Display panel and display device

Abstract

A display panel and a display device. The display panel comprises a substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels and a pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer comprises a plurality of openings to define effective light-emitting areas of the plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels comprises a plurality of light-emitting layers on the pixel defining layer within the corresponding openings and surrounding the corresponding openings, the light-emitting layers of at least part of different sub-pixels overlap; in at least part of the sub-pixels, the shape of the light-emitting layer corresponding to the same sub-pixel and the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate are different, or in at least part of the sub-pixels, the edges of the light-emitting layer corresponding to the same sub-pixel and the orthographic projection of effective light-emitting area on the substrate that are close to each other are not parallel. In the display panel provided by the present disclosure, the shape of the effective light-emitting area and the light-emitting layer is different or at least part of the edges are not parallel in at least part of the sub-pixels, which is beneficial to reduce the influence of process precision on the formation of the light-emitting layer of the sub-pixel in the opening of the corresponding pixel defining layer.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 202010902686.9, filed on September 1, 2020, entitled "Display Panel and Display Device". Technical Field

[0002] At least one embodiment of this disclosure relates to a display panel and a display device. Background Technology

[0003] Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are considered a promising next-generation display technology due to their advantages such as thinness, flexibility, low power consumption, wide color gamut, and high contrast. Currently, improving the display quality of OLED displays is a key focus of their research and development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel and a display device.

[0005] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel, including: a substrate and a plurality of sub-pixels and a pixel defining layer located on the substrate. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; a plurality of sub-pixels are located in the display area; the pixel defining layer is located in the display area and the peripheral area, the pixel defining layer including a plurality of openings to define effective light-emitting areas of the plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of sub-pixels include a plurality of light-emitting layers located within corresponding openings and surrounding the pixel defining layer of the corresponding openings, wherein the light-emitting layers of at least some different sub-pixels overlap; in at least some sub-pixels, the orthographic projections of the light-emitting layers and the effective light-emitting areas corresponding to the same sub-pixel on the substrate have different shapes, or, in at least some sub-pixels, the edges of at least some of the orthographic projections of the light-emitting layers and the effective light-emitting areas corresponding to the same sub-pixel on the substrate are not parallel to each other.

[0006] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, in at least some of the sub-pixels, the edges of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel at each position of their orthogonal projection on the substrate are not parallel to each other.

[0007] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the shape of the effective light-emitting area of ​​at least some sub-pixels includes multiple straight edges and corners located between adjacent straight edges. In the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the midpoint of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area and the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the vertex of the corner of the effective light-emitting area and the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer is a second distance, wherein the first distance is greater than the second distance.

[0008] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, in the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, at least half of the orthographic projection of the edge of the effective light-emitting area is not parallel to the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer.

[0009] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, and the effective light-emitting area of ​​at least one color sub-pixel has a length direction and a width direction, wherein the length direction is the extension direction of the line connecting the two farthest points of the effective light-emitting area, and the width direction of the same effective light-emitting area is substantially perpendicular to the length direction; the effective light-emitting area includes a light-emitting area edge extending along the length direction, and the edge of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer of the same sub-pixel of the at least one color sub-pixel on the substrate is not parallel to the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting area on the substrate.

[0010] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels includes sub-pixels of different colors, and the effective light-emitting area of ​​at least one color sub-pixel has a length direction and a width direction. The length direction is the extension direction of the line connecting the two farthest points of the effective light-emitting area, and the width direction of the same effective light-emitting area is substantially perpendicular to the length direction. For the same effective light-emitting area having the length direction and the width direction, along the length direction, the maximum distance between the adjacent edges of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate is a third distance, and along the width direction, the maximum distance between the adjacent edges of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate is a fourth distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

[0011] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, and the effective light-emitting area of ​​at least one color sub-pixel has a length direction and a width direction. The length direction is the extension direction of the line connecting the two farthest points of the effective light-emitting area, and the width direction of the same effective light-emitting area is approximately perpendicular to the length direction. In the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, the ratio of the size of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer in the length direction to the size in the width direction is a first size ratio, and the ratio of the size of the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area in the length direction to the size in the width direction is a second size ratio. The first size ratio and the second size ratio are different.

[0012] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors. In the same sub-pixel of at least one color sub-pixel, the edge of the effective light-emitting area includes a straight edge, and the edge of the light-emitting layer includes a curved edge. In the orthographic projections of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel on the substrate, the orthographic projections of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area and the curved edge of the light-emitting layer are close to each other, and the length of the curved edge of the light-emitting layer is greater than the length of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area.

[0013] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, the sub-pixels of different colors include a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel, the light-emitting layers of at least two partially adjacent second color sub-pixels do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the light-emitting layers of at least partially adjacent first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0014] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels includes a plurality of minimum repeating units, at least one minimum repeating unit includes at least two sub-pixels of the same color, and the effective light-emitting areas of the at least two sub-pixels of the same color have different areas or shapes.

[0015] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged as a plurality of sub-pixel rows, the sub-pixels of each sub-pixel row are arranged along a first direction, the plurality of sub-pixel rows are arranged along a second direction, adjacent sub-pixel rows in the plurality of sub-pixel rows are staggered from each other along the first direction, and the first direction intersects with the second direction; each minimum repeating unit includes a first color sub-pixel, a third color sub-pixel and two second color sub-pixels distributed in two sub-pixel rows.

[0016] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, each sub-pixel further includes a pixel circuit located between the light-emitting layer and the substrate; the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, and one of the sub-pixels of at least one color includes a plurality of effective light-emitting areas, the plurality of effective light-emitting areas being configured to be driven to emit light by the same pixel circuit.

[0017] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the display panel further includes at least one encapsulation layer located in the display area and the peripheral area, and on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate. The at least one encapsulation layer has a raised / lowered structure on the side facing the substrate, the raised / lowered structure including a plurality of spaced convex portions, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of one convex portion onto the substrate being (10-20) μm × (10-20) μm.

[0018] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the convex portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate.

[0019] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the concave-convex structure includes a concave portion, and the orthographic projection of the concave portion onto the substrate is a grid-like shape.

[0020] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the pixel defining layer includes a flat portion and a ramp, the ramp surrounding each opening, the ramp including a first sub-ramp near the flat portion and a second sub-ramp away from the flat portion, the average slope angle of the first sub-ramp being smaller than the average slope angle of the second sub-ramp.

[0021] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the convex portion onto a plane perpendicular to the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second sub-slope onto the same plane.

[0022] This disclosure provides a display panel including a substrate and a plurality of sub-pixels and a pixel defining layer located on the substrate. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; the plurality of sub-pixels are located in the display area; the pixel defining layer is located in the display area and the peripheral area, and the pixel defining layer includes a plurality of openings to define effective light-emitting areas of the plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of sub-pixels include a plurality of light-emitting layers located within corresponding openings and surrounding the pixel defining layer of the corresponding openings; the plurality of sub-pixels also include a plurality of pixel circuits for driving the plurality of sub-pixels to emit light; the plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, and at least one sub-pixel of at least one color includes at least two light-emitting areas, the at least two light-emitting areas being driven by the same pixel circuit.

[0023] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged as a plurality of sub-pixel columns, the plurality of sub-pixel columns are arranged in a first direction, the sub-pixels of each sub-pixel column are arranged along a second direction, adjacent sub-pixel columns in the plurality of sub-pixel columns are staggered from each other along the second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect; in two adjacent sub-pixel columns, one column includes sub-pixels of one color, and the other column includes sub-pixels of two different colors arranged alternately.

[0024] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the display panel further includes at least one encapsulation layer located in the display area and the peripheral area, and on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate. The at least one encapsulation layer has a raised / lowered structure on the side facing the substrate, the raised / lowered structure including a plurality of spaced convex portions, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of one convex portion onto the substrate being (10-20) μm × (10-20) μm.

[0025] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the convex portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate.

[0026] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the concave-convex structure includes a concave portion, and the orthographic projection of the concave portion onto the substrate is a grid-like shape.

[0027] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the pixel defining layer includes a flat portion and a ramp, the ramp surrounding each opening, the ramp including a first sub-ramp near the flat portion and a second sub-ramp away from the flat portion, the average slope angle of the first sub-ramp being smaller than the average slope angle of the second sub-ramp.

[0028] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the convex portion onto a plane perpendicular to the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second sub-slope onto the same plane.

[0029] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display device including the display panel described above. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 1A A partial planar structure schematic diagram of a display panel provided as an example of an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 1B A partial planar structure schematic diagram of a display panel provided as another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the opening of the pixel-defining layer of a display panel, provided as another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 1D-Figure 1H This is a schematic diagram of various pixel arrangement structures on a display panel according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 2 For along Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by line AA;

[0036] Figure 3 For along Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by line BB;

[0037] Figure 4 A partial planar structural diagram of the touch structure in the display panel provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of region C shown;

[0039] Figure 6 For along Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the local cross-sectional structure intercepted by the DD line;

[0040] Figure 7 For along Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure cut by the EE line shown;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the touch electrode and the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel;

[0042] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of region F in the image;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a partial planar structure schematic diagram of a pixel structure provided according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The diagram shows the positional relationship between the pixel structure and the touch electrode lines.

[0045] Figure 12A A schematic diagram of the pixel circuits included in each sub-pixel;

[0046] Figure 12B This represents the positional relationship of each transistor in the active layer and gate layer of each sub-pixel;

[0047] Figures 13A to 13E A schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between various pixel circuits and touch electrode lines provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 14A This is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting layer deposited using FMM (Follicular Unit Transformer).

[0049] Figure 14B A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the pixel-defining layer and the spacer.

[0050] Figures 15A to 15G This is a schematic diagram illustrating various positional relationships between spacers and sub-pixels according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 16 For along Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the local cross-sectional structure cut by the GG line shown;

[0052] Figure 17A A planar schematic diagram of the pixel limiting layer and the effective light-emitting area within the display area provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 17B and Figure 17C These are schematic diagrams of the planar structure of the pixel-limiting layers in the peripheral area and the display area at two different locations;

[0054] Figure 17D A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the pixel-defining layer of the display area provided as another example;

[0055] Figure 18 For along Figure 17A A schematic diagram of the local cross-sectional structure intercepted by the HH line is shown; and

[0056] Figure 19 for Figure 1A The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure of the transition zone. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the described embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that an element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0059] In their research, the inventors of this application discovered that as display technology continues to develop, people's requirements for the resolution of display devices are becoming increasingly higher, and the application range of high-resolution display devices with advantages such as high display quality is also becoming wider. Generally, the resolution of a display device can be improved by reducing the size of pixels and the spacing between pixels. However, reducing the size of pixels and the spacing between pixels also places increasingly higher demands on the precision of the manufacturing process, leading to increased difficulty and cost in the manufacturing process of display devices.

[0060] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; a plurality of first color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels being arranged along a first direction to form a plurality of first color sub-pixel rows, the plurality of first color sub-pixel rows being arranged along a second direction, and adjacent first color sub-pixel rows being staggered from each other along the first direction; a plurality of second color sub-pixels located in the display area and arranged in an array along the first and second directions, four second color sub-pixels surrounding one first color sub-pixel; and a pixel defining layer located in the display area and the peripheral area, the pixel defining layer including a plurality of openings to define an effective light-emitting area for each sub-pixel, each first color sub-pixel including a first effective light-emitting area, each second color sub-pixel including a second effective light-emitting area, the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting area being smaller than the area of ​​the first effective light-emitting area.

[0061] In some embodiments, a first color sub-pixel includes a first effective light-emitting area, and a second color sub-pixel includes a second effective light-emitting area, the area of ​​which is smaller than that of the first effective light-emitting area. In some embodiments, a first color sub-pixel includes at least two first effective light-emitting areas, or a second color sub-pixel includes at least two second effective light-emitting areas, the total area of ​​all second effective light-emitting areas included in a second color sub-pixel is smaller than the total area of ​​all first effective light-emitting areas included in a first color sub-pixel. In some embodiments, each first effective light-emitting area and each second effective light-emitting area are separated. In some embodiments, each first effective light-emitting area and each second effective light-emitting area are defined by a plurality of separated openings formed in a pixel defining layer. In some embodiments, each first effective light-emitting area is defined in the corresponding first color sub-pixel by a light-emitting layer located between opposing anodes and cathodes in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and driven to emit light. In some embodiments, each second effective light-emitting area is defined in the corresponding second color sub-pixel by a light-emitting layer located between opposing anodes and cathodes in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and driven to emit light. In some embodiments, each first effective light-emitting region and each second effective light-emitting region are defined by a corresponding light-emitting layer and an electrode (anode or cathode) or a portion of an electrode that carries charge carriers (holes or electrons) with the corresponding light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, each first effective light-emitting region and each second effective light-emitting region are defined by at least a portion of a cathode and at least a portion of an anode whose orthogonal projections on the substrate overlap, and the at least portion of the cathode and at least a portion of the anode do not overlap with the orthogonal projection of a first insulating layer on the substrate, the first insulating layer being located between the cathode and the anode in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. For example, the first insulating layer includes a pixel defining layer. In some embodiments, each first color sub-pixel and each second color sub-pixel respectively includes a first electrode, a light-emitting layer located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, and a second electrode located on the side of the light-emitting layer away from the first electrode. A second insulating layer is further disposed in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer, and / or between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer. This second insulating layer overlaps with the projection of the first or second electrode onto the substrate, and the second insulating layer has an opening. On the side facing the light-emitting layer, the opening of the second insulating layer can expose at least a portion of the first or second electrode, allowing it to contact the light-emitting layer or the auxiliary light-emitting functional layer. Each first effective light-emitting region and each second effective light-emitting region is defined by the portion of the first or second electrode that contacts the light-emitting layer or the auxiliary light-emitting functional layer. In some embodiments, the second insulating layer includes a pixel defining layer. In some embodiments, the auxiliary light-emitting functional layer can be any one or more layers selected from hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer, electron injection layer, auxiliary light-emitting layer, interface improvement layer, anti-reflection layer, etc.In some embodiments, the first electrode can be an anode and the second electrode can be a cathode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include at least two layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) and silver (Ag), such as a three-layer stack of ITO, Ag, and ITO. In some embodiments, the second electrode can include any one or more of magnesium (Mg), Ag, ITO, and indium zinc oxide (IZO), such as a mixed layer or alloy layer of Mg and Ag.

[0062] Each sub-pixel includes a light-emitting layer. Each first color sub-pixel includes a first color light-emitting layer located inside the opening and on the pixel limiting layer. Each second color sub-pixel includes a second color light-emitting layer located inside the opening and on the pixel limiting layer. The area ratio of the first color light-emitting layer and the first effective light-emitting area of ​​each first color sub-pixel projected onto the substrate is less than the area ratio of the second color light-emitting layer and the second effective light-emitting area of ​​each second color sub-pixel projected onto the substrate.

[0063] The quality of the emissive layer within the effective light-emitting area typically has a significant impact on the display effect of a sub-pixel. When using vapor deposition processes such as FMM (Fine Metal Mask) (explained later), multiple effective light-emitting areas and multiple emissive layer patterns within the display area correspond one-to-one, and the emissive layer patterns correspond one-to-one with the openings on the FMM. If there is a misalignment between the FMM and the display panel, or if material inhomogeneity occurs due to the evaporation source, sub-pixels with smaller effective light-emitting areas are more likely to have poor emissive layer quality within their effective light-emitting areas. Even if all color sub-pixels exhibit poor emissive layer quality due to excessive deviation, the impact is greatest on the sub-pixel with the smallest effective light-emitting area. If this sub-pixel with the smallest effective light-emitting area happens to be a color sub-pixel that has the greatest impact on display brightness, display uniformity, or other display parameters, such as a green sub-pixel, then the display panel will exhibit display problems such as dark spots, jagged edges, uneven brightness, and color shift. In this embodiment, the area ratio of the second color emitting layer to the second effective emitting area of ​​the second color sub-pixel is set to be greater than the area ratio of the first color emitting layer to the first effective emitting area of ​​the first color sub-pixel. This allows for a larger margin in the vapor deposition process for the second color sub-pixel, which has a relatively small effective emitting area. This results in a more stable quality of the second color emitting layer formed in the second effective emitting area, thereby reducing the impact of deviations or fluctuations caused by the vapor deposition process on the display quality of each sub-pixel.

[0064] The area of ​​each luminescent layer can be measured using methods such as the following. For example, the area of ​​the luminescent layer can be measured by fluorescence microscopy, for instance, by utilizing the photoluminescence phenomenon that occurs when an EL material is excited by ultraviolet light to obtain the boundary of the luminescent layer. Alternatively, it can be measured using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). TOF-SIMS is a high-resolution measurement technique that uses primary ions to excite the sample surface, ejecting extremely small amounts of secondary ions, and then determines the ion mass based on the different times it takes for these secondary ions to reach the detector due to their varying masses. Of course, the area and boundary of each luminescent layer can also be measured using other existing testing methods.

[0065] The display panel and display device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Figure 1A This is a partial planar structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 For along Figure 1A The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by line AA. Figure 1A and Figure 2As shown, the display panel includes a substrate 10, a display area 11, and a peripheral area 12 surrounding the display area 11. For example, the display area 11 is a region for display, such as a region including illuminateable pixels. The boundary of the display area can be defined by a first row and a last row of illuminateable pixels, and a first column and a last column of illuminateable pixels. The peripheral area 12 is a region surrounding the display area 11 that is not used for display. For example, in some embodiments, the display area may also include dummy pixels, such as pixels with a light-emitting layer but not used for display. The display panel includes a plurality of first color sub-pixels 100 and a plurality of second color sub-pixels 200 located on a display area 11 on a substrate 10. The plurality of first color sub-pixels 100 are arranged along a first direction (i.e., the X direction) to form a plurality of first color sub-pixel rows 1001. The plurality of first color sub-pixel rows 1001 are arranged along a second direction (i.e., the Y direction), and adjacent first color sub-pixel rows 1001 are staggered from each other along the first direction. That is, adjacent first color sub-pixel rows 1001 have a certain offset along the first direction. Therefore, the first color sub-pixels 100 in adjacent first color sub-pixel rows 1001 are not aligned in the second direction. For example, the pixel arrangement in odd-numbered rows of first color sub-pixel rows 1001 is the same, and the pixel arrangement in even-numbered rows of first color sub-pixel rows 1001 is the same. For example, the offset of adjacent first color sub-pixel rows 1001 in the first direction is approximately one pitch. In some embodiments, the pitch is, for example, half the distance between the centers of the effective light-emitting areas in two adjacent first color sub-pixels 100 along a first direction, where the center of the effective light-emitting area refers to the geometric center of the planar shape of the effective light-emitting area. In some embodiments, the pitch is, for example, approximately the size of the pixel driving circuit of two sub-pixels in the row direction. In some embodiments, the pitch is approximately the size of the pixel driving circuit of one sub-pixel in the column direction. In some embodiments, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row direction size divided by the number of pixels in the row direction, or the display area's column direction size divided by the number of pixels in the column direction.For example, for QHD (Quarter High Definition) products with a resolution of 960x540, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row dimension divided by 960, or the display area's column dimension divided by 540; for HD (High Definition) products, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row dimension divided by 1280, or the display area's column dimension divided by 720; for FHD (Full High Definition) products, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row dimension divided by 1920, or the display area's column dimension divided by 1080; for QHD (Quad High Definition) products, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row dimension divided by 2560, or the display area's column dimension divided by 1440; for UHD (Ultra High Definition) products, the pitch is approximately equal to the display area's row dimension divided by 3840, or the display area's column dimension divided by 2160; and so on. The aforementioned adjacent first color sub-pixel rows refer to two first color sub-pixel rows where there are no other first color sub-pixel rows between them.

[0067] like Figure 1A As shown, multiple second-color sub-pixels 200 are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, with four second-color sub-pixels 200 surrounding each first-color sub-pixel 100. That is, the second-color sub-pixels 200 and the first-color sub-pixels 100 are not in the same row or column. A row of second-color sub-pixels 200 (i.e., a second-color sub-pixel row) is arranged along the first direction between adjacent rows 1001 of first-color sub-pixels, and the first-color sub-pixel rows 1001 and second-color sub-pixel rows are arranged alternately. Similarly, a column of second-color sub-pixels 200 (i.e., a second-color sub-pixel column) is arranged along the second direction between adjacent columns of first-color sub-pixels, and the first-color sub-pixel columns and second-color sub-pixel columns are arranged alternately.

[0068] For example, the distances from the centers of the four second-color sub-pixels to the center of the first-color sub-pixel are approximately equal. For example, among the second-color sub-pixels surrounding the first-color sub-pixel, there are exactly four second-color sub-pixels that are closest to the first-color sub-pixel, and the distances from the centers of these four second-color sub-pixels to the center of the first-color sub-pixel are approximately equal. "Closest to" means that the line connecting the centers of the first and second-color sub-pixels does not pass through any other first-color or second-color sub-pixels.

[0069] For example, the arrangement of four second-color subpixels surrounding a first-color subpixel can be the arrangement within the display area. The arrangement at the edge of the display area can be different from the arrangement within the display area. For example, at the edge of the display area, when the first-color subpixel is in the first row or first column, or in the last row or last column, only two second-color subpixels can surround the first-color subpixel. For example, if the shape of the display area edge is rounded, or the shape of the display area is an irregular display area, such as a circular display area or a rectangular display area with a cutout area near a certain edge, the first-color subpixel at the edge of the display area can be surrounded by one, two, or three second-color subpixels.

[0070] This disclosure describes embodiments using the above-described arrangement structure, but is not limited to this single pixel structure, nor is it limited to the number of sub-pixels. For example, a strip arrangement structure, a triangular arrangement structure, a mosaic arrangement, a triangular arrangement, or other combinations of different sizes, shapes, and positions can be used. For example, the RGB values ​​can be equal or unequal. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, B > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, R > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, R equal to G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B equal to R, R > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be R > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be R > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be G > R. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be G > B. For example, the number of subpixels contained in each repeating unit or pixel unit can be any one or a combination of two or more of the following: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. For example, the ratio of each subpixel contained in each repeating unit or pixel unit can be any one or a combination of two or more of the following: R:G:B ratios: 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:1, 1:2:2, 2:2:1, 1:2:3, 3:3:2, 1:3:2, 2:3:1, 3:2:3, 2:3:3, etc. For example, the number of subpixel colors can include any one of two, three, four, five, or six. For example, the color of each subpixel can be selected from any one or a combination of red, green, blue, white, yellow, cyan, magenta, orange, etc.

[0071] like Figure 1A and Figure 2As shown, the display panel also includes a pixel defining layer 400 located in the display area 11 and the peripheral area 12. The pixel defining layer 400 can form an opening 401 corresponding to each sub-pixel according to the sub-pixel arrangement structure. That is, the pixel defining layer 400 includes multiple openings 401 to define the effective light-emitting areas of multiple sub-pixels. The shape of the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel can be defined by the openings 401 of the pixel defining layer 400. Multiple first color sub-pixels 100 include multiple first effective light-emitting areas 101, and multiple second color sub-pixels 200 include multiple second effective light-emitting areas 201. The area of ​​a second effective light-emitting area 201 is smaller than the area of ​​a first effective light-emitting area 101.

