Multi-wheel dressing device adapted to a compound grinding machine and compound grinding machine

Abstract

The present application relates to a multi-wheel dressing device suitable for a compound grinding machine and the compound grinding machine. The multi-wheel dressing device is provided with a driving cylinder, a gear and rack mechanism, a buffer and damping cylinder and a diamond pen swing arm mechanism. The cylinder piston rod, the rack and the cylinder piston rod are vertically arranged and coaxially connected in sequence. The swing arm side shaft end of the gear shaft is fixedly connected with the inner end of the swing arm of the diamond swing arm mechanism. The extension direction of the swing arm is perpendicular to the extension direction of the gear shaft. The outer end of the swing arm is provided with a diamond pen seat. One or more diamond pens are installed on the diamond pen seat. The multiple diamond pens are different diamond pens. The grinding wheel dressing device of the compound grinding machine adopts the multi-wheel dressing device. The present application can reduce or avoid the interference with the normal work of the grinding machine, realize the effective buffering of the dressing element action and improve the static rigidity of the dressing element in the dressing structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a multi-wheel dressing device suitable for a compound grinding machine, and also relates to a compound grinding machine using the multi-wheel dressing device, and belongs to the technical field of machining equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] The grinding machine provided with the grinding wheel is usually provided with a grinding wheel dressing device (or grinding wheel dresser). The grinding wheel dressing device is usually arranged on the worktable of the grinding machine. Some grinding wheel dressing devices are fixed on the worktable, and some grinding wheel dressing devices can move linearly on the worktable in the longitudinal and transverse directions to move to the corresponding working position when the grinding wheel needs to be dressed. Some grinding wheel dressing devices are provided with a swing arm which is driven to swing by a motor to send a diamond pen or other grinding wheel dressing elements to the corresponding working position. For example, the Chinese patent document CN215617139U discloses an ultra-precision numerical control grinding machine with a grinding wheel dresser, which comprises a worktable and a grinding wheel. The grinding wheel is arranged on the upper surface of the worktable. The outer side of the worktable is provided with an adjusting device. The adjusting device comprises a three-axis platform. The outer side of the three-axis platform is fixedly installed on the outer side of the worktable through a support plate. The Z-axis outer surface of the three-axis platform is fixedly installed with a driving groove body through a sliding block. The upper surface of the driving groove body is provided with a dressing device. The dressing device comprises a turntable groove body. The lower surface of the turntable groove body is slidably connected to the upper surface of the driving groove body. The adjusting device further comprises a driving motor. The outer surface of the driving motor is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the driving groove body. The inner bottom wall of the driving groove body is fixedly installed with a cam divider. The output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly installed with one end of the cam divider. The cam divider can make the turntable groove body rotate 90 degrees each time through the driving of the driving motor. The Chinese patent document CN115179129A discloses a double-end-face disc type vertical shaft numerical control grinding machine, which comprises a grinding mechanism, a cooling system, a main control box, an in-out material mechanism and a grinding wheel dresser. The grinding mechanism is used for grinding of a workpiece relative to two end faces. The cooling system is used for supply, recovery, filtration treatment and temperature reduction of cooling liquid. The main control box is used for automatic control of the whole grinding machine operation. The in-out material mechanism is used for automatic feeding and discharging conveying operation of the workpiece. The grinding wheel dresser is used for dressing of the surface of the grinding wheel and comprises a dressing arm, a reduction box, a fixed shaft and a servo motor four. The servo motor four, the reduction box, the fixed shaft and the dressing arm are connected in sequence. The servo motor four drives the dressing arm to rotate through the fixed shaft. The dressing arm is driven to rotate through the action of the servo motor four. The dressing of the grinding wheel is completed through the action of the dressing arm. The Chinese patent document CN210335598U discloses an inverted table type grinding wheel dresser device, which comprises a bottom plate. A rack is slidably arranged on the bottom plate and is driven to reciprocate linearly by an oil cylinder installed on the bottom plate. A bearing seat is installed on the bottom plate. A shaft is rotatably arranged on the bearing seat. A gear is installed on the end of the shaft. The gear is engaged with the rack. The shaft is connected with a swing arm which rotates synchronously with the shaft. A diamond pen rod is connected to the swing arm. The diamond pen rod can be adjusted in position along the length direction of the surface of the swing arm. A diamond pen is arranged on the front end and both sides of the diamond pen rod. A first positioning block is fixed on the bottom plate. A second positioning block is arranged on the bottom surface of the swing arm and cooperates with the first positioning block.

[0003] These prior art features, respectively suitable for the respective occasions, however, also have some common limitations, one is the occupation of working space, especially for the automated production line, when the mechanical hand is used for the workpiece feeding and discharging, the activity area of the mechanical hand is often limited, two is the lack of effective buffer, three is that the static rigidity of the dressing element (for example, the diamond pen) is limited in the grinding wheel dressing process, which will adversely affect the working efficiency and the grinding wheel dressing quality. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present application provides a multi-grinding wheel dressing device suitable for a compound grinding machine and a compound grinding machine adopting / supplied with the multi-grinding wheel dressing device, so as to reduce or avoid the hindrance to the normal work of the grinding machine, realize the effective buffer of the dressing element action, and improve the static rigidity of the dressing element in the dressing structure.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is: a multi-grinding wheel dressing device suitable for a compound grinding machine, provided with a driving cylinder, a gear and rack mechanism, a buffer and damping cylinder and a diamond pen swing arm mechanism, the driving cylinder, the gear and rack mechanism and the buffer and damping cylinder are distributed in sequence from bottom to top, the cylinder piston rod of the driving cylinder, the rack of the gear and rack mechanism and the oil cylinder piston rod of the buffer and damping cylinder are all vertically arranged and coaxially connected in sequence, the swing arm side shaft end of the gear shaft of the gear and rack mechanism is fixedly connected with the inner end of the swing arm of the diamond pen swing arm mechanism, the extension direction of the swing arm is perpendicular to the extension direction of the gear shaft, the outer end of the swing arm is provided with a diamond pen seat, one or more diamond pens are installed on the diamond pen seat, the plurality of diamond pens are different diamond pens, or in other words, each diamond pen (when a plurality of diamond pens are provided) is different from each other and is used for dressing different grinding wheels.

