Tissue products, tissue product logs and stacks, and methods of manufacture

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a tissue paper product, such as toilet paper or household towel. The tissue paper product comprises two to four plies, including at least a first ply and a second ply. The two, three or four plies are optionally bonded using an adhesive, such as a lamination glue, or a mechanical bond, such as edge embossing, to form the tissue paper product. The first and second plies are the outermost plies of the tissue paper product. If the total number of plies of the tissue paper product is 2, the tissue paper product has a grammage in the range of 24-50 g / m 2 , if the total number of plies of the tissue paper product is 3, the grammage is in the range of 34-65 g / m 2 , and if the total number of plies of the tissue paper product is 4, the grammage is in the range of 55-95 g / m 2 . The first ply is made of conventional wet press (CWP) paper and embossed with a heated embossing roll. The second ply is a structured paper ply, such as a ply made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos or NTT.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a cotton paper product, such as a household towel or toilet paper, comprising at least three layers, wherein the outermost layer of the cotton paper product is embossed. The invention also relates to rolls of such cotton paper products and stacks of such cotton paper products. Furthermore, this disclosure relates to methods of manufacturing them. Background Technology

[0002] In the following text, "cotton paper products" refers to an absorbent paper based on cellulose filler. The latter is also known in this technical field as cotton paper substrate.

[0003] The fibers contained in cotton paper products are primarily cellulose fibers, such as pulp fibers derived from chemical pulps (e.g., kraft pulp or sulfite), mechanical pulps (e.g., ground wood), thermomechanical pulps, chemimechanical pulps, and / or chemothermomechanical pulps (CTMP). Pulps derived from deciduous (hardwood) and coniferous (softwood) plants may also be used. Fibers may also be derived from non-woody plants, such as cereals, bamboo, jute, and sisal. Fibers, or portions thereof, may be recycled fibers that may belong to any or all of the aforementioned categories. Fibers may be treated with additives, such as fillers, softeners, including but not limited to quaternary ammonium compounds and binders, conventional dry strength agents, temporary wet strength agents, or wet strength agents, to facilitate the original papermaking process or to adjust its properties. Cotton paper products may also contain other types of fibers, such as regenerated cellulose fibers or synthetic fibers, to enhance, for example, the strength, absorbency, smoothness, or softness of the cotton paper product.

[0004] When the term "softness" is used to describe cotton paper products in this article, it refers to the softness characteristic determined through evaluation by a panel of ten members. A panel list of ten members was used in this case. The panel list was used to rank the products by softness. The softness panel values ​​were used as comparative values ​​to allow comparisons between tested samples. The softer the product / cotton paper, the higher the score. In this example, the softness rating was set from 0 to 2.5 (2.5 being the highest value). Each sample consisted of one type of product, namely cotton paper. Alternatively, each sample was a single layer. The samples were first conditioned in a controlled area at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for at least two hours. They were then evaluated by the panel members.

[0005] Cotton paper products are available for personal and household use, as well as commercial and industrial applications. They can be used to absorb fluids, remove dust, and for other cleaning purposes. If the cotton paper is made from pulp, the process essentially involves a forming step, which includes a headbox and forming line section, and a drying section, either by air drying or conventional drying on Yankee rollers. The production process may also include creping, and typically concludes with monitoring and winding steps.

[0006] Multiple layers can be combined together by a combination of chemical operations (e.g., by adhesive bonding) or a combination of mechanical operations (e.g., knurling or so-called edge embossing) or both.

[0007] Furthermore, the processing of finished cotton paper products can include, for example, longitudinal cutting, folding, and cross-cutting. Additionally, individual cotton paper products can be positioned and grouped together to form stacks that can be individually packaged. Such processing steps may also include the application of substances such as fragrances, detergents, softeners, or other chemical additives.

[0008] When multiple layers are combined together using an adhesive bond, an adhesive film is deposited on some or all of the surfaces of at least one layer, and then the adhesive-treated surface is brought into contact with the surface of at least one other layer.

[0009] When multiple layers are joined together using mechanical bonding, they can be joined by knurling, compression, edge embossing, joint embossing, and / or ultrasonic bonding. Additionally, or as an alternative, water can be used instead of certain other adhesives for at least some of the bonding.

[0010] Mechanical bonding and adhesive bonding can also be combined to create multiple layers.

[0011] The processing steps from base cotton paper to finished cotton paper products occur in processing machines (conversion machines), which include operations such as unfolding base cotton paper, calendering cotton paper, laminating, printing or embossing to form multi-layered products.

[0012] Embossing can be used to change the shape of a layer from flat to shaped, creating areas that are raised and / or recessed from the rest of the surface. Therefore, it constitutes a deformation of the previously flat sheet and results in a layer with a specific embossed texture. Typically, the thickness of one or more embossed layers increases compared to the initial thickness.

[0013] The embossing process takes place between an embossing roll and a reverse roll. The embossing roll may have protrusions or depressions on its circumferential surface, resulting in embossed protrusions / depressions in the paper web. The reverse roll can be softer than the corresponding embossing roll and can be made of rubber (e.g., natural rubber), plastic, paper, or steel. If the reverse roll is made of a softer material such as rubber, a contact area / gap can be created between the embossing roll (e.g., a steel roll) and the reverse roll through deformation of the softer roll.

[0014] Embossing allows patterns to be applied to tissue paper for decorative and / or functional purposes. Functional purposes can include improving the performance of the tissue product; that is, embossing can improve the product's thickness, absorbency, volume, softness, etc. Functional purposes can also include providing adhesion to another layer in multi-layer products.

[0015] Another type of embossing is referred to herein as "pre-embossing". Pre-embossing can preferably be applied to the web or layer before the web and layers are bonded to other layers of the multilayer cotton paper product.

[0016] This pre-embossed pattern can be used for functional purposes, such as as described above, to increase the thickness, absorbency, volume, and / or softness of the layer.

[0017] In this article, "micro-embossing" is used to refer to embossed patterns with a dense arrangement. Typically, micro-embossing can include 25-120 dots / cm. 2 Points within the range, optionally 40-100 points / cm 2 or 50-80 points / cm 2 Microembossing can advantageously be pre-embossed. Microembossed dots can have different relatively simple surface shapes, such as circles, ovals, squares, rectangles, or rhombuses.

[0018] While the multi-layer cotton paper products and their manufacturing methods proposed in the past may be very useful in many applications, improvements are still needed. Such improvements are particularly desired in terms of the thickness, strength, softness, volume, and / or absorbency of multi-layer cotton paper products.