[0072] In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel may not be defined by the opening of the pixel-defining layer, but may be defined directly by the actual light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel.

[0073] For example, one sub-pixel corresponds to one effective light-emitting area, meaning each sub-pixel includes only one effective light-emitting area. This disclosure is not limited to this; for example, one sub-pixel may also correspond to multiple effective light-emitting areas, and they may be driven by a common pixel circuit or receive the same driving signal.

[0074] For example, the area of ​​each of the second effective light-emitting regions is larger than the area of ​​each of the first effective light-emitting regions. In some embodiments, the areas of each of the second effective light-emitting regions are approximately equal, and the areas of each of the first effective light-emitting regions are approximately equal. Here, "approximately equal" can mean an error within ±10%.

[0075] In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting areas of some sub-pixels of the same color may differ. For example, in some embodiments, a repeating unit or pixel unit may include two green sub-pixels of the same color, or two red sub-pixels of the same color, or two blue sub-pixels of the same color, or simultaneously include two pairs of sub-pixels of the same color (e.g., two green sub-pixels and two red sub-pixels), wherein the effective light-emitting areas of the sub-pixels of the same color may differ. In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting area of ​​a sub-pixel of the same color located at an edge, irregular region, or folded region may also differ in size or shape from the effective light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixels of the same color in other regions.

[0076] like Figure 1A and Figure 2As shown, each sub-pixel includes a light-emitting layer. Each first color sub-pixel 100 includes a first color light-emitting layer 110 located within the opening 401 and on the pixel defining layer 400. Each second color sub-pixel 200 includes a second color light-emitting layer 210 located within the opening 401 and on the pixel defining layer 400. The multiple first color light-emitting layers 110 included in the multiple first color sub-pixels 100 are spaced apart from each other, and the multiple second color light-emitting layers 210 included in the multiple second color sub-pixels 200 are spaced apart from each other.

[0077] In some embodiments, light-emitting layers of certain colors may not be spaced apart. For example, two light-emitting layers of the same color fabricated using a 2-in-1 method (two light-emitting layers fabricated from a single vapor deposition aperture) can be continuous, with the light-emitting layers forming a single unit (continuous in the orthographic projection onto the substrate, but not actually connected in the manufacturing process due to differences in the underlying film layers), corresponding to two sub-pixels. The light-emitting layers of each pair of sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other. Correspondingly, a 3-in-1 method (three light-emitting layers fabricated from a single vapor deposition aperture) corresponds to three sub-pixels, and a 4-in-1 method (four light-emitting layers fabricated from a single vapor deposition aperture) corresponds to four sub-pixels. For example, as... Figure 1D As shown, for two light-emitting layers of the same color made using 2-in-1 (two light-emitting layers are made from one vapor deposition opening), such as the light-emitting layer of the second color sub-pixel 200, the ratio of the light-emitting layer and the pixel boundary layer opening (or effective light-emitting area) of the corresponding two sub-pixels can be calculated by using half the area of ​​the light-emitting layer and the area of ​​the pixel boundary layer opening of the corresponding sub-pixel if the pixel boundary layer openings of the two sub-pixels are approximately equal.

[0078] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of first color sub-pixels 100 include a plurality of first color emissive layers 110 located within a corresponding opening 401 and surrounding a pixel defining layer 100 of the corresponding opening 401, and a plurality of second color sub-pixels 200 include a second color emissive layer 210 located within a corresponding opening 401 and surrounding a pixel defining layer 400 of the corresponding opening. For example, as Figure 1A and Figure 2As shown, the light-emitting layers of each color sub-pixel are present around the entire periphery of the opening of the pixel limiting layer. For example, the portion of the light-emitting layer of each color sub-pixel outside the opening of the pixel limiting layer is a single ring. For example, the pixel limiting layer structure forming the pixel limiting layer opening of each color sub-pixel can be discrete or formed as a unified mesh structure. For example, the pixel limiting layer portion corresponding to the outermost row (row or column) of pixel limiting layer openings, away from the center of the display area, is a single structure with the surrounding pixel limiting layer structure of the display area, or this pixel limiting layer portion serves as the surrounding pixel limiting layer structure of the display area. For example, the pixel limiting layer portion corresponding to the outermost row (row or column) of pixel limiting layer openings, away from the center of the display area, has a larger dimension in the direction perpendicular to its corresponding edge extension direction than the dimension of the pixel limiting layer portion between adjacent pixel limiting layer openings inside the display area. For example, as... Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, the light-emitting layer on the pixel defining layer and the light-emitting layer within the opening are integral structures. However, this disclosure is not limited to this; the light-emitting layer within the opening and the light-emitting layer on the pixel defining layer may also be discontinuous, meaning they are discontinuous film layers. For example, a large step difference in the film layer below the light-emitting layer could cause a film layer break or discontinuity. In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer on the pixel defining layer and the light-emitting layer within the opening of each sub-pixel onto the substrate is substantially continuous.

[0079] The area ratio of the orthographic projection of the first color emitting layer 110 of each first color sub-pixel 100 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the first effective emitting region 101 onto the substrate 10 is less than the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the second color emitting layer 210 of each second color sub-pixel 200 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the second effective emitting region 201 onto the substrate 10. For example, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first color emitting layer 110 onto the substrate 10 is greater than the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second color emitting layer 210 onto the substrate 10.

[0080] For example, the area ratio of the orthogonal projections of the first color emitting layer 110 and the first effective emitting area 101 corresponding to the same first color sub-pixel 100 on the substrate is the first area ratio, and the area ratio of the orthogonal projections of the second color emitting layer 210 and the second effective emitting area 201 corresponding to the same second color sub-pixel 200 on the substrate is the second area ratio, and the first area ratio is less than the second area ratio.

[0081] For example, the first area ratio is the ratio of the area of ​​a first color emitting layer to the area of ​​a first effective emitting region, that is, the ratio of the area of ​​a first color emitting layer to the area of ​​a first effective emitting region. The second area ratio is the ratio of the area of ​​a second color emitting layer to the area of ​​a second effective emitting region, that is, the ratio of the area of ​​a second color emitting layer to the area of ​​a second effective emitting region. For example, both the first and second area ratios are greater than 1. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 1 to 15. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 1 to 10. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 3 to 12. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 2 to 8. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 4 to 6. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 3 to 7. For example, the range of the first and second area ratios can be 6 to 8. For example, the range of the first area ratio is approximately 3 to 5. For example, the first area ratio is 1.5 to 3. For example, the range of the first area ratio is approximately 3 to 4. For example, the range of the first area ratio is approximately 4 to 5. For example, the range of the first area ratio is approximately 4-6. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 5-7. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 6-7. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 3-5. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 3-6. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 5-8. The range of the second area ratio is approximately 4-9. For example, the second area ratio is 6.5-8.

[0082] For example, the area of ​​the first color emitting layer of a first color sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the second color emitting layer of a second color sub-pixel.

[0083] For example, the first color subpixel 100 can be a red subpixel or a blue subpixel, and the second color subpixel 200 can be a green subpixel.

[0084] For example, the luminous efficiency of the first color sub-pixel is less than that of the second color sub-pixel. For example, the first area ratio corresponding to the first color sub-pixel is less than the second area ratio corresponding to the second color sub-pixel.

[0085] For example, the luminous efficiency of a subpixel refers to the intensity of light emitted by its light-emitting device under the same electrical signal conditions. A higher light intensity in a subpixel is considered to indicate higher luminous efficiency. For example, "the same electrical signal conditions" means the voltage applied to the data lines is the same. For example, "the same electrical signal conditions" means the current applied to the light-emitting device is the same. For example, the luminous efficiency of a subpixel refers to the current density flowing through the light-emitting device under the same electrical signal conditions.

[0086] For example, the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel is greater than that of the second color sub-pixel.

[0087] For example, the aperture ratio of a first color subpixel refers to the proportion of the display area to which the first color subpixel is actually used for light emission. Similarly, the aperture ratio of a second color subpixel refers to the proportion of the display area to which the second color subpixel is actually used for light emission.

[0088] For example, this disclosure schematically shows a first direction perpendicular to a second direction, but it is not limited thereto; the first direction may also not be perpendicular to the second direction.

[0089] For example, the light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel can be fabricated using a vapor deposition process. This process requires alignment between a vapor deposition mask and the display panel. The evaporation source heats the material of the light-emitting layer, causing it to deposit onto the corresponding position on the display panel. The vapor deposition mask can include a fine metal mask (FMM mask) with openings corresponding to the sub-pixel pattern for each sub-pixel. The FMM mask can form multiple independent patterns based on the structure of different color sub-pixels, enabling the formation of patterns of different materials and thicknesses in different sub-pixels.

[0090] For each sub-pixel, the effective light-emitting area is approximately located inside the opening of the pixel-defining layer, for example, roughly equal to the area of ​​the corresponding opening. The light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel determines its aperture ratio, further affecting the display brightness of that sub-pixel in the display panel. To improve the aperture ratio and display quality of each sub-pixel, the quality of the film layer located inside the opening of the pixel-defining layer needs to be ensured as much as possible during the evaporation process. Therefore, when using an FMM mask to evaporate the light-emitting layers of each color, the opening of the mask used to form the pattern of the corresponding sub-pixels is usually set to be larger than the opening of the pixel-defining layer, so that the light-emitting layer deposited through the opening of the mask can completely cover the opening of the pixel-defining layer. Thus, the light-emitting layer of each color sub-pixel includes a portion located inside the opening of the pixel-defining layer and another portion located on the surface of the pixel-defining layer.

[0091] Due to variations in the precision of the photomask and the display panel to be vapor-deposited, as well as the diffusion properties of the evaporation source material, the process precision (process margin, i.e., the allowable offset between the opening of the fine metal photomask and the opening of the pixel-defining layer) of different sub-pixels will differ when using a fine metal photomask for vapor deposition. The luminescent materials of the luminescent layers of different color sub-pixels on an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel have different lifetimes and luminous efficiencies. Therefore, the luminescent areas of different color sub-pixels can be set differently. For example, the luminescent area of ​​the first color sub-pixel (e.g., blue sub-pixel) can be set to the largest, while the luminescent area of ​​the second color sub-pixel (e.g., green sub-pixel) can be set to the smallest. The difference in the size of the luminescent area of ​​different color sub-pixels also affects the required process precision. When forming a luminescent layer of a sub-pixel with a smaller luminescent area, fluctuations in process precision are more likely to cause instability in the film quality inside the opening of the pixel-defining layer. Therefore, the process precision of different color sub-pixels can be adjusted according to the size of the luminescent area of ​​the sub-pixel, such as the size of the opening area of ​​the pixel-defining layer. In this embodiment of the disclosure, the area ratio of the second color emitting layer to the second effective emitting area of ​​the second color sub-pixel is set to be greater than the area ratio of the first color emitting layer to the first effective emitting area of ​​the first color sub-pixel. This allows the vapor deposition process precision of the second color sub-pixel with a smaller effective emitting area to be set relatively higher, thereby ensuring that the deviation caused by the vapor deposition process is more balanced for each sub-pixel.

[0092] For example, each sub-pixel also includes a first electrode located away from the substrate of the light-emitting layer, such as a cathode (described later), and a second electrode located on the side of the light-emitting layer facing the substrate, such as an anode (described later). For example, the first color sub-pixel 100 includes a second electrode 120 on the side of the first color light-emitting layer 110 facing the substrate, and the second color sub-pixel 200 includes a second electrode 220 on the side of the second color light-emitting layer 210 facing the substrate. For example, the location where the pixel defining layer 400 defines the opening 401 can be an inclined ramp 402, the opening 401 being the area enclosed by the intersection line of the ramp 402 and the second electrode, or the opening being a portion of the second electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer 400. Taking the first color sub-pixel 100 as an example, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 can be disposed between the pixel defining layer 400 and the substrate 10, and the pixel defining layer 400 includes an opening 401 for defining the sub-pixel that exposes a portion of the second electrode 120. When the first color emitting layer 110 is formed in the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400, the first color emitting layer 110 and other functional film layers for auxiliary light emission (such as one or more of electron injection layer, electron transport layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, auxiliary light emission layer, electron blocking layer, and hole blocking layer) are in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode 120 on their upper and lower sides respectively. The first color emitting layer 110 inside the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400 can emit light under the drive of the first electrode and the second electrode. The opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400 defines the shape of the first effective light emission area 101 of the first color emitting layer 110.

[0093] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, at least a portion of the second effective light-emitting area 201 has a length direction and a width direction, wherein the length direction is the extension direction of the line connecting the two points furthest apart in a second effective light-emitting area 201 (e.g., Figure 1A The V direction shown), the width direction of the same second effective light-emitting area 201 (as shown in the figure). Figure 1AThe U-direction shown is approximately perpendicular to the length direction. For example, for the same second effective light-emitting area 201, along the length direction, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color light-emitting layer 210 corresponding to the second effective light-emitting area 201 to the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201 is a first ratio (the maximum size of the second color light-emitting layer 210 corresponding to the second effective light-emitting area 201 divided by the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201), and along the width direction, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color light-emitting layer 210 corresponding to the second effective light-emitting area 201 to the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201 is a second ratio (the maximum size of the second color light-emitting layer 210 corresponding to the second effective light-emitting area 201 divided by the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201). The first ratio is less than the second ratio. The aforementioned length direction can be a third direction, and the aforementioned width direction can be a fourth direction.

[0094] For example, the multiple second effective light-emitting areas included by the multiple second color sub-pixels have approximately the same shape and area.

[0095] For example, the length direction of each second effective light-emitting area forms an angle with the row direction. For example, the angle between the length direction of each second effective light-emitting area and the row direction can be 15°-75°. For example, the angle between the length direction of each second effective light-emitting area and the row direction can be 30°-60°. For example, the angle between the length direction of each second effective light-emitting area and the row direction can be 40°-50°.

[0096] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, the shape of the second effective light-emitting area 201 is elongated, such as hexagonal, octagonal, trapezoidal, elliptical, or rectangular. In this embodiment, the elongated shape can be a regular shape, such as a symmetrical shape, with its extension direction being its length direction and the direction perpendicular to the extension direction being its width direction. In this embodiment, the elongated shape can also be an irregular shape, with the extension direction of the irregular shape being its length direction and the direction perpendicular to the extension direction being its width direction. For example, the extension direction (i.e., the length direction) of the elongated effective light-emitting area is a third direction (i.e., the V direction), and the direction perpendicular to the third direction is a fourth direction (i.e., the width direction). For example, the opening 401 of the pixel limiting layer 400 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel 200 is an elongated hexagon or elliptical shape. The opening 401 can have a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry. The first axis of symmetry is the major axis, for example, parallel to the third direction, and the second axis of symmetry is the minor axis, for example, parallel to the fourth direction. For example, along the third direction, the first color sub-pixel 100 and the second color sub-pixel 200 are arranged alternately.

[0097] In this embodiment, the extension direction of the elongated second effective light-emitting area is defined as the third direction. When different second effective light-emitting areas have different extension directions, the third direction varies with the extension directions of the different second effective light-emitting areas. For example, when the extension directions of two adjacent second effective light-emitting areas intersect, the third directions corresponding to the two adjacent second effective light-emitting areas also intersect. Similarly, the fourth direction also varies with the extension directions of different second effective light-emitting areas.

[0098] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, along a third direction, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 to the maximum size of the second effective emitting region 201 is a first ratio, and along a fourth direction, the ratio is a second ratio, with the first ratio being less than the second ratio. In this embodiment, the maximum size of the second color emitting layer along a certain direction refers to the maximum size of the orthogonal projection of the second color emitting layer onto the substrate along that direction. For example, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 to the maximum size of the second effective emitting region 201 along the long axis of the opening 401 is less than the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 to the maximum size of the second effective emitting region 201 along the short axis of the opening 401. This is to prevent a large deviation between the opening of the mask and the opening of the pixel limiting layer from affecting the position of the second color emitting layer formed within the opening of the pixel limiting layer, and further reduce the influence of process precision on the second color sub-pixel in the short axis direction of the corresponding pixel limiting layer opening.

[0099] For example, for the same second effective light-emitting area 201, along the length direction of the second effective light-emitting area 201, the difference between the maximum size of the corresponding second color light-emitting layer 210 and the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201 is the first difference value, and along its width direction, the difference between the maximum size of the second color light-emitting layer 210 and the maximum size of the second effective light-emitting area 201 is the second difference value, and the first difference value is less than the second difference value.

[0100] For example, the range of the first difference can be 5-15 micrometers. For example, the range of the first difference can be 6-14 micrometers. For example, the range of the first difference can be 7-12 micrometers. For example, the range of the first difference can be 8-11 micrometers. For example, the range of the second difference can be 8-30 micrometers. For example, the range of the second difference can be 9-20 micrometers. For example, the range of the second difference can be 10-18 micrometers.

[0101] For example, the first and second differences mentioned above are both greater than the pixel position accuracy (ppa) deviation (described later).

[0102] For example, the minimum size difference between the luminescent layer and the effective luminescent area of ​​each sub-pixel at different locations is approximately the same, for example, it can be 7-9 micrometers. For example, it can be 6-8 micrometers.

[0103] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, along the third direction, the difference between the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 and the maximum size of the second effective emitting area 201 is the first difference value, and along the fourth direction, the difference between the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 and the maximum size of the second effective emitting area 201 is the second difference value. The first difference value is smaller than the second difference value, so as to reduce the influence of process precision on the width direction of the second color sub-pixel in the second effective emitting area.

[0104] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, in the second color sub-pixel 200, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 along a third direction to its maximum size along a fourth direction is less than the ratio of the maximum size of the second effective emitting region 201 along a third direction to its maximum size along a fourth direction, in order to reduce the influence of process precision on the width direction of the second color sub-pixel in the second effective emitting region. That is, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer along the length direction to its maximum size along the width direction of the second effective emitting region is less than the ratio of the maximum size of the second effective emitting region along its length direction to its maximum size along its width direction. In some embodiments, the ratio of the maximum size of the second color emitting layer 210 along a third direction to its maximum size along a fourth direction, i.e., the ratio of the length direction dimension to the width direction dimension of the second color emitting layer 210, is approximately 0.8-1.2, for example, 0.9-1.1, and for example, it can be 1. By making the length and width dimensions of the second color emitting layer 210 approximately equal, the pattern symmetry of the second color emitting layer 210 can be improved. This results in better deformation of the FMM opening corresponding to the pattern of the second color emitting layer 210 during the FMM process, leading to a more precise pattern of the second color emitting layer 210.

[0105] For example, such as Figure 1A As shown, the planar shape (i.e., the shape of its orthographic projection onto the substrate) of the second color emitting layer 210 of the second color sub-pixel 200 can be approximately circular, but is not limited thereto; it can also be elliptical or polygonal, such as quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal. For example, Figure 1B This is a partial planar structural diagram of a display panel in another example of an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 1B As shown, the display panel in this example is... Figure 1AThe difference in the display panel shown is that the shape of the second color emitting layer of the second color subpixel can be approximately a rounded rectangle or a rounded square. The shape of the second color emitting layer of the second color subpixel can also be other shapes, such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, etc. It can be a shape with an axis of symmetry, a centrally symmetrical shape, or other irregular shapes. The design can be tailored to the layout space of the display panel and the distribution of openings on the FMM to improve the aperture ratio, matching accuracy, or reduce FMM opening shape deformation, etc.

[0106] For example, taking the circular shape of the second color emitting layer 210 of the second color sub-pixel 200 as an example, since the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400 that defines the second effective emitting area 201 of the second color sub-pixel 200 has a major axis and a minor axis, after the circular second color emitting layer 210 covers the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400, in the directions corresponding to the major and minor axes of the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400, the second color emitting layer 210 includes a portion located outside the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400, that is, a portion covering the surface of the pixel defining layer 400 away from the substrate 10. The maximum size and coverage area of ​​the second color emitting layer 210 covering the pixel defining layer 400 in the fourth direction (i.e., the minor axis direction) are both larger than the maximum size and coverage area of ​​the second color emitting layer 210 covering the pixel defining layer 400 in the third direction (i.e., the major axis direction). Taking the shape of the second color emitting layer 210 of the second color sub-pixel 200 as elliptical or hexagonal as an example, after the second color emitting layer 210 covers the opening 401 of the pixel limiting layer 400, in the direction of the major axis and minor axis corresponding to the opening 401 of the pixel limiting layer 400, the second color emitting layer 210 includes a portion located outside the opening 401 of the pixel limiting layer 400, that is, a portion covering the surface of the pixel limiting layer 400 away from the substrate 10. The maximum size and coverage area of ​​the second color emitting layer 210 covering the pixel limiting layer 400 on the first set of opposite sides in the fourth direction (i.e., the minor axis direction) are both larger than the maximum size and coverage area of ​​the second set of opposite sides covering the pixel limiting layer 400 on the third direction (i.e., the major axis direction). That is, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the second color emitting layer 210 is smaller than the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the opening 401 of the second effective light-emitting area 201 of the pixel. The maximum dimension of the second color emitting layer 210 along the third direction is the length along its major axis, and the maximum dimension of the second color emitting layer 210 along the fourth direction is the length along its minor axis.

[0107] For example, Figure 3 For along Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by line BB is shown. (See diagram below.) Figure 1A and Figure 3As shown, the display panel also includes a plurality of third-color sub-pixels 300 located in the display area 11 on the substrate 10. A plurality of first-color sub-pixels 100 and a plurality of third-color sub-pixels 300 are arranged alternately along a first direction and a second direction. The plurality of third-color sub-pixels 300 and a plurality of second-color sub-pixels 200 are arranged alternately along the minor axis direction of the second-color sub-pixels 200. Therefore, in the pixel arrangement structure adopted in this embodiment, the second-color sub-pixels are arranged in a matrix of rows and columns, and the first-color sub-pixels and third-color sub-pixels are arranged alternately in rows and columns. Rows of second-color sub-pixels and rows of first-color sub-pixels are arranged alternately in the column direction, and columns of second-color sub-pixels and columns of first-color sub-pixels are arranged alternately in the row direction. Each second-color sub-pixel is surrounded by two first-color sub-pixels and two third-color sub-pixels. For the same second color sub-pixel, two first color sub-pixels are located on either side of the second color sub-pixel in a third direction, and two third color sub-pixels are located on either side of the second color sub-pixel in a fourth direction; or, two first color sub-pixels are located on either side of the second color sub-pixel in a fourth direction, and two third color sub-pixels are located on either side of the second color sub-pixel in a third direction. The third direction is, for example, the first direction (e.g., the row direction) rotated counterclockwise by an acute angle, such as 45°, and the fourth direction is, for example, the first direction rotated clockwise by an acute angle, such as 45°. The third and fourth directions can also be interchanged. Both the third and fourth directions intersect with the first and second directions.