[0006] The number of diamond pens can be set according to actual needs. For example, when used for a compound grinding machine provided with three grinding wheels of an outer circle grinding wheel, an outer circle end surface grinding wheel and an inner hole grinding wheel, the number of diamond pens is 3, which are respectively used for dressing the outer circle grinding wheel, the outer circle end surface grinding wheel and the inner hole grinding wheel of the compound grinding machine.

[0007] Further, each diamond pen (when a plurality of diamond pens are provided) can be located on the same plane as the plane where the swing arm axis (the center line of the swing arm along the extension direction of the swing arm) and the gear shaft axis (the center line of the gear shaft along the extension direction of the gear shaft) are located or on the same plane parallel to the plane where the swing arm axis and the gear shaft axis are located.

[0008] Further, the gear and rack mechanism is provided with a base, the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole intersecting in the base, the rack is arranged in the vertical through hole and the gear shaft is arranged in the horizontal through hole, and the base is rotatably installed on the base through two bearings respectively located on both sides of the gear.

[0009] Preferably, both bearings for rotatably mounting the gear shaft on the base are tapered roller bearings.

[0010] Preferably, the end cover is arranged on the non-swinging arm side hole of the transverse through hole, and a sealing ring is arranged between the swing arm side hole of the transverse through hole and the gear shaft.

[0011] Preferably, the non-swinging arm end of the gear shaft is provided with a locking nut.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the cylinder barrel of the driving cylinder is open, and the driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the rack mechanism base, and the rack mechanism base is used as the cylinder head to form a cavity with the cylinder barrel, and the speed regulating joints for the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the driving cylinder are arranged on the side surface of the rack mechanism base and the side surface of the cylinder barrel, respectively, and the rack mechanism base is provided with an upper cavity vent hole for connecting the upper cavity of the driving cylinder and the corresponding speed regulating joint, and the cylinder barrel is provided with a lower cavity vent hole for connecting the lower cavity of the driving cylinder and the corresponding speed regulating joint, and the inner end hole of the upper cavity vent hole is located on the top surface of the upper cavity, that is, the bottom surface of the rack mechanism base, and the inner end hole of the lower cavity vent hole is located on the bottom surface of the lower cavity.

[0013] Further, the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the buffer and damping cylinder are provided with a fast oil path and a slow oil path, the hole in the upper oil chamber of the fast oil path is located on the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber, and is lower than the upper limit position of the upper edge of the oil cylinder piston, that is, the upper surface or the top end of the outer circle of the oil cylinder piston, the hole in the lower oil chamber of the fast oil path is located on the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber, and is higher than the lower limit position of the lower edge of the oil cylinder piston, that is, the lower surface or the bottom end of the outer circle of the oil cylinder piston, the hole in the upper oil chamber of the slow oil path is located on the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber, and is higher than the position of the hole in the upper oil chamber of the fast oil path, and the hole in the lower oil chamber of the slow oil path is located on the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber, and is lower than the position of the hole in the lower oil chamber of the fast oil path.

[0014] The flow rate of the slow oil path is obviously smaller than that of the fast oil path, or in other words, the flow resistance of the slow oil path is obviously larger than that of the fast oil path.

[0015] Further, the slow oil path includes a slow main path and two slow speed regulating branch paths for respectively connecting the slow main path and the corresponding side oil chamber, and the slow main path is provided with an on-off valve.

[0016] Preferably, the on-off valve on the slow main path is a plunger valve controlled by liquid pressure, and the control end is provided with an oil pipe joint for connecting the control oil path.

[0017] Further, a speed regulating valve for flow / resistance adjustment is arranged on the slow speed regulating path.

[0018] Preferably, a unidirectional slow path parallel to the slow speed regulating path is arranged on the slow oil path, and a unidirectional valve is arranged on the unidirectional slow path, which is a unidirectional valve allowing flow from the slow main path to the corresponding slow path.

[0019] The composite grinding machine comprises a grinding machine body provided with a workbench and a grinding wheel frame, a grinding wheel dressing device, a headstock and a center stand for setting workpieces on the workbench, and one or more grinding wheels on the grinding wheel frame, wherein the grinding wheel dressing device adopts any one of the multi-grinding wheel dressing devices disclosed in the present application and is arranged on the rear side of the grinding machine body (the side far from the operator).