[0019] Therefore, there is a need for an improved cotton paper product having at least one of the aforementioned improvements, as well as a method for manufacturing such a product. Summary of the Invention

[0020] The aforementioned objectives are achieved through the cotton paper products according to this disclosure.

[0021] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a tissue paper product, such as toilet paper or household towels, wherein the tissue paper product comprises two to four layers. These two, three, or four layers include at least a first and a second layer, and the two, three, or four layers are optionally laminated using an adhesive such as a laminating adhesive or a mechanical bond such as edge embossing to form the tissue paper product. The first and second layers are the outermost layers of the tissue paper product.

[0022] If the total number of layers in a cotton paper product is 2, then the weight range of the cotton paper product is 24-50 g / m². 2 If the total number of layers in a cotton paper product is 3, then the basis weight is 34-65 g / m². 2 Within this range, if the total number of layers in the cotton paper product is 4, then the basis weight is 55-95 g / m². 2 Within the range.

[0023] Whenever “basis weight” (or “weight in grams”) is mentioned in this document, it refers to the basis weight (weight in grams) determined by a test method according to the principles for determining basis weight set forth in standard EN ISO 12625-6:2016. (50cm punched from the sample sheet) 2Specimens. Randomly select specimens from the entire sample; specimens should be free from folds, wrinkles, and any other deviations or deformations. Condition the specimens at 23°C and 50% RH (relative humidity) for at least 2 hours. Weigh a stack of 20 specimens on a calibrated balance. The basis weight (gram weight) is the weighed mass divided by the total area of ​​1000 cm². 2 (20×50cm 2 ), and recorded as the average value with standard deviation.

[0024] The first layer is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. The first layer is embossed using heated embossing rollers. Depending on the embodiment of the cotton paper product, the first layer can be either the top or bottom layer.

[0025] According to the "Conventional Wet Paper" (CWP) process, the production layer of papermaking fibers can rely on, for example, the manufacture of "dry crepe paper" or "wet crepe paper," and can be distinguished from "processes for structured paper," such as Through Air Drying (TAD) manufacturing methods, the manufacture of uncrepe air-through dried paper (UCTAD), or alternative manufacturing methods, such as Voith's Advanced Tissue Molding System (ATMOS), Georgia Pacific's Energy Efficient Technologically Advanced Drying (eTAD), or Metso Paper's Structured Tissue Technology (SST). Hybrid processes, such as NTT (Metso Paper's New Textured Tissue), can be used as an alternative to traditional processes.

[0026] The second layer is a structured paper layer, such as a layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT.

[0027] Embossing the first layer with a heated embossing roller may be advantageous because the embossing can have better shape memory, meaning it is more resilient to shape deformation when the cotton paper product is wet. In other words, the embossing is less affected when the layer is wet. This means the cotton paper product can have better absorbency than a comparable cotton paper product that does not include at least one layer embossed with a heated embossing roller. Furthermore, a greater thickness can be achieved while maintaining the same tensile strength compared to a product with a certain thickness and strength (tensile strength) without a layer embossed with a heated embossing roller. In other words, the cotton paper product according to this disclosure has high thickness, good absorbency, and high tensile strength. Specifically, a greater thickness of cotton paper product can be achieved during the manufacturing process under the same embossing load.

[0028] Whenever "absorbency" is mentioned in this document, it refers to the absorbency measured as follows. The measurement is performed using the basket dip method. A test sample with a defined width and total mass is placed in a cylindrical basket and, according to ISO 14487 (conductivity ≤0.25 mS / m at 25°C), the basket is dropped from a specified height onto a surface of deionized water. The time between the basket's fall and the complete wetting of the test sample is measured. The average time recorded for multiple samples equals the water absorption time. The amount of water absorbed is determined based on the dry and wet weight of the test sample. Before measurement, the test sample should be conditioned for a sufficient time at 23°C and 50% relative humidity (see ISO 187 for the standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing cotton paper). The resulting absorbency is reported in grams of water per gram of sample, accurate to 0.1 g / g. This method is performed according to ISO 12625-8:2011 (Water absorption time and absorbency, basket dip test method).

[0029] Whenever “thickness” is mentioned in this document, it refers to the thickness obtained using a Frank thickness gauge (model 16502) or similar equipment according to European standard EN 12625-3. The cotton paper sheet to be measured is cut into slices of at least 80 mm in any direction and conditioned at 23°C and 50% RH (relative humidity) for at least 2 hours. During measurement, the specimen is placed between the fixed base plate and the pressure foot. The pressure foot is then lowered at a speed of 2.0 mm / s. The thickness value of the sheet is then read after the pressure has stabilized. The inner diameter of the pressure foot is 35.7 mm. The lower plate dimension is at least 20% larger. The pressure applied during measurement is 2.0 kPa.

[0030] Whenever “tensile strength” is mentioned in this document, the tensile strength in question can be measured and compared according to the dry tensile strength of standard EN ISO 12625-4:2005 or the wet tensile strength of standard ISO 12625-5:2005.

[0031] Dry strength was determined according to EN ISO 12625-4:2005 (cotton paper and cotton paper products, Part 4: Determination of width-related breaking strength, elongation at break and tensile energy absorption). For illustrative purposes, the tensile testing apparatus used for the measurement has two 50 mm wide clamps. Each clamp can securely clamp the specimen along a straight line (clamping line) across the entire width of the specimen without damaging it. The distance between the clamping lines is set to 100 mm. For specific tests, if the available length of the sample is less than 100 mm (e.g., transverse toilet paper), the distance is reduced. The cotton paper product to be measured, i.e., two sheets of a single-layer or multi-layer product, is cut into 50 mm wide specimens with parallel edges. Each sheet is cut into two different types of specimens by cutting along the machine direction and transversely. The resulting specimens are then conditioned in an atmosphere of 23°C and 50% RH (relative humidity) for at least 4 hours. The specimen to be tested is placed between the clamps without any strain, thus eliminating any observable relaxation. Initially, a pre-tension force of 25 cN was applied (tension was zero), and then the elongation between the clamps was kept constant at 5 cm / min. The maximum tensile force required to break the specimen was obtained. The measurement was repeated with six specimens, and the average value was taken. The dry tensile strength was calculated using the following formula: Average dry tensile strength [N / m] = (Average maximum tensile force [N] / Initial width of specimen [mm]) × l0 < 3.

