A radial synthesizer based on E-plane

Abstract

The present invention provides a radial synthesizer based on E-plane, including a radial power synthesizer and a distributor and a power amplifier, wherein the synthesizer includes a radial combining unit, a combining step waveguide unit, a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit, and a coaxial to ridge waveguide unit; the combining rectangular branch structure is arranged radially symmetrically with the axis of the combining cylindrical waveguide as the axis; a portion between two adjacent combining rectangular branch structures is covered by a third combining cylindrical waveguide; the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit is used to receive a radio frequency signal, and transmit the signal to the combining step waveguide unit by means of a microstrip to waveguide; the combining step waveguide unit is used to convert the vertically transmitted signal transmission to the horizontal direction and transmit it to the combining rectangular branch structure. The overall structure of the whole machine has a high symmetry, resulting in a high degree of symmetry of the electromagnetic field in the transmission direction, so that the loss of the synthesizer is low, and secondly, the isolation between the branch structures is good, and no additional isolator is required, which can reduce the manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to an E-plane-based radial synthesizer. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the electronic information industry, the communication industry is developing rapidly. In the field of satellite communications, the requirements for the transmission system are getting higher and higher, and the power synthesis technology needs to meet the needs of its system;

[0003] Satellite communications are widely used in national defense construction, personal mobile communications, aerospace communications and other broad fields. Due to the limitations of process and heat dissipation conditions, the commonly used single power amplifier tube is far from meeting the power requirements of modern power amplifiers, and power synthesis has become a necessary condition for high-power power amplifiers. High-power power amplifiers have longer transmission distances and larger information capacity with large bandwidths. The demand for high power and large bandwidth is a development trend. The commonly used power synthesis methods are planar binary synthesis, spatial power synthesis, and radial waveguide synthesis.

[0004] Planar binary synthesis usually uses microstrip lines to transmit RF signals. To achieve ultra-wideband design, multiple impedance transformations are required. Microstrip lines require longer line lengths, which will increase conductor loss and dielectric loss. As the number of synthesis increases, the traditional planar synthesis loss is too large, which limits the use of high-power synthesis methods.

[0005] Spatial power synthesis is based on the design technology of low-loss broadband waveguide fin antenna array. Since broadband matching circuits usually use multi-stage matching to widen the bandwidth, a long transmission line is required when the frequency band is very wide. In addition, the spatial power synthesis of waveguide fin antenna array has poor isolation between channels, limited heat dissipation methods and working bandwidth, which limits the use of broadband high-power synthesis methods.

[0006] Radial waveguide power synthesis refers to the power synthesis of multiple microwave signals in the space within the waveguide cavity, which fully utilizes the characteristics of low waveguide loss and the advantages of flexible waveguide impedance transformation to achieve multi-channel and high-efficiency power synthesis. However, the previous radial waveguide synthesizer technology has the following disadvantages:

[0007] 1. The isolation between channels is poor and the standing wave of the sub-port is poor. To solve this problem, isolators have to be used when connecting the power amplifier units to avoid crosstalk and self-excitation. This reduces the efficiency of power amplifier synthesis and is not conducive to high-power power amplifier synthesis.