[0020] Preferably, the number of diamond pens on the multi-grinding wheel dressing device is equal to the number of grinding wheels on the grinding wheel frame, and when the number of grinding wheels / diamond pens is multiple, each diamond pen is a diamond pen for dressing each grinding wheel.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the combination of the advantages of fast speed and variable speed flexibility of pneumatic, and the advantages of buffering and damping stiffness of hydraulic, the fast start-up speed and running speed, the short end buffering time and distance, the avoidance or alleviation of the weak points of weak motion stiffness and insufficient static stiffness caused by the compressibility of gas in the case of using pneumatic actuators alone, the avoidance or alleviation of the weak points of easy oil leakage, difficult fault detection and complex sealing operation in the case of using hydraulic cylinders as actuators, low running cost and maintenance cost, and better adaptation to the harsh working environment of the composite grinding machine. In addition, through the arrangement of multiple diamond pens with different characteristics, the dressing of each grinding wheel in the composite grinding machine using three kinds of grinding wheels (cylindrical grinding wheel, cylindrical face grinding wheel and inner hole grinding wheel) is adapted. Through reasonable layout, the grinding wheel dressing device can not occupy the working area and does not hinder the mechanical hand feeding and discharging during normal operation (grinding and corresponding feeding and discharging) of the grinding machine. The operator stands in front of the machine door, avoids the workpiece and center stand, and can see the dressing tool setting process of the three kinds of diamond pens corresponding to the three kinds of grinding wheels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a front view (X-X sectional view) of the multi-grinding wheel dressing device;

[0023] Figure 2is a top view of the multi-wheel dressing device (Y-Y sectional view) ;

[0024] Figure 3 is a partial view of the buffer and damping cylinder of the dressing device (Z-Z sectional view) ;

[0025] Figure 4 is an actuator diagram of the cylinder and oil cylinder linkage of the dressing device;

[0026] Figure 5 is a pneumatic and hydraulic principle diagram of the dressing device;

[0027] Figure 6 is a top view of the composite grinding machine.

[0028] Identified in the figure: A: gear and rack mechanism; A1: rack; A2: gear shaft; A3: flat key; A4: gear; A5: locking nut; A6: end cover; A7: tapered roller bearing; A8: sealing ring; A9: locking screw; B: driving cylinder (referred to as cylinder); B1: cylinder piston; B2: nut (cylinder piston nut); B3: cylinder piston rod; B4: washer; B5: speed regulating joint; C: buffer and damping cylinder (referred to as oil cylinder); C1: oil cylinder piston rod; C2: oil cylinder end cover; C3: speed regulating valve sleeve; C4: spring (on-off valve spring); C5: on-off valve plunger; C6: oil pipe joint; C7: positioning screw; C8: washer; C9: sealing ring; C10: spring (one-way valve spring); C11: steel ball (one-way valve steel ball); C12: oil plug; C13: sealing ring; C14: sealing ring; C15: washer; C16: nut; C17: adjusting plunger; D: diamond pen swing arm mechanism; D1: swing arm; D2: locking screw; D3: diamond pen; F: grinding wheel of the grinding machine; G: pneumatic driving system; G1: air source; G2: pressure reducing valve; G3: air pressure gauge; G4: silencer; G5: electromagnetic reversing valve; G6: one-way speed regulating valve; G7: cylinder; G8: cylinder piston rod; H: hydraulic buffer and damping system; H1: oil tank; H2: oil pump; H3: overflow valve; H4: oil pressure gauge; H5: electromagnetic reversing valve; H6: hydraulic on-off valve; H7: hydraulic cylinder; H8: hydraulic cylinder piston rod; H9: one-way throttle valve; J: gear and rack swing system; J1: gear; J2: rack; J3: swing arm; K1: workbench; K2: headstock (headstock); K3: workpiece; K4: center stand; K5: dressing device (multi-wheel dressing device); K6: grinding wheel stand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Reference Figures 1-6 This multi-wheel dressing device is suitable for composite grinding machines and other occasions, mainly including: gear and rack mechanism A, driving cylinder B, buffer and damping cylinder C, diamond pen swing arm mechanism D, pneumatic and hydraulic control valve group E.

[0030] The gear rack mechanism A mainly includes: a rack A1, a gear shaft A2, a flat key A3, a gear A4, a lock nut A5, an end cover A6, a tapered roller bearing A7, a sealing ring A8 and a lock screw A9. Among them, the rack A1 and the gear A4 are engaged with each other and installed in the base. The base is provided with a vertical through hole for accommodating the movement of the rack and a horizontal hole for accommodating the movement of the gear and the gear shaft. The shaft of the gear A4 is the gear shaft A2, which is rotatably installed in the horizontal through hole of the base through the tapered roller bearings A7 located on both sides of the gear A4. The gear A4 is sleeved on the gear shaft A2, and the flat key A3 is arranged between the two to transmit torque and prevent relative rotation. One end of the gear shaft A2 protrudes from the horizontal through hole and is connected to the inner end of the swing arm D1 of the diamond pen swing arm mechanism D through a connecting piece (such as a sleeve or a clamp). The connecting piece is provided with a lock screw A9 for locking the connection between the connecting piece and the swing arm. When the gear A4 rotates, the swing arm D1 swings through the gear shaft A2. The other end of the horizontal through hole of the base is provided with an end cover A6 to cover the port. The end of the gear shaft not connected to the swing arm is screwed with a lock nut A5, which can be locked according to actual needs. The lock nut A5 is located inside the end cover A6. The gear shaft and the swing arm side port of the horizontal through hole are provided with a sealing ring A8, so as to realize the sealing of the two ends of the horizontal through hole through the end cover A6 and the sealing ring A8.