[0032] Wet strength was determined according to EN ISO 12625-5 (cotton paper and cotton paper products, Part 5: Determination of width-dependent wet load at break, 2005). (Optionally, the following description follows the principles of DIN NORM). For illustrative purposes, when experimentally verifying the wet strength of the product, tensile tests were performed using a Finch device with a constant elongation of 50 mm / min on an electronic tensile testing apparatus (Model 1122, Instron Corp., Canton, Mass., USA). To prepare the test strips, six samples were cut from raw cotton paper (single layer) prepared with the longitudinal direction of the test strip aligned with the machine direction (MD) or transverse direction (CD), each sample being 150 mm long and 50 mm wide. The free clamping length when using the Finch clamp was approximately 50 mm. Both ends of the test strip were fixed in the clamps of the testing apparatus. The other end (loop) formed in this manner was placed around the pin and treated with distilled water at 23°C until fully saturated. The immersion depth of the loop formed by the test strip was at least 20 mm. The immersion time was 15 s, and the elongation was set to a constant (50±2) mm / min. The breaking strength of the samples immersed in distilled water was measured. Six test strips were measured at a time, and the results are shown as the arithmetic mean. To ensure that the wet strength of the samples had been fully developed (this is especially necessary for samples where additional wet strength agents are used to enhance wet strength, e.g., by adding wet strength agents by mass), the samples were always artificially aged before tensile testing. Aging was performed by heating the samples to (80±1) °C in an air-circulating drying cabinet for 30 minutes. Six test strips were measured at a time, and the results are shown as the arithmetic mean.

[0033] The cotton paper products disclosed herein can have a similar high thickness to the comparative products, in which the CWP layer is replaced by another un-heat-embossed structured paper layer (but manufactured in a similar manner). This is because the CWP layer has been heat-embossed, and their manufacturing cost may be lower. In other words, compared to another structured layer, the heat-embossed CWP layer can add less cost to the production of the cotton paper products.

[0034] Cotton paper products can especially include toilet paper. However, this also includes other cotton paper products such as hand towels, napkins, facial tissues, and toilet paper.

[0035] If a layer bond with an adhesive is used, the adhesive can be, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol and / or methylcellulose-based adhesive. For instance, the adhesive can be applied using a spraying device.

[0036] The first layer can include two types of embossing and can be processed using "dual-height embossing," which utilizes one or more rollers with embossing protrusions of different heights. Dual-height embossing not only provides volume to fiber products but also enhances their optical appearance. Optical appearance can be improved by combining the embossing and coloring steps. Another reason for embossing is to produce higher absorbency or improved perceived softness.

[0037] In particular, tissue paper products used for hygiene or wiping mainly include various types of dry crepe tissue paper, wet crepe tissue paper, TAD paper (air-penetrating dried), and tissue paper based on structured technology such as... NTT, UCTAD, and cellulose or pulp fillers, or combinations thereof, laminates, or mixtures thereof, are used to make cotton paper. Typical characteristics of these hygiene and wiping products include their ability to absorb tensile stress energy, their drape, good fabric-like flexibility, often referred to as volumetric softness, high surface softness, and a high specific volume with perceptible thickness. The highest possible liquid absorbency is required, and depending on the application, suitable wet and dry strength, as well as the appearance of the external product surface, are necessary. Among other things, these properties allow these hygiene and wiping products to be used as cleaning wipes, such as windshield cleaning wipes, industrial wipes, kitchen paper towels, etc.; as hygiene products, such as bathroom wipes, handkerchiefs, household towels, towels, etc.; as cosmetic wipes, such as facial care wipes; and as cutlery or napkins, etc. Furthermore, hygiene and wiping products can be dried, wetted, dampened, printed, or pre-treated in any way. Additionally, hygiene and wiping products can be folded, staggered, or placed individually, stacked or rolled, joined or unjoined in any suitable manner.

[0038] According to some embodiments, the first layer includes micro-embossing with a micro-embossing height in the range of 0.1mm-1.2mm.

[0039] According to some embodiments, the first layer includes macro-embossing with a height ranging from 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm, optionally from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm. The first layer may particularly include both micro-embossing and macro-embossing. The density of the total number of embossed dots in the first layer can be 25-120 dots / cm². 2 Optional 40-100 points / cm 2 Or 50-80 points / cm 2 Within a narrower range, these densities contribute to higher tensile strength and good absorbency in the corresponding cotton paper products to a greater extent.

[0040] According to various embodiments, embossing density can be measured, for example, using 3D tomography (e.g., using Alicona Infinite Focus SL with IF MeasureSuite version 5.1 software). Alicona Infinite Focus SL with IF MeasureSuite version 5.1 software can also be used to measure the embossed surface area and / or embossing height. Embossing height can be defined as the distance from the bottom to the top of the layer in a cross-sectional view.

[0041] Macro-embossing can cover 1%-20% of the total surface area of ​​the first layer, optionally 2%-10%, or 3%-6%. The density of macro-embossing can be 15 dots / cm². 2 Or smaller, optionally 10 points / cm 2 Or smaller.

[0042] According to some embodiments, the first layer has been embossed with a heated first embossing roller, which is heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C, optionally 100°C-165°C, 110°C-165°C, 120°C-160°C, or 130°C-155°C.

[0043] The first embossing roller used for the first layer of embossing can be heated to a surface temperature of 80°C-170°C, optionally 100°C-165°C, 110°C-165°C, 120°C-160°C, or 130°C-155°C. These temperature ranges, with their narrower ranges, greatly facilitate the manufacture of cotton paper products with good shape memory and / or large thickness, high tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) and / or transverse direction (CD), and good absorbency.

[0044] The temperature of the heatable embossing roller mentioned in this article refers to the surface temperature of the embossing roller. For example, these temperatures can be measured using an infrared thermometer. Furthermore, the temperature value refers to the temperature under stable conditions of the manufacturing equipment, i.e., when not in operation and when the layers are in contact with the embossing roller. In particular, the surface temperature of the heatable embossing roller may decrease during manufacturing due to various factors, such as heat conduction to the layers in contact with the roller. For example, a surface temperature that can be measured at 170°C under stable conditions (when the embossing roller is not in contact with the layers) may decrease to a temperature in the range of 100°C-130°C during manufacturing processes. In other words, the temperature may change during manufacturing.

[0045] In summary, the indications regarding the temperatures used for the first layer of hot embossing can therefore be referred to as "steady-state" temperatures, that is, temperatures related to the state in which the embossing roller is heated but the manufacturing process is not running (the embossing roller is not in contact with the layer).

