A remote sensing method for volcanic internal conditions based on cosmic rays

Abstract

This application discloses a cosmic ray-based remote sensing method for detecting the internal state of a volcano. The method comprises the following steps: placing at least one muon detector at a preset observation point, collecting muon information at the observation point, repeating the above steps, and then collecting the muon incidence angle and a second muon flux corresponding to the muon incidence angle of the volcano to be measured; calculating the muon attenuation flux; obtaining a volcano density structure table, searching for and obtaining the target density length in the volcano density structure table; analyzing the volcano's topography to obtain volcano contours, where the volcano contours are obtained using the GP map function; calculating the volcano's structural density from the volcano's external dimensions and density length; comparing the volcano's structural density with a preset density threshold, where the preset density threshold is the volcano's theoretical density value; and if the volcano's structural density is not equal to the volcano's theoretical density value, determining that there is a risk in the volcano's geological exploration in the muon incidence direction, thereby enabling monitoring of the volcano's internal state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of detection technology, and in particular to a remote sensing detection method for the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays. Background Art

[0002] Geological exploration is the investigation and research of geological conditions such as rocks, strata, structures, minerals, hydrology, and landforms in a certain area through various means and methods. Commonly used geophysical methods include direct current exploration, alternating current exploration, gravity exploration, and magnetic exploration.

[0003] However, all of the above methods significantly restrict the objects of inspection and have limitations in the resolution of internal conditions and the depth of the surface layers that can be detected. For example, direct current and alternating current exploration are susceptible to interference from low-resistivity mineralized layers and rebar, resulting in inaccurate detection results. In nuclear radiation imaging detection technology, X-ray imaging must be active and require the light particles to have sufficient energy so that the flight distance (the distance they travel through the material before stopping) is longer than or equal to the thickness of the object being inspected. Electron imaging electrons are too light and their trajectories are easily shifted. Proton detection, however, increases the probability of nuclear reactions, so even increasing the proton energy does not increase the flight distance. The range is limited, and high-energy proton sources generally require large particle accelerators, which are technically complex. Therefore, we propose a cosmic-ray-based remote sensing method for volcanic internal conditions that effectively addresses these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a cosmic ray-based remote sensing method for detecting the internal state of a volcano with accurate detection results.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for remote sensing of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Setting at least one muon detector at a preset observation point, wherein the preset observation point is located around a standard volcano;

[0007] S2. Collecting a plurality of muon information at the observation point, wherein the plurality of muon information includes a muon incident angle and a first muon flux corresponding to the muon incident angle;

[0008] S3, repeating steps S1 and S2, and then collecting the muon incidence angle of the volcano to be measured and the second muon flux corresponding to the muon incidence angle;

[0009] S4. Calculate the muon attenuation flux, where the muon attenuation flux is the difference between the first muon flux and the second muon flux at the same muon incident angle;

[0010] S5. Obtain a volcanic density structure table, wherein the table includes a muon zenith angle, a muon flux, and a density length; the sum of the muon zenith angle and the muon incidence angle is 90 degrees; and the density length is a fixed value when the muon zenith angle and the muon flux are known;

[0011] S6. Obtaining a target density length, wherein the target density length is obtained by searching the volcano density structure table;

[0012] S7, obtaining the volcano's external dimensions, wherein the volcano's external dimensions are obtained by using a GPS map function;

[0013] S8. Calculating the volcanic structure density, where the volcanic structure density is calculated based on the volcanic external dimensions and the target density length;

[0014] S9. Compare the volcanic structure density with a preset density threshold. If the volcanic structure density is not equal to the preset density threshold, determine that there is a risk in the volcanic geological exploration in the muon incident direction.

[0015] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, in step S4, the muon attenuation flux is calculated according to the following formula:

[0016] Φ(θ n ,E) 衰减 =|Φ A -Φ B | (1)

[0017] Among them, Φ A is the first muon flux of a standard volcano; Φ B is the first muon flux of the volcano under test at the same muon incidence angle.

[0018] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, in step S5, a volcano density structure table is constructed according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] θ n =90°-θ 入射 (3)

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] Where E is the muon energy; θ n is the nth muon zenith angle; θ 入射is the incident angle of the nth muon; p1, p2, p3, p4 and p5 are all parameters, and the parameter values are: p1 = 0.102573, p2 = -0.068287, p3 = 0.958633, p4 = 0.0407253, p5 = 0.817285; X is the density length; K is the proportional coefficient; z is the charge number of the incident particle; Z and A are the atomic number and mass number of the incident material; me is the electron mass; W max is the maximum energy that can be transferred during a single collision between the incident particle and the incident matter, and δ(βγ) is the density effect correction for the ionization energy loss.