[0031] The drive cylinder B mainly includes: a cylinder piston B1, a nut B2, a cylinder piston rod B3, a gasket B4 and a speed regulating joint B5. The upper end of the cylinder body is open and is sealingly connected to the lower surface of the base, so that the base can be regarded as the cylinder head. Together with the cylinder body (or the main part of the cylinder body), it encloses the cylinder cavity (the cavity in the cylinder body). The cylinder piston B1 is arranged in the cylinder cavity, which divides the cylinder cavity into an upper chamber (rod chamber) and a lower chamber (rodless chamber). The cylinder piston rod B3 is fixedly connected with the cylinder piston through the nut B2, and the gasket B4 is arranged between the nut B2 and the cylinder piston. The upper end is coaxially connected with the rack A1 to form a whole. Thus, the vertical through hole on the base can also be regarded as the piston rod hole on the cylinder head. Two speed regulating joints B5 are installed on the cylinder body and the base respectively. The cylinder body is provided with a rodless chamber through hole (the inner end is opened on the bottom surface of the rodless chamber) for connecting the speed regulating joint on the cylinder body and the rodless chamber of the cylinder. The base (equivalent to the cylinder head) is provided with a rod chamber through hole (the inner end is opened on the top surface of the rod chamber, that is, the bottom surface of the base) for connecting the speed regulating joint on the base and the rod chamber of the cylinder. Thus, the inlet and outlet of the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the cylinder can be realized through the corresponding speed regulating joints.

[0032] The buffer and damping oil cylinder C mainly comprises: an oil cylinder piston rod C1, an oil cylinder end cover C2, a speed regulating valve sleeve C3, a spring C4, a on-off valve plunger C5, an oil pipe joint (control oil pipe joint) C6, a positioning screw C7, a gasket C8, a sealing ring C9, a one-way valve spring C10, a one-way valve steel ball C11, an oil plug C12, a sealing ring C13, a sealing ring C14, a gasket C15, a nut C16 and an adjusting plunger C17. The oil cylinder body is provided according to the conventional manner, comprising an oil cylinder body (or referred to as the main body part of the oil cylinder body) and an oil cylinder cylinder cover C2 covering the port on the upper end of the main body part of the cylinder body. The oil cylinder piston is arranged in the cavity of the oil cylinder, which divides the oil cylinder cavity into an upper cavity (rodless cavity) and a lower cavity (rod cavity). The bottom surface of the oil cylinder body is provided with a piston rod hole. The oil cylinder piston rod C1 is fixedly connected with the oil cylinder piston and extends downward, passes through the piston rod hole on the oil cylinder body and is located in the vertical through hole of the base at the lower end, and is coaxially connected with the rack A1. Thus, when the cylinder piston rod moves upward (or downward), the rack and the oil cylinder piston rod are synchronously driven to move upward (or downward), and the rack drives the gear to rotate in the corresponding direction, and further drives the swing arm to swing in the corresponding direction through the gear shaft.

[0033] The oil cylinder is provided with inlet and outlet oil paths according to the conventional manner, connected with the external oil circulation system, and the inlet and outlet oil paths of the two oil chambers can be connected, so that when the oil cylinder piston moves, the oil flows from one chamber to the other chamber through the interconnected inlet and outlet oil paths, or a combination of the above two forms. These inlet and outlet oil paths serve as fast oil paths (the flow rate of the inlet and outlet oil in normal operation is obviously greater than that of slow oil paths). The openings of the fast oil paths connecting the upper cavity and the lower cavity are arranged on the side walls of the upper cavity and the lower cavity, respectively, and are completely blocked by the oil cylinder piston when the oil cylinder piston is close to the top end of the upper cavity or close to the bottom end of the lower cavity.

[0034] The oil cylinder is also provided with a slow oil path connecting the upper cavity and the lower cavity. The slow oil path comprises a slow main path arranged in the oil cylinder body. A on-off valve is arranged on the slow main path. A on-off valve plunger C5 serving as an opening and closing member and a on-off valve spring C4 located inside the on-off valve plunger C5 are arranged in the valve cavity of the on-off valve. An oil pipe joint C6 for controlling the action of the on-off valve is arranged at the outer end of the on-off valve cavity. The oil pipe joint C6 is connected with the oil path. When the input oil pressure is greater than a certain value, the pressure oil pushes the on-off valve plunger inward, and the on-off valve is opened. When the input oil pressure is less than a certain value (for example, zero pressure), the on-off valve spring pushes the on-off valve plunger outward, and the on-off valve is closed, cutting off the slow main path.

[0035] The upper and lower ends of the slow main path are respectively connected with the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the oil cylinder through the corresponding slow branch paths, the slow branch path connecting any chamber (any of the upper chamber and the lower chamber) is two paths, including a speed regulating branch path provided with a speed regulating valve and a one-way branch path provided with a one-way valve, the speed regulating valve is provided with a speed regulating valve sleeve C3 and an adjusting plunger C17, the opening degree or flow of the speed regulating valve is adjusted by adjusting the insertion depth of the adjusting plunger C17 in the speed regulating valve sleeve, the one-way valve is only allowed to flow from the slow main path to the one-way valve branch path, including a steel ball (one-way valve steel ball) C11 and a spring (one-way valve spring) C12, the spring C12 is a pre-compressed spring, which pushes the steel ball C11 to the one-way valve seat (including the annular end surface / step acting as the valve seat on the medium passage) on the side of the slow main path, the medium pressure from the side of the one-way valve branch path is applied to the steel ball C11, the steel ball C11 will press on the valve seat with greater pressure to cut off the medium flow, when the medium pressure from the side of the slow main path reaches a certain degree, it overcomes the pushing force of the spring C12 to push the steel ball C12 away from the valve seat to allow the medium to flow.

[0036] The speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path can be respectively provided with their own openings in the corresponding oil chamber (the upper chamber or the lower chamber of the oil cylinder), the openings of the speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path connecting the same oil chamber in the corresponding oil chamber have the same height (or axial position), and the speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path connecting the same oil chamber can also share the same opening in the corresponding oil chamber (the upper chamber or the lower chamber of the oil cylinder).

