Long tunnel full-process mechanized synchronous construction method and system thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to long tunnel engineering technical field, especially relate to a kind of long tunnel full-process mechanization synchronous construction method and system, comprising the following steps: using TBM tunneling machine in tunnel bottom from slope bottom to slope top direction slope excavation through lower pilot hole;From slope top to slope bottom direction reverse drilling and blasting expansion excavate tunnel main hole;Drilling and blasting expansion whole process uses mechanized equipment synchronous operation.The present application is formed by organic integration of drilling and blasting method and TBM tunneling machine method, plays its respective advantages, takes the long and short, and innovates research to form a kind of new construction method with high construction efficiency, high safety guarantee and high degree of mechanization and automation, effectively solve the problems such as ventilation, drainage, adverse geology, construction interference and other problems of drilling and blasting method single heading, and develop multiple multifunctional tooling equipment, form complete integrated technology and management achievements.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of long and large tunnel engineering, and in particular to a long and large tunnel full-process mechanized synchronous construction method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current construction methods of long and large tunnels in China mainly include the drill and blast method and the TBM tunnel boring machine method, wherein the two methods have the following disadvantages:

[0003] (1) Disadvantages of the drill and blast method: ① The disturbance and damage to surrounding rock are large, and tunnel overbreak and underbreak are inevitable, which not only affects the engineering quality, safety and progress of the tunnel construction, but also affects the economic benefits. ② There are many safety hazards in the drilling and blasting process, and tunnel blasting operations may cause ground subsidence, causing surrounding buildings to crack or collapse. ③ There are many workers, poor working environment, and high labor intensity of workers, and the probability of safety accidents is high. ④ Long and large tunnels often take measures such as multiple auxiliary adits, which easily damage the ecological environment and are not conducive to environmental protection. ⑤ The construction efficiency is low. ⑥ The ventilation effect is poor in the head excavation. The high-altitude tunnel has the characteristics of "high altitude, high ground stress, low temperature, low air pressure, and low oxygen", and the low ventilation efficiency, oxygen deficiency of construction personnel, and high content of toxic and harmful gases emitted by internal combustion engines during the construction stage cause poor working environment in the tunnel, greatly affecting the health of construction personnel and threatening personal safety. ⑦ The amount of fissure water in the tunnel bedrock is large, and the risk of reverse slope drainage is large, which endangers the safety of workers and equipment.

[0004] (2) Disadvantages of the TBM tunnel boring machine: ① Poor adaptability to strata. Mainly manifested in encountering faults, fracture zones, extrusion zones, water inrush and hard rock and other unfavorable strata. In recent years, a shield shell protection type boring machine has been adopted, which can excavate in soft and variable strata and also can excavate in medium-hard rock strata. ② High equipment and excavation cost. The boring machine structure is complex, and the durability of materials and parts is high, so the manufacturing price is high. ③ The excavation section is single, mainly circular. Only suitable for tunnels with the same diameter, and the versatility is low when using full section. The circular section has a larger limit waste than the horseshoe-shaped tunnel inner contour. ④ The procurement cycle of TBM equipment is long, and the auxiliary construction supporting system is complex, so it is difficult to play its advantages for short tunnels and medium and long tunnels. ⑤ TBM has requirements for construction site and transportation scheme.

[0005] The information disclosed in this BACKGROUND section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the general background of the present application, and should not be construed as recognition or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art that is already known to those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a long and large tunnel full-process mechanized synchronous construction method and system to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present application provides a long and large tunnel full-process mechanized synchronous construction method, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] A TBM tunneling machine is used to excavate a lower pilot tunnel along the slope from the slope bottom to the slope top;

[0010] A tunnel main tunnel is drilled and blasted and excavated in the reverse direction from the slope top to the slope bottom;

[0011] Mechanized equipment is used for synchronous operation during the whole drilling and blasting and excavation process.