[0024] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, in step S8, the volcanic structure density is calculated according to the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Wherein, L is the external dimension of the volcano; is the density of the volcanic structure.

[0027] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, it is also included to construct volcanic density structure imaging, and the construction of volcanic density structure imaging includes the following steps:

[0028] Obtain the muon incident angle and the corresponding volcanic structure density to obtain the volcanic structure density distribution data;

[0029] Reconstructing the spatial density structure;

[0030] The spatial density structure is subjected to three-dimensional inversion imaging to obtain the volcanic structure density imaging.

[0031] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the following steps are further included between step S1 and step S2:

[0032] Acquiring initial muon information, where the initial muon information is collected by the muon detector;

[0033] Filter the initial muon information to obtain the first muon flux.

[0034] In summary, the present technical solution specifically discloses a cosmic ray-based remote sensing detection method for the internal state of a volcano. The present application utilizes a muon detector to detect and collect muon information from a standard volcano and a volcano to be tested, respectively, for subsequent data processing. The muon flux at each identical muon incidence angle in the collected data is then calculated to obtain the muon attenuation flux at each muon incidence angle. The muon attenuation flux is compared with the muon flux in the volcano density structure table to find the target density length corresponding to the muon flux at the same muon incidence angle. At this point, the density length is calculated with the volcano's external dimension value obtained by the GPS map function to obtain the volcanic structure density at each muon incidence direction. Finally, by comparing the volcanic structure density with a preset density threshold, it is possible to determine whether there is a risk in the volcano's internal structure.

[0035] After collecting data using a muon detector, this application calculates the density length through calculation and table lookup. At this time, the volcanic structure density can be obtained through the relationship between density length and length. The density is then compared with a preset density threshold value, which is obtained based on the theoretical volcanic density value, to conduct a risk assessment. In addition, because the attenuation of muons is positively correlated with the density and length of the material they pass through, the muon attenuation flux can be used to construct a density structure imaging of the volcanic structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a remote sensing detection method for the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays.

[0038] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the muon detector setup for a cosmic ray-based remote sensing method of the internal state of a volcano.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a principle block diagram of a server.

[0040] Numbers in the figure: 501, CPU; 502, ROM; 503, RAM; 504, bus; 505, I / O interface; 506, input part; 507, output part; 508, storage part; 509, communication part; 510, drive; 511, removable media. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining the relevant invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only portions relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0042] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 The flowchart of a method for remote sensing the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays provided by the present application is shown, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Set up at least one muon detector at a preset observation point. The preset observation point is located around a standard volcano. Here, if Figure 2 As shown, the detection process can be a process of implementing multiple, multi-directional cross-measurements, for example, by placing several identical muon detectors around the two volcanoes, or by having a muon detector complete the observation of one position of the volcano and then move to the next position, thereby achieving multiple, multi-directional cross-measurements of the volcano.

[0046] The muon detector is a particle track detector with directional resolution, which means it can record muon signals from different directions. When a particle hits the detector, the detector can fully record the incident direction and number of particles, which can be used to collect the muon information needed later.

[0047] S2. Collecting a plurality of muon information at the observation point, the plurality of muon information including the muon incidence angle and the first muon flux corresponding to the muon incidence angle. The detection device can directly obtain the muon information and process it to obtain the muon incidence angle and the first muon flux corresponding thereto;

[0048] The first muon information is screened through multiple layers of coincidence logic operations and linear fitting. This process can remove signal noise and retain the true muon flux signal, namely the first and second muon fluxes, making the monitoring results more accurate.

[0049] S3, repeating steps S1 and S2, and then collecting the muon incidence angle of the volcano to be measured and the second muon flux corresponding to the muon incidence angle;

[0050] The standard volcano is one without the risk of eruption, while the volcano to be measured is one with the risk of eruption. The second muon flux is also valid data after filtering.

[0051] S4. Calculate the muon attenuation flux, which is the difference between the first muon flux and the second muon flux at the same muon incident angle;

[0052] For a substance with an opacity of X′, only the muon energy is greater than the minimum input value E min Only muons with a specific energy value can penetrate matter and reach the detector to be measured. At the same time, cosmic muons have a continuous energy spectrum. The muon flux after penetrating matter is related to the opacity X′ of the observed object. Therefore, the structure of matter can be evaluated by measuring the attenuation degree of muons.

[0053] S5. Obtain a table of the volcano's density structure, which contains the muon zenith angle, muon flux, and density length. The sum of the muon zenith angle and the muon incidence angle is 90 degrees. The density length is a fixed value when the muon zenith angle and muon flux are known. This involves a density inversion algorithm, which measures the number of muons at each muon incidence angle for the volcano under test and the standard volcano, normalizes them by time, and then obtains the ratio of the number of muons at each muon incidence angle in the two states. The density structure inside the volcano is then derived from the table calculated using the subsequent density inversion algorithm.