[0037] Generally, the openings (whether independent openings or shared openings) of the speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path in the corresponding oil chamber (the upper chamber or the lower chamber of the oil cylinder) are arranged on the side wall of the corresponding oil chamber, and the openings of the speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path connecting the upper chamber on the upper chamber side wall are located above the openings of the fast oil path on the upper chamber side wall, and preferably have a certain distance from the top of the upper chamber, and the openings of the speed regulating branch path and the one-way branch path connecting the lower chamber on the lower chamber side wall are located below the openings of the fast oil path on the lower chamber side wall, and preferably have a certain distance from the bottom of the lower chamber. Thus, when the oil cylinder piston moves up to cover the openings of the fast oil path on the upper chamber side wall and does not cover the openings of the slow branch path (speed regulating branch path and one-way branch path) on the upper chamber side wall, the oil in the upper chamber can only flow out through the slow branch path and then flow into the lower chamber through the slow oil path; when the oil cylinder piston moves down to cover the openings of the fast oil path on the lower chamber side wall and does not cover the openings of the slow branch path (speed regulating branch path and one-way branch path) on the lower chamber side wall, the oil in the lower chamber can only flow out through the slow branch path and then flow into the upper chamber through the slow oil path.

[0038] The basic flow rate / resistance of the slow oil path can be determined by the pipe diameter setting and / or oil saving structure on the slow oil path, and further adjusted by the speed regulating valve according to actual needs.

[0039] According to the prior art, the sealing rings C9, C13, C14 and the gaskets C8, C15 are arranged at appropriate positions of the speed regulating valve, the front end of the speed regulating valve sleeve can be screwed with the nut C16, and the tail end can be screwed with the positioning screw C7 to realize the fixation of the speed regulating valve.

[0040] For the unnecessary oil passage opening formed by the machining process, the oil plug C12 can be used to block it.

[0041] The diamond pen swing arm mechanism D mainly includes the swing arm D1, the set screw D2 and the diamond pen D3. The inner end of the swing arm D1 is fixedly connected to the corresponding shaft end of the gear shaft A2, the outer end of the swing arm is provided with a diamond pen seat (diamond pen mounting seat), the inner end of the diamond pen D3 is inserted into the corresponding insertion hole of the diamond pen seat, and is fixed by the set screw D2. For the compound grinding machine provided with three grinding wheels, the number of diamond pens should also be three to adapt to the dressing requirements of different grinding wheels.

[0042] This multi-grinding wheel dressing device can work in the following way (taking the upward movement of the cylinder piston as an example):

[0043] The pressure air enters the lower cavity of the driving cylinder B through the lower speed regulating joint B5, pushes the cylinder piston B1 to move upward, the air in the upper cavity of the cylinder is sent out through the upper speed regulating joint, the cylinder piston B1 pushes the rack A1 to move upward, the teeth on the rack A1 push the gear shaft A2 to rotate counterclockwise, the gear shaft A2 drives the swing arm D1 to rotate / counterclockwise, the swing arm D1 drives the diamond pen swing arm mechanism D to rotate / counterclockwise, the diamond pen swing arm mechanism D drives the diamond pen D3 to rotate / counterclockwise, and the diamond pen D3 stops rotating / counterclockwise after rotating to the horizontal position. In this state, the high-speed downward rotating grinding wheel F contacts the diamond pen D3 through the transverse and longitudinal feeding movements of the grinding machine itself to realize the dressing action.

[0044] During the upward movement of the cylinder piston, the rack A1 also pushes the oil cylinder piston rod C1 to move upward, the piston on the oil cylinder piston rod C1 pushes the hydraulic oil in the buffer and damping oil cylinder C to flow from the upper oil chamber (upper cavity) to the lower oil chamber (lower cavity). In a relatively large range where the oil cylinder piston is away from the top and bottom surfaces of the oil cylinder by a certain distance, the upper and lower oil chambers are simultaneously connected by the fast oil passage and the slow oil passage. When the piston on the oil cylinder piston rod C1 moves upward to a position 4mm away from the upper limit position, the piston blocks the fast oil passage opening on the side wall of the upper oil chamber, closes the fast oil passage, and the hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber can only flow to the lower oil chamber through the slow oil passage to realize the buffering movement. When the diamond pen D3 reaches the horizontal position, the 0.1MPa hydraulic oil introduced through the oil pipe joint C6 is switched to 0MPa by the hydraulic electromagnetic reversing valve of the on-off valve control oil passage, the spring C4 pushes the on-off valve plunger C5 to the left, cuts off the oil passage between the upper and lower oil chambers, and locks the oil cylinder piston rod C1, thereby enhancing the static rigidity of the diamond pen D3 and realizing the damping function.

[0045] In the gear rack mechanism A, the gear shaft A2 is supported by two groups of tapered roller bearings A7 at both ends to bear radial, axial and combined loads. The gear shaft A2 and the gear A4 are connected by a flat key A3 to transmit torque. Through the meshing movement of the rack A1 and the gear A4, several functions are realized: quick switching of the mechanical pencil D3 in and out of action (swing action of the swing arm D1); during trimming, the main mechanical pencil D3 is fixed and its static stiffness is maintained; absorbing the vibration transmitted by the grinding wheel to ensure the trimming accuracy.