[0012] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0013] Construction of cross tunnels, including uphill cross tunnels and downhill cross tunnels;

[0014] After the construction of the cross tunnels is completed, a 150-200m starting and receiving tunnel main tunnel is constructed, a TBM tunneling machine is used to excavate along the slope from the downhill cross tunnel to the uphill cross tunnel, and after reaching the uphill cross tunnel, the lower pilot tunnel is penetrated;

[0015] The tunnel is naturally drained along the slope during the excavation of the lower pilot tunnel, and if any unfavorable geology is found during this process, treatment measures can be taken in advance, and after the pilot tunnel is penetrated, a natural ventilation channel is formed;

[0016] After the TBM tunneling machine reaches the uphill cross tunnel, the main machine and the rear supporting system are disassembled and lifted out or continue to excavate uphill, and a continuous belt conveyor out of the spoil system is placed in the pilot tunnel, and at this time, the tunnel main tunnel is drilled and blasted and excavated in the reverse direction from the uphill cross tunnel to the downhill cross tunnel;

[0017] Mechanized equipment is used for synchronous operation during the whole drilling and blasting and excavation process of the tunnel main tunnel;

[0018] The side walls of the water ditch and the groove cover plates are constructed by prefabrication and assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the drilling and blasting and excavation of the tunnel main tunnel in the reverse direction from the uphill cross tunnel to the downhill cross tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0020] A three-arm rock drilling jumbo is used for drilling and blasting;

[0021] The continuous belt conveyor out of the spoil system provided by the TBM tunneling machine is withdrawn, the drilling and blasting spoil is separated from the lining operation, and mutual interference is avoided;

[0022] A portal arch support installation trolley is used to quickly install a steel arch;

[0023] A trestle support system is used to construct an inverted arch.

[0024] The steel bar waterproof board trolley is used for laying waterproof boards and assembling side wall steel bar cages in the tunnel main hole.

[0025] The side wall formwork trolley is used for pouring side wall concrete and binding vault steel bars in the tunnel main hole.

[0026] The vault and groove combined formwork trolley is used for pouring vault and groove concrete in the tunnel main hole.

[0027] The present application provides a system for the full-process mechanized synchronous construction method of the long and large tunnel, comprising a TBM tunneling machine and a drill-and-blast excavation device; the TBM tunneling machine is used for tunneling through a downward pilot tunnel to an upward pilot tunnel in a slope direction; and the drill-and-blast excavation device is used for drilling and blasting a tunnel main hole in a reverse direction from the upward pilot tunnel to the downward pilot tunnel.

[0028] Preferably, the drill-and-blast excavation device comprises:

[0029] A three-arm rock drilling rig is used for drilling and blasting in the tunnel main hole.

[0030] A portal arch installation trolley is used for quickly installing a steel arch in the tunnel main hole.

[0031] A trestle support system is used for constructing a inverted arch in the tunnel main hole.

[0032] The steel bar waterproof board trolley is used for laying waterproof boards and assembling side wall steel bar cages in the tunnel main hole.

[0033] The side wall formwork trolley is used for pouring side wall concrete and binding vault steel bars in the tunnel main hole.

[0034] The vault and groove combined formwork trolley is used for pouring vault and groove concrete in the tunnel main hole.

[0035] By adopting the technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present application organically combines the drill-and-blast method and the TBM tunneling machine method, takes their advantages and makes up for their shortcomings, and forms a new construction method with high construction efficiency, high safety guarantee and high degree of mechanization and automation, effectively solves the problems of ventilation, drainage, adverse geology and construction interference in the drill-and-blast method, and develops multiple sets of multifunctional tooling equipment, forms a complete integrated technology and management result.

[0037] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying description. According to the description and claims, other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 A tunnel plane schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 A tunnel longitudinal section schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 A continuous construction schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 4 A primary masonry section schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 5 A TBM tunneling section schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 6 A large-section tunnel expansion schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 7 A side wall formwork trolley schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 8 A crown formwork trolley schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] In the drawings, the same symbols indicate the same elements, wherein:

[0048] 1 - Down ramp cross tunnel; 2 - Mid-slope cross tunnel; 3 - Up ramp cross tunnel; 4 - Belt conveyor muck discharge system; 5 - Poor geology; 6 - Three-arm drill jumbo; 7 - Portal arch installation trolley; 8 - Viaduct support system; 9 - Side wall formwork trolley; 10 - Crown formwork trolley; 11 - Large-section tunnel. Embodiment

[0049] The embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the drawings are used to exemplarily illustrate the principles of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application is not limited to the preferred embodiments described, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims.