[0046] According to some embodiments, the second layer has been embossed using a non-heated embossing roller. According to other embodiments, the second layer may not have been embossed in the sense that it was not pre-embossed before the previous layer bonding was performed.

[0047] According to some embodiments, prior to the embossing of the first layer, the first layer has been moistened with a liquid (e.g., water), which may or may not contain one or more additives. Before embossing, the first layer may be moistened with a liquid amount of 2%-12% of its basis weight, or optionally 4%-10% of its basis weight. A similar approach applies to the second layer.

[0048] The first layer can be wetted with a liquid volume of 2%-12% of the first layer's base weight, or optionally 4%-10% of the first layer's base weight. A similar statement applies to the second layer.

[0049] According to some embodiments, the first layer is not wetted with liquid before the embossing step. In these cases, the first layer may also be referred to as the dry heat embossing layer.

[0050] Some embodiments of cotton paper products consist of exactly two layers. In the following text, these will be referred to as the first layer and the second layer.

[0051] Cotton paper products consist of two layers. In fact, the total number of layers in a cotton paper product is two. In other words, cotton paper products are composed of two layers. However, this does not mean that cotton paper products cannot contain other components (besides the layers), such as adhesives, additives, etc. It simply means that the number of layers is two. At least one of the two layers is an embossed layer. However, both layers can be embossed layers.

[0052] The first layer (of hot embossing) includes a first embossing having a first height (h1). The first height (h1) is in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0053] The second layer may include a second embossing with a second height (h2). The second height (h2) is in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0054] Adhesives, such as laminating adhesives, may have been applied to the tips of the first embossing of the first layer and / or the tips of the second embossing of the second layer.

[0055] The first layer may include a third embossed pattern, the third height (h3) of which is less than the first height (h1) (hl>h3).

[0056] The second layer may include a fourth embossing, the fourth height (h4) of which is less than the second height (h2) (h2>h4).

[0057] Some embodiments of cotton paper products consist of exactly three layers. These will be referred to below as the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer located between the first and second layers.

[0058] Cotton paper products consist of three layers. In fact, cotton paper products have a total of three layers. In other words, cotton paper products are composed of three layers. However, this does not mean that cotton paper products cannot contain other components (besides the layers), such as adhesives, additives, etc. It simply means that the number of layers is three. At least one of the three layers is an embossed layer. One, two, or all three layers can be embossed layers.

[0059] The third layer can be made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper.

[0060] The first layer may include a first embossing having a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm. An adhesive, such as a laminating adhesive, may be applied to the tip of the first embossing of the first layer.

[0061] The second layer may include a second embossing having a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0062] The first layer may include a third embossed pattern, the third height (h3) of which is less than the first height h1 (hl > h3).

[0063] The second layer may include a fourth embossing, the fourth height (h4) of which is less than the second height h2 (h2 > h4).

[0064] In some embodiments, the third layer is not embossed before the layers are bonded. Sometimes, the third layer (intermediate layer) may be referred to as an unembossed layer. "Unembossed" means that the third layer was not pre-embossed before the final layer bonding. That is, the third layer may no longer be flat after layer bonding, but it was not embossed using embossing rollers beforehand.

[0065] An adhesive (e.g., a laminating compound) may be applied to the third layer at the tip of the first embossing of the first layer and / or at the tip of the second embossing of the second layer, and / or an adhesive (e.g., a laminating compound) may be applied to the tip of the first embossing of the first layer and / or at the tip of the second embossing of the second layer.

[0066] According to some embodiments, the first layer and the third layer have been embossed together to form a first embossing on the first layer and the third layer.

[0067] According to some embodiments, the third embossing is formed only on the first layer and not on the third layer. According to other embodiments, the first and third layers are embossed together to form the third embossing on both the first and third layers.

[0068] Some embodiments of the cotton paper product comprise exactly four layers. These layers will be referred to below as the first and second layers, as well as the third and fourth layers. The third and fourth layers are located between the first and second layers. The third layer may be made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper, and / or the fourth layer may be made of conventional wet-pressed (PWP) paper.

[0069] Cotton paper products consist of four layers. In fact, cotton paper products have a total of four layers. In other words, cotton paper products are composed of four layers. However, this does not mean that cotton paper products cannot contain other components (besides the layers), such as adhesives, additives, etc. It only means that the number of layers is four. At least one of the four layers is an embossed layer. One of the four layers can be an embossed layer, or two, three, or all four layers can be embossed layers.

[0070] The first layer may include a first embossing having a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0071] The second layer may include a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0072] The first layer may include a third embossed pattern, the third height (h3) of which is less than the first height h1 (hl > h3).

[0073] The second layer may include a fourth embossing, the fourth height (h4) of which is less than the second height h2 (h2 > h4).

[0074] An adhesive (e.g., a laminating compound) may be applied to the third and / or fourth layers at the tip of the first embossing of the first layer and / or the tip of the second embossing of the second layer, and / or an adhesive (e.g., a laminating compound) may be applied to the tip of the first embossing of the first layer and / or the tip of the second embossing of the second layer.

[0075] The first and third layers can be embossed together to form the first embossing on the first and third layers.

[0076] According to some embodiments, the fourth layer is not embossed before the layers are bonded, or it has been embossed separately from the first and third layers.

[0077] According to some embodiments, the third embossing is formed only on the first layer and not on the third layer. According to other embodiments, the first and third layers have been embossed together to form the third embossing on both the first and third layers.

[0078] According to some embodiments, the first, third, and fourth layers have been embossed together to form a first embossing on the first, third, and fourth layers.

[0079] According to some embodiments, the first, third, and fourth layers have been embossed together to form a third embossing on the first, third, and fourth layers.

[0080] According to some embodiments, the third embossing has been formed on the first and third layers, but not on the fourth layer.

[0081] According to some embodiments, the third embossing has been formed on the first layer, but not on the third and fourth layers.

[0082] According to some embodiments, the third and fourth layers have been embossed separately from the first and second layers. According to other embodiments, one of the third and fourth layers has been embossed separately from the first and second layers, while the other of the third and fourth layers has not been embossed. According to still other embodiments, the third and fourth layers are unembossed. "Unembossed" refers to layers that have not been pre-embossed before the final layers are bonded.

[0083] The first embossing can be applied to an area comprising 1%-20% of the total surface area of ​​the first layer, and / or the density of the third embossing can be 25-120 embossings / cm². 2 Optional embossing density: 40-100 cm 2 Or 50-80 embossing / cm 2 Within the range.