[0008] 2. Most high-power amplifier units have to use E-plane synthesis due to heat dissipation restrictions. When the H-plane-based radial waveguide synthesizer is connected to the amplifier unit, it is necessary to perform H-plane to E-plane conversion, so there will be a superposition of E-plane plus H-plane in the height direction. When the power amplifier works in the frequency band below ka, due to the large size of the waveguide, the H-plane-based radial waveguide synthesizer is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration trend required by the market, so it is limited to a certain extent in the communication field. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a radial combiner based on E-plane to solve the problems that the existing radial waveguide combiner has poor isolation effect and the application scope of the radial waveguide combiner based on H-plane is limited.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an E-plane-based radial synthesizer, comprising a radial power divider, a radial power synthesizer, and a plurality of power amplifiers; the radial power divider comprises a coaxial receiving unit, a waveguide-to-coaxial unit, a radial branching unit, a branching step waveguide unit, and a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit; the coaxial receiving unit is used to receive a signal and transmit the signal to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit; the waveguide-to-coaxial unit is used to transmit the signal to the radial combining unit; the radial branching unit comprises at least a first branch cylindrical waveguide, a second branch cylindrical waveguide, and a third branch cylindrical waveguide coaxially arranged, and a plurality of branch rectangular branch structures; each branch rectangular branch structure is radially symmetrically arranged with the axis of the branch cylindrical waveguide as the axis, and is composed of the first branch rectangular waveguide. The invention relates to a method for transmitting the optical fiber of a radial branching unit to a microstrip optical fiber. The method comprises the following steps: a first branching rectangular waveguide branch and a second branching rectangular waveguide branch; in each branching rectangular branch structure, the first branching rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the branching cylindrical waveguide than the second branching rectangular waveguide branch; a portion between two adjacent branching rectangular branch structures is covered by the third branching cylindrical waveguide; each branching rectangular branch structure is connected to a branching step waveguide unit and a waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit at one end away from the branching cylindrical waveguide; the radial branching unit receives a signal from the coaxial unit, and the signal is divided into a plurality of branch signals after passing through the first branching cylindrical waveguide, the second branching cylindrical waveguide and the third branching cylindrical waveguide in sequence, and each branch signal is transmitted to one branching rectangular branch structure respectively; the signal transmitted by each branching rectangular branch structure is transmitted to A branching step waveguide unit; the branching step waveguide unit is used to convert the horizontally transmitted signal to the vertical direction and transmit it to the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit; the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit is used to output the received signal to the power amplifier by means of waveguide to microstrip; the power amplifier is used to amplify the received branch signal and transmit the amplified branch signal to the radial power synthesizer; the radial power synthesizer includes a radial combining unit, a combining step waveguide unit, a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit, and a coaxial to ridge waveguide unit; the radial combining unit at least includes a first combining cylindrical waveguide, a second combining cylindrical waveguide and a third combining cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures; each combining rectangular branch structure is composed of a combining cylindrical waveguide The axis is arranged symmetrically along the axis and radially, and is composed of a first combining rectangular waveguide branch and a second combining rectangular waveguide branch; in each combining rectangular branch structure, the position of the first combining rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the combining cylindrical waveguide than the second combining rectangular waveguide branch; a portion between two adjacent combining rectangular branch structures is covered by the third combining cylindrical waveguide; each combining rectangular branch structure is connected to a combining step waveguide unit and a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit at one end away from the combining cylindrical waveguide; the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit is used to receive radio frequency signals and transmit the signals to the combining step waveguide unit by means of microstrip to waveguide; the combining step waveguide unit is used to convert the vertically transmitted signal transmission to the horizontal direction and transmit it to the combining rectangular branch structure;The signals transmitted by each combined rectangular branch structure are combined into one signal at the combined cylindrical waveguide, and are sequentially transmitted to the coaxial ridge waveguide unit after passing through the third combined cylindrical waveguide, the second combined cylindrical waveguide and the first combined cylindrical waveguide; the coaxial ridge waveguide unit is coaxially arranged with the combined cylindrical waveguide, and is used to convert the coaxial signal combined by the radial combining unit into a standard rectangular waveguide and output it. ;

[0012] The present invention provides a radial synthesizer complete machine. In order to solve the limitation brought by the synthesizer based on the H plane, the radial power synthesizer and the distributor included in the radial synthesizer complete machine are both designed based on the E plane. Taking the power synthesizer as an example, it includes a radial combining unit composed of a completely symmetrical combining rectangular branch structure and a plurality of symmetrical cylindrical waveguides, a coaxial ridge waveguide unit connected to the radial combining unit, and a combining step waveguide unit and a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit connected to each combining rectangular branch structure. Each combining rectangular branch structure receives a signal, and through the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit, the electromagnetic field is synthesized in the waveguide and then propagated. Through the microstrip to waveguide mode, the conversion of electromagnetic propagation from plane to space can be realized, and the advantage of good heat dissipation of planar electromagnetic propagation can be inherited, and it is also conducive to integration with an external driving stage circuit, so as to realize high integration within a small volume range, and the combining step waveguide unit converts the vertically transmitted signal into horizontal transmission, effectively realizing the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode transmission of broadband working bandwidth. The signal of each combined rectangular branch structure is synthesized into one signal, which is input into the coaxial ridge waveguide unit after the combined cylindrical waveguide. The coaxial ridge waveguide unit realizes the conversion of the coaxial waveguide mode from the TEM mode of the coaxial line to the TE10 mode of the waveguide by means of E-surface excitation. The whole structure of the radial synthesizer provided by the present invention has a high symmetry, resulting in the electromagnetic field having a high degree of symmetry in the transmission direction, which is not affected by the change of the electromagnetic field during the TEM wave transmission process, so that the loss of the whole machine is low, and at the same time, the phases of each branch port are the same and the amplitudes are equal during power synthesis / distribution. Parts of the adjacent rectangular branch structures are covered by the third cylindrical waveguide, thereby realizing the isolation ports between the rectangular branch structures, making the port isolation between the rectangular branch structures higher and independent of each other. When a power amplifier is damaged, the remaining power amplifiers can still work normally. The output power of the radial power synthesizer only decreases by a certain proportion, which improves the stability and reliability of the whole machine. The whole machine does not need to be additionally isolator, which reduces the production cost.

[0013] Furthermore, the coaxial ridge-turned waveguide unit includes a coaxial metal cylinder, three-level metal steps and a standard waveguide connected in sequence.