[0050] The above summary of the application is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or implementation of the present application. The following description more particularly exemplifies the illustrative embodiments. Throughout this application, guidance is provided by way of various examples, which can be used in various combinations. In each instance, the recited list serves only as representative of a more general class, and is not to be construed as restating limitations as to any single implementation.

[0051] For a better understanding of the present application, reference will be made to the following detailed description of embodiments according to the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Embodiments

[0052] In conjunction Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present embodiment provides a long and large tunnel full-process mechanized synchronous construction method, which comprises the following steps: using a TBM tunneling machine to excavate a pilot tunnel along a slope from a slope bottom to a slope top; drilling and blasting to excavate a main tunnel in a reverse direction from the slope top to the slope bottom; and using a mechanized equipment for synchronous operation during the whole process of drilling and blasting excavation.

[0053] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0054] Excavating a cross tunnel, including an up-ramp cross tunnel 3 and a down-ramp cross tunnel 1 arranged along the tunnel;

[0055] After the cross tunnel is constructed, a 150-200m main tunnel (see large cross-section tunnel 11) is constructed, and a TBM tunneling machine (small cross-section TBM tunneling machine) is used to excavate from the down-ramp cross tunnel 1 to the up-ramp cross tunnel 3, and after reaching the up-ramp cross tunnel 3, the pilot tunnel is penetrated; specifically, as shown, Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the TBM tunneling machine is excavated from the left and right down-ramp cross tunnels 1, the left TBM tunneling machine is excavated towards the up-ramp cross tunnel 3, and the right TBM tunneling machine is excavated through the middle-ramp cross tunnel 2 towards the up-ramp cross tunnel 3.

[0056] During the excavation of the pilot tunnel, the tunnel is naturally drained along the slope, and if any adverse geology 5 is found, it can be treated in advance, and after the pilot tunnel is penetrated, a natural ventilation channel is formed; and after the adverse geology 5 is treated, good conditions are created for the excavation of the main tunnel.

[0057] After the TBM tunneling machine reaches the up-ramp cross tunnel 3, the main machine and the rear supporting device are disassembled and lifted out, and the continuous belt conveyor and the muck removal system 4 are placed in the pilot tunnel, and at this time, the main tunnel is drilled and blasted in a reverse direction from the up-ramp to the down-ramp.

[0058] The drilling and blasting method is used for expanding the tunnel main hole in the whole process. Preferably, the drilling and blasting method for expanding the tunnel main hole from the uphill to the downhill includes the following steps: drilling and blasting by using a three-arm rock drilling rig 6; exiting the spoil by a continuous belt conveyor system 4 provided by the TBM tunneling machine; quickly installing the steel arch by using a portal arch installation trolley 7; constructing the inverted arch by using a trestle support system 8; applying the waterproof board and assembling the side wall reinforcement cage by using a steel reinforcement waterproof board trolley; pouring the side wall concrete and binding the arch reinforcement by using a side wall formwork trolley 9; pouring the arch top and groove concrete by using an arch top and groove combined formwork trolley 10.

[0059] The water ditch side wall and the groove cover plate are constructed by using the prefabricated assembly method. Embodiment

[0060] The application provides a system for constructing a long and large tunnel by using a full-process mechanized synchronous construction method, which comprises a TBM tunneling machine and a drilling and blasting expansion equipment; the TBM tunneling machine is used for tunneling through a pilot tunnel along a slope from a downhill to an uphill; and the drilling and blasting expansion equipment is used for drilling and blasting to expand a tunnel main hole from the uphill to the downhill.