[0084] The basis weight of each layer of any of the above embodiments of the cotton paper product can be 13-30 g / m². 2 Optional 16-28g / m 2 Or 18-24g / m 2 Within the range.

[0085] According to some embodiments, the first layer may include one or two types of embossing, namely decorative embossing with an embossing height in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm, optionally in the range of 0.8mm-1.4mm, and / or micro-embossing with an embossing height in the range of 0.1mm-1.2mm. The decorative embossing may have a density of 15 dots / cm². 2 Or smaller, optionally 10 points / cm 2 Or smaller.

[0086] According to some embodiments, the second layer may include one or two types of embossing, namely decorative embossing with an embossing height in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm, optionally in the range of 0.8mm-1.4mm, and / or micro-embossing with an embossing height in the range of 0.1mm-1.2mm. The decorative embossing may have a density of 15 dots / cm². 2 Or smaller, optionally 10 points / cm 2 Or smaller.

[0087] Micro-embossing and / or decorative embossing can take the form of lines, dots, or other shapes. If the decorative embossing is dotted, the density of the decorative embossing may be less than 10 embossings / cm². 2 .

[0088] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a cotton paper product, such as toilet paper or household towel, wherein the cotton paper product comprises two to four layers, including at least a first layer and a second layer, the two, three, or four layers being optionally laminated using an adhesive such as a laminating adhesive or a mechanical bond such as edge embossing to form the cotton paper product, the first and second layers being the outermost layers of the cotton paper product.

[0089] The weight of each layer ranges from 13 to 30 g / m³. 2 The optional value is 16-28g / m 2 Or 18-24g / m 2 The first layer is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. The second layer is a structured paper layer, such as a layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT, and the first layer has been embossed with heated embossing rollers.

[0090] Embossing the first layer with a heated embossing roller may be advantageous because the embossing can have better shape memory, meaning it is more resilient to shape deformation when the cotton paper product is wet. In other words, the embossing is less affected when the layer is wet. This means the cotton paper product can have better absorbency than a similar cotton paper product that does not include at least one layer embossed with a heated embossing roller. Furthermore, a greater thickness can be achieved while maintaining the same tensile strength compared to a product without a layer embossed with a heated embossing roller having a certain thickness and strength (tensile strength). In other words, the cotton paper product according to the invention has high thickness, good absorbency, and high tensile strength. In particular, a greater thickness of the cotton paper product can be achieved during the manufacturing process using the same embossing load (except for embossing without a heated embossing roller used in manufacturing comparative products under the same conditions).

[0091] The cotton paper products according to the invention can have a similar high thickness to the comparative products, wherein the CWP layer is replaced by another un-heat-embossed structured paper layer (but manufactured in a similar manner), because the CWP has been heat-embossed, and their manufacturing cost may be lower. In other words, the heat-embossed CWP layer can add less cost to the production of cotton paper products compared to another structured layer.

[0092] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to rolls of cotton paper products made from a spirally wound continuous web of cotton paper products of any of the above embodiments.

[0093] The cotton paper product has a first end and a second end. The web of the cotton paper product is wound to define an axially extending inner hole that is centrally positioned relative to a roll, such that the first end is located on the outside of the roll and the second end is located at the inner hole.

[0094] According to this disclosure, the moisture content of the master roll used to supply the layers for manufacturing cotton paper products can be in the range of 3%-15%, optionally 3%-10%, or optionally 4%-7%.

[0095] According to some embodiments, the roll of cotton paper product is provided with perforations for tearing off individual sheets.

[0096] The diameter of the roll can range from 85 to 200 mm (including the edges). This type of roll is particularly suitable for household towels.

[0097] This disclosure also relates to stacks of folded or unfolded sheets of cotton paper products according to any one or more of the above embodiments. In some embodiments, the folded sheets may be separate, individually folded sheets, or separate, interleaved folded sheets. Alternatively, continuous sheets (with or without perforations for separating the sheets) may be folded to form a stack. Optionally, the folded sheets may be multiple interleaved folds.

[0098] This disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing a tissue paper product comprising at least two layers (e.g., toilet paper or household towels). This method can be used to manufacture tissue paper products according to any one or more embodiments of the tissue paper products described above. Each feature of the tissue paper product embodiments translates into a feature of the method embodiments, and vice versa. These statements also apply to embodiments of the method for manufacturing tissue paper products comprising two, three, or four layers according to this disclosure.

[0099] The method includes the following steps:

[0100] - Feed two to four layers, including at least a first layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper and a second layer made of structured paper, such as TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT, with each layer having a basis weight of 13-30 g / m². 2 Optional 16-28g / m 2 Or 18-24g / m 2 Within the range;

[0101] - Embossing a first layer on a first embossing roller having a first embossing protrusion of a first height (h1) to form a first embossing on the first layer.

[0102] - Emboss a second layer on a second embossing roller having a second embossing protrusion with a second height (h2) to form a second embossing on the second layer.

[0103] - Optionally, adhesives (such as laminating adhesives) or mechanical bonding (such as edge embossing) can be used to bond two, three, or four layers together to form a tissue paper product.

[0104] The first layer of embossing is performed using a heated first embossing roller.

[0105] "Edge embossing" refers to a technique that mechanically bonds the layers together at the edges. This can be done using a wheel with side embossing lines and a flat, reverse roller, with the layers bonded by applying mechanical pressure.

[0106] Each embossing roller used to manufacture cotton paper products can be a roller made of a hard material such as metal, especially steel. Alternatives include embossing rollers made of hard rubber or hard plastic materials. Embossing rollers can be raised rollers with individual protrusions. The typical height / depth of the embossed pattern is between 0.2 and 2.0 mm. For heated embossing, a heatable embossing roller is used.

[0107] The machinery used to perform this method may include an adhesive application system consisting of a coating roller, an adhesive transfer roller, and an adhesive bath. This system may be designed as a so-called immersion roller system, wherein the adhesive transfer roller is partially immersed in the adhesive bath and delivers the adhesive out of the bath by surface tension and adhesive force. The amount of adhesive to be applied can be adjusted by regulating the gap between the adhesive transfer roller and the applicator or coating roller, or by adjusting the relative speed of the transfer roller relative to the coating roller. The coating roller may be a structured roller. Alternatively, water (instead of adhesive) may be used for layer bonding.

[0108] At least one heatable roller can be heated from the inside or outside by a heating device.

[0109] Heating devices may include heat transfer fluids and / or rely on induction and / or infrared heating.