[0108] For example, multiple first-color sub-pixels and multiple second-color sub-pixels are arranged alternately along a third direction to form a first group, and multiple third-color sub-pixels and multiple second-color sub-pixels are arranged alternately along a third direction to form a second group. The first and second groups are distributed alternately along a fourth direction. The second-color sub-pixels in the second group overlap with the first-color sub-pixels in the first group in the fourth direction, and the second-color sub-pixels in the first group alternate with the third-color sub-pixels in the second group in the fourth direction. The aforementioned U direction corresponds to each second-color sub-pixel; for some second-color sub-pixels, the U direction is the fourth direction, and for some second-color sub-pixels, the U direction is the third direction.

[0109] In some embodiments, the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel may also have the same color. For example, the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel may have the same emitted color (e.g., they may have the same light-emitting layer material or the same light-emitting device structure). In some embodiments, for example, the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel may have the same emitted color. For example, a fourth color sub-pixel may also be included, and the emitted color of the fourth color sub-pixel may be different from the emitted colors of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel, or the emitted color of the fourth color sub-pixel may be the same as the emitted color of one of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel.

[0110] In the above embodiments, the emission color, size, shape, and positional distribution of each sub-pixel can be freely combined. For example, the size and shape of each sub-pixel can be partially the same, partially different, completely identical, or completely different. For example, some sub-pixels may be the same size but different shapes. For example, some sub-pixels may have roughly the same shape outline but different area sizes. For example, a first color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of second color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these second color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the first color sub-pixel. For example, a second color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of third color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these first color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the second color sub-pixels. For example, there can be different numbers of second-color sub-pixels around the third-color sub-pixel, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. The distance between these second-color sub-pixels and the third-color sub-pixel can be approximately equal, partially equal, or partially unequal.

[0111] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of third color sub-pixels 300 include a plurality of third effective light-emitting areas 301. The area of ​​a second effective light-emitting area 201 is smaller than the area of ​​a third effective light-emitting area 301. The plurality of third color sub-pixels 300 include a plurality of third color light-emitting layers 310 located within a corresponding opening 401 and on a pixel limiting layer 400 surrounding the corresponding opening 401. The plurality of third color light-emitting layers 310 included in the plurality of third color sub-pixels 300 are spaced apart from each other. The area ratio of the orthographic projection of the third color light-emitting layer 310 and the third effective light-emitting area 301 of the same third color sub-pixel 300 onto the substrate is a third area ratio, which is smaller than the second area ratio.

[0112] For example, the third area ratio is greater than 1. For example, the range of the third area ratio can be 1~10. For example, the range of the third area ratio can be 2-8. For example, the range of the third area ratio can be 3-7. For example, the range of the first area ratio is approximately 3-5. For example, the range of the third area ratio can be 3-5. For example, the range of the second area ratio is approximately 5-7. For example, the first area ratio is approximately 4-5. For example, the range of the second area ratio is approximately 6-7. For example, the range of the third area ratio is approximately 3-4. For example, the range of the third area ratio is 1.5-7. For example, the range of the third area ratio is 2-3. For example, the range of the third area ratio is 3-4.

[0113] For example, the first color subpixel 100 is a red subpixel, the second color subpixel 200 is a green subpixel, and the third color subpixel 300 is a blue subpixel.

[0114] For example, the luminous efficiency of the third color sub-pixel is less than that of the second color sub-pixel.

[0115] For example, the luminous efficiency of the third color sub-pixel is less than that of the first color sub-pixel.

[0116] For example, the ratio of the luminous efficiency of the third color sub-pixel to that of the second color sub-pixel is 0.3:1. For example, the ratio is 0.4:1. For example, the ratio is 0.5:1. For example, the ratio is 0.6:1. For example, the ratio is 0.7:1. For example, the ratio is 0.8:1. For example, the ratio is 0.9:1.

[0117] For example, the ratio of the luminous efficiency of the third color sub-pixel to that of the first color sub-pixel is 0.5-1. For example, the ratio is 0.6-1. For example, the ratio is 0.7-1. For example, the ratio is 0.8-1. For example, the ratio is 0.9-1.

[0118] For example, the third area ratio corresponding to the third color sub-pixel is less than the second area ratio corresponding to the second color sub-pixel.

[0119] For example, the third area ratio corresponding to the third color sub-pixel is less than the first area ratio corresponding to the first color sub-pixel.

[0120] For example, the luminous efficiency of a subpixel refers to the intensity of light emitted by its light-emitting device under the same electrical signal conditions; higher light intensity indicates higher luminous efficiency. For example, the same electrical signal conditions mean that the voltage applied to the data lines is the same. For example, the same electrical signal conditions mean that the current applied to the light-emitting device is the same. For example, the luminous efficiency of a subpixel refers to the current density flowing through the light-emitting device under the same electrical signal conditions.

[0121] For example, the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is greater than that of the second color sub-pixel.

[0122] For example, the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is greater than that of the first color sub-pixel.

[0123] For example, the aperture ratio of the third color subpixel refers to the proportion of the display area where the third color subpixel is actually used for emitting light.

[0124] For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.1-1.9). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.2-1.8). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.3-1.7). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.4-1.6). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.2-1.5).

[0125] For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel to that of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.1-1.9). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel to that of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.2-1.8). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel to that of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.3-1.7). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel to that of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.4-1.6). For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel to that of the third color sub-pixel is approximately 1:(1.2-1.5).

[0126] For example, the number of second-color sub-pixels in the display area is greater than the number of first-color sub-pixels.

[0127] For example, the ratio of the number of second-color subpixels to the number of first-color subpixels in the display area is approximately 2.

[0128] For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.5-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.5-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.6-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.7-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.8-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 0.9-1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 1-1.1. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 1-1.2. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 1-1.3. For example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 1-1.4. Or, for example, the ratio of the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel to the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel is 1-1.5.

[0129] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 3 As shown, the third color sub-pixel 300 includes a third effective light-emitting region 301, and the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting region 201 is smaller than the area of ​​the third effective light-emitting region 301. Each third color sub-pixel 300 includes a third color light-emitting layer 310 located within an opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400 and on the pixel defining layer 400, and the multiple third color light-emitting layers 310 included in the multiple third color sub-pixels 300 are spaced apart from each other. The area ratio of the orthographic projection of the third color light-emitting layer 310 of each third color sub-pixel 300 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the third effective light-emitting region 301 onto the substrate 10 is less than the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the second color light-emitting layer 210 of each second color sub-pixel 200 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the second effective light-emitting region 201 onto the substrate 10. In this embodiment, the area ratio of the second color emitting layer to the second effective emitting area of ​​the second color sub-pixel is set to be greater than the area ratio of the third color emitting layer to the third effective emitting area of ​​the third color sub-pixel. This allows for a larger margin in the vapor deposition process for the second color sub-pixel, which has a relatively small effective emitting area. This results in a more stable quality of the second color emitting layer formed in the second effective emitting area, thereby reducing the impact of deviations or fluctuations caused by the vapor deposition process on the display quality of each sub-pixel.

[0130] In some embodiments, the area sizes of the first effective light-emitting area of ​​the first color sub-pixel, the second effective light-emitting area of ​​the second color sub-pixel, and the third effective light-emitting area of ​​the third color sub-pixel do not meet the conditions of the above embodiments (for example, the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting area 201 is not less than the area of ​​the third effective light-emitting area 301, or the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting area 201 is not less than the area of ​​the first effective light-emitting area 101). However, due to the high process precision requirements for a certain color, or due to some characteristics of the light-emitting layer material of that color (such as diffusion, volatility, adhesion, etc.), the area ratio of the corresponding light-emitting layer to the effective light-emitting area of ​​the color sub-pixel can be set to be greater than or less than the corresponding area ratio of other color sub-pixels. In some embodiments, due to different application scenarios, display conditions, or display areas, the area ratio of the corresponding light-emitting layer to the effective light-emitting area of ​​different sub-pixels may be set to be greater or less than the corresponding area ratio of other sub-pixels, without necessarily satisfying the aforementioned relationship between the size of the effective light-emitting area, the relationship between luminous efficiency, or the relationship between aperture ratio. That is, the relationship between the size of the effective light-emitting area, the relationship between luminous efficiency, or the relationship between aperture ratio are not necessary conditions for the area ratio of the light-emitting layer to the effective light-emitting area. Factors affecting the area ratio of the light-emitting layer to the effective light-emitting area may also include process, material, specific application, and form factor. For example, Figures 1A to 3 As shown, the area of ​​the first effective light-emitting region 101 of each first color sub-pixel 100 is smaller than the area of ​​the third effective light-emitting region 301 of each third color sub-pixel 300. Considering the different lifetimes and luminous efficiencies of the light-emitting materials in the light-emitting layers of different color sub-pixels, the area of ​​the effective light-emitting region of each red sub-pixel is set to be smaller than the area of ​​the effective light-emitting region of each blue sub-pixel.

[0131] For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the first color emitting layer 110 of each first color sub-pixel 100 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the first effective emitting area 101 onto the substrate 10 is greater than the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the third color emitting layer 310 of each third color sub-pixel 300 onto the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection of the third effective emitting area 301 onto the substrate 10. In this embodiment, setting the area ratio of the first color emitting layer to the first effective emitting area of ​​the first color sub-pixel to be greater than the area ratio of the third color emitting layer to the third effective emitting area of ​​the third color sub-pixel allows for a relatively larger margin in the vapor deposition process for second color sub-pixels with relatively small individual effective emitting areas. This results in a more stable quality of the second color emitting layer formed within the second effective emitting area, thereby reducing the impact of deviations or fluctuations in the vapor deposition process on the display quality of each sub-pixel. That is, the ratio of the area of ​​the first color light-emitting layer of a first color sub-pixel overlapping with the light-emitting layers of other sub-pixels to the area of ​​the orthogonal projection of the first color light-emitting layer on the substrate, and the ratio of the area of ​​the third color light-emitting layer of a third color sub-pixel overlapping with the light-emitting layers of other sub-pixels to the area of ​​the orthogonal projection of the third color light-emitting layer on the substrate are both less than the ratio of the area of ​​the second color light-emitting layer of a second color sub-pixel overlapping with the light-emitting layers of other sub-pixels to the area of ​​the orthogonal projection of the second color light-emitting layer on the substrate.

[0132] For example, such as Figure 1A and Figure 1C As shown in the schematic embodiment of this disclosure, the openings 401 defining the effective light-emitting areas of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 are both square or octagonal in shape, that is, the first effective light-emitting area 101 and the third effective light-emitting area 301 are both square in shape; the opening shape of the mask for forming the light-emitting layer of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 is also square or octagonal, that is, the planar shapes of the first color light-emitting layer 110 and the third color light-emitting layer 310 are both approximately square; the opening 401 for forming the second effective light-emitting area 201 of the second color sub-pixel 200 is elliptical in shape, and the opening shape of the mask for forming the second color light-emitting layer 210 is circular.

[0133] For example, the first color emitting layer 110 is approximately square or rhomboid, and the side length of the opening of its corresponding photomask can be 33 micrometers. The opening 401 defining the first effective emitting area 101 is approximately square or rhomboid, and its side length can be 15.2 micrometers. For example, the second color emitting layer 210 is approximately circular or octagonal, and the diameter of the opening of its corresponding photomask can be 33 micrometers. The opening 401 defining the second effective emitting area 201 is approximately elliptical, olive-shaped, hexagonal, octagonal, or rectangular, with a major axis of 14 micrometers and a minor axis of 12 micrometers. For example, the diameter of an octagon can be the dimension perpendicular to a pair of sides through its geometric center. For example, the third color emitting layer 310 is approximately square or rhomboid, and the length of the diagonal of the opening of its corresponding photomask can be 50 micrometers. The opening 401 defining the third effective emitting area 301 is approximately square or rhomboid, and its side length can be 18.3 micrometers. For example, the major axis of a hexagon, octagon, or rectangle can be its length direction, and the minor axis can be its width direction, such as the direction perpendicular to the major axis. The dimensions of both the major and minor axes are their maximum dimensions in their respective directions. For example, the above polygonal shapes can be rounded corner shapes.

[0134] For example, the area (planar area) of the orthographic projection of the first color emitting layer 110 of the first color sub-pixel 100 onto the substrate 10 can be 900-1200 square micrometers, for example 1000-1100 square micrometers, and the area of ​​the first effective emitting region 101 can be 150-300 square micrometers, for example 220-240 square micrometers, with a ratio of 3-6, for example 4-5. Similarly, the planar area of ​​the second color emitting layer 210 of the second color sub-pixel 200 can be 700-1000 square micrometers, for example 800-900 square micrometers, and the area of ​​the second effective emitting region 201 can be 100-200 square micrometers, for example 100-150 square micrometers, with a ratio of 5-8, for example 6-7. For example, the area of ​​the planar shape of the third color emitting layer 310 of the third color sub-pixel 300 can be 1000-1500 square micrometers, for example, 1200-1300 square micrometers, and the area of ​​the third effective emitting region 301 can be 200-500 square micrometers, for example, 300-400 square micrometers. The ratio between the two can be 2-6, for example, 3-4. Based on the above data, it can be seen that the ratio of the area of ​​the planar shape of the second color emitting layer of the second color sub-pixel to the area of ​​the second effective emitting region is greater than the ratio of the area of ​​the planar shape of the first color emitting layer of the first color sub-pixel to the area of ​​the first effective emitting region, and the ratio of the area of ​​the planar shape of the first color emitting layer of the first color sub-pixel to the area of ​​the first effective emitting region is greater than the ratio of the area of ​​the planar shape of the third color emitting layer of the third color sub-pixel to the area of ​​the third effective emitting region.

[0135] For example, such as Figures 1A to 3 As shown, the first color emitting layer 110 and the second color emitting layer 210, which are arranged adjacently along the third direction, overlap, and the second color emitting layer 210 and the third color emitting layer 310, which are arranged adjacently along the fourth direction, overlap. That is, the boundary of the second color emitting layer 210 may have a small overlap with the boundary of the first color emitting layer 110, and the boundary of the second color emitting layer 210 may also have a small overlap with the boundary of the third color emitting layer 310, thereby improving the resolution of the display panel and improving the process precision. In this embodiment, "overlap" refers to the overlap of the two overlapping layers along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, i.e., the orthogonal projections of the two layers onto the substrate have an overlapping portion.

[0136] For example, the formation order of each sub-pixel emissive layer can be: a first color emissive layer, a second color emissive layer, and a third color emissive layer, or a third color emissive layer, a first color emissive layer, and a second color emissive layer. For instance, taking the order of forming the first color emissive layer, the second color emissive layer, and the third color emissive layer as an example, the boundary of the third color emissive layer overlaps the boundary of the second color emissive layer, and the boundary of the second color emissive layer overlaps the boundary of the first color emissive layer. For instance, if the planar shapes of the first and third color emissive layers are both rectangular, then the emissive layers at their opposite corners may or may not overlap. The planar shape of the second color emissive layer is circular or elliptical, and the position of the second color emissive layer near the corner of the first color emissive layer may not overlap with it, nor may the position of the second color emissive layer near the corner of the third color emissive layer overlap it.

[0137] For example, such as Figures 1A to 3 As shown, the area ratio of the portion of the first color emitting layer 110 of a first color sub-pixel 100 overlapping with the emitting layers of other sub-pixels and the area ratio of the orthogonal projection of the first color emitting layer 110 onto the substrate 10, and the area ratio of the portion of the third color emitting layer 310 of a third color sub-pixel 300 overlapping with the emitting layers of other sub-pixels and the area ratio of the orthogonal projection of the third color emitting layer 310 onto the substrate 10, are both less than the area ratio of the portion of the second color emitting layer 210 of a second color sub-pixel 200 overlapping with the emitting layers of other sub-pixels and the area ratio of the orthogonal projection of the second color emitting layer 210 onto the substrate 10.

[0138] For example, the second color emitting layer 210 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with other color sub-pixels in both the third and fourth directions. For example, the boundary of the second color emitting layer 210 overlaps with the boundary of the adjacent first color emitting layer 110 in the length direction of its effective emitting area, and the boundary of the second color emitting layer 210 overlaps with the boundary of the adjacent third color emitting layer 310 in the width direction of its effective emitting area.

[0139] For example, such as Figures 1A to 3 As shown, the adjacent first color emitting layer 110 and third color emitting layer 310 do not overlap, that is, the boundary of the first color emitting layer 110 may not overlap with the boundary of the adjacent third color emitting layer 310. The above-mentioned "adjacent" means that there are no other first color emitting layer or third color emitting layer between the first color emitting layer and the third color emitting layer, and may mean that the two are adjacent along at least one of the first direction, the second direction, the third direction, and the fourth direction.

[0140] For example, the overlap area of ​​adjacent first color light-emitting layer 110 and third color light-emitting layer 310 is smaller than the overlap area of ​​adjacent first color light-emitting layer 110 and second color light-emitting layer 210, and the overlap area of ​​adjacent first color light-emitting layer 110 and third color light-emitting layer 310 is smaller than the overlap area of ​​adjacent third color light-emitting layer 310 and second color light-emitting layer 210.

[0141] For example, the maximum size of the overlapping portion of the boundaries of adjacent first color emitting layers 110 and third color emitting layers 310 in the first direction, and the maximum size of the overlapping portion of the boundaries of adjacent first color emitting layers 110 and third color emitting layers 310 in the second direction, are both smaller than the maximum size of the overlapping portion of the boundaries of adjacent first color emitting layers 110 and second color emitting layers 210 along the third direction, and the maximum size of the overlapping portion of the boundaries of adjacent second color emitting layers 210 and third color emitting layers 310 along the fourth direction. In this embodiment, since the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second color emitting layer on the substrate is the smallest, setting the overlapping area of ​​the second color emitting layer with other color emitting layers to be larger can improve the process accuracy of the second color sub-pixel.

[0142] For example, the distance between the center of the light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel and the center of the corresponding effective light-emitting area, i.e., the pixel position accuracy (PPA) deviation, is less than 6 micrometers. For example, the PPA deviation can be ±3 micrometers. For example, when the display panel provided in this embodiment is applied to an automotive product, the PPA deviation of each sub-pixel can be ±5 to ±6 micrometers. For example, when the display panel provided in this embodiment is applied to a display device with high PPI characteristics, the PPA deviation of each sub-pixel can be ±1.5 micrometers.

[0143] For example, if the area of ​​the second color emissive layer of the second color sub-pixel is the smallest, then its ppa deviation accounts for the largest proportion of the size of the emissive layer.

[0144] The aforementioned PPA deviation reflects the alignment accuracy between the fine metal mask and the display panel, and is directly reflected in the alignment accuracy between the opening of the mask and the opening of the corresponding pixel-limiting layer of the sub-pixel. The opening of the mask is used to form the light-emitting layer, so one aspect of the alignment accuracy between the FMM (fine metal mask) and the display panel is the distance between the center of the light-emitting layer and the center of the opening of the corresponding pixel-limiting layer.

[0145] For example, such as Figures 1A to 3 As shown, the width of the flat surface 403 of the pixel defining layer 400 on the side away from the substrate 10 of the adjacent first effective light-emitting area 101 and second effective light-emitting area 201 along a third or fourth direction is approximately equal to the width of the flat surface 403 of the pixel defining layer 400 between the adjacent second effective light-emitting area 201 and third effective light-emitting area 301 along a fourth or third direction. That is, the gap (PDL gap) between pixel defining layers of different colors is approximately equal. For example, the distance between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas along a third or fourth direction is approximately equal to the distance between adjacent second and third effective light-emitting areas along a fourth or third direction. For example, the distance between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas along the length direction of the second effective light-emitting area is approximately equal to the distance between adjacent second and third effective light-emitting areas along the width direction of the second effective light-emitting area.

[0146] For example, the width of the pixel defining layer between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas along a third direction ranges from 15 to 25 micrometers; in a plane parallel to the substrate and along a third direction, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas that is away from the substrate, covered by the first color light-emitting layer, is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer. For example, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas that is away from the substrate, covered by the second color light-emitting layer, is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer. For example, the width of the pixel defining layer between adjacent third and second effective light-emitting areas along a third direction ranges from 15 to 25 micrometers. For example, in a plane parallel to the substrate and along a third direction, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer between adjacent third and second effective light-emitting areas that is away from the substrate, covered by the third color light-emitting layer, is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer. For example, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer on the side away from the substrate between an adjacent third effective light-emitting region and a second effective light-emitting region that is covered by the second color light-emitting layer is 0.3-0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer.

[0147] For example, the width of the pixel defining layer 400 between adjacent first effective light-emitting areas 101 and second effective light-emitting areas 201 along the length direction of the second effective light-emitting area 201 can range from 15 to 25 micrometers, meaning the size of the PDL gap is approximately 15 to 25 micrometers. For example, the size of the PDL gap is approximately 16 to 18 micrometers. For example, when a slope exists at the opening location of the pixel defining layer, the width of the flat surface 403 of the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the size of the PDL gap.

[0148] For example, the width of the flat surface 403 covering the pixel limiting layer 400 in the light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel limiting layer 400. For example, the width of the flat surface 403 covering the pixel limiting layer 400 in the light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel is 0.4 to 0.6 times the width of the flat surface 403.

[0149] For example, in a plane parallel to the substrate and along the length direction (e.g., a third direction) of the second effective light-emitting area, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas that is covered by the first color light-emitting layer is 0.3-0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer. For example, in a plane parallel to the substrate and along the length direction (e.g., a third direction) of the second effective light-emitting area, the portion of the surface of the pixel defining layer between adjacent first and second effective light-emitting areas that is covered by the second color light-emitting layer is 0.3-0.8 times the width of the pixel defining layer.

[0150] For example, the width of the pixel-defining layer at each location can be the dimension along a direction approximately perpendicular to the center line of the pixel-defining layer at that location, and passing through the center of the adjacent effective light-emitting area. For example, within the display area, the pixel-defining layer is grid-like, and the center line of the pixel-defining layer at each location ( Figure 17B The center line (CL) shown can be the center line of the pixel-defined segment in the extension direction of the grid. The center line is parallel to the extension direction of the pixel-defined segment and can divide the pixel-defined segment into two parts with approximately equal areas on both sides.

[0151] In order to achieve a tight arrangement of each color sub-pixel and to ensure that each sub-pixel has a similar manufacturing precision, each light-emitting layer not only covers the opening of the corresponding pixel limiting layer, but also covers approximately half the width of the flat surface between adjacent openings.

[0152] For example, a second color sub-pixel 200 has a length direction in the third direction and a width direction in the fourth direction. A first color emitting layer 110 covers the pixel limiting layer 400 between adjacent first color sub-pixels 100 and the second color sub-pixel 200. The width of the portion of the first color emitting layer 110 covering the flat surface 403 of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the third direction is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the third direction (or fourth direction). A second color emitting layer 210 covers the pixel limiting layer 400 between adjacent first color sub-pixels 100 and second color sub-pixels 200. The width of the portion of the second color emitting layer 210 covering the flat surface 403 of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the third direction is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the third direction.