[0014] The combined coaxial signal passing through the cylindrical waveguide is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide after passing through the coaxial metal cylinder, three-level metal steps and standard waveguide in sequence, completing the conversion between TEM mode and TM10 mode. The coaxial ridge waveguide unit of this structure has low loss, wide bandwidth and compact structure, which can be easily processed in an integrated manner.

[0015] Furthermore, the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit includes a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

[0016] The input signal first enters through the microstrip probe unit, then enters the 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity through the microstrip probe unit, and finally enters the standard waveguide for synthesis and output. The microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit inserts the microstrip probe unit deep into the standard waveguide, and synthesizes the electromagnetic field in the waveguide and propagates it through the microstrip to waveguide method. The insertion loss of the electromagnetic field propagating in the waveguide is very small. Through the microstrip to waveguide method, it can not only realize the conversion of electromagnetic propagation from plane to space, but also inherit the advantages of good heat dissipation of planar electromagnetic propagation, and it is also conducive to integration with the external driver circuit, thereby achieving high integration within a small volume.

[0017] Furthermore, the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit includes a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

[0018] Furthermore, the combining step waveguide unit and the branching step waveguide unit are both composed of three-level step waveguides.

[0019] In the combined step waveguide unit, the input signal enters the highest-level step waveguide vertically, passes through the three-level step waveguide input combined rectangular branch structure, and is converted to horizontal transmission in the combined rectangular branch structure. By adjusting the three-level step waveguide, the rectangular waveguide with broadband working bandwidth can be effectively transmitted in TE10 mode.

[0020] Furthermore, the radial combining unit further includes a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

[0021] The signal does not pass through the fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and the fifth combining cylindrical waveguide during transmission, but the setting of the radius length and height of the fourth and fifth combining cylindrical waveguides can improve the matching of the entire radial combining unit and eliminate the influence of high-order modes in the rectangular waveguide and coaxial ridge waveguide units.

[0022] Furthermore, the radial branching unit also includes a fourth branching cylindrical waveguide and a fifth branching cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

[0023] Furthermore, the coaxial metal cylinder includes a first combined cylinder, a second combined cylinder and a combined air cavity; the width of the second combined cylinder is the same as that of the combined air cavity, and a first combined cylinder is spaced between the combined air cavity and the second combined cylinder.

[0024] Furthermore, the waveguide-to-coaxial unit includes a first branch cylinder, a second branch cylinder and a branch air cavity; the width of the second branch cylinder is the same as that of the branch air cavity, and a first branch cylinder is spaced between the branch air cavity and the second branch cylinder.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention provides a radial synthesizer based on the E-plane. In the radial power divider, the signal is transmitted to the TE10 mode transmitted in the space to the waveguide-to-microstrip unit through a step change. After the signal is amplified by a power amplifier with equal amplitude and phase, it is transmitted through the microstrip-to-waveguide unit into a combined rectangular branch structure. In order to achieve large bandwidth transmission, it enters a highly symmetrical radial power synthesizer after passing through the combined step waveguide unit. Finally, in the radial power synthesizer, a larger power is output after being processed in the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide unit. Since most of the entire transmission is completed in the radial waveguide, its synthesis efficiency is relatively high. Since the radial power synthesizer and the radial power divider are both equipped with high isolation units, when a power amplifier is damaged, the remaining power amplifiers can still work normally, and the output power of the radial power synthesizer only decreases according to a certain proportion, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the whole machine. At the same time, signal isolation also achieves good port matching, making multi-channel high-efficiency power synthesis more stable and reliable. Since both the radial power synthesizer and radial power divider use E-plane synthesis / distribution units, they have great advantages in integration and miniaturization, and can be directly integrated with the subsequent circuit on the same plane. The whole machine reduces the external isolator, which can effectively shorten the size of the whole machine and improve the efficiency of the power amplifier, and also has great competitive advantages in economic cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the radial synthesizer based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the radial synthesizer based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the radial power combiner based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the radial power combiner based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is another back structural schematic diagram of the radial power combiner based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial metal cylinder 303 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the isolation of each combining rectangular branch structure 400 of the power combiner in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of return loss at the common end of the power combiner in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the radial power divider based on the E-plane in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waveguide to coaxial unit 20 and the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the waveguide to coaxial unit 20 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of signal transmission of the radial synthesizer based on the E-plane in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The drawings of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; it is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] This embodiment provides a radial synthesizer based on the E-plane. Figures 1-2 As shown, the radial combiner includes a radial power combiner 1 based on an E-plane, a radial power divider 2 based on an E-plane, and several power amplifiers ( Figure 1 , 2 The location of each power amplifier will be as shown in Figure 2 The A indicated in the figure is located at the signal connection point between the radial power divider 2 and the radial power combiner 1, and is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the radial power divider 2 and input it into the radial power combiner 1.