[0110] The heatable roller can be heated to surface temperatures ranging from 80°C to 170°C, optionally from 100°C to 165°C, 110°C to 165°C, 120°C to 160°C, or 130°C to 155°C. These temperature ranges, with their narrower ranges, greatly facilitate the manufacture of cotton paper products with good shape memory and / or large thickness, high tensile strength in the machine orientation (MD) and / or transverse orientation (CD), and good absorbency.

[0111] The temperature of the heatable embossing roller mentioned in this article specifically refers to the surface temperature of the embossing roller. These temperatures can be measured, for example, using an infrared thermometer. Furthermore, the temperature value refers to the temperature under stable conditions of the manufacturing equipment, i.e., when not in operation and when the layer is in contact with the embossing roller. In particular, the surface temperature of the heatable embossing roller may decrease during manufacturing due to various factors such as heat conduction to the layer in contact with the roller. For example, a surface temperature of 170°C can be measured under stable conditions (when the embossing roller is not in contact with the layer), and this temperature may decrease to a range of 100°C-130°C during manufacturing processes.

[0112] Compared to a reference product manufactured in the same manner but without the use of heated embossing rollers, the indicated temperature range, with its increasingly narrower range, greatly facilitates the production of cotton paper products with increased tensile strength (in the transverse and / or main directions). The strength increase can range from approximately 5-25% or even 20-25%. As a complement or alternative, an increase in absorbency of approximately 15% and / or approximately 5-10% in transverse (CD) tensile strength can be achieved, while (in each case) the softness of the product may not decrease or may only decrease insignificantly relative to the corresponding reference product.

[0113] The method may include the step of using an unheated second embossing roller to emboss the second layer.

[0114] The first layer may be wetted with a liquid (e.g., water) with or without one or more additives. Before the first layer is embossed, before embossing the first layer with a heated embossing roller, the first layer may be wetted with a liquid amount of 2%-12% by weight of the first layer, or optionally 4%-10% by weight of the first layer.

[0115] To wet the first layer, the manufacturing apparatus may include a wetting unit configured to provide a liquid, such as water, to the first layer, or, for example, water containing one or more additives such as softeners and / or vitamins and / or fragrances. According to some embodiments, the wetting unit is configured to spray the liquid onto the respective layer. Wetting within these ranges, with increasingly narrower ranges, further promotes high tensile strength, good softness, and absorbency in the manufactured cotton paper products.

[0116] According to some embodiments, the device does not include a wetting unit for supplying liquid to any layer. In other words, the device can be configured to process the first layer without wetting it with liquid. Such embodiments can promote high tensile strength, good softness, and absorbency in manufactured products.

[0117] According to some embodiments, the first layer is not wetted by liquid before the first layer of embossing is applied. In these cases, the first layer may be referred to as a dry heat embossing layer.

[0118] Some embodiments of this method manufacture exactly two layers with a basis weight of 24-50 g / m³. 2 The scope of cotton paper products. These embodiments may include the following steps:

[0119] - The first layer is embossed using a heated first embossing roller with first embossing protrusions to form a first embossing with a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; and

[0120] - Use a second embossing roller with a second embossing protrusion to emboss the second layer to form a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0121] According to some embodiments, the first embossing roller further includes a third embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the first layer forms the first and third embossings on the first layer. According to other embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing the first layer with a third embossing roller having the third embossing protrusion to form the third embossing. In other words, the second type of embossing can be formed on the first layer using the same embossing roller used for the first embossing, or they can be formed using another embossing roller.

[0122] Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossing with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0123] The third embossing can have a third height (h3) that is less than the first height h1 (hl>h3).

[0124] According to some embodiments, the second embossing roller further includes a fourth embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the second layer forms the second and fourth embossings on the third layer. According to other embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing the second layer with a fourth embossing roller having the fourth embossing protrusion to form the fourth embossing. In other words, the second type of embossing can be formed on the second layer using the same embossing roller used for the second embossing, or they can be formed using another embossing roller.

[0125] Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossing with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0126] The height h4 of the fourth embossing can be less than the height h2 of the second embossing (h2 > h4).

[0127] Some embodiments of this method manufacture exactly three layers with a basis weight of 34-65 g / m³. 2 The three layers are cotton paper products within the specified range. The three layers will be referred to below as the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer located between the first and second layers.

[0128] An embodiment of this method includes the following steps:

[0129] - The first layer is embossed using a heated first embossing roller with first embossing protrusions to form a first embossing with a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; and

[0130] - Use a second embossing roller with a second embossing protrusion to emboss the second layer to form a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0131] According to some embodiments, the first embossing roller further includes a third embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the first layer forms the first and third embossings on the first layer. According to other embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing the first layer with a third embossing roller having the third embossing protrusion to form the third embossing. In other words, the second type of embossing can be formed on the first layer using the same embossing roller used for the first embossing, or they can be formed using another embossing roller.

[0132] Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossing with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0133] The third embossing can have a third height (h3) that is less than the first height h1 (hl>h3).

[0134] According to some embodiments, the second embossing roller further includes a fourth embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the second layer forms both the second and fourth embossings on the third layer. According to other embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing the second layer with a fourth embossing roller having the fourth embossing protrusion to form the fourth embossing. In other words, the second type of embossing can be formed on the second layer using the same embossing roller as used for the second embossing, or they can be formed using another embossing roller.

[0135] Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossing with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0136] The height h4 of the fourth embossing can be less than the height h2 of the second embossing (h2 > h4).

[0137] Some embodiments of this method do not include the step of embossing the third layer. In other words, according to these embodiments, the third layer is not pre-embossed before the final layer bonding step of all three layers.

[0138] According to some embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing a first layer and a third layer together to form a first embossing on the first layer and the third layer.

[0139] The first and third layers can be embossed together to form a third embossing on the first and third layers as well.

[0140] Some embodiments of this method manufacture exactly four layers with a basis weight of 55-95 g / m³. 2 The range of cotton paper products. The four layers will be referred to below as the first layer, the second layer, and the third and fourth layers, with the third and fourth layers located between the first and second layers.

[0141] The third layer can be made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper.

[0142] The fourth layer can be made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper.

[0143] According to some embodiments, the method includes the following steps:

[0144] - The first layer is embossed with a heated first embossing roller with first embossing protrusions to form a first embossing with a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm;

[0145] - Use a second embossing roller with a second embossing protrusion to emboss the second layer to form a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm.