[0153] For example, the length direction of a second color sub-pixel 200 is the third direction, and the width direction is the fourth direction. The third color emitting layer 310 covers the pixel limiting layer 400 between adjacent third color sub-pixels 300 and second color sub-pixels 200, and the width of the portion of the third color emitting layer 310 covering the flat surface 403 of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the fourth direction is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the fourth direction. The second color emitting layer 210 covers the pixel limiting layer 400 between adjacent third color sub-pixels 300 and second color sub-pixels 200, and the width of the portion of the second color emitting layer 210 covering the flat surface 403 of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the fourth direction is 0.3 to 0.8 times the width of the pixel limiting layer 400 along the fourth direction.

[0154] For example, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the edge region of each emissive layer includes a ring-shaped region 'a', which extends approximately a certain width from the outer edge towards the center. During the fabrication of the emissive layers for each color sub-pixel, each color emissive layer may form a shadow region due to uneven diffusion outwards and inwards caused by process variations. For example, this ring-shaped region includes the shadow region. The ring-shaped region is located at the edge region of the emissive layer, and its width 'a' can be 1-4 micrometers, for example, 3-4 micrometers, or for example, 1-3 micrometers. For example, the average thickness of the emissive layer in the ring-shaped region is less than the average thickness of the emissive layer in the effective emissive region. For example, the emissive layers in the ring-shaped region are all located outside the opening of the pixel defining layer, for example, on the pixel defining layer. For example, the ring-shaped region of each emissive layer overlaps with the centerline of the corresponding pixel defining layer along its extension direction. For example, the average thickness of the emissive layer in the ring-shaped region is less than or equal to 90% of the average thickness of the emissive layer within the opening of the pixel defining layer. For example, the average thickness of the emissive layer in the ring-shaped region is less than or equal to 95% of the average thickness of the emissive layer within the opening of the pixel defining layer. For example, the average thickness of the emissive layer in the ring-shaped region is less than or equal to 80% of the average thickness of the emissive layer within the opening of the pixel defining layer.

[0155] For example, taking the first color emitting layer 110 as an example, the edge regions of the first color emitting layer 110 near the adjacent second color emitting layer 210 and the adjacent third color emitting layer 310 can all be annular regions. The width of the annular region of the first color emitting layer 110 near the second color emitting layer 210 along the third direction is a. The width of the annular region of the first color emitting layer 110 near the second color emitting layer 210 along the first direction is a. The width of the annular region of the first color emitting layer 110 near the second color emitting layer 210 along the second direction is a.

[0156] For example, the annular areas of adjacent patterns of different colored light-emitting layers overlap. For example, the annular areas of the red light-emitting layer and the green light-emitting layer overlap. For example, the annular areas of the green light-emitting layer and the blue light-emitting layer overlap. For example, the annular areas of the red light-emitting layer and the blue light-emitting layer overlap. For example, in at least some areas, the annular areas of the red, green, and blue light-emitting layers all overlap.

[0157] For example, the spacing between light-emitting layers of the same color is no less than 10 micrometers. For example, the spacing between light-emitting layers of the same color is no less than 12 micrometers. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of green sub-pixels is no less than 11 micrometers. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of red sub-pixels is greater than the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of green sub-pixels. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of red sub-pixels is no less than 15 micrometers. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of red sub-pixels is no less than 20 micrometers. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of blue sub-pixels is greater than the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of green sub-pixels. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of blue sub-pixels is no less than 14 micrometers. For example, the minimum spacing between light-emitting layers of blue sub-pixels is no less than 18 micrometers.

[0158] For example, if the width of the pixel-limiting layer between adjacent sub-pixels is a' (i.e., the width of the PDL gap is a'), and the width of the overlapping portion of adjacent light-emitting layers is o, then o ≥ a and < (0.5 × a') - a. For example, if the dimension of the overlapping portion of adjacent first and second color light-emitting layers along the third direction is o1, o1 ≥ a and < (0.5 × a') - a; and the dimension of the pixel-limiting layer between adjacent third and second color light-emitting layers along the fourth direction is a', and the dimension of the overlapping portion of adjacent third and second color light-emitting layers along the fourth direction is o2, o2 ≥ a and < (0.5 × a') - a.

[0159] For example, such as Figures 1A to 3 As shown, in each light-emitting layer, the portion located on the flat surface 403 of the pixel limiting layer 400 has an area that does not overlap with the light-emitting layers of other sub-pixels, which is larger than the area that overlaps with the light-emitting layers of other sub-pixels.

[0160] For example, along the third direction, in the portion of the first color emitting layer 110 located on the flat surface 403, the size of the portion overlapping with the second color emitting layer 210 is smaller than the size of the portion not overlapping with the second color emitting layer 210; along the third direction, in the portion of the second color emitting layer 210 located on the flat surface 403, the size of the portion overlapping with the first color emitting layer 110 is smaller than the size of the portion not overlapping with the first color emitting layer 110.

[0161] For example, along the fourth direction, in the portion of the third color emitting layer 310 located on the flat surface 403, the size of the portion overlapping with the second color emitting layer 210 is smaller than the size of the portion not overlapping with the second color emitting layer 210; along the fourth direction, in the portion of the second color emitting layer 210 located on the flat surface 403, the size of the portion overlapping with the third color emitting layer 310 is smaller than the size of the portion not overlapping with the third color emitting layer 310.

[0162] For example, such as Figure 2As shown, on one side of the PDL gap center line, the width of the portion of the light-emitting layer on the pixel-limiting layer that does not overlap with the adjacent light-emitting layer is greater than the width of the portion that overlaps with the adjacent light-emitting layer.

[0163] For example, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first color sub-pixel 100 further includes a second electrode 120 located between the first color emitting layer 110 and the substrate; the second color sub-pixel 200 further includes a second electrode 220 located between the second color emitting layer 210 and the substrate; and the third color sub-pixel 300 further includes a second electrode 320 located between the third color emitting layer 310 and the substrate. The second electrode of each sub-pixel overlaps with the pixel defining layer 400 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, but the size of the overlapping area is smaller than the size of the overlapping portion between the emitting layer and the pixel defining layer 400 of the corresponding sub-pixel, and also smaller than the size of the overlapping portion between the emitting layer of the corresponding sub-pixel and the emitting layer of the adjacent sub-pixel.

[0164] For example, the second electrode in each sub-pixel includes the main electrode (reference). Figure 13A From the center of the effective light-emitting area towards the edge, the size of the overlapping portion between the main electrode and the pixel defining layer is no larger than the size of the overlapping portion between the light-emitting layer and the pixel defining layer. For example, in each sub-pixel, the shape of the main electrode is approximately the same as, or approximates, the shape of the effective light-emitting area. (Reference) Figure 13A In the first color sub-pixel, the shape of the main electrode 121 is roughly the same as the shape of the first effective light-emitting area 101, for example, both are approximately square.

[0165] For example, in a display panel, the overall aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel 100 can be 4%-5.5%, for example 4%-5%, for example 4.81%; the overall aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel 200 can be 4%-7%, for example 5%-6%, for example 5.49%; the overall aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel 300 can be 5%-8%, for example 6%-7%, for example 6.97%. The PDL gap can be 18-25 micrometers, for example approximately 24 micrometers, for example approximately 23 micrometers, for example approximately 22 micrometers, for example approximately 21 micrometers, for example approximately 20 micrometers, for example approximately 19 micrometers. The distance between the second electrodes of adjacent sub-pixels can be 1-6 micrometers, for example 2-4 micrometers, for example 2-3 micrometers, for example 2.5 micrometers. The width of the overlap between the second electrode and the pixel defining layer can be 0.5-4 micrometers, for example 1-3 micrometers, for example 1-2 micrometers, for example 1.5-1.7 micrometers.

[0166] For example, the aperture ratio of the first color sub-pixel can be 4.45%, the aperture ratio of the second color sub-pixel can be 6.20%, and the aperture ratio of the third color sub-pixel can be 8.53%. For example, the PDL gap can be 19 micrometers. For example, the distance between the second electrodes of adjacent sub-pixels can be 5 micrometers, and the width of the overlap between the second electrode and the pixel defining layer can be 2.5 micrometers.

[0167] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dimension b along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 120 in the first color sub-pixel 100 and the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the dimension c along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the first color emitting layer 110 and the pixel defining layer 400. Similarly, the dimension along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 220 in the second color sub-pixel 200 and the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the dimension along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the second color emitting layer 210 and the pixel defining layer 400.

[0168] It should be noted that the second electrode of each sub-pixel includes a main electrode (described later) and a connecting electrode connected to the main electrode (described later), and the connecting electrode is configured to be connected to the pixel circuit (described later). For example, the "overlapping portion of the second electrode and the pixel defining layer" mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure can refer to the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode and the pixel defining layer.

[0169] For example, the dimension b of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 120 in the first color sub-pixel 100 can be smaller than the dimension along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the first color emitting layer 110 and the adjacent second color emitting layer 210. Similarly, the dimension along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 220 in the second color sub-pixel 200 and the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the dimension along a third direction of the overlapping portion of the second color emitting layer 210 and the adjacent first color emitting layer 110.

[0170] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dimension d along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 220 in the second color sub-pixel 200 and the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the dimension e along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the second color emitting layer 210 and the pixel defining layer 400. Similarly, the dimension along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the main electrode of the second electrode 320 in the third color sub-pixel 300 and the pixel defining layer 400 is smaller than the dimension along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the third color emitting layer 310 and the pixel defining layer 400.

[0171] For example, the size d of the overlapping portion of the second electrode 220 in the second color sub-pixel 200 is smaller than the size along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the second color emitting layer 210 and the adjacent third color emitting layer 310. Similarly, the size along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the second electrode 320 and the pixel defining layer 400 in the third color sub-pixel 300 is smaller than the size along the fourth direction of the overlapping portion of the third color emitting layer 310 and the adjacent second color emitting layer 210.

[0172] For example, the width of the overlap area between the pixel limiting layer 400 and the main electrode of each second electrode is greater than 1.7 micrometers, for example, greater than 2 micrometers. If the size of the portion of the main electrode of each second electrode covered by the pixel limiting layer is too large, it will lead to a decrease in the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel. However, if the edges of the main electrode of the second electrode are not covered by the pixel limiting layer, it is easy to cause problems such as breakdown and short circuit at the corners of the main electrode. Therefore, while avoiding breakdown, minimizing the overlap area between the pixel limiting layer and the second electrode can maximize the aperture ratio, increase display brightness, and reduce power consumption.

[0173] In some embodiments, the display panel may not have touch functionality, i.e., it may not include touch electrodes. In some embodiments, the touch electrodes of the display panel may not employ a touch electrode wire and bridging wire arrangement; for example, they may be planar electrodes. In some embodiments, the material of the touch electrodes of the display panel may be metal, metal oxide, or any other conductive material.

[0174] In some embodiments, spacers may be provided on the pixel defining layer. In some embodiments, the spacers on the pixel defining layer may be integrally formed with the pixel defining layer. In some embodiments, there may be no spacers on the pixel defining layer. For example, the spacers are provided on other film layers. For example, the spacers are formed on a opposing substrate. For example, the spacers are formed on a photomask. In some embodiments, the spacers and the pixel defining layer may not overlap. In some embodiments, the size and area of ​​the spacers and the pixel defining layer may not necessarily satisfy the relationship described in the embodiments below. For example, the density of the spacers is relatively high, for example, the ratio of spacers to sub-pixels is approximately equal, for example, the ratio of spacers to sub-pixels is 0.8-1.2. For example, in the direction of the line connecting the centers of the openings of adjacent pixel defining layers, the size of the spacers is comparable to the size of the opening spacing of the pixel defining layers, for example, the ratio is approximately 0.8-1.2.

[0175] With the rapid development of touch sensing technology, many consumer electronics products, such as mobile phones, GPS navigator systems, tablet PCs, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and laptop PCs, incorporate touch functionality. Currently, touchpad technology is highly diversified, with common technologies including resistive, capacitive, and optical touchpads. Capacitive touchpads, due to their high accuracy, multi-touch capability, durability, and high touch resolution, have become the mainstream touch technology. The operating principle of a capacitive touchpad is to use sensing electrodes to detect changes in capacitance at the touch point, and then use touch signal transmission lines connecting these electrodes on different axes to transmit the signal back, thus completing the positioning.

[0176] In one type of capacitive touchpad technology, the sensing electrode is formed of a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide. Since the resistivity of transparent conductive materials is higher than that of metallic conductive materials, using transparent conductive materials to form the sensing electrode can lead to excessively high overall resistance, affecting the response speed. Therefore, replacing the transparent conductive material with a metal mesh formed by interwoven metal circuitry can improve the response speed.

[0177] With the development of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display devices, providing low-cost flexible touch solutions has become a trend. One flexible touch solution includes: fabricating touch electrodes on a thin film (e.g., an encapsulation film layer) to form a touchscreen. The encapsulation film layer can be, for example, a stack of inorganic, organic, and non-electrode layers; the inorganic layer is made of, for example, silicon nitride, and the organic layer is made of, for example, polyimide. After forming the encapsulation film layer, a film layer made of, for example, silicon dioxide is formed on it. Then, on the side of the silicon dioxide film layer away from the encapsulation film layer, a first metal mesh layer, a touch insulating layer, and a second metal mesh layer are sequentially formed.

[0178] Depending on the touch method, capacitive touch screens can be divided into self-capacitive touch screens and mutual-capacitive touch screens. Since mutual-capacitive touch screens can achieve multi-touch, they have become the mainstream product and future development trend in the current touch screen market.

[0179] Figure 4 This is a partial planar structural diagram of the touch structure in the display panel provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows an enlarged view of region C. Figure 6 For along Figure 5 The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by the DD line. Figure 7 For along Figure 5 The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure intercepted by line EE. (See attached diagram.) Figure 6 As shown, each sub-pixel also includes a first electrode located on the side of the light-emitting layer away from the second electrode. For example, taking the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel as examples, the first color sub-pixel 100 includes a first electrode 130, and the second color sub-pixel 200 includes a first electrode 230.

[0180] For example, the first electrode of each sub-pixel can be formed as a continuous film layer, that is, the first electrode is the common electrode of each sub-pixel. For example, an encapsulation layer 500 covering the display area 11 and the peripheral area 12 is also provided on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate, and the encapsulation layer 500 covers each sub-pixel of the display area and the pixel defining layer 400. For example, the encapsulation layer 500 may include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 501, an organic encapsulation layer 502 and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 503 stacked sequentially. For example, a buffer layer 650 may also be provided on the side of the encapsulation layer 500 away from the first electrode, and a touch insulating layer 660 is also provided on the side of the buffer layer 650 away from the encapsulation layer 500. For example, the material of the touch insulating layer 660 may include inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and silicon nitride.

[0181] For example, such as Figures 4 to 7As shown, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel, comprising: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; a plurality of first color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels being arranged along a first direction to form a plurality of first color sub-pixel rows, the plurality of first color sub-pixel rows being arranged along a second direction, and adjacent first color sub-pixel rows being staggered from each other along the first direction; a plurality of second color sub-pixels located in the display area and arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction, four second color sub-pixels surrounding one first color sub-pixel; and a plurality of third color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of third color sub-pixels being arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a first group, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a second group. The first group and the second group are alternately distributed along a fourth direction, and the third direction and the fourth direction intersect with both the first direction and the second direction. A pixel defining layer is located in the display area and the peripheral area. The pixel defining layer includes a plurality of openings to define the effective light-emitting areas of a plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first effective light-emitting areas, the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a plurality of second effective light-emitting areas, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third effective light-emitting areas. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a second color emissive layer located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of first color emissive layers included in the plurality of first color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of second color emissive layers included in the plurality of second color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of third color emissive layers included in the plurality of third color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other.

[0182] The display panel further includes: an encapsulation layer located in the display area and the peripheral area; a first touch electrode layer located on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the substrate, the first touch electrode layer including a plurality of first touch electrodes extending along a first direction and a plurality of second touch electrodes extending along a second direction, each first touch electrode including a plurality of first touch electrode units, each second touch electrode including a plurality of second touch electrode units, the first touch electrode layer including a plurality of touch electrode lines, the plurality of touch electrode lines being intersected to form a plurality of first grids, each first touch electrode unit and each second touch electrode unit including a plurality of connected first grids; a second touch electrode layer including a plurality of connecting bridges, the second touch electrode layer including a plurality of bridging wires, the plurality of bridging wires being intersected to form a second grid, each connecting bridge including a plurality of connected second grids, adjacent second touch electrode units being electrically connected through at least one connecting bridge; and a touch insulating layer located between the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer, the second touch electrode units being electrically connected to the connecting bridges through vias penetrating the touch insulating layer. The orthographic projection of the multiple touch electrode lines located in the display area onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer onto the substrate.

[0183] In some embodiments, the first color sub-pixels, second color sub-pixels, and third color sub-pixels may not be arranged in the manner described in the above embodiments. The touch electrode lines and bridging lines of each touch electrode are located at the intervals of the light-emitting areas of each sub-pixel. For example, their projections may be approximately located within the orthographic projection of the pixel-defining layer onto the substrate. In some embodiments, only a portion of the display panel has touch functionality, and the touch electrode lines and bridging lines of each touch electrode may be disposed only in that portion of the panel. In some embodiments, the touch electrode lines and bridging lines of each touch electrode are located on another substrate opposite to the substrate. In some embodiments, the touch electrode lines and bridging lines of each touch electrode are located on a touch substrate, which is assembled with a substrate having a pixel structure to form a touch-enabled display panel. In some embodiments, the area ratio of the light-emitting layer of a sub-pixel to its corresponding effective light-emitting area in the display panel may be the same as that set in the aforementioned embodiments. In some embodiments, the area ratio of the light-emitting layer of a sub-pixel to its corresponding effective light-emitting area in the display panel may differ from that set in the aforementioned embodiments; that is, the area ratio may not have a specific relationship, or the area ratio of at least some sub-pixels may not satisfy the relationship described in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0184] For example, such as Figures 4 to 7As shown, the display panel also includes a first touch electrode layer 610 and a second touch electrode layer 620 located on the side of the buffer layer 650 away from the encapsulation layer 500. For example, the second touch electrode layer 620 may be located between the first touch electrode layer 610 and the encapsulation layer 500, and a touch insulating layer 660 may be disposed between the first touch electrode layer 610 and the second touch electrode layer 620. This embodiment is not limited to this; the second touch electrode layer 620 may also be located on the side of the first touch electrode layer 610 away from the encapsulation layer 500.

[0185] For example, the first touch electrode layer 610 includes a plurality of first touch electrodes 611 and a plurality of second touch electrodes 612. Each first touch electrode 611 includes a plurality of first touch electrode units 6110 arranged along a first direction, and each second touch electrode 612 includes a plurality of second touch electrode units 6120 arranged along a second direction. The first touch electrode layer 610 includes a plurality of touch electrode lines 6112, which are intersected to form a plurality of first grids 601. Each first touch electrode unit 6110 and each second touch electrode unit 6120 includes a plurality of connected first grids 601. Here, multiple connected first grids refer to multiple first grids that are electrically connected and form an integral structure.

[0186] For example, the second touch electrode layer 620 includes multiple connecting bridges 621, each connecting bridge 621 including multiple bridging wires 6210, which are intersected to form a second grid 602. Each connecting bridge 621 includes multiple interconnected second grids 602, and adjacent second touch electrode units 6120 are electrically connected through at least one connecting bridge 621. Here, multiple interconnected second grids refer to multiple second grids that are electrically connected and form a single structure.

[0187] For example, one of the first touch electrode 611 and the second touch electrode 612 is a touch sensing electrode, and the other is a touch driving electrode. Both the touch sensing electrode and the touch driving electrode are formed in the same electrode layer, namely, the first touch electrode layer 610. One of the touch sensing electrode and the touch driving electrode, for example, multiple first touch electrode units 6110 are directly connected, while the other, for example, multiple second touch electrode units 6120, are disconnected at the locations where adjacent touch driving electrodes are directly connected, and a connecting bridge is formed through another electrode layer. That is, a row of first touch electrode units 6110 arranged along the X direction is directly electrically connected, and a row of second touch electrode units 6120 arranged along the Y direction is electrically connected through a connecting bridge 621 in the second touch electrode layer 620.

[0188] For example, Figures 4 to 5 The diagram schematically shows two adjacent second touch electrode units 6120 electrically connected by two connecting bridges 621, but it is not limited to this and they can also be electrically connected by one or more connecting bridges.

[0189] For example, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the orthographic projection of the multiple touch electrode lines 6112 located in the display area onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the pixel limiting layer 400 onto the substrate, meaning that the linewidth of each touch electrode line 6112 is smaller than the PDLgap. The linewidth of each touch electrode line 6112 is 2-5 micrometers. For example, the linewidth of each touch electrode line 6112 can be 3 micrometers. For example, the material of the touch electrode lines can include metal. For example, the material of the touch electrode lines can include a Ti / Al / Ti three-layer structure. Because the touch electrode lines include metal and have a certain width and thickness, they provide some obstruction to the light emission of each color sub-pixel. In order to ensure that the touch electrode lines do not affect the overall display balance, the linewidth of the touch electrode lines can be set to be relatively narrow, and they do not overlap with the effective light-emitting areas of each sub-pixel.

[0190] For example, the line width of the touch electrode line 6112 can be the same as the line width of the bridging line 6210 for ease of manufacturing, but it is not limited to this; the line width of the bridging line can also be greater than the line width of the touch electrode line.

[0191] For example, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, within the display area, over 80% of the orthographic projection of the center line extending along the extension direction of the touch electrode line 6112 of the pixel-defining layer segment overlapping with the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate. For example, within the display area, over 90% of the orthographic projection of the center line extending along the extension direction of the touch electrode line 6112 of the pixel-defining layer segment overlapping with the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate. For example, except for the broken portion of the touch electrode line 6112, the orthographic projection of the center line extending along the extension direction of the touch electrode line 6112 of the pixel-defining layer segment overlapping with the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate lies essentially within the orthographic projection of the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate. For example, the center line of the pixel definition layer extending along the extension direction of the touch electrode line can also be the dividing line of half the width of the pixel definition layer between the effective light-emitting areas of different color sub-pixels.

[0192] In some embodiments, the extension direction of each portion of the touch electrode line 6112 or bridging line may not be exactly the same as the extension direction of the corresponding pixel-defining layer segment, for example, there may be a certain angle. For example, the angle is 0-30 degrees. In some embodiments, some pixel-defining layers are irregular or curved portions, for example, some areas have notches or protrusions, and their extension direction may be the direction of the main body portion or the general direction of the curved portion.

[0193] In this embodiment, the touch electrode line is positioned in the middle of the PDL gap. For example, the center line of the pixel limiting layer is covered by the touch electrode line, which can prevent the touch electrode line from affecting the overall display balance of the display panel.

[0194] For example, the orthographic projection of the center line extending along the extension direction of the bridging line 6210 on the surface of the pixel defining layer 400 away from the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the bridging line 6210 on the substrate. In this embodiment, the touch electrode line is positioned in the middle of the PDL gap, and for example, the center line of the pixel defining layer is covered by the bridging line, which prevents the bridging line from affecting the overall display balance of the display panel.