[0042] The radial power combiner includes a radial combining unit 100 , a coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300 , a combining step waveguide unit 500 , and a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit 600 .

[0043] like Figure 3As shown, the radial combining unit 100 at least includes a first combining cylindrical waveguide 101 , a second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and a third combining cylindrical waveguide 103 which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures 400 .

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the radial combining unit 100 further includes a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide 201 and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide 202 which are coaxially arranged.

[0045] Each combined rectangular branch structure 400 is radially symmetrically arranged around the axis of the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 , the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102 or the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 , and consists of a first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 and a second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 .

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, in each combined rectangular branch structure 400 , the first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 is located closer to the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 , the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102 and the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 than the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 .

[0047] Part of the space between two adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400 is covered by the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103. Figure 1 The dashed box shows ( Figure 3 The coverage between the adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400 and the third combined cylindrical waveguide 303 is not shown). The adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400 are partially covered by the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, so that the isolated ports between the combined rectangular branch structures 400 are realized, so that the port isolation between the combined rectangular branch structures 400 is higher and independent of each other.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, there are 8 combined rectangular branch structures 400, and they are all arranged radially symmetrically with the axis of the combined cylindrical waveguide as the axis. The first combined cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102, the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, the fourth combined cylindrical waveguide 201 and the fifth combined cylindrical waveguide 202 together form a radial combined cylinder.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300 is coaxially arranged with the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, and is used to convert the coaxial signal synthesized by the radial combining unit 100 into a standard rectangular waveguide and output it.

[0050] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, the coaxial ridge-turned waveguide unit 300 is composed of a standard rectangular waveguide 301, a three-level metal step 302, and a coaxial metal cylinder 303. In a specific implementation, the standard rectangular waveguide 301 is a standard WR159 waveguide.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the coaxial metal cylinder 303 is composed of a first combined cylinder 3031, a second combined cylinder 3032 and a combined air cavity 3033, wherein the width of the second combined cylinder 3032 is the same as that of the combined air cavity 3033, and the combined air cavity 3033 and the second combined cylinder 3032 are separated by a first combined cylinder 3031. Figure 4 The oblique line shading indicates that, in a specific implementation, the resistance of the first combining cylinder 3031 is 50 ohms.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, each combined rectangular branch structure 400 is connected to a combined step waveguide unit 500 and a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit 600 at one end away from the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 , the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102 or the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 .

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the combined step waveguide unit 500 is used to convert the vertically transmitted signal transmission to the horizontal direction and transmit it to the combined rectangular branch structure, such as Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the combining step waveguide unit 500 is composed of three-level step waveguides, namely a first-level step waveguide 501 , a second-level step waveguide 502 and a third-level step waveguide 503 .

[0054] The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600 is used to receive radio frequency signals and transmit the signals to the combined step waveguide unit 500 by means of microstrip-to-waveguide conversion. Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit 600 is composed of a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 601, a microstrip probe unit 602, and a standard waveguide 603. In a specific implementation, the standard waveguide 603 is a standard WR159 waveguide.

[0055] In the radial power combiner based on the E-plane, the signal flows as follows:

[0056] The input signal is generally a power-amplified RF signal, which first enters through the microstrip probe unit 602, then enters the 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 601 through the microstrip probe unit 602, and finally enters the standard waveguide 603 to be synthesized and vertically output to the combined step waveguide unit 500.

[0057] The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600 inserts the microstrip probe unit 602 into the standard waveguide 603, and synthesizes the electromagnetic field in the waveguide and propagates it through the microstrip-to-waveguide method. The insertion loss of the electromagnetic field in the waveguide is very small. Through the microstrip-to-waveguide method, it can not only realize the conversion of electromagnetic propagation from plane to space, but also inherit the advantage of good heat dissipation of planar electromagnetic propagation, and is also conducive to integration with the external driver circuit, thereby achieving high integration within a small volume.

[0058] In the combined step waveguide unit 500, the signal is vertically transmitted to the third-level step waveguide 503, and sequentially transmitted through the third-level step waveguide 503, the second-level step waveguide 502 and the first-level step waveguide 501, and after reaching the first-level step waveguide 501, it is turned to the horizontal direction and transmitted to the combined rectangular branch structure 400. The adjustment of the three-level step waveguide can effectively realize the transmission of the rectangular waveguide with a broadband working bandwidth in the TE10 mode.

[0059] In the combined rectangular branch structure 400 , signals are sequentially input into the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 and the first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 . The signals transmitted through the rectangular branch structure 400 are combined into one signal in the combined cylindrical waveguide and input into the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 .

[0060] The signal is transmitted to the coaxial ridge-turned waveguide unit 300 after sequentially passing through the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 , the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102 and the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 .