[0046] When the oil cylinder piston moves upward to approach the end point, the piston closes the fast oil way, and the hydraulic oil flows from the upper oil chamber to the lower oil chamber only through the slow oil way. When the hydraulic oil flows to the corresponding one-way valve ball C11 through the corresponding branch connecting the upper oil chamber, the one-way valve ball C11 is closed under the action of the one-way valve spring C10, the oil pressure is consistent with the direction of the force of the one-way valve spring, and the one-way valve is not opened. When the hydraulic oil flows to the adjusting plunger C17 through the corresponding branch connecting the upper oil chamber, the depth of the adjusting plunger C17 into the speed regulating valve sleeve C3 can be adjusted, the size of the valve opening on the speed regulating valve sleeve C3 is changed accordingly, that is, the opening of the speed regulating valve is adjusted, and the flow rate (unit time flow) from the upper chamber to the lower chamber is changed. Subsequently, when the hydraulic oil enters the branch connecting the lower oil chamber, it passes through the corresponding one-way valve ball C11, overcomes the thrust of the corresponding one-way valve spring C10, pushes away the ball C11, and the hydraulic oil flows into the lower oil chamber. Thus, the buffering action of the oil cylinder piston rod C1 moving upward to the end point is completed.

[0047] After the buffering action is completed, the oil cylinder piston rod C1 moves upward to the end point, at which time the piston of the oil cylinder piston rod C1 has closed the fast oil way, the electromagnetic reversing valve controlling the working state of the on-off valve switches the hydraulic oil pressure of the on-off valve from 0.1 MPa to 0 MPa, and the on-off valve plunger C5 closes the main road of the slow oil way. Thus, all the oil ways of the oil cylinder are closed, the oil cylinder piston rod C1 is locked, and the damping function of the damping oil cylinder C is realized.

[0048] This multi-grinding wheel dressing device meets the following high-performance requirements of the composite grinding machine for the grinding wheel dressing device: (a) fast and smooth feeding; (b) emergency stop; (c) damping and static stiffness. The present application takes advantages of the incompressibility of hydraulic oil to make up for the compressibility of pressure air, realizes the functions of quick switching of multiple grinding wheels, damping, no leakage, etc., and uses air cylinders as the drive to make up for the leakage and blockage of hydraulic cylinders.

[0049] The driving cylinder B and the buffer and damping cylinder C are linked together, and are arranged in an up-down layout, the buffer and damping cylinder C is arranged above, the gas exhaust hole is arranged conveniently, the driving cylinder B is arranged below, and the cylinder load rate and the motion stability can be improved. In order to ensure smooth linkage operation, the concentricity of the cylinder B and the cylinder C is 0.01 mm, the stroke of the cylinder C is greater than the stroke of the cylinder B by 10 mm, and the opening (orifice) of the slow oil way is prevented from being closed by the piston on the cylinder piston rod C1. During the assembly, the cylinder piston rod B3 and the cylinder piston rod C1 are connected together through threads, a wrench is inserted into the wrench hole on the upper end of the cylinder piston rod C1 and is tightened, so that the cylinder piston rod B3, the driving cylinder B, the cylinder piston rod C1 and the buffer and damping cylinder C are not separated and do not creep.

[0050] The cylinder is a driving cylinder and provides power, and the cylinder is a driven cylinder and provides damping and controls the buffer speed. Through the switching of the pneumatic electromagnetic valve of the cylinder, the pressure air drives the cylinder piston B1 to move up and down, the whole speed is controlled by the speed regulating joint B5 (except in the buffer stage), at the same time, the cylinder piston rod C1 linked with the cylinder moves up and down and drives the hydraulic oil to flow between the upper and lower oil chambers, the adjusting plunger C17 is used for controlling the buffer flow speed of the hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil also affects the speed of the cylinder piston rod C1, and finally affects the speed of the cylinder piston B1, and in the case that only the slow oil way is opened, the buffer is realized.

[0051] From the process point of view, the connecting mode also simplifies the machining difficulty and assembly difficulty of related parts, and facilitates the future maintenance and replacement of wearing parts. Through the direct connection, the actions of the cylinder B and the cylinder C are rapidly transmitted to each other, the buffer and damping effect is obvious, and delay and obstruction are avoided.

[0052] The linkage control of the cylinder and the cylinder can be implemented by using appropriate prior art. Figure 5 A preferred linkage control mode adopted by the application is given. In order to be not lost in generality, Figure 5 The numbering mode independent of other drawings is adopted in the figure, the correspondence between the parts (reference numerals) in the linkage control system shown in the figure and the corresponding parts (reference numerals) in the other figures can be established according to the characteristics, functions, uses and names of the parts / structures / devices. Figure 5 The corresponding relationship between the parts (reference numerals) in the linkage control system shown in the figure and the corresponding parts (reference numerals) in the other figures is shown when the linkage control system is applied to the multi-wheel dressing device.

[0053] The cylinder hydraulic cylinder linkage control system comprises: a pneumatic drive system G, a hydraulic buffer and damping system H, and a gear and rack oscillating system J. The pneumatic drive system G comprises: an air source G1, a pressure reducing valve G2, an air pressure gauge G3, a silencer G4, an electromagnetic reversing valve G5, a one-way speed regulating valve G6, a cylinder G7, and a cylinder piston rod G8. The hydraulic buffer and damping system H comprises: an oil tank H1, an oil pump H2, an overflow valve H3, an oil pressure gauge H4, an electromagnetic reversing valve H5, a hydraulic control on-off valve H6, a hydraulic cylinder H7, a hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8, and a one-way throttle valve H9. The gear and rack oscillating system J comprises: a gear J1, a rack J2, and an oscillating arm J3. The connection relationship of each element / device, etc. and the product structure, etc. are as shown in Figure 5

[0054] In the dressing device, the cylinder piston rod G8, the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8, and the rack J2 are connected as a whole and move synchronously. The electromagnetic reversing valve G5 is used for switching control of the intake air. The compressed air drives the cylinder piston rod G8 to move up and down. The movement speed of the cylinder piston rod G8 can be controlled by adjusting the one-way speed regulating valve G6. The hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 moves synchronously and drives the hydraulic oil to flow. When the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 approaches the end of the stroke, the fast oil path is closed. Subsequently, the hydraulic oil can only flow from the slow oil path. The one-way throttle valve H9 controls the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and performs a buffering action in this process. After the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 reaches the end of the stroke, the electromagnetic reversing valve H5 switches to reduce the oil pressure in the slow oil path from 0.1 MPa to 0 MPa. Subsequently, the hydraulic control on-off valve H6 is closed to lock the hydraulic oil on both sides of the piston connected to the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8, thereby achieving the damping function.