[0195] For example, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the first electrode, touch electrode line 6112, and bridging line 6210 located within the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel do not overlap. Furthermore, the thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the second touch electrode layer 620 within the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel is greater than the thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the second touch electrode layer 620 located in the non-light-emitting area. Because the second touch electrode layer is formed on the encapsulation film, the distance between the first electrode and the second touch electrode layer is relatively small. Since the signal on the first electrode is the signal that drives the light-emitting layer to emit light, while the signal on the touch electrode layer is the touch electrode signal, and these two signals are different, interference can occur if the distance is too close. Therefore, by making the insulating layer between the first electrode and the touch electrode layer within the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel thicker, signal interference between the first electrode and the touch electrode layer can be effectively reduced to prevent affecting normal display or touch accuracy.

[0196] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first electrode of multiple sub-pixels is a whole film layer. The distance between the first electrode located in the effective display area and the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer, and the touch electrode layer closer to the first electrode, is greater than the distance between the first electrode located on the pixel limiting layer and the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer, and the touch electrode layer closer to the first electrode.

[0197] For example, the first electrode is a single, continuous film layer, and the distance between the first electrode located within the effective light-emitting region and the first touch electrode layer is greater than the distance between the first electrode located outside the effective light-emitting region and the first touch electrode layer. For example, the first electrode located outside the effective light-emitting region is a portion formed on the side of the pixel-defining layer solid structure away from the substrate and overlapping with the pixel-defining layer solid structure. For example, there are only some light-emitting functional film layers between the first electrode located outside the effective light-emitting region and the pixel-defining layer solid structure, and these light-emitting functional film layers are in contact with both the first electrode outside the effective light-emitting region and the pixel-defining layer solid structure.

[0198] For example, within the display area, the total thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the first touch electrode layer, and between the second touch electrode layer and the touch electrode layer located within the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel, is greater than the total thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the first touch electrode layer, and between the second touch electrode layer and the touch electrode layer located outside the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel, is also greater than the total thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the first touch electrode layer, and between the second touch electrode layer and the touch electrode layer located outside the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel. For example, the insulating layer may include an insulating layer within an encapsulation layer, such as a first inorganic layer, a first organic layer, a second inorganic layer, and a buffer layer between the encapsulation layer and the touch electrode layer (e.g., if the first touch electrode layer is located between the second touch electrode layer and the substrate, then the buffer layer between the encapsulation layer and the first touch layer is present). The total thickness here can be the average total thickness within the effective light-emitting area, such as the corresponding insulating layer thickness within all first, second, and third effective light-emitting areas.

[0199] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple first touch electrodes 611 and multiple second touch electrodes 612 are connected to the lead terminal area 640 via multiple touch electrode lines 630. By applying detection electrical signals to the multiple touch electrode lines 630, touch operation detection and the detection of the location of the touch operation can be achieved. For example, the first touch electrode 611 can be connected to the touch electrode line 630 on both sides in the X direction to achieve bilateral driving. However, this embodiment is not limited to this; the first touch electrode can also be connected to the touch electrode line on only one side to achieve unilateral driving. The touch electrode line 630 can be configured to surround the outer side of the first and second touch electrodes. For ease of explanation, the space of the area where the touch electrode line is configured is exaggerated in the figures. The first and second touch electrodes can overlap with the display area but not with the non-display area.

[0200] Multiple first touch electrodes 611 and multiple second touch electrodes 612 can form a capacitor at their overlapping positions. When a finger touches the surface, it affects the coupling of the capacitor near the touch point, thereby changing the capacitance of the capacitor near the touch point. The touch position can be determined by utilizing this change in capacitance. This disclosure is not limited to this; for example, the touch layer may include a mutual capacitance touch structure or a self-capacitance touch structure. Furthermore, the touch layer may also be made of materials such as silver nanowires.

[0201] For example, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the touch electrode and the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel. Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of region F in the image. (See image below.) Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in the display area, the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel is located within each first grid 601, that is, one first grid 601 surrounds the effective light-emitting area of ​​one sub-pixel. For example, the shape of the first grid 601 is approximately rectangular. The ratio of the opening area of ​​the first grid 601 corresponding to the first color sub-pixel 100 to the area of ​​the first effective light-emitting area 101 is less than the ratio of the opening area of ​​the first grid 601 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel 200 to the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting area 201, and the ratio of the opening area of ​​the first grid 601 corresponding to the third color sub-pixel 300 to the area of ​​the third effective light-emitting area 301 is less than the ratio of the opening area of ​​the first grid 601 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel 200 to the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting area 201. The first grid corresponding to each sub-pixel refers to the grid surrounding the effective light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixel. In this embodiment, the smaller the area of ​​the effective light-emitting region of the second color sub-pixel, the greater its impact on the overall brightness uniformity of the display panel. By maximizing the ratio of the opening area of ​​the first grid corresponding to the second color sub-pixel to the area of ​​the second effective light-emitting region, the limitation of the light emission angle of the second color sub-pixel by the touch electrode lines can be reduced. The "opening area of ​​the first grid" refers to the area of ​​the hollowed-out region enclosed by the touch electrode lines. For example, the shape of the hollowed-out region can be approximately rectangular.

[0202] For example, the shape of the first grid corresponding to the first color sub-pixel can be rectangular, such as an approximate square. The two sides of the rectangle can be 30-33 micrometers long, and its area can be 900-1000 square micrometers. The area of ​​the opening in the pixel-defining layer corresponding to the first color sub-pixel can be 200-250 square micrometers, and the ratio of the two areas can be 4-5. Similarly, the shape of the first grid corresponding to the second color sub-pixel can be rectangular, with two sides of 28-31 micrometers and 30-33 micrometers long, and its area can be 850-1100 square micrometers, such as 900-1000 square micrometers. The area of ​​the opening in the pixel-defining layer corresponding to the second color sub-pixel can be 100-180 square micrometers, such as 100-150 square micrometers, and the ratio of the two areas can be 5-9, such as 7-8. For example, the shape of the first grid corresponding to the third color sub-pixel can be rectangular, for example, it can be approximately positive, with two side lengths of 30-38 micrometers, and its area can be 900-1300 square micrometers, for example, 1100-1200 square micrometers. The area of ​​the opening of the pixel limiting layer corresponding to the third color sub-pixel can be 300-400 square micrometers, and the ratio of the two areas can be 3-4.

[0203] For example, in the direction of the line connecting the center of the first effective light-emitting area of ​​the first color sub-pixel to the center of the second effective light-emitting area of ​​the adjacent second color sub-pixel, the size range of each light-emitting layer covering the pixel definition layer is 5 to 15 micrometers, for example, the size range can be 7 to 13 micrometers.

[0204] For example, the distance between the edges of the touch electrode lines and the openings of the pixel definition layer that are close to each other can be 3.5 to 13.5 micrometers, for example, 3.5 to 11.5 micrometers. In this embodiment of the present disclosure, by designing a larger distance between the boundary of the touch electrode lines and the edge of the openings of the pixel definition layer, it can be ensured that the touch electrode lines are as far away from the openings of each pixel definition layer as possible, reducing the occlusion of light emitted by each sub-pixel by the touch electrode lines, thereby avoiding color shift caused by uneven occlusion of different color sub-pixels by the touch electrode lines.

[0205] For example, such as Figures 4 to 8 As shown, each second grid 602 is V-shaped, and the two ends of the V-shape are configured to be electrically connected to the second touch electrode unit 6120 through the through-hole 603 of the touch insulating layer 660. For example, adjacent second touch electrode units 6120 can be electrically connected through two connecting bridges 621, and the V-shaped openings of the two connecting bridges 621 are opposite to each other. The embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this, and adjacent second touch electrodes can also be electrically connected through one connecting bridge or more connecting bridges.

[0206] For example, each second grid 602 corresponds to two first effective light-emitting areas 101, five second effective light-emitting areas 201, and two third effective light-emitting areas 301. For example, the second effective light-emitting areas 201 are located in the second grid closest to the two endpoints of the V-shaped opening. For example, the ratio of the number of sub-pixels in the display panel is first color sub-pixels: second color sub-pixels: third color sub-pixels = 1:2:1. The ratio of the number of first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels around the connecting bridge 621 is smaller than the ratio of the number of first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels in the display area, which can reduce its restriction on the light emission of the first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels and improve the light emission efficiency of the first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels.

[0207] Figure 10 This is a partial planar structure schematic diagram of a pixel structure provided according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 for Figure 10 The diagram shows the positional relationship between the pixel structure and the touch electrode lines. (See diagram for example.) Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, a gap 20 is included between adjacent first color emitting layers 110, second color emitting layers 210, and third color emitting layers 310. The first color emitting layer 110 has a first rounded rectangle shape and a first protrusion 1101 located at the rounded corner of the first rounded rectangle and protruding into the gap 20. The second color emitting layer 210 has a second rounded rectangle shape. The first protrusion 1101 at least partially protrudes from the extension line of the straight edge of the first rounded rectangle closest to the second color emitting layer 210, for example, this straight edge is parallel to the edge that is expected to be closest to the corresponding effective emitting area. The third color emitting layer 310 has a third rounded rectangle shape and a second protrusion 3101 located at the rounded corner of the third rounded rectangle and protruding into the gap 20. The second protrusion 3101 at least partially protrudes from the extension line of the straight edge of the third rounded rectangle closest to the second color emitting layer 210, for example, this straight edge is parallel to the edge that is expected to be closest to the corresponding effective emitting area. In the pixel structure provided in this embodiment, the shape of the first color emitting layer includes a first protrusion located at the rounded corner of the first rounded rectangle and protruding into the gap. Compared to a first color emitting layer without a first protrusion, the first protrusion of the first color emitting layer in this embodiment occupies a portion of the gap area, thus reducing the area of ​​the gap. This increases the utilization rate of the gap and also increases the distance between the rounded edge of the first color emitting layer and the rounded edge of the corresponding second electrode (i.e., the anode), thereby reducing or even avoiding the risk of color mixing, color shift, and other defects, and improving yield. For example, the gap can be a region without an emitting layer enclosed by a first color emitting layer, a second color emitting layer, and a third color emitting layer that are adjacent and roughly triangularly distributed. For example, a first color emitting layer, a second color emitting layer, and a third color emitting layer that are adjacent and roughly triangularly distributed can be a first color emitting layer and a third color emitting layer that are adjacent in the same row, and a second color emitting layer that is adjacent to each other in an adjacent row.

[0208] For example, the orthographic projections of the first protrusion and the second protrusion on the substrate overlap at least partially with the orthographic projections of the touch electrode lines on the substrate.

[0209] For example, the overlapping portion of the edges of the light-emitting layers of two adjacent sub-pixels of different colors on the pixel limiting layer 400 is called the overlapping portion 21, and at least part of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode line 6112 on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 21 on the substrate.

[0210] In some embodiments, it may be unnecessary to adopt Figure 10 The pixel arrangement structure shown can also be, for example, Figure 1E The bar arrangement shown is as follows: Figure 1H The triangular arrangement shown is as follows: Figure 1FThe triangular arrangement shown or as shown Figure 1G The pixel arrangement structure shown is similar to a mosaic arrangement. For example, as... Figure 1H As shown, setting the size of the blue sub-pixel 300 to be larger than that of the red sub-pixel 100 and the green sub-pixel 200 can also extend the lifespan of the display panel.

[0211] For example, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in the display area, more than 50% of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode lines 6112 onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 21 onto the substrate. For example, in the display area, more than 50% of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode lines onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layers onto the substrate, where the overlapping portion includes the overlapping portion of at least two of the first color light-emitting layer, the second color light-emitting layer, and the third color light-emitting layer. For example, in the display area, more than 70% of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode lines onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layers onto the substrate. For example, in the display area, more than 80% of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode lines onto the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layers onto the substrate. Because the overlapping portions of different color light-emitting layers are prone to producing some unwanted colors due to crosstalk, resulting in poor display, the touch electrode lines can be partially blocked to reduce the impact of crosstalk and improve the display effect.

[0212] In the process of depositing light-emitting layers using a finned mirror (FMM), the distance between the FMM opening and the edge of the second electrode of each sub-pixel is a key parameter for ensuring deposition yield. However, due to the limitations of the manufacturing process, the actual distance between the rounded edge of the FMM opening and the edge of the anode in a typical FMM cannot reach the theoretical design value. This results in a large gap between the openings of different FMMs (i.e., adjacent light-emitting layers of different colors) within an FMM group, leading to underutilization and an increased risk of defects such as color mixing and color shift. Therefore, by designing a new type of FMM and utilizing the aforementioned gaps, the distance between the rounded edge of the fabricated FMM opening and the rounded edge of the second electrode of each sub-pixel is increased. This compensates for the rounded corners of the FMM opening (by increasing its size), thereby reducing or even avoiding the risks of color mixing and color shift, and improving yield. It should be noted that the distance between the FMM opening and the edge of the second electrode refers to the distance between the edge of the FMM opening projected onto the substrate carrying the second electrode and the edge of the second electrode, not the distance in three-dimensional space.

[0213] In the fine metal mask process, at the corners of the light-emitting layer, such as the closest positions of the first and third color sub-pixels, the film material is prone to missing or defective. Therefore, for the parts opposite the first and third color sub-pixels, the shape of the light-emitting layer can be adjusted. For example, the opening corners of the fine metal mask can be smoothed out, and the openings of the fine metal mask can be protruded outwards towards both sides of the corners to improve the film quality at each corner position and also improve the process accuracy at the corner positions.

[0214] In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer with protrusions can be other shapes, such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, or octagons. In some embodiments, adjacent light-emitting layers may not be distributed diagonally. For example, the closest parts of adjacent light-emitting layers may be diagonally opposite, side-to-side, or completely offset (i.e., the projections of the closest parts of the two adjacent light-emitting layers onto a straight line between the two light-emitting layers do not overlap).

[0215] For example, taking the center line of the pixel-defining layer between the first and second color sub-pixels as a reference, at least a portion of the first color emissive layer crosses the center line, and at least a portion of the center line lies within the overlapping area of ​​the first and second color sub-pixel emissive layers. Similarly, taking the center line of the pixel-defining layer between the second and third color sub-pixels as a reference, at least a portion of the second color emissive layer crosses the center line, and at least a portion of the center line lies within the overlapping area of ​​the second and third color sub-pixel emissive layers.

[0216] For example, by adjusting the shape of at least a portion of the light-emitting layers, the boundaries of each light-emitting layer can overlap with the boundaries of adjacent light-emitting layers. For example, for edge regions where composition or thickness changes, molecular probes can be used to measure the molecular weight and thickness of the material. For instance, in the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layers of the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel, the film material of the overlapping portion near the center of the first color sub-pixel's light-emitting layer is mainly composed of the material of the first color sub-pixel's light-emitting layer, with the material of the second color light-emitting layer being secondary, and the thickness of the first color light-emitting layer being greater than the thickness of the second color light-emitting layer. At least a portion of the uneven shape (i.e., the planar shape of the light-emitting layer boundary is uneven) appearing at the boundary of each color sub-pixel's light-emitting layer is covered by the touch electrode lines. The film uniformity of the light-emitting layer pattern is poor at the center of the PDL gap near the pixel defining layer. Since lateral leakage current may cause unwanted light to appear or crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting layers, using touch electrode lines to shield the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layer boundaries can improve the display quality of the display panel.

[0217] For example, the linewidth of the touch electrode line can be 3 micrometers. If the boundaries of two adjacent light-emitting layers are connected, the width of the shadow area can be 2a, i.e., 6-8 micrometers. For example, in the direction of the line connecting the centers of the openings of the two adjacent pixel definition layers, the width of the overlapping portion of the adjacent light-emitting layer boundaries can be less than 6-8 micrometers. For example, the orthographic projection of the touch electrode line located at least in the middle position between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel on the substrate completely falls within the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion of the light-emitting layer boundaries on the substrate. For example, at the diagonal position of the first color light-emitting layer of the first color sub-pixel and the third color light-emitting layer of the third color sub-pixel, there may be no light-emitting layer overlap, so some touch electrode lines may not overlap with the overlapping area of ​​the light-emitting layers. Therefore, for the touch electrode lines in the display area, at least 50% of the orthographic projection on the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping area of ​​the light-emitting layers on the substrate. For example, at least 80% of the orthographic projection of the touch electrode lines in the display area lies within the orthographic projection of the overlapping area of ​​the light-emitting layers on the substrate, thereby reducing color bleeding caused by the overlapping of the light-emitting layers.

[0218] For example, each sub-pixel includes an organic light-emitting element and a pixel circuit connected to the organic light-emitting element, with each pixel circuit located between the organic light-emitting element and the substrate.

[0219] For example, Figure 12A This is a schematic diagram of the pixel circuitry included in each sub-pixel. Figure 12B The schematic diagram illustrates the positional relationship of the transistors in the active layer and gate layer. For example... Figure 12A and Figure 12B As shown, taking a first color sub-pixel as an example, the first color sub-pixel 100 includes an organic light-emitting element 1100 and a pixel circuit 1200. The pixel circuit 1200 of the first color sub-pixel may include a driving transistor T1, a first light-emitting control transistor T4, a second light-emitting control transistor T5, a data writing transistor T2, a storage capacitor C, a threshold compensation transistor T3, a first reset transistor T6, and a second reset transistor T7. The driving transistor T1 includes a gate, a first electrode, and a second electrode, and is configured to drive the organic light-emitting element 1100 to emit light. The display panel also includes a power signal transmission line VDD (… Figure 13A The data line Vd (shown) is set on the same layer. Figure 13AAs shown), the data line extends in the same direction as the first signal transmission line; the display panel also includes a gate line Ga, a light emission control signal line EM, and a reset control signal line Rst, which are parallel to each other and located on the side of the first signal transmission line facing the substrate. The extension direction of the gate line intersects the extension direction of the data line, for example, the extension direction of the gate line is perpendicular to the extension direction of the data line; the display panel also includes a reset power signal line (not shown) extending along the first direction, located between the film layer where the gate line is located and the film layer where the data line is located.

[0220] For example, Figure 12A , Figure 12B as well as Figure 13A As shown, the first terminal of data writing transistor T2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of driving transistor T1. The second terminal of data writing transistor T2 is configured to be electrically connected to data line Vd to receive data signals, and the gate of data writing transistor T2 is configured to be electrically connected to gate line Ga to receive scan signals. The first terminal CC1 of storage capacitor C is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal VDD, and the second terminal CC2 of storage capacitor C is electrically connected to the gate of driving transistor T1. The first terminal of threshold compensation transistor T3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of driving transistor T1, and the second terminal of threshold compensation transistor T3 is electrically connected to the gate of driving transistor T1. The gate of threshold compensation transistor T3 is configured to be electrically connected to gate line Ga to receive compensation control signals. The first terminal of first reset transistor T6 is configured to be electrically connected to reset power supply signal line Vinit to receive reset signals, and the second terminal of first reset transistor T6 is electrically connected to the gate of driving transistor T1. The gate of first reset transistor T6 is configured to be electrically connected to reset control signal line Rst to receive reset control signals. The first terminal of the second reset transistor T7 is configured to be electrically connected to the reset power supply signal line Vinit to receive a reset signal. The second terminal of the second reset transistor T7 is electrically connected to the second electrode of the organic light-emitting element 1100. The gate of the second reset transistor T7 is configured to be electrically connected to the reset control signal line Rst to receive a reset control signal. The first terminal of the first light-emitting control transistor T4 is electrically connected to the first voltage terminal VDD. The second terminal of the first light-emitting control transistor T4 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the driving transistor T1. The gate of the first light-emitting control transistor T4 is configured to be electrically connected to the light-emitting control signal line EM to receive a light-emitting control signal. The first terminal of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the driving transistor T1. The second terminal of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 is electrically connected to the second electrode of the organic light-emitting element 1100. The gate of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 is configured to be electrically connected to the light-emitting control signal line EM to receive a light-emitting control signal. The first electrode of the organic light-emitting element 1100 is electrically connected to the second voltage terminal VSS.

[0221] For example, one of the first voltage terminal VDD and the second voltage terminal VSS is a high-voltage terminal, and the other is a low-voltage terminal. Figure 12A In the embodiment shown, the first voltage terminal VDD is a voltage source that outputs a constant first voltage, which is a positive voltage; while the second voltage terminal VSS can be a voltage source that outputs a constant second voltage, which is a negative voltage.

[0222] For example, according to their characteristics, transistors can be divided into N-type transistors and P-type transistors. The embodiments of this disclosure use P-type transistors (e.g., P-type MOS transistors) as an example. That is, in the description of this disclosure, the driving transistor T1, data writing transistor T2, threshold compensation transistor T3, first light-emitting control transistor T4, second light-emitting control transistor T5, first reset transistor T6, and second reset transistor T7 can all be P-type transistors. However, the transistors in the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to P-type transistors. Those skilled in the art can also use N-type transistors (e.g., N-type MOS transistors) to implement the functions of one or more transistors in the embodiments of this disclosure according to actual needs. The transistors used in the embodiments of this disclosure can be thin-film transistors, field-effect transistors, or other switching devices with the same characteristics. Thin-film transistors can include oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors, amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, or polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, etc. The source and drain of a transistor can be symmetrical in structure, so their source and drain can be indistinguishable in physical structure. In the embodiments of this disclosure, in order to distinguish transistors, in addition to the gate which serves as the control electrode, one electrode is directly described as the first electrode and the other electrode as the second electrode. Therefore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode and the second electrode of all or some transistors can be interchanged as needed.

[0223] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the pixel circuit can, in addition to being able to... Figure 15BBesides the 7T1C (seven transistors and one capacitor) structure shown, other structures including different numbers of transistors are also possible, such as 7T2C, 6T1C, 6T2C, or 9T2C structures. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of these structures. Embodiments of this disclosure can also employ pixels arranged in stripes, triangular, mosaic, or any other arrangement. In embodiments of this disclosure, the RGB ratio in a pixel unit or repeating unit can be any one or more combinations of 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 2:2:1, 1:1:1, 1:2:3, 3:3:2, 1:3:2, 2:3:1, 3:2:3, 2:3:3, etc. For example, the RGB values ​​can be equal or unequal. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, B > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B greater than R, and R equal to G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B equal to R, and R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than R. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than B. For example, the number of sub-pixels contained in each repeating unit or pixel unit can be any one or a combination of two or more of the following: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0224] In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting areas of some sub-pixels of the same color may differ. For example, in some embodiments, a repeating unit or pixel unit may include two green sub-pixels of the same color, or two red sub-pixels of the same color, or two blue sub-pixels of the same color, or simultaneously include two pairs of sub-pixels of the same color (e.g., two green sub-pixels and two red sub-pixels), wherein the effective light-emitting areas of the sub-pixels of the same color may differ. In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting area of ​​a sub-pixel of the same color located at an edge, irregular region, or folded region may also differ in size or shape from the effective light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixels of the same color in other regions.