[0061] In the specific implementation process, when selecting the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, its height is determined to meet the half length of the minimum working wavelength of the power combiner, so that the main mode is the TM00 mode when the electromagnetic field passes through the cylindrical waveguide, and the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 can determine the working mode of the power combiner. Selecting its height to be less than the normal working wavelength can effectively suppress high-order modes. The radius length and height of the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102, the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, the fourth combined cylindrical waveguide 201 and the fifth combined cylindrical waveguide 202 can improve the matching of the entire radial combined cylinder, and eliminate the influence of the high-order modes in the rectangular waveguide and the coaxial metal cylinder 303.

[0062] Since adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400 are partially covered by the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, isolated ports between the combined rectangular branch structures 400 are realized, so that the port isolation between the combined rectangular branch structures 400 is higher and independent of each other, so that the entire power combiner does not need to add an additional isolator, such as Figure 7The figure shows the isolation degree of each combined rectangular branch structure 400 of the power combiner provided by the present embodiment. At the same time, when a power amplifier unit used to cooperate with the power combiner is damaged, the remaining power amplifier units used to cooperate with the power combiner can still work normally, and the output power of the power combiner only decreases at a certain ratio, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the power combiner. In addition, since no additional isolator is required, the combiner has higher efficiency and lower manufacturing cost.

[0063] Adjusting the radius of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, the width and length of the first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401, and the width of the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 can effectively determine the operating frequency of the power combiner. The first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 determines the transmission wavelength in the rectangular waveguide. Properly adjusting its width and length can reduce the influence of the mode change of the wide waveguide connecting the narrow waveguide, and can also increase the wavelength of the lower frequency band. In this embodiment, the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 is a standard working wavelength waveguide.

[0064] In the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide unit 300 , the combined coaxial signal outputted from the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 sequentially passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303 , the three-level metal step 302 , and the standard waveguide 301 , and then is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide and outputted.

[0065] When the signal passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, it is transmitted along the surface of the first combining cylinder 3031 to the second combining cylinder 3032. The first combining cylinder 3031 is a waveguide to coaxial, and the electromagnetic field excites an ideal TEM wave. When the signal is output through the standard waveguide 301, the conversion between the TEM mode and the TM10 mode is completed. In the coaxial to ridge waveguide unit 300, the ridge waveguide conversion is mainly mode conversion and impedance matching, and the main mode of the ridge waveguide is the TE10 mode.

[0066] The first combining cylinder 3031 in the coaxial metal cylinder 303 determines the minimum power capacity of the power combiner. Figure 4 As shown, appropriately increasing the radius of the first combining cylinder 3031 in the oblique line shaded portion can increase the power capacity, and selecting a low-loss dielectric material (such as gold-plated surface) can effectively reduce the loss of the skin effect during transmission. The coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300 of this structure has low loss, wide bandwidth and compact structure, and can be easily processed in an integrated manner.

[0067] When the TEM wave passes through the connection of the standard waveguide 301, a large change in the electromagnetic field will occur. However, since the radial combining unit 100 has several completely symmetrical combining rectangular branch structures 400 and multiple symmetrical cylindrical waveguides, its electromagnetic field has a high degree of symmetry in the transmission direction, so that when power is combined, the phases and amplitudes of each combining rectangular branch structure 400 are the same and equal, and are not affected by the change in the electromagnetic field, helping the entire combiner to achieve lower losses.

[0068] The radial power combiner in the whole machine provided in this embodiment divides the input signal into multiple signals with consistent amplitude and phase through the symmetrically structured combining rectangular branch structures 400, and realizes high-efficiency, low-loss and high-power capacity power distribution through combining cylindrical waveguides, while effectively suppressing high-order modes. Adjacent combining rectangular branch structures 400 are partially covered by the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, thereby realizing isolated ports between the combining rectangular branch structures 400, making the port isolation between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 higher, effectively suppressing the signal reflection of the combining rectangular branch structures 400, solving the return loss of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 and the signal crosstalk between the combining rectangular branch structures 400, and making the multi-channel high-efficiency power synthesis more stable and reliable, such as Figure 8 The figure shows the return loss diagram of the common end of the power combiner provided in this embodiment. The combiner reduces the setting of the external isolator, which can effectively shorten the size of the whole machine and improve the efficiency of the power amplifier, and has a great competitive advantage in economic cost. Since the power combiner adopts the E-plane combining unit, it has great advantages in integration and miniaturization, and can be directly integrated with the subsequent circuit on the same plane.

[0069] Figures 9-10 As shown, the E-plane based radial power divider includes a coaxial receiving unit 10, a waveguide to coaxial unit 20, a radial branching unit 30, a branching step waveguide unit 50 and a waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60.

[0070] like Fig.10 As shown, the coaxial receiving unit 10 is used to receive signals and transmit the signals to the waveguide to coaxial unit 20. In a specific implementation, since the power of the common end of the power divider is relatively large, theoretically 50 to 110 W, in order to ensure its safe and reliable transmission, an SMA high-power connector to coaxial probe is used as the coaxial receiving unit 10.