[0055] The composite grinding machine is provided with a workbench K1, a headstock K2, a center stand K4, a dressing device K5, and a grinding wheel frame K6. The workpiece K3 is installed on the headstock K2 and the center stand K4. The grinding wheel frame K6 is provided with multiple grinding wheels, for example, three grinding wheels F1, F2, and F3.

[0056] The diamond pen D3 can be quickly switched to the dressing position or withdrawn under the drive of the oscillating arm. In the process of dressing the multiple grinding wheels F1, F2, and F3 alternately on the composite grinding machine, the rotation of the grinding wheel frame and the oscillation of the dresser do not interfere with each other, thereby realizing the rapid infeed of each grinding wheel F1, F2, and F3. The grinding wheel frame K6 first moves in the transverse direction to move away from the diamond pen D3, then moves in the longitudinal direction to move away from the dressing device D, and then rotates to switch the positions of the three grinding wheels F1, F2, and F3, so as to be aligned with the direction of the dressing device D. This is also conducive to the observation of the workers during the dressing of the grinding wheels. The operator can see whether the grinding wheel F is in contact with the diamond pen D3 from the front of the workpiece K3 and the center stand K4, thereby improving the work efficiency and reducing the labor intensity. The grinding work and the dressing of the three grinding wheels during processing are completed without disassembling the clamped workpiece.

[0057] ​Three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 arranged on the composite grinding machine can be respectively an outer circle grinding wheel, an outer circle end surface grinding wheel and an inner hole grinding wheel, and are respectively used for grinding the outer circle, the outer circle end surface and the inner hole of the workpiece.

[0058] The multi-grinding wheel dressing device of the application also has the following features:

[0059] 1) The multi-grinding wheel dressing device is suitable for the composite grinding machine: the composite grinding machine is provided with three kinds of grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3, which are used to process three positions (outer circle, end surface and inner hole) of the workpiece K3 (for example, the spindle of a milling machine), and the multi-grinding wheel dressing device can dress the three kinds of grinding wheels or even more grinding wheels.

[0060] 2) The device does not need to be arranged on the workbench of the machine tool: due to the layout of the composite grinding machine and other similar machine tools and the clamping mode of the workpiece, if the grinding wheel dressing device is arranged on the workbench where the headstock and the center rest / tailstock are located, it will hinder the arrangement or movement of the machining mechanism of the machine tool or the workpiece. In the layout form of the composite grinding machine, the operator stands in front of the door of the machine tool, avoids the workpiece and the center rest, and can see the dressing tool setting process of the three kinds of diamond pens corresponding to the three kinds of grinding wheels. The size of the dressing device is small and convenient to observe, and at the same time, it also ensures that there is no interference between the three kinds of diamond pens and meets the requirement that there is no interference when the three kinds of grinding wheels are fed.

[0061] 3) Due to the different sizes, grinding allowances, dressing positions and dressing frequencies of the three kinds of grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 of the composite grinding machine, the multi-grinding wheel dressing device is configured with a plurality of different diamond pens, a gear shaft A2 is driven to swing 90° by a cylinder driving rack A1, and the three diamond pens D3 on the swing arm are sent to the dressing position to dress the grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3, which effectively meets the dressing requirements of the grinding wheels, helps to prolong the service life and reduce the tool setting time. The dressing device can send the three kinds of dressing diamond pens D3 to the dressing position, so that the three kinds of grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 can contact the diamond pens during the process of dressing from the maximum size to the minimum size; the three kinds of diamond pens can be quickly switched while ensuring the static rigidity during dressing; the dressing device can be used in the harsh machining environment of the composite grinding machine to ensure the service life and reliability. Because the sizes, speeds, abrasive types (particle size, hardness, pore density and binder) and dressing feed amounts of the grinding wheels are different, the sizes of the tool shanks of the diamond pens are different (for example, φ8, φ10 and φ12), the sizes and quantities of the diamond particles (for example, single-point type and blade type), and the installation angles of the diamond stones (for example, 0°, 5° or 45° of pitch or roll).

[0062] 4) Set a set of hydraulic buffers / cylinder and cylinder piston rod linkage, to ensure that the swing arm at the end of the stroke is not impacted, when the D finishing device reaches the finishing position, the buffer and shock absorbing cylinder C from the hydraulic buffer function switch to damping function, enhance the fixed rigidity of the swing arm, absorbed the vibration of the external force when finishing. Compared with the existing hydraulic buffer, this buffering method avoids the impact of the buffer and the actuator when in contact; the adjustment of the buffering speed adopts stepless speed regulation, which avoids the defect of unsmooth buffering action under segmented speed regulation; when the swing arm is in the static state of finishing work, the hydraulic buffer cylinder becomes a hydraulic damping cylinder, which enhances the static rigidity of the finisher.

[0063] 5) Start acceleration and running speed is fast, and the end buffering time and distance is short, seamless connection. The advantages of fast speed and variable speed flexibility of pneumatic, buffering and damping stiffness of hydraulic are combined together, at the same time, the weakness of weak movement stiffness of pneumatic actuator due to the compressibility of gas is avoided, and the weakness of oil leakage, fault not easy to find and complex operation of sealing element replacement of hydraulic actuator is avoided.