[0146] The first embossing roller may also include a third embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the first layer forms the first and third embossings on the first layer, the third embossing having a third height (h3) that is less than the first height (h1) (h1>h3).

[0147] Some embodiments of this method include the step of embossing a first layer with a third embossing roller having a third embossing protrusion to form a third embossing on the first layer, the third embossing having a third height (h3) less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3). Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossings with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0148] According to some embodiments, the second embossing roller further includes a fourth embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the second layer forms both the second and fourth embossings on the second layer. According to other embodiments, the method includes the step of embossing the second layer with a fourth embossing roller having the fourth embossing protrusion to form the fourth embossing. In other words, the second type of embossing can be formed on the second layer using the same embossing roller used for the second embossing, or it can be formed using another embossing roller. Similar statements apply to other types of embossing (different types refer to embossings with different shapes and / or different embossing heights, etc.).

[0149] Embodiments of the method may include the step of embossing a first layer and a third layer together to form a first embossing on the first layer and the third layer.

[0150] This method may exclude the step of embossing the fourth layer. In other words, the fourth layer may not be pre-embossed before the final layer bonding. According to other embodiments, the fourth layer is embossed separately from the first and third layers.

[0151] According to some embodiments, the third embossing is formed only on the first layer and not on the third layer. According to other embodiments, the first and third layers are embossed together to form the third embossing on both the first and third layers.

[0152] The first, third, and fourth layers can be embossed together to form the first embossing on the first, third, and fourth layers.

[0153] The first, third, and fourth layers can be embossed together to form a third embossing on the first, third, and fourth layers. Alternatively, the third embossing can be formed on the first and third layers, but not on the fourth layer. Or, the third embossing can be formed on the first layer, but not on the third and fourth layers.

[0154] According to some embodiments, the third and fourth layers are embossed together separately from the first layer.

[0155] This method may exclude the step of the (pre)embossing third layer. This method may also exclude the step of the (pre)embossing fourth layer.

[0156] According to some embodiments, the first embossing is formed on a region of the first layer constituting 1%-20% of the total surface area of ​​the first layer, and / or the third embossing is formed at 25-120 embossings / cm. 2 Optional embossing density: 40-100 cm 2 Or 50-80 embossing / cm 2 The density is formed.

[0157] The embossing load during the first layer of embossing can be in the range of 1-50 kg / cml, or optionally 5-40 kg / cml.

[0158] This disclosure also relates to cotton paper products manufactured according to any of the above embodiments of the methods according to this disclosure. Such cotton paper products can have good shape memory in terms of embossing elasticity after being wetted. The statements regarding the shape memory of the various embodiments of the cotton paper products also apply to cotton paper products manufactured according to the methods of this disclosure.

[0159] This disclosure also relates to rolls of cotton paper products, such as toilet paper or household towels, made from a spirally wound continuous web of cotton paper product having a first end and a second end, the web of cotton paper product being wound to define an axially extending inner hole centrally positioned relative to the roll, such that the first end is located on the outside of the roll and the second end is located at the inner hole, the cotton paper product being a cotton paper product manufactured according to an embodiment of the method according to this disclosure.

[0160] This disclosure also relates to the stacking of folded or unfolded sheets of cotton paper products manufactured according to embodiments of the methods of this disclosure.

[0161] The additional advantages and features of this disclosure may be implemented individually or in combination with one or more features discussed above, provided that these features do not contradict each other, and these advantages and features will become clear from the following description of specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0162] To better understand this disclosure and to demonstrate how to implement it, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings by way of example only, in which:

[0163] The description is based on the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0164] Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are cross-sectional views of the first and second embodiments of the cotton paper products according to the present disclosure, each cotton paper product comprising two layers;

[0165] Figures 3 to 6 These are cross-sectional views of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments of the cotton paper products disclosed herein, each cotton paper product comprising three layers;

[0166] Figure 7 A manufacturing apparatus is described, which is used to perform a first embodiment of a method for manufacturing cotton paper products according to the present disclosure; and

[0167] Figure 8 A manufacturing apparatus is described, which is used to perform a second embodiment of the method for manufacturing cotton paper products according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0168] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of cotton paper products include two layers: a top layer 1, 1' and a bottom layer 2, 2'.

[0169] In both cases, the top layer 1 and 1' are double-height embossed, meaning they consist of two different heights of embossing. Figure 1In this embodiment, the bottom layer 2 is embossed with one type of embossing. The bottom layer 2' is not embossed (not pre-embossed), or it is embossed with one type of embossing.

[0170] Figure 1 In the embodiment, the top layer 1 and the bottom layer 2' have been combined by layers. Figure 1 Region 4 in the diagram shows an example of their layer bonding. Figure 1 In some embodiments, they use adhesives (lamination adhesives) for lamination. However, according to other embodiments, for example, mechanical bonding such as edge embossing can be used to achieve lamination.

[0171] Figure 1 The top layer 1* is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. The top layer 1* has been embossed with a non-heated embossing roller.

[0172] Figure 1 The bottom layer 2' is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper (and is therefore an example of a "first layer" in the sense of this application). The bottom layer 2' has been embossed using heated embossing rollers, specifically heated first embossing rollers heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C. It is indicated by bold lines to show that it has been heat-embossed.

[0173] Figure 2 Implementation examples and Figure 1 The difference in the embodiments is that, Figure 2 The top layer 1' is a layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper, while Figure 2 The bottom layer 2* is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. The bottom layer 2* is either unembossed (not pre-embossed) or has been embossed with a non-heated embossing roller. The top layer 1' has been embossed using a heated embossing roller, specifically a first embossing roller heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C. It is indicated by a bold line to show that it has been heat-embossed.

[0174] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The weight of the cotton paper products ranges from 24-50 g / m². 2 Within the range.

[0175] Figures 3 to 6 The embodiment is an embodiment that includes exactly three layers.

[0176] Figure 3 The top layer 1* of the embodiment is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. It is embossed using a non-heated embossing roller. Figure 3The middle layer 3 is a layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper, which is not pre-embossed (before the final layers are bonded). Figure 3 The bottom layer 2' of the illustrated embodiment is a layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. It is embossed using a heated embossing roller heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C. It is indicated by bold lines to show that it has been heat-embossed.

[0177] Figure 4 The top layer 1' of the illustrated embodiment is a layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. It is embossed using heated embossing rollers heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C. It is indicated by bold lines to show that it has been heat-embossed. Figure 4 The middle layer 3 is a layer made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper, and it is not pre-embossed (before the final layers are bonded). Figure 4 The bottom layer 2* of the embodiment is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. It is either not embossed (not pre-embossed) or embossed using a non-heated embossing roller.