[0071] The waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 is used to transmit the signal to the radial combining unit 30. Fig.11As shown, the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 comprises a first branch cylinder 201, a second branch cylinder 202 and a branch air cavity 203. The width of the second branch cylinder 202 is the same as that of the branch air cavity 203. The first branch cylinder 201 is spaced between the branch air cavity 203 and the second branch cylinder 202. Fig.11 The oblique line shading indicates that, in a specific implementation, the resistance of the first shunt cylinder 201 is 50 ohms.

[0072] like Figures 9-10 As shown, the radial branching unit 30 at least includes a first branch cylindrical waveguide 31, a second branch cylindrical waveguide 32 and a third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of branch rectangular branch structures 40. Each branch rectangular branch structure 40 is arranged radially symmetrically with the axis of the first branch cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branch cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 as the axis, and is composed of a first branch rectangular waveguide branch 41 and a second branch rectangular waveguide branch 42.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, Fig. 9 As shown, the number of the branching rectangular branch structures 40 is 8, and they are all arranged radially symmetrically with the axis of the branching cylindrical waveguide as the axis. Figures 1-2 As shown, the number of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 of the radial power combiner 1 is the same as the number of the branching rectangular branch structures 40 of the radial power divider 2, and the positions are corresponding. Each branching rectangular branch structure 40 and the combining rectangular branch structure 400 corresponds to a power amplifier.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the radial branching unit 30 further comprises a coaxially arranged fourth branch cylindrical waveguide 34 and a fifth branch cylindrical waveguide 35. The first branch cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branch cylindrical waveguide 32, the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33, the fourth branch cylindrical waveguide 34 and the fifth branch cylindrical waveguide 35 together constitute a radial branch cylinder.

[0075] In each branch rectangular branch structure 40 , the first branch rectangular waveguide branch 41 is located closer to the first branch cylindrical waveguide 31 , the second branch cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 than the second branch rectangular waveguide branch 42 .

[0076] Parts between two adjacent shunt rectangular branch structures 40 are covered by the third shunt cylindrical waveguide 33. Parts between adjacent shunt rectangular branch structures 40 are covered by the third shunt cylindrical waveguide 33, realizing isolated ports between the shunt rectangular branch structures 40, making the port isolation between the shunt rectangular branch structures 40 higher and independent of each other.

[0077] like Fig. 9As shown, each shunt rectangular branch structure 40 is connected to a shunt step waveguide unit 50 and a waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 at one end away from the shunt cylindrical waveguide.

[0078] The branching step waveguide unit 50 is used to convert the horizontally transmitted signal into a vertical direction and transmit it to the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 .

[0079] like Fig. 9 As shown, specifically, the branching step waveguide unit 50 is composed of three-level step waveguides, namely a first step waveguide 51, a second step waveguide 52 and a third step waveguide 53.

[0080] The waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60 is used to output the received signal by converting the signal into a microstrip signal.

[0081] like Fig. 9 As shown, specifically, the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 is composed of a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 61, a microstrip probe unit 62, and a standard waveguide 63. In a specific implementation, the standard waveguide 63 is a standard WR159 waveguide.

[0082] In the radial power divider based on E-plane, the signal flows as follows:

[0083] The coaxial receiving unit 10 receives the signal and transmits the signal to the waveguide to coaxial unit 20 .

[0084] In the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 , the coaxial signal output by the coaxial receiving unit 10 is transmitted along the surface of the first branch cylinder 201 to the second branch cylinder 202 , and then transmitted to the radial branch unit 30 via the second branch cylinder 202 .

[0085] In the radial branching unit 30 , the signal is divided into a plurality of branch signals after passing through the first branch cylindrical waveguide 31 , the second branch cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 in sequence, and each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure 40 .

[0086] In the branching rectangular branch structure 40 , a signal is sequentially input to the first branching rectangular waveguide branch 41 and the second branching rectangular waveguide branch 42 , and is output to the branching step waveguide unit 50 .

[0087] In the branching step waveguide unit 50, the signal is horizontally transmitted to the first step waveguide 51, and sequentially transmitted through the first step waveguide 51, the second step waveguide 52 and the third step waveguide 53, and after reaching the third step waveguide 53, it is turned to a vertical direction and transmitted to the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60. The adjustment of the three-level step waveguide can effectively realize the transmission of the rectangular waveguide with a wide working bandwidth in the TE10 mode.

[0088] In the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 , a signal is input into a standard waveguide 63 , enters a microstrip probe unit 62 through a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 61 , and outputs a signal from the microstrip probe unit 62 .

[0089] The E-plane based radial power divider and the directional power combiner are based on the same concept, and the two are used together for signal processing, so there are the same parts in their design and principle, and the same parts will not be repeated in the description of the radial power divider.