[0054] S6. Search the volcanic density structure table and obtain the target density length. The target density length can be used to calculate the subsequent volcanic structure density.

[0055] S7. Obtaining the volcano's external dimensions. The volcano's external dimensions can be obtained using a GPS map function. The GPS map function obtains volcano topography information by analyzing the volcano's contour lines. The volcano's topography information includes the volcano's external dimensions. The volcano's topography information can also be obtained using other geophysical methods, such as using drones to take aerial photos of the volcano, or obtaining volcano's external dimensions by obtaining topographic information such as the volcano's contour lines.

[0056] S8. Calculate the volcanic structure density, which is calculated from the volcanic external dimensions and the target density length;

[0057] S9. Compare the volcanic structure density with a preset density threshold, where the preset density threshold is the theoretical density value of the volcano. If the volcanic structure density is not equal to the theoretical density value of the volcano, it is determined that there is a risk in the volcanic geological exploration in the direction of the muon incidence. The theoretical density value of the volcano is known to technicians in this field.

[0058] Specifically, in step S4, the muon attenuation flux is calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] Φ(θ n ,E) 衰减 =|Φ A -ΦB | (1)

[0060] Among them, Φ A is the first muon flux of a standard volcano; Φ B is the second muon flux of the volcano under test at the same muon incidence angle.

[0061] Specifically, in step S5, a volcano density structure table is constructed according to the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] θ n =90°-θ 入射 (3)

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Where E is the muon energy; θ n is the nth muon zenith angle; θ 入射 is the incident angle of the nth muon; p1, p2, p3, p4 and p5 are all parameters, and the parameter values are: p1 = 0.102573, p2 = -0.068287, p3 = 0.958633, p4 = 0.0407253, p5 = 0.817285; X is the density length; K is the proportional coefficient; z is the charge number of the incident particle; Z and A are the atomic number and mass number of the incident material; me is the electron mass; W max is the maximum energy that can be transferred during a single collision between the incident particle and the incident matter, and δ(βγ) is the density effect correction for the ionization energy loss;

[0067] The main calculation process is:

[0068] The muon energy E can be obtained by formula (2), and then the density length X can be obtained according to formula (5). From this, the volcanic density structure table can be obtained, and then the density length corresponding to the muon attenuation flux at different muon zenith angles can be obtained by looking up the table.

[0069] Specifically, in step S8, the volcanic structure density is calculated according to the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Wherein, L is the external dimension of the volcano; is the density of the volcanic structure.

[0072] Specifically, the method includes reconstructing the spatial density structure and performing cross-3D inversion imaging of the volcano to be measured based on the data measured by the muon detector, such as the muon attenuation flux and volcanic structure density, through a processing device, so that the collected data becomes more intuitive. Constructing the volcanic structure imaging includes the following steps:

[0073] The density of volcanic structures at multiple muon incidence angles is obtained and centrally processed and monitored by a processing device connected to the muon detector.

[0074] Reconstructing the three-dimensional spatial density structure, a multi-directional three-dimensional perspective can be established based on the obtained data. Here, the two-dimensional data structures need to be sorted and rearranged respectively, and then back-projected to obtain the track length of each muon, and the track transmission matrix is constructed. Subsequently, three-dimensional reconstruction can be performed using greedy algorithms, iterative threshold algorithms, and combined optimization algorithms; then cross-3D inversion imaging can be used to obtain volcanic structure density imaging, making the collected data more intuitive.

[0075] A server includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the cosmic ray-based remote sensing detection method for the internal state of a volcano are implemented as described in Example 1.

[0076] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 501, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 502 or the program loaded from the storage part into the random access memory (RAM) 503. Various programs and data required for system operation are also stored in the RAM 503. The CPU 501, ROM 502, and RAM 503 are connected to each other via a bus 504. An input / output (I / O) interface 505 is also connected to the bus 504.

[0077] The following components are connected to the I / O interface 505: an input section 506 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output section including a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a speaker; a storage section 508 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 509 including a network interface card such as a LAN card or a modem. The communication section 509 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive is also connected to the I / O interface 505 as needed. Removable media 511, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, and the like, is installed in the drive 510 as needed, so that computer programs read therefrom can be installed into the storage section 508 as needed.

[0078] In particular, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the above reference process Figure 1 The described process can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiment 3 of the present invention includes a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication portion and / or installed from a removable medium. When the computer program is executed by the central processing unit (CPU) 501, the above-mentioned functions defined in the system of the present application are performed.