[0225] In the above embodiments, the emission color, size, shape, and positional distribution of each sub-pixel can be freely combined. For example, the size and shape of each sub-pixel can be partially the same, partially different, completely identical, or completely different. For example, some sub-pixels may be the same size but different shapes. For example, some sub-pixels may have roughly the same shape outline but different area sizes. For example, a first color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of second color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these second color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the first color sub-pixel. For example, a second color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of third color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these first color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the second color sub-pixels. For example, there can be different numbers of second-color sub-pixels around the third-color sub-pixel, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. The distance between these second-color sub-pixels and the third-color sub-pixel can be approximately equal, partially equal, or partially unequal.

[0226] Figure 13A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the pixel circuit and the touch electrode line, provided as an example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 13A As shown, at least one of the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100, the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200, and the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0227] For example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the second electrode 220 in the second color sub-pixel 200 includes a main electrode 221, a connecting electrode 222, and an auxiliary electrode 223. For example, the main electrode, connecting electrode, and auxiliary electrode of the second color sub-pixel 200 are integrated electrodes.

[0228] For example, in the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200, the main electrode 221 overlaps with the second effective light-emitting area 201, and the shape of the main electrode 221 is approximately the same as the shape of the second effective light-emitting area 201; the connecting electrode 222 and the auxiliary electrode 223 do not overlap with the second effective light-emitting area 201. For example, the connecting electrode 222 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5. For example, the auxiliary electrode 223 overlaps with the driving transistor T1, and the touch electrode line 6112 does not overlap with the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200.

[0229] For example, such as Figure 13AAs shown, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 includes a main electrode 121 and a connecting electrode 122. The main electrode 121 overlaps with the first effective light-emitting area 101, and the shape of the main electrode 121 is approximately the same as the shape of the first effective light-emitting area 101. The connecting electrode 122 does not overlap with the first effective light-emitting area. For example, the connecting electrode 122 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5. For example, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the connecting electrode 122 of the first color sub-pixel 100 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0230] For example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 includes a main electrode 321 and a connecting electrode 322. The main electrode 321 overlaps with the third effective light-emitting area, and the shape of the main electrode 321 is approximately the same as the shape of the third effective light-emitting area. The connecting electrode 322 does not overlap with the third effective light-emitting area. For example, the connecting electrode 322 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5. For example, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the connecting electrode 322 of the third color sub-pixel 300 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0231] For example, at least one of the second electrodes of the first color sub-pixel, the second electrode of the second color sub-pixel, and the second electrode of the third color sub-pixel overlaps with the touch electrode line; and / or, at least one of the driving transistors of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel overlaps with the touch electrode line. In addition to serving as the electrode for driving light emission, the second electrode may also be used to partially block certain transistor structures; through its overlap with the touch line, it can better supplement the blocking function.

[0232] For example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the driving transistor T1 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112, while the driving transistors of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 do not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112. The aforementioned overlap of the driving transistors with the touch electrode lines includes the gate of the touch transistor (e.g., Figure 12BThe storage capacitor CC2 shown overlaps with the touch electrode lines. However, this embodiment is not limited to this. The driving transistor T1 also includes a source region T11 and a drain region T12, which are electrically connected by doping or other methods to achieve conductivity. The overlap between the driving transistor T1 and the touch electrode lines can also include the source region T11 and the drain region T12 of the driving transistor overlapping with the touch electrode lines. The driving transistor plays a crucial role in the output current of the pixel circuit, and its size (e.g., gate size, or source / drain and the semiconductor region between them) is generally larger than other crystals. Furthermore, the driving transistor is easily affected by factors such as light. Therefore, partially shielding it using the touch electrode lines can better stabilize the driving transistor and reduce interference with the output current.

[0233] For example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the second electrodes of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 do not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0234] For example, the portion of the driving transistor T1 of the second color sub-pixel 200 that is not covered by the auxiliary electrode 223 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112, and the driving transistor T1 of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 basically does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0235] The pixel circuits of multiple sub-pixels are roughly rectangular regions arranged periodically. The second electrodes of the first and third color sub-pixels can roughly cover the driving transistor positions of their corresponding pixel circuits. However, the second electrode of the second color sub-pixel has little or no overlap with its corresponding driving transistor. For example, the main electrodes of the second electrodes of the first and third color sub-pixels can cover the driving transistors in their corresponding pixel circuits, but the main electrode of the second electrode of the second color sub-pixel does not overlap with the driving transistors in its corresponding pixel circuit. Therefore, the second electrode of the second color sub-pixel extends a portion (i.e., an auxiliary electrode) towards its driving transistor to shield it. Simultaneously, the touch electrode line provides auxiliary shielding for the portion of the driving transistor not covered by the auxiliary electrode, further stabilizing the driving transistor of the second color sub-pixel.

[0236] For example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the data writing transistor T2 or threshold compensation transistor T3 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, as Figure 13AAs shown, the threshold compensation transistor T3 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the touch electrode line may overlap with the data writing transistor. For example, the data writing transistor T2 and the threshold compensation transistor T3 of the first color sub-pixel 100 and the third color sub-pixel 300 do not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0237] For example, the data writing transistor T2 or threshold compensation transistor T3 (channel, gate, drain) of the second color sub-pixel is shielded by the touch electrode line to stabilize the transistor. Because the threshold compensation transistor T3 is directly connected to the gate and drain of the driving transistor, it has a direct impact on the operating state of the driving transistor. Therefore, it is generally a dual-gate transistor. The active layer between the two gates is easily affected by light or other external factors, thus requiring shielding. Correspondingly, the threshold compensation transistors T3 of the first and third color sub-pixels are both shielded by their respective second electrodes. For example, the threshold compensation transistors T3 of the first and third color sub-pixels are shielded by their respective main electrodes, while the threshold compensation transistor T3 of the second color sub-pixel does not overlap with the main electrode of the second color sub-pixel.

[0238] For example, subpixels with a small overlap area between the second electrode and the first electrode of their respective storage capacitor (such as the second color subpixel) have a large overlap area between the touch electrode line 6112 and the first electrode of the storage capacitor.

[0239] For example, during the charging phase, T1 and T3 continuously charge node N1. The potential of node N1 directly affects the operating state of T1. The film layer containing the data line of node N1 has partial overlap with the film layer containing the first electrode of the storage capacitor. During the light-emitting phase, when a VDD signal is input to the film layer containing the first electrode of the storage capacitor, if node N1 is not sufficiently charged, due to the overlap, node N1 will be disturbed by the VDD signal, causing potential changes, which in turn affect the operating state of T1. The operating state of T1 will affect the light emission of the OLED device. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the charging potential of node N1 is sufficient during charging. The charging voltage of node N1 is related to the states of T1 and T3. Because thin-film transistors are particularly sensitive to light, the influence of light on thin-film transistors can cause their related characteristics to drift. Therefore, during charging, T1 or T3 needs to be protected and shielded to ensure the charging voltage of node N1, maintain the stable operating state of T1, and avoid affecting the normal operation of the OLED device.

[0240] Figure 13B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the pixel circuit and the touch electrode line, as provided in another example of an embodiment of this disclosure. For example, as... Figure 13BAs shown, in the second color sub-pixel 200, the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112, while the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112. In the first color sub-pixel 100, the driving transistor overlaps with the second electrode 120, but does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; the second electrode 120 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. In the third color sub-pixel 300, the driving transistor overlaps with the second electrode 320, but does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; the second electrode 320 overlaps with the touch electrode line. The second electrode of the second color sub-pixel includes a main electrode 221, a connecting electrode 222, and an auxiliary electrode 223. In the second color sub-pixel 200, the connecting electrode 222 and the auxiliary electrode 223 do not overlap with the second effective light-emitting area 201; the main electrode 221 does not overlap with the driving transistor; and the auxiliary electrode 223 overlaps with the driving transistor.

[0241] For example, such as Figure 13B As shown, the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with the second effective light-emitting area 201. For example, the connection electrode 222 of the second electrode 220 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 through a via 388 in the insulating layer.

[0242] For example, such as Figure 13B As shown, in the first color sub-pixel, at least one of the threshold compensation transistor and the data writing transistor overlaps with the second electrode but does not overlap with the touch electrode line; in the third color sub-pixel, at least one of the threshold compensation transistor and the data writing transistor overlaps with the second electrode; in the second color sub-pixel, neither the threshold compensation transistor nor the data writing transistor overlaps with the second electrode, and either the threshold compensation transistor or the data writing transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line.

[0243] For example, such as Figure 13C As shown, in the second color sub-pixel 200, the second electrode 220 and the driving transistor both overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; in the first color sub-pixel 100, the second electrode 120 and the driving transistor both have virtually no overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; in the third color sub-pixel 300, the second electrode 320 and the driving transistor both have virtually no overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0244] For example, such as Figure 13DAs shown, in the second color sub-pixel 200, the driving transistor overlaps with the second electrode 220 but does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; the second electrode 220 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. In the first color sub-pixel 100, the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112 but does not overlap with the second electrode 120; the second electrode 120 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112. In the third color sub-pixel 300, the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112 but does not overlap with the second electrode 320; the second electrode 320 overlaps with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0245] For example, such as Figure 13D As shown, in the first color sub-pixel, the second electrode does not overlap with either the driving transistor or the touch electrode line, but the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line; in the third color sub-pixel, the second electrode does not overlap with either the driving transistor or the touch electrode line, but the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line; in the second color sub-pixel, the second electrode overlaps with both the driving transistor and the touch electrode line, and the driving transistor overlaps with the touch electrode line.

[0246] For example, the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 overlaps with the driving transistor T1 and the threshold compensation transistor T3 of the second color sub-pixel 200. For example, the touch electrode line 6112 overlaps with the portion of the driving transistor T1 of the second color sub-pixel 200 that is not covered by the second electrode 220, which can further stabilize the driving transistor of the second color sub-pixel. In the second color sub-pixel, the second electrode includes a main electrode, a connecting electrode, and an auxiliary electrode. For example, in some embodiments, the auxiliary electrode is used to block certain transistors (e.g., data writing transistors or threshold compensation transistors), so the touch electrode line can overlap to some extent with the auxiliary electrode of the second electrode.

[0247] For example, the touch electrode line 6112 overlaps with the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200. For example, the touch electrode line 6112 overlaps with the portion of the threshold compensation transistor T3 of the second color sub-pixel 200 that is not covered by the second electrode 220. The portion of the second electrode of the second color sub-pixel extending towards its threshold compensation transistor blocks the threshold compensation transistor. Simultaneously, the touch electrode line provides auxiliary blocking for the portion of the threshold compensation transistor not covered by its second electrode. This further stabilizes the threshold compensation transistor of the second color sub-pixel, thereby ensuring the charging voltage of node N1, maintaining the stable operating state of T1, and avoiding interference with the normal operation of the OLED device.

[0248] For example, such as Figure 13DAs shown, in the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100, the main electrode 121 overlaps with the first effective light-emitting area 101, while the connecting electrode 122 does not overlap with the first effective light-emitting area. For example, the connecting electrode 122 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 through a via 388 in the insulating layer.

[0249] For example, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 covers its threshold compensation transistor T3, which can stabilize the threshold compensation transistor of the second color sub-pixel, thereby ensuring the charging voltage of the N1 node, maintaining the stable working state of T1, and avoiding affecting the normal operation of the OLED device.

[0250] For example, the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 does not substantially overlap with its driving transistor T1. For example, the touch electrode line 6112 overlaps with the driving transistor T1 of the first color sub-pixel 100, thereby stabilizing the driving transistor of the first color sub-pixel.

[0251] For example, such as Figure 13D As shown, in the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300, the main electrode 321 overlaps with the third effective light-emitting area, while the connecting electrode 322 does not overlap with the third effective light-emitting area. For example, the connecting electrode 322 is configured to be electrically connected to the second electrode of the second light-emitting control transistor T5 through a via 388. For example, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0252] For example, such as Figure 13D As shown, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 does not overlap with the touch electrode line 6112. For example, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 includes a protrusion 323 that covers its threshold compensation transistor T3. This can stabilize the threshold compensation transistor of the third color sub-pixel, thereby ensuring the charging voltage of the N1 node, maintaining the stable operating state of T1, and avoiding affecting the normal operation of the OLED device.

[0253] For example, the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 does not substantially overlap with its driving transistor T1. For example, the touch electrode line 6112 overlaps with the driving transistor T1 of the third color sub-pixel 300, thereby stabilizing the driving transistor of the third color sub-pixel.

[0254] For example, such as Figure 13EAs shown, in the second color sub-pixel 200, the second electrode 220 and the driving transistor have virtually no overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; in the first color sub-pixel 100, the second electrode 120 and the driving transistor overlap with the touch electrode line 6112; and in the third color sub-pixel 300, the second electrode 320 and the driving transistor overlap with the touch electrode line 6112.

[0255] Figure 14A This is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting layer deposited using a photoluminescent mirror (FMM). A pixel defining layer 400 is formed on a substrate 10. The pixel defining layer 400 has an opening 401, and a spacer 700 is provided on the pixel defining layer 400. The spacer 700 supports the FMM 104, which has a through-hole 1040. The through-hole 1040 can be formed by etching. The vapor-deposited material is deposited on the substrate 10 from bottom to top through the through-hole 1040. To prevent the FMM from damaging the film layer on the substrate 10, a photo spacer (PS) is provided on the substrate 10 to support the FMM during vapor deposition. During vapor deposition, the substrate 10 is placed above the FMM 104, and the spacer 700 is attached to the FMM. To improve the accuracy of the vapor deposition position, it is usually necessary to place a Gauss plate 105 with strong magnetism above the substrate 10 to attract the FMM 104 so that the FMM 104 can be more tightly attached to the substrate 10. Figure 14A The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of gas flow.

[0256] Because the FMM is made of metal, it can easily damage the material deposited on the substrate 10 when it comes into contact with the substrate 10. Therefore, in the OLED backplane design, the spacer 700 plays a supporting role when the FMM 104 is attached to the substrate 10, preventing the FMM 104 from scratching the surface of the substrate 10. The spacer 700 can be distributed in an array throughout the panel, but is not limited to this.

[0257] For example, when the spacer 700 is used to support the FMM, the top of the spacer 700 may not have a light-emitting layer deposited on it. For example, each spacer 700 includes a first region 701 and an annular second region 702 surrounding the first region 701. The first region 701 includes the central region of the spacer 700, and the area ratio of the first region 701 to the area of ​​the spacer 700 projected onto the substrate 10 is no greater than 1 / 4. For example, the area ratio of the first region 701 to the area of ​​the spacer 700 projected onto the substrate 10 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 4, and the top of the spacer 700 is located within the first region 701.

[0258] For example, within the display area, the first region of at least one spacer does not overlap with the first color emitting layer, the second color emitting layer, or the third color emitting layer. For example, the first region 701 of at least one spacer 700 does not overlap with any of the emitting layers. For example, the first region 701 of at least one spacer 700 overlaps with only one color emitting layer, such as only with the green emitting layer. For example, the first region 701 of at least one spacer 700 overlaps with only two colors emitting layers, such as only with the red and blue emitting layers.

[0259] For example, spacers can be disposed between the first color subpixel and the second color subpixel. When there is no overlapping of the light-emitting layer on top of the spacer, lateral crosstalk or color mixing can be further reduced. For example, when depositing the light-emitting layer of the first color subpixel, if the portion of the spacer near the opening of the pixel-defining layer used to form the second color subpixel supports the FMM, then this portion is not deposited with the first color light-emitting layer. When depositing the light-emitting layer of the third color subpixel, if the portion of the spacer near the opening of the pixel-defining layer used to form the first color subpixel supports the FMM, then this portion is not deposited with the third color light-emitting layer. When depositing the light-emitting layer of the second color subpixel, the second color light-emitting layer is formed within portions on both sides of the spacer, and no second color light-emitting layer is formed in other areas. Because the openings do not overlap, the distribution of each color light-emitting layer in the central region of the spacer (e.g., the first region) will not overlap significantly, or may have only a small overlap (e.g., less than 30%) due to process variations.

[0260] For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate is selected from at least one of rounded rectangles, ellipses, and circles. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate is an axisymmetric shape. For example, the spacer is located at the intersection of portions of the pixel defining layer extending in different directions (e.g., the intersection covering portions of the pixel defining layer extending in different directions) and has two axes of symmetry, which are respectively approximately parallel to the two extending directions of the pixel defining layer at its location. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a size ranging from 20 to 50 μm along its long axis. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a size ranging from 12 to 30 μm along its short axis. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a range of less than 48 μm × 26 μm. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a range of less than 41 μm × 25 μm. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a range of less than 33 μm × 20 μm. For example, the orthographic projection of the spacer onto the substrate has a range of less than 25 μm × 15 μm.

[0261] For example, Figure 14B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the pixel-defining layer and the spacer. (Example) Figure 14BAs shown, for example, the distance between the boundary of the spacer 700 and the edge of the opening 401 of the pixel defining layer 400 is not less than 6.5 μm.

[0262] For example, the spacer 700 and the pixel defining layer 400 can be an integral structure without a clear boundary. Alternatively, the boundary between the spacer 700 and the pixel defining layer 400 can be defined by the inflection point of the slope angle curve. For example, for the pixel defining layer itself, from an opening edge located on either side of its extension direction centerline to near the extension direction centerline of the pixel defining layer, the slope angle can decrease from large to small, reaching approximately 0° to 5° on the nearly flat surface of the pixel defining layer; on the nearly flat surface of the pixel defining layer, the slope angle increases again towards the boundary of the spacer, for example, at the boundary of the spacer, the slope angle can increase from approximately 0° to around 10° (e.g., 5°~10°), or even higher. This slope angle can be the angle between the external tangent line drawn at the measurement point location and the plane containing the surface of the nearest second electrode (e.g., the anode) main electrode furthest from the substrate. For example, the thickness of the pixel defining layer 400 portion without spacers 700 is a first thickness (e.g., the average thickness of a nearly flat portion), and the maximum thickness of the pixel defining layer 400 portion with spacers 700 is a second thickness. The boundary between spacers 700 and pixel defining layer 400 can be defined as the portion of pixel defining layer 400 itself from the surface of pixel defining layer 400 near the substrate to the first thickness, and the portion exceeding the first thickness to the second thickness is the portion of spacers.

[0263] For example, the thickness of the pixel-defining layer 400 portion without spacers 700 (e.g., the average thickness of the near-flat portion) is 0.8-1.8 μm. Alternatively, the thickness of the pixel-defining layer 400 portion without spacers 700 (e.g., the average thickness of the near-flat portion) is greater than or equal to 1.1 μm. Or, the thickness of the pixel-defining layer 400 portion without spacers 700 (e.g., the average thickness of the near-flat portion) is less than 3 μm. Because the pixel-defining layer 400 acts as part of the organic layer barrier, a thickness that is too small may easily lead to organic layer overflow, affecting the encapsulation effect. Conversely, a thickness that is too large can significantly limit the light emission angle, affecting light emission efficiency.

[0264] For example, the slope angle of the pixel-limiting layer near the opening is 15°-25°. For example, the slope angle of the pixel-limiting layer near the opening is 17°-21°. For example, the slope angle of the pixel-limiting layer near the opening is 18°-20°.

[0265] For example, Figures 15A to 15GAs shown, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel, comprising: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; a plurality of first color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels being arranged along a first direction to form a plurality of first color sub-pixel rows, the plurality of first color sub-pixel rows being arranged along a second direction, and adjacent first color sub-pixel rows being staggered from each other along the first direction; a plurality of second color sub-pixels located in the display area and arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction, four second color sub-pixels surrounding one first color sub-pixel; and a plurality of third color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of third color sub-pixels being arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a first group, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a second group. The first group and the second group are alternately distributed along a fourth direction, and the third direction and the fourth direction intersect with both the first direction and the second direction. A pixel defining layer is located in the display area and the peripheral area. The pixel defining layer includes a plurality of openings to define the effective light-emitting areas of a plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first effective light-emitting areas, the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a plurality of second effective light-emitting areas, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third effective light-emitting areas. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a second color emissive layer located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of first color emissive layers included in the plurality of first color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of second color emissive layers included in the plurality of second color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of third color emissive layers included in the plurality of third color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other.

[0266] For example, the display panel further includes: a plurality of spacers located on the side surface of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate, wherein the spacers in the display area are located between sub-pixels arranged in a first direction, and the spacers in the display area are located between sub-pixels arranged in a second direction. Within the display area, the area ratio K of the spacers to the pixel defining layer satisfies K≤S0 / [k1×n×m×(S1 G -S2 G )+k2×n×m×(S1 R -S2 R )+k2×n×m×(S1 B-S2 B ], where n is the middle sub-pixel between adjacent spacers arranged along the first direction and located in the same row (e.g. Figure 15F The number of red sub-pixels 100 and blue sub-pixels 300 in the same row between two spacers in the middle direction (e.g., 4, as shown in the long rectangle F1 in the figure), where m is the middle sub-pixel between adjacent spacers in the spacers arranged along the second direction and located in the same row (e.g., ... Figure 15F The number of 4 green sub-pixels (200 pixels) in the same column between two spacers in the middle column direction (e.g., 4, as shown in the long rectangle F2 in the figure), S0 is the area of ​​one spacer, S1 is the area of ​​one spacer. G S1 R S1 B S2 represents the area of ​​the emitting layer for the second color sub-pixel, the first color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel, respectively. G S2 R S2 B Let k1, k2, and k3 be the areas of the pixel-defining layer openings corresponding to the second, first, and third color sub-pixels, respectively. Let k1, k2, and k3 be the proportions of the second, first, and third color sub-pixels within the display area, respectively, representing the proportions of each sub-pixel within all sub-pixels. For example, k1 might be 1 / 2, k2 might be 1 / 4, and k3 might be 1 / 4. In this case, k1 + k2 + k3 = 1.

[0267] For example, S2 G Approximately 80-180 square micrometers. For example, S2 G Approximately 100-140 square micrometers. For example, S2 R Approximately 150-280 square micrometers. For example, S2 R Approximately 160-250 square micrometers. For example, S2 B Approximately 200-400 square micrometers. For example, S2 B It is approximately 260-350 square micrometers.

[0268] The term "same row" refers to the same row or the same column. For example, "first direction, same row" means the same row. "Second direction, same row" means the same column.

[0269] In some embodiments, the spacer and the sub-pixel are not in the same row, for example, located in the gap between two adjacent rows, and / or, the spacer and the sub-pixel are not in the same column, for example, located in the gap between two adjacent columns, then the area ratio K of the spacer and the pixel defining layer satisfies K≤S0 / [1 / 4k1×N×M×(S1 G -S2 G )+1 / 4k2×N×M×(S1 R -S2R )+1 / 4k2×N×M×(S1 B -S2 B [ ], where N is the number of sub-pixel columns corresponding to one spacer period in the first direction, for example, the row direction, and M is the number of sub-pixel rows corresponding to one spacer period in the second direction, for example, the column direction. One spacer period is, for example, one spacer is set every N columns of sub-pixels in the first direction, for example, the row direction. One spacer period is, for example, one spacer is set every M rows of sub-pixels in the second direction, for example, the column direction.

[0270] In some embodiments, the sub-pixel rows are arranged in an alternating pattern, such as Figure 15G As shown, if the spacers and sub-pixels are located in the same row, then the number of sub-pixel columns N corresponding to one spacer cycle in the first direction, for example, the row direction, is twice the number n of the middle sub-pixels between adjacent spacers and located in the same row in the spacers arranged along the first direction. For example, n is 4 and N is 8 (as shown in the long box in the figure).

