

[0043] (3) Magnetic separation device screening

[0044] After entering the magnetic separation device, the metal substances in the 20-200mm part are screened out by magnetic force for recycling, and the remaining part enters the next sorting system.

[0045] (4) Air separation and screening

[0046] The remaining waste enters the air separation system, where airflow separates light materials like plastics and cloth from heavy materials. The heavy materials are transported for disposal, while the oversize material (light waste) enters the ultrasonic deep separation device for deep separation.

[0047] 2. Deep separation process

[0048] The oversize material from the screening process often contains approximately 10% humus. Therefore, the deep separation device described in Example 1 was added. The oversize material follows the feed conveyor belt into the deep separation device, which includes an ultrasonic cleaning zone and a counter-flushing zone, for deep separation. After ultrasonic cleaning and counter-flushing, it is discharged by a discharge system. After deep separation, the oversize material is drained and compressed by a compression system before being packaged and shipped for incineration and power generation.

[0049] The parameters of the deep separation device used in this project are as follows:

[0050] (1) In the cleaning and screening system, the cleaning chamber shell has a size of 1.0 m wide, 6.3 m long, and 2.0 m high, with a bottom inclination of 5°; a screen partition is provided in the middle, with a sieve hole of approximately 2 cm × 2 cm; the shell is hollow on both sides, with a thickness of approximately 10 cm, and a total of 36 ultrasonic transducers with a frequency of 35 KHz and an area of approximately 2 m are provided in the hollow shell walls on both sides of the feed port area. 2 The water inlet on the right side of the cleaning chamber has a water flow rate of about 20L / s.

[0051] (2) The waste conveying system is approximately 5.6 m long, 0.8 m wide, and 1.0 m high, with an overall inclination of 8°. The conveyor belt speed is approximately 0.3 m / s during operation, with the specific value varying with the amount of soil on the feed screen. The conveyor belt is equipped with vertical screen partitions with approximately 2 cm × 2 cm mesh, a size of approximately 45 cm, and a width of approximately 75 cm. The material is 304 stainless steel.

[0052] 3. Water treatment process

[0053] Taking into account the soil composition of this project, a water treatment process combining a regulating tank, inclined plate sedimentation tank, and plate and frame filter press was used to separate mud and water. The effluent from the inclined plate sedimentation tank was returned to the inlet of the ultrasonic deep separation device, and the mud cake after the plate and frame filter press was transported and disposed of as hazardous waste.

[0054] 4. Application Results

[0055] The soil content of the oversize material after separation by the ultrasonic deep separation device of the present invention is less than 1%, and the separation efficiency is more than 90%. The device occupies an area of about 15m 2 , can meet 200m during operation 3 / h of oversize material processing capacity, and the operating power is about 40kw.

[0056] The examples of the present invention have been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the creative spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A light garbage deep separation device, characterized in that: The system deeply screens light garbage with a particle size range of 20 to 200 mm after the metal materials are removed by the magnetic separation system and the heavy materials are removed by the air separation system, and the mixed soil is screened out. It has: garbage feeding and discharging system, garbage conveying system, cleaning and screening system and control system. The garbage feeding and discharging system includes a feeding conveyor belt and a discharging conveyor belt arranged at intervals. The cleaning and screening system includes a cleaning bin, in which water is stored, and a feed port and a discharge port correspond to the feed conveyor belt and the discharge conveyor belt respectively. The feed area is provided with an ultrasonic transducer, and the discharge area is provided with a water inlet; a longitudinally closed screen partition is provided in the middle of the cleaning bin, and the bottom is inclined upward from the feed area to the discharge area and is provided with a drain port; the water inlet is provided on the side wall of the discharge area, and the drain port is provided at the bottom of the feed area, so as to carry out hydraulic circulation, and the water flow direction is counteracted with the transportation direction of the garbage. The garbage conveying system includes a conveyor belt and a transmission assembly which are also inclined and have vertical screen partitions. The control system at least includes a control interface and a control circuit, which are used to set parameters and adjust the operation of the garbage feeding and discharging system, the garbage conveying system and the cleaning and screening system.

2. The light garbage deep separation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in, The shell size of the cleaning chamber is 0.6-1.6m in width, 4.5-9.0m in length, and 1.5-4.0m in height; The ultrasonic transducers are in multiple groups, and the mesh holes of the middle mesh partition are square with a side length of 0.5 to 5 cm.

3. The light garbage deep separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The two sides of the cleaning chamber are hollow, with a wall thickness of 8 to 12 cm; the ultrasonic transducer is set in the hollow shell wall in the feed inlet area, with a frequency of 20 to 70 KHz and an area of 1 to 5 m 2 .

4. The light waste deep separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The conveyor belt with vertical screen partition is 5 to 7 meters long, 0.8 to 1.0 meters wide, 1.0 meters thick, and has an inclination of 8 to 10 degrees. The size of the vertical screen partition is 20 to 60 cm long and 50 to 70 cm wide. The screen hole is square with a side length of 0.5 to 5 cm. The transmission assembly includes two rotating shafts, a rotating chain and a driving motor. The two rotating shafts and the rotating shaft and the driving motor are connected through the rotating chain.

5. The light garbage deep separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The light garbage contains plastics, fabrics and 10% humus.

6. A method for deep separation of light waste using the light waste deep separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: The conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions rotates driven by the transmission assembly. The light garbage enters the cleaning bin from the feed port through the feed conveyor belt. Under the thrust of the vertical screen partitions, it gradually passes through the ultrasonic cleaning area and the counter-flow area for ultrasonic separation and convection flushing, thereby strengthening the separation of light materials and muddy water. The light materials that have undergone deep separation are transported out from the discharge port through the discharge conveyor belt, and the cleaning wastewater is discharged into the water treatment system through the drain outlet.

7. The method for deep separation of light waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The conveyor belt with vertical screen partition rotates at a speed of 0.2-0.5m / s, the flow rate of the flushing water flow area is 10-40L / s, and the residence time of light garbage in the cleaning chamber is 20-40s. During the cleaning process, the conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions, the cleaning bin shell and the longitudinally closed screen partitions form a closed area. As the conveyor belt with vertical screen partitions continues to move forward, it also carries the light garbage forward.

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