[0064] 6) Low operating cost and maintenance cost.

[0065] 7) It can run in the harsh working environment of the composite grinding machine, the cylinder piston rod A1 and the oil cylinder piston rod C1 are not exposed to the harsh environment of the grinding machine water mist and grinding dust, only the gear shaft A2 has an exposed part, by setting the rotary sealing ring A8 at the port, and setting the positive pressure pneumatic sealing protection, the phenomenon that the oil in the existing related technology cylinder leaks into the cavity of the gear shaft and finally leaks out from the shaft end of the gear shaft can be avoided. The positive pressure pneumatic sealing protection is automatically realized, without the need to set a special device, the pressure air enters the internal closed space of the gear rack mechanism A from the speed regulating joint B5, passes through the gap between the rack A1 and the gear shaft A2, reaches the sealing ring A8, and forms a positive pressure inside.

[0066] The various preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the application can be combined in any way, forming several different technical solutions, except for the specific description and the further limitation of one preferred or optional technical means as another technical means.

Claims

1. Multi-grinding wheel dressing device suitable for compound grinding machine, characterized by A driving cylinder, a rack and pinion mechanism, a buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder and a diamond pen swing arm mechanism are provided. The driving cylinder, rack and pinion mechanism and the buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder are distributed in sequence from bottom to top. The cylinder piston rod of the driving cylinder, the rack of the rack and pinion mechanism and the cylinder piston rod of the buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder are all vertically arranged and coaxially connected together in sequence. The swing arm side shaft end of the gear shaft of the rack and pinion mechanism is fixedly connected to the inner end of the swing arm of the diamond swing arm mechanism. The extension direction of the swing arm is perpendicular to the extension direction of the gear shaft. A diamond pen holder is provided at its outer end. One or more diamond pens are installed on the diamond pen holder. The multiple diamond pens are different diamond pens. A fast oil circuit and a slow oil circuit are provided between the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder. The orifice of the fast oil circuit in the upper chamber is lower than the upper limit position of the upper edge of the piston, and the orifice in the lower chamber is higher than the lower limit position of the lower edge of the piston. The orifice of the slow oil circuit in the upper chamber is higher than the orifice position of the fast oil circuit in the upper chamber, and the orifice in the lower chamber is lower than the orifice position of the fast oil circuit in the lower chamber. When the piston is in a large range with a certain distance from the top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder, the upper and lower chambers are connected by the fast oil circuit and the slow oil circuit at the same time. When the piston moves upward to block the orifice of the fast oil circuit in the upper chamber, the fast oil circuit is closed, and the hydraulic oil in the upper chamber flows to the lower chamber only through the slow oil circuit to realize buffering movement. After the buffering action is completed, all oil circuits of the cylinder are closed, and the piston rod of the hydraulic locking buffer and shock-absorbing cylinder is enhanced to enhance the static rigidity of the diamond pen and realize the shock-absorbing function.

2. The multi-wheel dressing device according to claim 1, characterized in that The rack and pinion mechanism is provided with a base, which is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole that intersect inside the base. The rack is arranged in the vertical through hole, and the gear shaft is arranged in the horizontal through hole, and is rotatably mounted on the base through two bearings located on both sides of the gear.

3. The multi-wheel dressing device according to claim 2, characterized in that An end cover covering the hole opening on the non-swing arm side of the transverse through hole is provided, and a sealing ring is provided between the hole opening on the swing arm side of the transverse through hole and the gear shaft.

4. The multi-wheel dressing device according to claim 2, characterized in that The upper end of the cylinder body of the driving cylinder is open and fixedly and sealedly connected to the bottom surface of the base of the gear rack mechanism. The base serves as its cylinder cover and together with the cylinder body, encloses the cavity of the driving cylinder. The speed regulating joints for connecting the inlet and outlet air of the upper and lower cavities of the cylinder are respectively installed on the side of the base and the side of the cylinder body. The base is provided with an upper cylinder cavity vent hole for connecting the upper cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed regulating joint. The cylinder body is provided with a lower cylinder cavity vent hole for connecting the lower cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed regulating joint. The inner end opening of the upper cylinder cavity vent hole is located on the top surface of the upper cylinder cavity, and the inner end opening of the lower cylinder cavity vent hole is located on the bottom surface of the lower cylinder cavity.

5. The multi-grinding wheel dressing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The slow oil circuit includes a slow main circuit and two speed-regulating slow branches for respectively connecting the two ends of the slow main circuit with the corresponding side oil chambers. An on-off valve is provided on the slow main circuit.

6. The multi-grinding wheel dressing device according to claim 5, characterized in that The on-off valve on the slow main line is a plunger valve whose opening and closing states are controlled by liquid pressure, and its control end is provided with an oil pipe joint for connecting to the control oil circuit.

7. The multi-grinding wheel dressing device according to claim 5, characterized in that The speed regulating slow branch is provided with a speed regulating valve for regulating flow rate / flow resistance.

8. The multi-grinding wheel dressing device according to claim 5, characterized in that The slow oil circuit is provided with a one-way slow branch parallel to the speed regulating slow branch, and the one-way slow branch is provided with a one-way valve, which is a one-way valve that allows flow from the slow main circuit to the corresponding slow branch.

9. A compound grinding machine, comprising a grinding machine body, wherein the grinding machine body is provided with a work table and a grinding wheel frame, wherein the work table is provided with a headstock and a center frame for placing a workpiece, and wherein the grinding wheel frame is provided with one or more grinding wheels, characterized in that A grinding wheel dressing device is also provided. The grinding wheel dressing device adopts the multi-grinding wheel dressing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and is arranged on the rear side of the grinding machine body.

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