[0271] In some embodiments, the sub-pixel columns are arranged in an alternating pattern, such as... Figure 15G As shown, if the spacer and the sub-pixel are in the same column, then the number of sub-pixel rows M corresponding to one spacer cycle in the second direction, for example, the column direction, is twice the number m of the middle sub-pixels m between adjacent spacers in the spacers arranged along the second direction and located in the same row. For example, m is 4 and M is 8 (as shown in the long box in the figure).

[0272] Figure 15A and Figure 15B This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the spacer and the sub-pixel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0273] like Figure 15AAs shown, the plurality of spacers 700 in the display panel are located on the surface of the pixel defining layer 400 away from the substrate 10. The area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 12%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 8%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 7%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 6%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 5%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 4%. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 3%.

[0274] For example, multiple spacers are located on the surface of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate. Within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is less than or equal to 1:4. Within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is less than or equal to 1:8. For example, within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is no greater than 1:12. For example, within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is no greater than 1:16. For example, within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is no greater than 1:20. For example, within the display area, the ratio of spacers to all subpixels is no greater than 1:24.

[0275] For example, along the direction of the line connecting the centers of the light-emitting layers of two adjacent pixels, the ratio of the size of the spacer 700 to the size of the pixel defining layer 400 (e.g., the surface of the pixel defining layer where the spacer is located, as shown on the upper surface) is less than 0.9. For example, along the direction of the line connecting the centers of the light-emitting layers of two adjacent pixels, the ratio of the size of the spacer 700 to the size of the pixel defining layer 400 is less than 0.8.

[0276] For example, such as Figure 15AAs shown, along the second direction, four second-color sub-pixels 200 are disposed between adjacent spacers 700, and along the first direction, two first-color sub-pixels 100 and two third-color sub-pixels 300 are disposed between adjacent spacers 700. For example, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 6%. Taking the density of the spacers as one spacer spaced four sub-pixels apart in the row direction and one spacer spaced four sub-pixels apart in the column direction as an example, one spacer corresponds to 8 second-color sub-pixels, 4 first-color sub-pixels, and 4 third-color sub-pixels. For example, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is no greater than 8%. The density and size of the spacers tend to be smaller and smaller, which can reduce the particles generated during the process and improve the yield. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the first direction and the second direction can be interchanged.

[0277] For example, such as Figure 15B As shown, along the second direction, six second-color sub-pixels 200 are disposed between adjacent spacers 700, and along the first direction, three first-color sub-pixels 100 and three third-color sub-pixels 300 are disposed between adjacent spacers 700. For example, the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the spacer 700 on the substrate to the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer 400 on the substrate is less than 6%. The spacers are configured such that one spacer is spaced six sub-pixels apart in the row direction and one spacer is spaced six sub-pixels apart in the column direction.

[0278] For example, such as Figure 15A and Figure 15B As shown, in the display area, the spacer 700 does not overlap with the bridging wires. For example, in the display area, the bridging wires forming a second grid overlap with at most one spacer 700. For example, the second grid 602 is elongated, and the size of the overlapping portion of the spacer 700 and the bridging wire is smaller than the size in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the second grid 602. Because the first electrode of each sub-pixel is closest to the bridging wire at the spacer location, less overlap between the bridging wire and the spacer can reduce crosstalk.

[0279] For example, such as Figure 15C As shown, taking the example of two adjacent second touch units electrically connected by two connecting bridges, the two endpoints and the middle turning point of one connecting bridge 621 can overlap with the spacer 700 in the second grid, while the other connecting bridge 621 does not overlap with the spacer 700. This disclosure is not limited to specific embodiments; for example, when five or six second color sub-pixels are provided between two adjacent spacers, one connecting bridge may only have the middle turning point overlapping with the spacer in the second grid. For example, as... Figure 15AAs shown, taking the example of two adjacent second touch units being electrically connected via two connecting bridges, one connecting bridge 621 overlaps with a spacer 700, and the other connecting bridge 621 also overlaps with a spacer 700. For example, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to... Figure 15A The positional relationship between the septum and the connecting bridge shown is such that if... Figure 15A After the septum material moves upward by one second grid, one connecting bridge overlaps with one septum material, while the other connecting bridge does not overlap with any septum material.

[0280] For example, Figure 15F The diagram illustrates a four-subpixel spacing between adjacent spacers in the row direction, e.g., two red subpixels and two blue subpixels, and a four-subpixel spacing between adjacent spacers in the column direction, e.g., four green subpixels. For example, each spacer corresponds to a roughly rectangular region (shown by a solid box in the diagram), which may include, for instance, four rows of green subpixels, each row containing four green subpixels, totaling 16 green subpixels; or, for instance, four rows of alternating red and blue subpixels, each row containing two red subpixels and two blue subpixels, totaling eight red subpixels and eight blue subpixels. Within the spacers arranged in a four-row, four-column grid (e.g., the first spacer, filled with vertical lines in the diagram), approximately in the middle of every four spacers forming a 2×2 matrix, there is another spacer (e.g., the second spacer, filled with a fine grid in the diagram). The first and second spacers exhibit the same distribution pattern and are approximately equal in number. Each second spacer also corresponds to a roughly rectangular area (shown by the dashed box in the diagram), which, for example, includes 16 green sub-pixels, 8 red sub-pixels, and 8 blue sub-pixels. Because the first and second spacers are distributed in the same way and have roughly the same number of pixels, and the rectangular area corresponding to both spacers roughly fills the entire display area, each sub-pixel in the rectangular areas corresponding to both spacers is contained within both rectangular areas. For example, the actual number of sub-pixels corresponding to the first and second spacers is 8 green sub-pixels, 4 red sub-pixels, and 4 blue sub-pixels (only within the display area; the ratio may differ slightly at the edges due to shape or algorithmic considerations). For example, if we consider the repetition of the rectangular areas corresponding to the first and second spacers, the area of ​​each rectangle divided by two is roughly the display area corresponding to one spacer. This area can roughly correspond one-to-one with the spacers inside the display area. For example, the area of ​​the display area corresponding to one spacer is roughly the area of ​​the display area occupied by 8 green sub-pixels, 4 red sub-pixels and 4 blue sub-pixels.

[0281] For example, the ratio of spacers to subpixels in the display area is 1:16.

[0282] For example, the ratio of the area of ​​a spacer to the area of ​​the pixel-defining layer projected onto the substrate in the area of ​​the display area corresponding to the spacer is no greater than 8%.

[0283] For example, the pixel defining layer of each sub-pixel is substantially covered by the respective light-emitting layers. For example, the opening boundary of the mask forming the light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel is approximately located at the center line of each portion of the pixel defining layer. For example, the area of ​​the pixel defining layer surrounding the opening of the pixel defining layer of each sub-pixel is approximately the area of ​​the mask opening forming the light-emitting layer of that sub-pixel, minus the area of ​​the pixel defining layer opening. Or, for example, without considering factors such as process variations, the area of ​​the pixel defining layer surrounding the opening of the pixel defining layer of each sub-pixel is approximately the area of ​​the light-emitting layer of that sub-pixel (S1), minus the area of ​​the pixel defining layer opening (S2).

[0284] For example, the FMM opening corresponding to the green subpixel is circular or square, with a diameter or side length of 30-35 μm, such as 33 μm. Similarly, the FMM opening corresponding to the red subpixel is square, with a side length of 30-35 μm, such as 33 μm. And the FMM opening corresponding to the blue subpixel is square, with a side length of 33-38 μm, such as 35.5 μm.

[0285] For example, the opening of the pixel-limiting layer for the green subpixel is elliptical or rectangular (the length of the longer side can be considered the major axis, and the length of the shorter side the minor axis), with a major axis of 12-16 μm, for example, 14 μm, and a minor axis of 10-14 μm, for example, 11 μm. For example, the opening of the pixel-limiting layer for the red subpixel is square, with a side length of approximately 14-17 μm, for example, 15 μm. For example, the opening of the pixel-limiting layer for the blue subpixel is square, with a side length of approximately 16-20 μm, for example, 18 μm.

[0286] For example, within the display area, the pixel defining layer may include portions covered by the emissive layer or portions not covered by the emissive layer.

[0287] For example, within the display area, the area ratio K of the spacer to the pixel defining layer satisfies K≤S0 / [k1×n×m×(S1 G -S2 G )+k2×n×m×(S1 R -S2 R )+k3×n×m×(S1 B -S2 B In the above, n is the column number of the middle sub-pixel of adjacent spacers in the same row, m is the row number of the middle sub-pixel of adjacent spacers in the same column, S0 is the area of ​​a spacer, and S1 is the area of ​​a spacer. G S1 R S1B S2 represents the area of ​​the emitting layer or the corresponding FMM opening for the green, red, and blue sub-pixels, respectively. G S2 R S2 B Let k1, k2, and k3 be the areas of the pixel-defining layer openings for the green, red, and blue sub-pixels, respectively, and k1, k2, and k3 be the proportions of the green, red, and blue sub-pixels to all sub-pixels within the display area. For example, k1 + k2 + k3 = 1. For example, for... Figure 15F In the arrangement shown, where the ratio of G sub-pixels to R sub-pixels to B sub-pixels is 2:1:1, then k1 is 2 / (2+1+1) = 1 / 2, k2 is 1 / (2+1+1) = 1 / 4, and k3 is 1 / (2+1+1) = 1 / 4. For example, for an arrangement where the number of RGB sub-pixels is equal, k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 / 3.

[0288] For example, without considering other factors, the larger n or m is, the sparser the distribution of spacers, and the smaller the K value. For example, without considering other factors, the larger the area of ​​the emissive layer of each sub-pixel, the larger the corresponding FMM mask opening. Since the spacers support the portion outside the FMM mask opening, the area supported by the spacers decreases as the emissive layer increases in size relative to the area of ​​the FMM mask opening. Consequently, the size of the spacers decreases or their number decreases (because they must avoid the openings of each FMM mask), thus the K value is smaller. For example, without considering other factors, the smaller the opening area of ​​the pixel-defining layer of each sub-pixel, the larger the solid area of ​​the pixel-defining layer. Correspondingly, at the same distribution density, the area ratio K of the spacers to the pixel-defining layer is smaller. For example, n can be equal to m, for example, both 4, both 6, or both 5.

[0289] For example, n and m can be different; for example, one can be 4 and the other can be 6.

[0290] In some embodiments, the display panel may not have touch functionality, i.e., it may not include touch electrodes. In some embodiments, the touch electrodes of the display panel may not employ a touch electrode wire and bridging wire arrangement; for example, they may be planar electrodes. In some embodiments, the material of the touch electrodes of the display panel may be metal, metal oxide, or any other conductive material.

[0291] like Figures 4 to 8 , Figure 16As shown, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel, including: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; and a plurality of sub-pixels located in the display area. Each sub-pixel includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the second electrode being located between the substrate and the first electrode, and the first electrode being a solid film layer within the display area. The display panel further includes an encapsulation layer located in the display area and the peripheral area; a first touch electrode layer located on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the substrate, the first touch electrode layer including a plurality of first touch electrodes extending along the first direction and a plurality of second touch electrodes extending along the second direction, each first touch electrode including a plurality of first touch electrode units, each second touch electrode including a plurality of second touch electrode units, the first touch electrode layer including a plurality of touch electrode lines, the plurality of touch electrode lines being intersected to form a plurality of first grids, each first touch electrode unit and each second touch electrode unit including a plurality of connected first grids; a second touch electrode layer including a plurality of connecting bridges, the second touch electrode layer including a plurality of bridging wires, the plurality of bridging wires being intersected to form a second grid, each connecting bridge including a plurality of connected second grids, adjacent second touch electrode units being electrically connected through at least one connecting bridge; a touch insulating layer located between the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer, the second touch electrode units being electrically connected to the connecting bridges through vias penetrating the touch insulating layer. Within the display area, the total thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the first touch electrode layer, and between the second touch electrode layer and the touch electrode layer located within the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel, is greater than the total thickness of the insulating layer between the first electrode and the first touch electrode layer, and between the second touch electrode layer and the touch electrode layer located outside ...

[0292] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the pixel circuit can, in addition to being able to... Figure 15BBesides the 7T1C (seven transistors and one capacitor) structure shown, other structures including different numbers of transistors are also possible, such as 7T2C, 6T1C, 6T2C, or 9T2C structures. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of these structures. Embodiments of this disclosure can also employ pixels arranged in stripes, triangular, mosaic, or any other arrangement. In embodiments of this disclosure, the RGB ratio in a pixel unit or repeating unit can be any one or more combinations of 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 2:2:1, 1:1:1, 1:2:3, 3:3:2, 1:3:2, 2:3:1, 3:2:3, 2:3:3, etc. For example, the RGB values ​​can be equal or unequal. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, B > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B greater than R, and R equal to G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B equal to R, and R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than R. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than B. For example, the number of sub-pixels contained in each repeating unit or pixel unit can be any one or a combination of two or more of the following: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0293] In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting areas of some sub-pixels of the same color may differ. For example, in some embodiments, a repeating unit or pixel unit may include two green sub-pixels of the same color, or two red sub-pixels of the same color, or two blue sub-pixels of the same color, or simultaneously include two pairs of sub-pixels of the same color (e.g., two green sub-pixels and two red sub-pixels), wherein the effective light-emitting areas of the sub-pixels of the same color may differ. In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting area of ​​a sub-pixel of the same color located at an edge, irregular region, or folded region may also differ in size or shape from the effective light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixels of the same color in other regions.

[0294] In the above embodiments, the emission color, size, shape, and positional distribution of each sub-pixel can be freely combined. For example, the size and shape of each sub-pixel can be partially the same, partially different, completely identical, or completely different. For example, some sub-pixels may be the same size but different shapes. For example, some sub-pixels may have roughly the same shape outline but different area sizes. For example, a first color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of second color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these second color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the first color sub-pixel. For example, a second color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of third color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these first color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the second color sub-pixels. For example, there can be different numbers of second-color sub-pixels around the third-color sub-pixel, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. The distance between these second-color sub-pixels and the third-color sub-pixel can be approximately equal, partially equal, or partially unequal.

[0295] Figure 16 For along Figure 1A The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure cut by the GG line. Figure 16 This is only a schematic diagram illustrating the film layer between the second electrode and the first electrode of each sub-pixel. (For example...) Figure 16 As shown, the total thickness of the film layer between the first electrode and the second electrode of each sub-pixel is less than the depth of the opening in the pixel defining layer 400. For example, the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel 100 is greater than the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 230 and the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200, and the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 230 and the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 is greater than the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 330 and the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300.

[0296] For example, the depth of the opening in the pixel defining layer 400 is approximately 0.8 to 1.8 micrometers. For example, the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 120 of the first color sub-pixel can be 2800 angstroms to 2900 angstroms, the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 230 and the second electrode 220 of the second color sub-pixel 200 can be 2300 angstroms to 2400 angstroms, and the total thickness of the functional film layer between the first electrode 330 and the second electrode 320 of the third color sub-pixel 300 can be 1800 angstroms to 1900 angstroms.

[0297] For example, such as Figure 16As shown, the functional film layer between the first electrode and the second electrode of each sub-pixel includes an auxiliary light-emitting layer, which is located between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode. For example, the auxiliary light-emitting layer is in direct contact with the light-emitting layer. For example, the first color sub-pixel 100 includes an auxiliary light-emitting layer 140 located between the first color light-emitting layer 110 and the second electrode 120, the second color sub-pixel 200 includes an auxiliary light-emitting layer 240 located between the second color light-emitting layer 210 and the second electrode 220, and the third color sub-pixel 300 includes an auxiliary light-emitting layer 340 located between the third color light-emitting layer 310 and the second electrode 320. For example, the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 140 of the first color sub-pixel 100 is greater than the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 240 of the second color sub-pixel 200, and the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 240 of the second color sub-pixel 200 is greater than the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 340 of the third color sub-pixel 300.

[0298] For example, the auxiliary light-emitting layer can be at least one of the film layers having functions such as hole transport, electron blocking, electron transport, hole blocking, and light emission. For example, the auxiliary light-emitting layer is in direct contact with the light-emitting layer. For example, the light-emitting layer is formed directly on the surface of the auxiliary light-emitting layer away from the substrate. For example, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the auxiliary light-emitting layer in each color sub-pixel can be formed using the same fine metal mask as the corresponding color light-emitting layer, so that the auxiliary light-emitting layer of each sub-color sub-pixel has substantially the same shape, size, projection characteristics, etc. as the corresponding color light-emitting layer, which will not be described in detail here.

[0299] For example, the distance between the surface of the first color light-emitting layer 110 away from the substrate and the substrate is greater than the distance between the surface of the second color light-emitting layer 210 away from the substrate and the substrate, and the distance between the surface of the second color light-emitting layer 210 away from the substrate and the substrate is greater than the distance between the surface of the third color light-emitting layer 310 away from the substrate and the substrate.

[0300] For example, the distance between the surface of the first color light-emitting layer 110 away from the substrate and the flat surface of the pixel limiting layer 400 is greater than the distance between the surface of the second color light-emitting layer 210 away from the substrate and the flat surface of the pixel limiting layer 400, and the distance between the surface of the second color light-emitting layer 210 away from the substrate and the flat surface of the pixel limiting layer 400 is greater than the distance between the surface of the third color light-emitting layer 310 away from the substrate and the flat surface of the pixel limiting layer 400.

[0301] For example, the slope angle of the ramp at the opening of the pixel defining layer 400 can range from 16° to 22°. Alternatively, the slope angle can range from 18° to 20°. When the ramp of the pixel defining layer is an arc-shaped surface, the slope angle is the angle between the tangent line at the intersection point of the ramp and the second electrode of the pixel and the substrate. However, it is not limited to this; the slope angle can also be the angle between the line connecting the midpoint of the pixel defining layer 400 (located at half the height of the pixel defining layer 400) and the intersection point of the pixel defining layer 400 and the second electrode of the pixel, and the plane containing the substrate.

[0302] For example, such as Figure 16 As shown, a continuous hole transport layer 30 and a hole injection layer 40 are also disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode of each sub-pixel. For example, the thickness of the hole injection layer 40 can be 5~10 nanometers, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 30 can be 90~120 nanometers. Since there are multiple continuous film layers between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode, when a voltage is applied to the second electrode of a color sub-pixel, lateral leakage current may occur in the hole transport layer and the hole injection layer, which can easily cause crosstalk in the light-emitting layer of the sub-pixel adjacent to that sub-pixel due to the overlap between the light-emitting layers of the two sub-pixels.

[0303] For example, the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 140 of the first color sub-pixel 100 can be 70~90 nanometers, the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 240 of the second color sub-pixel 200 can be 30~40 nanometers, and the thickness of the auxiliary light-emitting layer 340 of the third color sub-pixel 300 can be 5~10 nanometers.

[0304] For example, each sub-pixel may have an electron injection layer (not shown in the figure) and at least one of an electron transport layer (not shown in the figure) and a hole blocking layer (not shown in the figure) disposed between the light-emitting layer and the first electrode. For example, the electron injection layer, electron transport layer and hole blocking layer are all continuous monolithic films.

[0305] For example, the thickness of the hole blocking layer can be 5 to 10 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be 20 to 30 nanometers.

[0306] For example, the second electrode of each sub-pixel can be a stacked structure, such as a stacked structure including indium tin oxide, silver, and indium tin oxide. For example, the thickness of the second electrode can be 100-180 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the second electrode can be 110-130 nanometers.

[0307] like Figure 16As shown, the first electrode of multiple sub-pixels is a whole film layer. The thickness of the first electrode and the film layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode is less than the depth of the opening of the pixel defining layer so that the first electrode located in the opening and on the pixel defining layer forms a reflective cup structure, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency and reducing dispersion.

[0308] For example, the first electrode may comprise a material of magnesium and silver, such as a magnesium-silver alloy. For example, the thickness of the first electrode may be 10-18 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the first electrode may be 12-15 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the first electrode may be 100 angstroms.

[0309] For example, the luminescent layer and electron transport layer of each sub-pixel can be host-guest doped materials, while other film layers are made of single-molecule materials. For example, the material of the electron transport layer can include at least one of ytterbium (Yb), magnesium (Mg), and lithium fluoride (LiF). For example, the material of the electron injection layer can be Yb, or a doped material of Mg and LiF.

[0310] For example, the auxiliary light-emitting layer can have hole transport functionality. For example, in this embodiment, only the light-emitting layer and the auxiliary light-emitting layer are spaced-apart films fabricated using an open-film matrix (FMM), while other organic films are continuous common films. For example, the auxiliary light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel is made of different materials. For example, the hole transport layer and the auxiliary light-emitting layer can be made of aromatic amine derivatives.

[0311] For example, the hole-blocking layer can be made of triazine / acrazine derivatives. For example, the emissive layer of the third color sub-pixel includes a host material and a dopant material, and the thickness of the emissive layer of the third color sub-pixel can be 15-20 nm. For example, the emissive layer of the second color sub-pixel includes a host material and a dopant material, and the thickness of the emissive layer of the second color sub-pixel can be 30-40 nm. For example, the host material of the third color sub-pixel can include anthracene derivatives, the host material of the second color sub-pixel can include a carbazole + triazine mixture, and the host material of the first color sub-pixel can include heterocyclic conjugated materials.

[0312] For example, the display panel further includes a light extraction layer located between the first electrode and the encapsulation layer. For example, the light extraction layer may be an organic layer, formed by a vapor deposition process on the side of the first electrode, such as a cathode, away from the substrate.

[0313] For example, the display panel may also include an anti-reflection layer located between the first electrode and the encapsulation layer. For example, the light extraction layer may be an inorganic layer, formed by a vapor deposition process on the side of the first electrode, such as a cathode, away from the substrate. For example, the anti-reflection layer may include LiF.

[0314] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a stacked structure of a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer arranged sequentially. The edge of the light extraction layer is located on the side of the first electrode closer to the display area, and the edge of the light extraction layer and the edge of the first electrode are in contact with the first inorganic encapsulation layer. For the common layer formed by the open mask, it includes at least a cathode layer and a light extraction layer, and the boundary of the first electrode is larger than the boundary of the light extraction layer to achieve the connection between the first electrode and the leads connected to the VSS power supply terminal. For example, the first electrode is connected through an anode connection layer disposed in the same layer as the second electrode, and the anode connection layer is connected to the traces connected to the VSS power supply terminal located in the film layer where the data line is located.

[0315] In some embodiments, the display panel may omit at least one of the light extraction layer and the anti-reflection layer to save on the cost of the vapor deposition process.