[0090] Combination Figures 1 to 6 , 9-12, in the radial synthesizer based on the E-plane provided in this embodiment, the signal flow direction is as follows:

[0091] The signal is received by the coaxial receiving unit 10 of the radial power distributor 2 , and in the radial power distributor 2 , the coaxial receiving unit 10 transmits the received signal to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 .

[0092] The waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 transmits the signal to the radial combining unit 30. In the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20, the signal is transmitted along the surface of the first combining cylinder 201 to the second combining cylinder 202, and then transmitted to the radial branching unit 30 via the second combining cylinder 202.

[0093] In the radial branching unit 20 , the signal is divided into a plurality of branch signals after passing through the first branch cylindrical waveguide 31 , the second branch cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33 in sequence, and each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure 40 .

[0094] In the branching rectangular branch structure 40 , a signal is sequentially input to the first branching rectangular waveguide branch 41 and the second branching rectangular waveguide branch 42 , and is output to the branching step waveguide unit 50 .

[0095] In the branch step waveguide unit 50 , the signal is horizontally transmitted to the first step waveguide 51 , and sequentially transmitted through the first step waveguide 51 , the second step waveguide 52 , and the third step waveguide 53 , and after reaching the third step waveguide 53 , is turned to a vertical direction and transmitted to the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 .

[0096] In the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit 60 , a signal is input into a standard waveguide 63 , enters a microstrip probe unit 62 through a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 61 , and outputs a signal from the microstrip probe unit 62 to a power amplifier.

[0097] The power amplifier amplifies the power of the radio frequency signal output by the microstrip probe unit 62 and outputs it to the radial power combiner 1 .

[0098] In the radial power combiner 1, each branch signal enters from the microstrip probe unit 602 corresponding to the combining rectangular branch structure 40, enters the 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity 601 through the microstrip probe unit 602, and finally enters the standard waveguide 603 to be synthesized and output vertically to the combining step waveguide unit 500.

[0099] In the combined step waveguide unit 500, the signal is vertically transmitted to the third step waveguide 503, and sequentially transmitted through the third step waveguide 503, the second step waveguide 502 and the first step waveguide 501, and after reaching the first step waveguide 501, it is turned into a horizontal direction and transmitted to the combined rectangular branch structure 400.

[0100] In the combined rectangular branch structure 400 , signals are sequentially input into the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 and the first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 . The signals transmitted through the rectangular branch structure 400 are combined into one signal in the combined cylindrical waveguide and input into the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 .

[0101] The signal is transmitted to the coaxial ridge-turned waveguide unit 300 after sequentially passing through the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 , the second combined cylindrical waveguide 102 and the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 .

[0102] In the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide unit 300, the combined coaxial signal outputted by the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 sequentially passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, the three-level metal step 302 and the standard waveguide 301, and then is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide and outputted. When the signal passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, it is transmitted along the surface of the first combined cylinder 3031 to the second combined cylinder 3032.

[0103] This embodiment proposes an E-plane radial synthesizer. After the RF signal passes through the high-power SMA connector coaxial probe, it is transferred into the branch cylindrical waveguide. The input signal is divided into multiple signals with consistent amplitude and phase through the branch rectangular branch structure 40 with an isolated symmetrical structure (its isolation is similar to that of an external waveguide isolator), and high-efficiency, low-loss and high-power capacity power distribution is achieved through the circular waveguide, while effectively suppressing high-order modes. The high isolation (greater than 12dB) between the branch rectangular branch structure 40 and the combining rectangular branch structure 400 makes the power amplifiers of each path independent of each other.

[0104] In the radial power divider 1, the signal changes through three steps 51-53 to transmit the TE10 mode transmitted in the space to the waveguide-to-microstrip units 61-63, and after being amplified by the power amplifier with equal amplitude and phase, it enters the combined rectangular branch structure 40 through the microstrip-to-waveguide units 601-603 for transmission. In order to achieve wide bandwidth transmission, it enters the highly symmetrical radial power combiner 2 after passing through the three steps 501-503. Finally, in the radial power combiner 2, a larger power is output after being processed in the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide units 301-303 (for example, if the signal input to the radial power divider 1 is about 110w, the signal power finally output from the radial power combiner 2 can reach 600-1000w). Since most of the entire transmission is completed in the radial waveguide, its synthesis efficiency is relatively high, and the test efficiency of the whole machine is greater than 85%. Since the radial power combiner 1 and the radial power divider 2 are both equipped with high isolation units, when a power amplifier is damaged, the remaining power amplifiers can still work normally, and the output power of the radial power combiner 2 only decreases at a certain ratio, which improves the stability and reliability of the whole machine. At the same time, signal isolation also achieves good port matching, making multi-channel high-efficiency power synthesis more stable and reliable. Since the radial power combiner 1 and the radial power divider 2 both use E-plane synthesis / distribution units, they have great advantages in integration and miniaturization, and can be directly integrated with the subsequent circuit on the same plane. The whole machine reduces the external isolator, which can effectively shorten the size of the whole machine and improve the efficiency of the power amplifier, and also has great competitive advantages in economic cost.