[0061] Preferably, the drilling and blasting expansion equipment comprises:

[0062] a three-arm rock drilling rig 6, which is used for drilling and blasting in the tunnel main hole;

[0063] a portal arch installation trolley 7, which is used for quickly installing the steel arch in the tunnel main hole;

[0064] a trestle support system 8, which is used for constructing the inverted arch in the tunnel main hole;

[0065] a steel reinforcement waterproof board trolley, which is used for applying the waterproof board and assembling the side wall reinforcement cage in the tunnel main hole;

[0066] a side wall formwork trolley 9, which is used for pouring the side wall concrete and binding the arch reinforcement in the tunnel main hole;

[0067] an arch top and groove combined formwork trolley, which is used for pouring the arch top and groove concrete in the tunnel main hole.

[0068] In summary, the embodiment combines the drilling and blasting method with the TBM tunneling machine method, takes the advantages and makes up the disadvantages of the two methods, and forms a new construction method with high construction efficiency, high safety guarantee and high degree of mechanization and automation. The problems of ventilation, drainage, adverse geology, construction interference and the like in the single-head tunneling by using the drilling and blasting method are solved, and multiple sets of multifunctional tooling equipment are developed to form a complete integrated technology and management result.

[0069] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for full-process mechanized simultaneous construction of a long and large tunnel, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: using a TBM tunneling machine to excavate a through lower pilot tunnel along the slope from the slope bottom to the slope top; Reversely drilling and blasting to excavate the tunnel main tunnel from the slope top to the slope bottom; It comprises the following steps: Constructing the cross tunnels, including the uphill cross tunnel and the downhill cross tunnel; After the cross tunnels are constructed, the 150-200m starting and receiving tunnel main tunnels are constructed, using the TBM tunneling machine to excavate from the downhill cross tunnel to the uphill cross tunnel, and after reaching the uphill cross tunnel, the lower pilot tunnel is excavated through; During the excavation of the lower pilot tunnel, the tunnel is naturally drained along the slope, and if any unfavorable geological conditions are found, they can be treated in advance, and after the lower pilot tunnel is excavated through, a natural ventilation channel is formed; After the TBM tunneling machine reaches the uphill cross tunnel, the main machine and the rear supporting system are disassembled and lifted out or continue to excavate uphill, and the continuous belt conveyor out of the spoil system is placed in the pilot tunnel, and at this time, the tunnel main tunnel is reversely drilled and blasted from the uphill cross tunnel to the downhill cross tunnel, including: using a three-arm rock drilling jumbo to drill and blast; the continuous belt conveyor out of the spoil system provided by the TBM tunneling machine is withdrawn, the drilling and blasting spoil is separated from the lining work to avoid mutual interference; the portal arch installation trolley quickly installs the steel arch; the trestle support system constructs the inverted arch; the steel reinforcement waterproof board trolley constructs the waterproof board and assembles the side wall reinforcement cage; the side wall formwork trolley pours the side wall concrete and binds the arch reinforcement; the arch top and groove combined formwork trolley pours the arch top and groove concrete; The drilling and blasting excavation of the tunnel main tunnel is carried out using a mechanized equipment synchronous operation; The side walls of the water ditch and the groove cover plates are constructed using a prefabricated assembly method.

2. A system for the full process mechanized simultaneous construction of long tunnels according to the method of claim 1, characterized by, It comprises: a TBM tunneling machine and a drilling and blasting excavation device; the TBM tunneling machine is used to excavate a through lower pilot tunnel along the slope from the tunnel downhill to the uphill; the drilling and blasting excavation device is used to reversely drill and blast to excavate the tunnel main tunnel from the tunnel uphill to the downhill.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein, The drilling and blasting excavation device comprises: a three-arm rock drilling jumbo for drilling and blasting in the tunnel main tunnel; a portal arch installation trolley for quickly installing a steel arch in the tunnel main tunnel; a trestle support system for constructing an inverted arch in the tunnel main tunnel; a steel reinforcement waterproof board trolley for constructing a waterproof board and assembling a side wall reinforcement cage in the tunnel main tunnel; a side wall formwork trolley for pouring side wall concrete and binding arch reinforcement in the tunnel main tunnel; an arch top and groove combined formwork trolley for pouring arch top and groove concrete in the tunnel main tunnel.

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