[0316] In some embodiments, a refractive index adjustment layer may be included between the final film layer (e.g., any one of a cathode layer, light extraction layer, antireflection layer, or other functional layer) formed by a vapor deposition process and the encapsulation layer. This refractive index adjustment layer may be, for example, an inorganic layer. For example, the refractive index adjustment layer may include silicon oxide or silicon nitride. For example, the thickness of the refractive index adjustment layer may be 30 nm to 1 micrometer. For example, the thickness of the refractive index adjustment layer may be 40 nm to 500 nm. For example, the thickness of the refractive index adjustment layer may be 50 nm to 200 nm. For example, the thickness of the refractive index adjustment layer may be 50 nm to 100 nm. For example, the refractive index adjustment layer may be fabricated using a vapor deposition process. For example, the density of the refractive index adjustment layer may vary, for example, through gradient changes or layering, to meet refractive index requirements. For example, the refractive index range of the refractive index adjustment layer is 1.3-1.8. For example, the refractive index range of the refractive index adjustment layer is 1.4-1.7. For example, the refractive index range of the refractive index adjustment layer is 1.6-1.7.

[0317] For example, the surface of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate is formed with a plurality of periodically distributed uneven structures. For example, in the uneven structures of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate, the height difference between the concave and convex portions in the direction perpendicular to the substrate (e.g., relative to the plane where the anode main portion is located) is approximately 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm. For example, in the uneven structures of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate, the height difference between the concave and convex portions in the direction perpendicular to the substrate (e.g., relative to the plane where the anode main portion is located) is approximately 0.6 μm to 1.2 μm. For example, in the uneven structures of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate, the height difference between the concave and convex portions in the direction perpendicular to the substrate (e.g., relative to the plane where the anode main portion is located) is approximately 0.8 μm to 1.1 μm. For example, in the uneven structure of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate surface, one of the concave and convex portions has a size approximately in the range of (10-20) μm × (10-20) μm. For example, the concave portion has a size approximately in the range of (10-20) μm × (10-20) μm. For example, in the uneven structure of the first inorganic encapsulation layer away from the substrate surface, the other of the concave and convex portions is approximately formed as a connected mesh, with a mesh linewidth of approximately 18-25 μm, to enhance the adhesion between the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the directly contacting organic encapsulation layer. For example, the convex portion is approximately formed as a connected mesh. By forming an uneven structure on the first inorganic encapsulation layer, the pathways for water and oxygen intrusion can be increased, improving the encapsulation effect.

[0318] For example, such as Figures 17A to 18As shown, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display panel, comprising: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area; a plurality of first color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels being arranged along a first direction to form a plurality of first color sub-pixel rows, the plurality of first color sub-pixel rows being arranged along a second direction, and adjacent first color sub-pixel rows being staggered from each other along the first direction; a plurality of second color sub-pixels located in the display area and arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction, four second color sub-pixels surrounding one first color sub-pixel; and a plurality of third color sub-pixels located in the display area, the plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of third color sub-pixels being arranged in an array along the first direction and the second direction. The plurality of first color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a first group, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels and the plurality of second color sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a third direction to form a second group. The first group and the second group are alternately distributed along a fourth direction, and the third direction and the fourth direction intersect with both the first direction and the second direction. A pixel defining layer is located in the display area and the peripheral area. The pixel defining layer includes a plurality of openings to define the effective light-emitting areas of a plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first effective light-emitting areas, the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a plurality of second effective light-emitting areas, and the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third effective light-emitting areas. The plurality of first color sub-pixels include a plurality of first color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of second color sub-pixels include a second color emissive layer located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of first color emissive layers included in the plurality of first color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of second color emissive layers included in the plurality of second color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of third color sub-pixels include a plurality of third color emissive layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening; the plurality of third color emissive layers included in the plurality of third color sub-pixels are spaced apart from each other.The sub-pixel includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the second electrode being located between the substrate and the first electrode; the pixel defining layer includes a plurality of first defining portions and a plurality of second defining portions extending generally along the first direction, the first defining portions and the second defining portions being alternately arranged along the second direction, in the second direction, the average height of a first defining portion and a second defining portion located on both sides of the same row of sub-pixels arranged along the first direction are different, and the average height of the plurality of first defining portions located within the display area is approximately the same, the average height of the plurality of second defining portions located within the display area is approximately the same, the average height of the first defining portion is the average height from the surface of the first defining portion away from the substrate to the plane where the main electrode of the second electrode is located away from the substrate, and the average height of the second defining portion is the average height from the surface of the second defining portion away from the substrate to the plane where the main electrode of the second electrode is located away from the substrate.

[0319] In some embodiments, the relationship between the pixel defining layer and the light-emitting layer, as well as the pixel arrangement, may not follow the manner described in the above embodiments.

[0320] For example, Figure 17A This is a planar schematic diagram of the pixel limiting layer and the effective light-emitting area within the display area provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 18 For along Figure 17A The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure cut by the HH line. Figure 17A The diagram schematically illustrates the pixel defining layer and the second electrode and light-emitting layer of each sub-pixel. (Example) Figure 17A and Figure 18As shown, the pixel defining layer 400 includes wave-shaped first defining portions 410 and second defining portions 420 alternately arranged along a first direction, with the average height of the first defining portions 410 being greater than the average height of the second defining portions 420. For example, the pixel defining layer 400 includes a plurality of first defining portions 410 and a plurality of second defining portions 420 extending generally along the first direction, with the first defining portions and second defining portions alternating along a second direction. In the second direction, the average height of a first defining portion 410 and a second defining portion 420 located on opposite sides of the same row of sub-pixels is different, and the average height of the plurality of first defining portions 410 located within the display area is approximately the same, as is the average height of the plurality of second defining portions 420 located within the display area. The average height of the first defining portion 410 is the average height from the surface of the first defining portion 410 away from the substrate to the plane containing the surface of the main electrode of the second electrode away from the substrate, and the average height of the second defining portion 420 is the average height from the surface of the second defining portion 420 away from the substrate to the plane containing the surface of the main electrode of the second electrode away from the substrate. For example, because the second electrode may be uneven, a plane roughly corresponding to the portion located within the pixel defining layer opening can be used as a reference. For example, the main electrode of the second electrode can be the portion of the second electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer opening. For example, the main electrode of the second electrode can also include, in addition to the portion of the second electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer opening, another annular portion surrounding the portion of the second electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer opening, with each portion of the annular portion having approximately equal width. For example, the main electrodes of the second electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer opening can be approximately located on the same plane.

[0321] Figure 17A The effective light-emitting area of ​​each color sub-pixel is shown only schematically. The size and shape of the effective display area of ​​each color sub-pixel are different from those of the others. Figure 1A The effective display areas of each color subpixel shown are the same in size and shape. Figure 17A The first and second limiting parts are schematically represented by different fill colors. The first and second limiting parts can be formed as a single structure, forming a grid.

[0322] For example, the first limiting portion 410 and the second limiting portion 420 are used to separate at least two rows of sub-pixels.

[0323] For example, the length of the first limiting portion 410 and the second limiting portion 420 extending in the first direction includes at least the sum of the dimensions of four consecutive sub-pixel effective light-emitting areas and the intervals between them in that direction.

[0324] For example, such as Figure 17AAs shown, two adjacent rows of subpixels constitute a pixel unit row 1010. In the second direction, the average height of the two first limiting portions 410 located on both sides of a pixel unit row 1010 is greater than the average height of a second limiting portion 420 located between two rows of subpixels in the pixel unit row 1010. For example, the pixel unit row 1010 includes a row of alternating first color subpixels 100 and third color subpixels 300, and a row of second color subpixels 200.

[0325] For example, the slope angle at the midpoint of the slope at the opening of the first limiting portion 410 is greater than the slope angle at the midpoint of the slope at the opening of the second limiting portion 420. The midpoint of the slope is, for example, located at approximately half the thickness of the slope in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, or at approximately half the projected extension dimension of the slope. For example, the slope angle change trend from the end of the opening of the first limiting portion 410 away from the second electrode to the end closer to the second electrode is slower than the slope angle change trend from the end of the opening of the second limiting portion 420 away from the second electrode to the end closer to the second electrode.

[0326] For example, the average height of the first limiting portion and the average height of the second limiting portion mentioned above refer to the height of the surface where the main electrode of the second electrode of each sub-pixel is located. For example, if a planarization layer is provided on the side of the second electrode facing the substrate, the average height of the first limiting portion and the average height of the second limiting portion mentioned above can also refer to the average distance between the surface of each limiting portion away from the substrate and the surface of each limiting portion near the planarization layer, relative to the surface of the planarization layer away from the substrate.

[0327] For example, such as Figure 17AAs shown, the pixel arrangement structure composed of multiple first-color sub-pixels 100, multiple second-color sub-pixels 200, and multiple third-color sub-pixels 300 includes multiple minimum repeating units 1000 arranged along a first direction. Each minimum repeating unit 1000 includes one first-color sub-pixel 100, one third-color sub-pixel 300, and two second-color sub-pixels 200 distributed in two sub-pixel rows. One second-color sub-pixel 200 and the first-color sub-pixel 100 constitute a first virtual pixel, and the other second-color sub-pixel 200 and the third-color sub-pixel 300 constitute a second virtual pixel. The first-color sub-pixel 100 and the third-color sub-pixel 300 are shared by the two virtual pixels respectively. The virtual pixel described in this embodiment is not a pixel in the strict sense, that is, a pixel defined by a complete blue sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a red sub-pixel. The minimum repeating unit here refers to the pixel arrangement structure that can be formed by repeating this minimum repeating unit. In this embodiment of the disclosure, a virtual pixel method that reduces the number of sub-pixels by sharing a portion of the sub-pixels can reduce the density of physical sub-pixels while maintaining the same image resolution. This reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the display device, thereby improving yield and reducing costs.

[0328] For example, in the second direction, the first limiting portion 410 is located on both sides of the minimum repeating unit 1000 arranged along the first direction, and the second limiting portion 420 is located in the interval between two sub-pixel rows distributed in the minimum repeating unit 1000. For example, the first virtual pixel and the second virtual pixel are arranged alternately along the first direction and the second direction, the first limiting portion 410 is located on both sides of the minimum repeating unit 1000 arranged along the first direction, and the second limiting portion 420 passes through the interval between two sub-pixels in each virtual pixel. In the embodiments of this disclosure, by setting the alternating first limiting portion and the second limiting portion, the color shift at the edge of the display area and the uniformity of the display area edge and the internal display can be reduced, which is beneficial to the color mixing of sub-pixels within the virtual pixel.

[0329] For example, Figure 17B and Figure 17C These are schematic diagrams of the planar structure of the pixel-limiting layers in the peripheral area and the display area at two different locations. (See diagram for example.) Figure 17B and Figure 17CAs shown, the average height of a first limiting portion 410 is greater than the average height of a second limiting portion 420, and the pixel limiting layer 400 in the peripheral region is a third limiting portion 430. For example, the average height of the third limiting portion 430 is greater than the average height of a second limiting portion 420. For example, the average height of the pixel limiting layer 400 in the peripheral region is approximately equal to the average height of the first limiting portion 410. Here, "approximately equal" means that, considering process variations, the pattern area of ​​the pixel limiting layer in the peripheral region is larger than the display area, so the process may cause the height of the pixel limiting layer in the peripheral region to be slightly greater or slightly less than the height of the first limiting portion, for example, the ratio of the average height of the pixel limiting layer in the peripheral region to the average height of the first limiting portion is 1.1:0.9.

[0330] For example, such as Figure 17B and Figure 17C As shown, the pixel defining layer in the peripheral region can be an integral structure with the first defining portion and the second defining portion. Besides the portion shown in the figure, other parts of the peripheral region may also include patterns partially on the same layer as the pixel defining layer, such as barrier dams for encapsulation, isolation pillars for separating organic functional film layers, or material of the pixel defining layer retained in some vias or perforated structures in the peripheral region. In some embodiments, the pixel defining layer within the display area is completely covered by a cathode.

[0331] For example, Figure 17D A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the pixel-defining layer of the display area is provided as another example. (See diagram below.) Figure 17D As shown, with Figure 17A The difference in the example shown is that the first limiting part 410 and the second limiting part 420 in this example are generally straight lines, and the first limiting part 410 and the second limiting part 420 are connected by a limiting connecting part 440. For example, the first limiting part 410, the second limiting part 420 and the limiting connecting part 440 can be an integral structure.

[0332] For example, such as Figure 18 As shown, the pixel defining layer 400 includes a flat portion 404 and a ramp 405 surrounding each opening. The ramp 405 includes a first sub-ramp 4051 near the flat portion 404 and a second sub-ramp 4052 away from the flat portion 404. Along a third or fourth direction, the ratio of the dimensions of the orthographic projections of the first sub-ramp 4051 and the second sub-ramp 4052 onto the substrate is no greater than 1 / 4, and the average slope angle of the first sub-ramp 4051 is less than the average slope angle of the second sub-ramp 4052. For example, the flat portion is a generally flat structure, such as the portion where the pixel defining layer film thickness is greater than 80% of the maximum value. The slope angle here is, for example, the angle between a tangent line drawn from the ramp surface and the surface of the substrate; the average slope angle is the average value of the slope angles measured at multiple consecutive points or at fixed intervals on the surface.

[0333] For example, the thickness of the pixel-defining layer is generally greater than 1.1 micrometers, and the slope angle of the opening of the pixel-defining layer is calculated to be 20 degrees, with the length of the slope being approximately 3 micrometers.

[0334] For example, such as Figure 1A As shown, in order to prevent the organic light-emitting elements in the display area 11 near the peripheral area 12 from being affected by the peripheral area 12, a transition area 13 is provided in the area of ​​the peripheral area 12 adjacent to the display area 11. Some dummy sub-pixels 31 can be provided in the transition area 13.

[0335] For example, Figure 19 for Figure 1A The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional structure of the transition zone. Figure 19 An exemplary cross-sectional view of the first type of virtual sub-pixel 31A and the second type of virtual sub-pixel 31A' is illustrated. Figure 19 As shown, in the virtual sub-pixel, the pixel defining layer 400 may have no opening area. In the first type of virtual sub-pixel 31A, the second electrode 41A' is located on the side of the pixel defining layer 400 facing the substrate 10, while the first virtual auxiliary light-emitting layer 42A, the first virtual light-emitting material layer 43A, and the first electrode 24 are sequentially stacked on the other side of the pixel defining layer 400 away from the substrate 10.

[0336] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the pixel circuit can, in addition to being able to... Figure 15BBesides the 7T1C (seven transistors and one capacitor) structure shown, other structures including different numbers of transistors are also possible, such as 7T2C, 6T1C, 6T2C, or 9T2C structures. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of these structures. Embodiments of this disclosure can also employ pixels arranged in stripes, triangular, mosaic, or any other arrangement. In embodiments of this disclosure, the RGB ratio in a pixel unit or repeating unit can be any one or more combinations of 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 2:2:1, 1:1:1, 1:2:3, 3:3:2, 1:3:2, 2:3:1, 3:2:3, 2:3:3, etc. For example, the RGB values ​​can be equal or unequal. For example, the pixel boundary layer opening size for a single sub-pixel can be B > R, B > G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B greater than R, and R equal to G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be B equal to R, and R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be R greater than G. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than R. For example, the pixel boundary layer aperture size for a single sub-pixel can be G greater than B. For example, the number of sub-pixels contained in each repeating unit or pixel unit can be any one or a combination of two or more of the following: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0337] In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting areas of some sub-pixels of the same color may differ. For example, in some embodiments, a repeating unit or pixel unit may include two green sub-pixels of the same color, or two red sub-pixels of the same color, or two blue sub-pixels of the same color, or simultaneously include two pairs of sub-pixels of the same color (e.g., two green sub-pixels and two red sub-pixels), wherein the effective light-emitting areas of the sub-pixels of the same color may differ. In some embodiments, the effective light-emitting area of ​​a sub-pixel of the same color located at an edge, irregular region, or folded region may also differ in size or shape from the effective light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixels of the same color in other regions.

[0338] In the above embodiments, the emission color, size, shape, and positional distribution of each sub-pixel can be freely combined. For example, the size and shape of each sub-pixel can be partially the same, partially different, completely identical, or completely different. For example, some sub-pixels may be the same size but different shapes. For example, some sub-pixels may have roughly the same shape outline but different area sizes. For example, a first color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of second color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these second color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the first color sub-pixel. For example, a second color sub-pixel may be surrounded by different numbers of third color sub-pixels, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., and these first color sub-pixels may be approximately equal to, partially equal to, and partially unequal to the distance from the second color sub-pixels. For example, there can be different numbers of second-color sub-pixels around the third-color sub-pixel, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. The distance between these second-color sub-pixels and the third-color sub-pixel can be approximately equal, partially equal, or partially unequal.

[0339] In some embodiments, the display panel may not have touch functionality, i.e., it may not include touch electrodes. In some embodiments, the touch electrodes of the display panel may not employ a touch electrode wire and bridging wire arrangement; for example, they may be planar electrodes. In some embodiments, the material of the touch electrodes of the display panel may be metal, metal oxide, or any other conductive material.

[0340] For example, the transition area 13 outside the display area 11 may include two rings of dummy sub-pixels 31.

[0341] For example, the number of rows or columns of dummy sub-pixels in the transition area 13 outside the display area 11 may be different at different locations, such as rounded corner area, norch area, punched area, etc.

[0342] For example, an open mask is used to form a common layer across the entire display panel, i.e., a film layer with the same material and thickness for all sub-pixels, such as an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer. In addition to the organic functional layer between the cathode and anode, the cathode and optical functional layers located on the side of the cathode away from the anode, such as light extraction layers (e.g., organic layers) and antireflection layers (e.g., non-polar layers, such as LiF), can also be formed by vapor deposition processes, such as using an open mask.

[0343] For example, the distance between the boundary of the display area of ​​the display panel and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the open mask on the display panel can be 0.3 mm.

[0344] For example, the distance between the light-emitting layer at the edge of the display area and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the open mask onto the display panel can be 0.01~0.02mm.

[0345] For example, the distance between the boundary of the display area and the boundary of the first electrode can be 0.3 mm.

[0346] The following points need to be explained:

[0347] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of this disclosure, and other structures can be referred to the general design.

[0348] (2) Where there is no conflict, features of the same embodiment and different embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0349] (3) For combinations of different embodiments, some features in some embodiments can be combined with some features in other embodiments. The combination of technical features in various embodiments is added for the sake of completeness description and ease of understanding, wherein some features are not necessary in their respective embodiments, and in some cases some features can be omitted.

[0350] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display panel, comprising: The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area located around the display area; Multiple sub-pixels are located in the display area; A pixel defining layer, located in the display area and the peripheral area, includes a plurality of openings to define the effective light-emitting areas of the plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of sub-pixels include a plurality of light-emitting layers located within the corresponding opening and on the pixel defining layer surrounding the corresponding opening, wherein the light-emitting layers of at least some different sub-pixels overlap. In at least some sub-pixels, the shapes of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area projected onto the substrate are different for the same sub-pixel, or... In at least some sub-pixels, the edges of at least some of the light-emitting layers and the effective light-emitting areas corresponding to the same sub-pixel, whose orthogonal projections on the substrate are close to each other, are not parallel; The plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors. The effective light-emitting area of ​​at least one color sub-pixel has a length direction and a width direction. The length direction is the extension direction of the line connecting the two farthest points of the effective light-emitting area. The width direction of the same effective light-emitting area is perpendicular to the length direction. For the same effective light-emitting area having the length direction and the width direction, along the length direction, the maximum distance between the adjacent edges of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate is a third distance; along the width direction, the maximum distance between the adjacent edges of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate is a fourth distance; the third distance is less than the fourth distance; the effective light-emitting area includes an edge extending along the length direction, and the length of the edge extending along the length direction is greater than the maximum dimension of the effective light-emitting area in the width direction.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, In at least some of the sub-pixels, the edges of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel at each position of their orthogonal projection on the substrate are not parallel to each other.

3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The effective light-emitting area of ​​at least some sub-pixels includes multiple straight edges and corners located between adjacent straight edges. In the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel on the substrate, the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the midpoint of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area and the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the vertex of the corner of the effective light-emitting area and the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer is a second distance. The first distance is greater than the second distance.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, In the at least some sub-pixels, in the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, at least half of the orthographic projection of the edge of the effective light-emitting area is not parallel to the orthographic projection of the edge of the light-emitting layer.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The edge of the orthogonal projection of the light-emitting layer of the same sub-pixel of the at least one color sub-pixel on the substrate is not parallel to the orthogonal projection of the edge of the light-emitting area on the substrate.

6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, In the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, the ratio of the size of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer in the length direction to its size in the width direction is a first size ratio, and the ratio of the size of the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area in the length direction to its size in the width direction is a second size ratio. The first size ratio and the second size ratio are different.

7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors. In the same sub-pixel of at least one color sub-pixel, the edge of the effective light-emitting area includes a straight edge, and the edge of the light-emitting layer includes a curved edge. In the orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer and the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the same sub-pixel onto the substrate, the orthographic projection of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area and the orthographic projection of the curved edge of the light-emitting layer are close to each other, and the length of the curved edge of the light-emitting layer is greater than the length of the straight edge of the effective light-emitting area.

8. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, the sub-pixels of different colors include a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel, the light-emitting layers of at least two partially adjacent second color sub-pixels do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the light-emitting layers of at least partially adjacent first color sub-pixels and third color sub-pixels overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

9. The display panel according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The plurality of sub-pixels includes a plurality of minimum repeating units, at least one minimum repeating unit includes at least two sub-pixels of the same color, and the effective light-emitting areas of the at least two sub-pixels of the same color are different in area or shape.

10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein, The plurality of sub-pixels are arranged into a plurality of sub-pixel rows, the sub-pixels of each sub-pixel row are arranged along a first direction, the plurality of sub-pixel rows are arranged along a second direction, adjacent sub-pixel rows in the plurality of sub-pixel rows are staggered from each other along the first direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect. Each minimal repeating unit comprises a first-color sub-pixel, a third-color sub-pixel, and two second-color sub-pixels distributed across two sub-pixel rows.

11. The display panel according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, Each sub-pixel also includes a pixel circuit located between the light-emitting layer and the substrate. The plurality of sub-pixels include sub-pixels of different colors, and one of the sub-pixels of at least one color includes a plurality of effective light-emitting areas, which are configured to be driven to emit light by the same pixel circuit.

12. The display panel according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising at least one encapsulation layer located in the display area and the peripheral area, and located on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate. in, The at least one encapsulation layer has a concave-convex structure on the side facing the substrate, the concave-convex structure including a plurality of spaced convex portions, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of a convex portion on the substrate is (10-20) μm × (10-20) μm.

13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein, The orthographic projection of the convex portion on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the effective light-emitting area on the substrate.

14. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein, The concave-convex structure includes a concave portion, and the orthographic projection of the concave portion onto the substrate is a grid-like shape.

15. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein, The pixel defining layer includes a flat portion and a ramp, the ramp surrounding each opening, the ramp including a first sub-ramp near the flat portion and a second sub-ramp away from the flat portion, the average slope angle of the first sub-ramp being smaller than the average slope angle of the second sub-ramp.

16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein, The orthographic projection of the convex portion onto a plane perpendicular to the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second sub-slope onto that plane.

17. A display device comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 1-16.

Images