[0079] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium described in the present invention can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, an electrical connection having one or more conductors, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present invention, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. This propagated data signal can take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0080] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, program segment, or a part of code, and the above-mentioned module, program segment, or a part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0081] The units involved in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software or in hardware, and the units described may also be provided in a processor. The names of these units do not, in some cases, constitute a limitation on the units themselves. The units or modules described may also be provided in a processor, for example, they may be described as: a processor comprising a first generation module, an acquisition module, a search module, a second generation module, and a merging module. The names of these units or modules do not, in some cases, constitute a limitation on the units or modules themselves, for example, the acquisition module may also be described as "an acquisition module for acquiring multiple instances to be detected in the basic table."

[0082] As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments, or may exist independently and not incorporated into the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement the cosmic ray-based remote sensing method for detecting the internal state of a volcano, as described in the above embodiments.

[0083] The units involved in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software or in hardware, and the units described may also be provided in a processor. The names of these units do not, in some cases, constitute a limitation on the units themselves. The units or modules described may also be provided in a processor, for example, they may be described as: a processor comprising a first generation module, an acquisition module, a search module, a second generation module, and a merging module. The names of these units or modules do not, in some cases, constitute a limitation on the units or modules themselves, for example, the acquisition module may also be described as "an acquisition module for acquiring multiple instances to be detected in the basic table."

[0084] As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments, or may exist independently and not incorporated into the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement the cosmic ray-based remote sensing method for detecting the internal state of a volcano, as described in the above embodiments.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention herein is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but also encompasses other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) technical features having similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A remote sensing detection method for the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Setting at least one muon detector at a preset observation point, wherein the preset observation point is located around a standard volcano; S2. Collecting some muon information at the observation point, wherein the muon information includes a muon incident angle and a first muon flux corresponding to the muon incident angle; S3, repeating steps S1 and S2, and then collecting the muon incidence angle of the volcano to be measured and the second muon flux corresponding to the muon incidence angle; S4. Calculate the muon attenuation flux, where the muon attenuation flux is the difference between the first muon flux and the second muon flux at the same muon incident angle; S5. Obtain a volcanic density structure table, wherein the table includes a muon zenith angle, a muon flux, and a density length; the sum of the muon zenith angle and the muon incidence angle is 90 degrees; and the density length is a fixed value when the muon zenith angle and the muon flux are known; In step S5, a volcano density structure table is constructed according to the following formula: i n =90°-θ 入射 (3) Where E is the muon energy; θ n is the nth muon zenith angle; θ 入射 is the incident angle of the nth muon; p1, p2, p3, p4 and p5 are all parameters, and the parameter values are: p1 = 0.102573, p2 = -0.068287, p3 = 0.958633, p4 = 0.0407253, p5 = 0.817285; X is the density length; K is the proportional coefficient; z is the charge number of the incident particle; Z and A are the atomic number and mass number of the incident material; me is the electron mass; W max is the maximum energy that can be transferred during a single collision between the incident particle and the incident matter, and δ(βγ) is the density effect correction for the ionization energy loss; S6. Obtaining a target density length, wherein the target density length is obtained by searching the volcano density structure table; S7, obtaining the volcano's external dimensions, wherein the volcano's external dimensions are obtained by using a GPS map function; S8. Calculating the volcanic structure density, where the volcanic structure density is calculated based on the volcanic outer dimensions and the target density length; S9. Compare the volcanic structure density with a preset density threshold. If the volcanic structure density is not equal to the preset density threshold, determine that there is a risk in the volcanic exploration geology in the muon incidence direction.

2. The method for remote sensing of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the muon decay flux is calculated according to the following formula: Φ(θ n ,E) 衰减 =|Φ A -F B | (1) Among them, Φ A is the first muon flux of a standard volcano; Φ B is the second muon flux of the volcano under test at the same muon incidence angle.

3. The method for remote sensing of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, the volcanic structure density is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein, L is the value of the volcano's external dimensions; is the density of the volcanic structure.

4. The method for remote sensing of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes constructing a volcanic structure density image, wherein the constructing the volcanic structure density image comprises the following steps: Obtain the muon incident angle and the corresponding volcanic structure density to obtain the volcanic structure density distribution data; Reconstructing the spatial density structure; The spatial density structure is subjected to three-dimensional inversion imaging to obtain the volcanic structure density imaging.

5. The method for remote sensing of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included between step S1 and step S2: Acquiring initial muon information, where the initial muon information is collected by the muon detector; The initial muon information is filtered to obtain a first muon flux.

6. A server comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for remote sensing detection of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for remote sensing detection of the internal state of a volcano based on cosmic rays are implemented as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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