[0105] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radial synthesizer based on E-plane, characterized in that: It includes a radial power divider, a radial power combiner and a plurality of power amplifiers; The radial power distributor includes a coaxial receiving unit, a waveguide to coaxial unit, a radial branching unit, a branching step waveguide unit, and a waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit; The coaxial receiving unit is used to receive signals and transmit the signals to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit; the waveguide-to-coaxial unit is used to transmit signals to the radial branching unit; the radial branching unit at least includes a first branch cylindrical waveguide, a second branch cylindrical waveguide and a third branch cylindrical waveguide coaxially arranged, and a plurality of branch rectangular branch structures; each branch rectangular branch structure is radially symmetrically arranged with the axis of the branch cylindrical waveguide as the axis, and is composed of a first branch rectangular waveguide branch and a second branch rectangular waveguide branch; in each branch rectangular branch structure, the position of the first branch rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the branch cylindrical waveguide than the second branch rectangular waveguide branch; and a portion between two adjacent branch rectangular branch structures is covered by the third branch cylindrical waveguide; Each branch rectangular branch structure is connected to a branch step waveguide unit and a waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit at one end away from the branch cylindrical waveguide; the radial branch unit receives a signal from the coaxial unit, and the signal is divided into a plurality of branch signals after passing through the first branch cylindrical waveguide, the second branch cylindrical waveguide and the third branch cylindrical waveguide in sequence, and each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure respectively; the signal transmitted by each branch rectangular branch structure is transmitted to the branch step waveguide unit; the branch step waveguide unit is used to convert the horizontally transmitted signal to the vertical direction and transmit it to the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit; the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit is used to output the received signal to the power amplifier by means of waveguide to microstrip; The power amplifier is used to amplify the received sub-signals and transmit the amplified sub-signals to the radial power combiner; The radial power combiner includes a radial combining unit, a combining step waveguide unit, a microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit, and a coaxial to ridge waveguide unit; The radial combining unit at least comprises a first combining cylindrical waveguide, a second combining cylindrical waveguide and a third combining cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures; each combining rectangular branch structure is radially symmetrically arranged with the axis of the combining cylindrical waveguide as the axis, and is composed of a first combining rectangular waveguide branch and a second combining rectangular waveguide branch; in each combining rectangular branch structure, the first combining rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the combining cylindrical waveguide than the second combining rectangular waveguide branch; a portion between two adjacent combining rectangular branch structures is covered by the third combining cylindrical waveguide; each combining rectangular branch structure is connected to a combining step waveguide at one end away from the combining cylindrical waveguide. The unit is connected to a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit; the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit is used to receive radio frequency signals and transmit the signals to the combining step waveguide unit by means of microstrip-to-waveguide; the combining step waveguide unit is used to convert the vertically transmitted signal transmission to the horizontal direction and transmit it to the combining rectangular branch structure; the signals transmitted by each combining rectangular branch structure are combined into one signal at the combining cylindrical waveguide, and are sequentially transmitted to the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide unit after passing through the third combining cylindrical waveguide, the second combining cylindrical waveguide and the first combining cylindrical waveguide; the coaxial-to-ridge waveguide unit is coaxially arranged with the combining cylindrical waveguide, and is used to convert the coaxial signal synthesized by the radial combining unit into a standard rectangular waveguide and output it; The coaxial ridge-turned waveguide unit comprises a coaxial metal cylinder, three-level metal steps and a standard waveguide; The coaxial metal cylinder comprises a first combined cylinder, a second combined cylinder and a combined air cavity; the width of the second combined cylinder is the same as that of the combined air cavity, and a first combined cylinder is spaced between the combined air cavity and the second combined cylinder.

2. The E-plane-based radial synthesizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit comprises a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

3. The E-plane based radial synthesizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit comprises a 1 / 4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

4. The E-plane based radial synthesizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combining step waveguide unit and the branching step waveguide unit are both composed of three-level step waveguides.

5. The E-plane-based radial synthesizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The radial combining unit further comprises a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

6. The E-plane-based radial synthesizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The radial branching unit further comprises a fourth branching cylindrical waveguide and a fifth branching cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

7. The E-plane based radial synthesizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide-to-coaxial unit comprises a first branch cylinder, a second branch cylinder and a branch air cavity; the width of the second branch cylinder is the same as that of the branch air cavity, and a first branch cylinder is spaced between the branch air cavity and the second branch cylinder.

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