[0178] exist Figure 5 In one embodiment, the top layer 10' and the adjacent layer 11' are both made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper and are heat-pressed together at double height using embossing rollers heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C. Figure 5 The bottom layer 2* is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. It is either not embossed (not pre-embossed) or embossed using a non-heated embossing roller.

[0179] Figure 6 Implementation examples and Figure 5 The difference in the embodiments is that the top layer 1* is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos or NTT, which is embossed using an unheated embossing roller, and the bottom layer 20' and the adjacent layer 21' are made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper and are double-height hot-pressed together using an embossing roller heated to a temperature range of 80°C-170°C.

[0180] Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The weight range of the cotton paper products is 34-65 g / m³. 2 .

[0181] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing apparatus (partial) for manufacturing a cotton paper product according to the present disclosure using a first embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure, and an embodiment thereof. Hereinafter, it will be described how to use... Figure 7The device shown is used to implement the first embodiment of the method.

[0182] A first layer 15 is provided, which is a structured paper layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT. It is unwound from a first unwind roll 210. A second layer 25 is provided, which is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. It is unwound from a second unwind roll 220.

[0183] The CWP paper layer 25 is wetted with water in the wetting unit 150, and then hot embossed between the embossing roller 50 and the reverse roller 60. The heatable embossing roller 60 is heated to a steady-state temperature in the range of 80°C to 170°C.

[0184] The TAD paper layer 15 is embossed between a non-heatable embossing roller 40 and a reverse roller 35. It is also supplied with adhesive using a transfer roller 80.

[0185] The structured (TAD) layer 15 and the thermoformed layer 25 are then laminated between the embossing roller 40 and the bonding roller 70. The double-layered cotton paper product 110 is then wound onto the winding roller 300.

[0186] Figure 7 The device shown is Figure 8 The only difference between the devices shown is that, Figure 8 The equipment does not include a wetting unit. In other words, when using... Figure 8 In the case of the equipment, the CWP layer 25 is not pre-wetted before the hot embossing step is performed between the heated roller 50 and the reverse roller 60.

[0187] Figures 1 to 6 cotton paper products and their use Figure 7 or Figure 8 Each product manufactured by the equipment has high absorbency, great thickness (compared to conventional products of similar strength), and high (tensile) strength (compared to conventional products of similar thickness). Specifically, the cotton paper products have good wet shape memory, meaning that when the product is wetted, the embossing disappears less than that of comparable conventional products.

[0188] Experimental results

[0189] In the following, experimental examples based on embodiments (examples) of this disclosure will be compared with conventional cotton paper products.

[0190] Several reference products were manufactured to evaluate the performance of the cotton paper products (manufactured according to the method of this disclosure).

[0191] The reference product was manufactured without the use of any hot embossing, i.e. without the use of heated embossing rollers to emboss the layers.

[0192] Reference product A (two TAD layers)

[0193] The first reference product (“Reference A”) consists of two structured TAD layers. Both structured paper layers made of TAD have a density of approximately 20 g / m². 2 The weight is specified. The top layer is embossed with a single-height design, while the bottom layer is not embossed. Laminating adhesive is applied to the top layer, and then the two layers are bonded together to create a double-layer product.

[0194] Adjust the embossing pressure used when applying the top layer of embossing to make the embossed design visible on the top layer.

[0195] Reference product B1 (two-layer CWP)

[0196] The second reference product (“Reference B1”) is manufactured using two CWP layers. Both CWP layers have a density of approximately 20 g / m³. 2 The weight is specified. The top layer is embossed using a double-height embossing design that includes some micro-embossing dots. Glue is applied to the top layer at the tip of the higher embossing dot. The bottom layer is embossed with approximately 80 dots / cm. 2 The micro-embossing design is used. Finally, the two layers are joined together using a bonding roller.

[0197] The CWP paper used for the reference product was selected such that its softness level was similar to that of the TAD layer used for reference product A.

[0198] Adjust the embossing pressure between the rubber roller and the embossing roller to obtain a product thickness of approximately 0.41 mm.

[0199] Reference product B2 (two-layer CWP)

[0200] The manufacturing process of reference product B2 is almost identical to that of reference product B1. The difference lies in the adjustment of the embossing pressure to achieve the same product thickness as reference product A, which is 0.45 mm.

[0201] Reference product Cl (CWP layer + TAD layer)

[0202] When manufacturing the reference product Cl, the top layer has a weight of approximately 20 g / m³. 2 The CWP layer has a bottom layer with a weight of approximately 20g / m³. 2 The left and right TAD layers. The top layer is embossed (using an unheated embossing roller), while the bottom layer is not embossed. The embossing pressure of the top layer is adjusted so that the product thickness is approximately the same as that of reference product A.

[0203] Reference product C2 (CWP layer + TAD layer)

[0204] When manufacturing the reference product Cl, the top layer has a weight of approximately 20 g / m³. 2 The TAD layer, the bottom layer has a weight of approximately 20g / m³.2 The CWP layer. Both the top and bottom layers are embossed (using unheated embossing rollers). The bottom layer is embossed with approximately 80 dots / cm. 2 Micro-embossed design.

[0205] The embossing pressure of the top layer is adjusted to make the embossed design visible on the top layer. The embossing pressure of the bottom layer is adjusted to make reference product C2 have approximately the same thickness as reference product A.

[0206] The table below summarizes the measurement results of basis weight (gram weight), thickness, tensile strength in the principal direction (MDT), tensile strength in the transverse direction (CDT), geometric mean tensile strength (i.e., the square root of the product of MDT and CDT), absorption capacity, and softness for various reference products.

[0207]

[0208] A comparison of the reference products shows that, compared to reference product A, reference product B1 has only a slightly lower thickness (approximately 9% lower) (due to the larger thickness resulting from the structured layers), but its tensile strength (particularly CDT and GM tensile strength) is significantly lower than that of reference product A. Furthermore, reference product B1 is less flexible than reference product A. However, reference product A has a higher manufacturing cost than reference product B1.

[0209] Reference product B2 serves as an example, demonstrating that the thickness of reference product A can be achieved using two CWP layers by embossing each layer with a design that includes micro-embossing dots. However, the tensile strength is significantly lower than that of reference product A (CDT -47%, GMT -29%). Reference product B2 also exhibits significantly lower absorbency and softness compared to reference product A.

[0210] Reference product C1 has roughly the same thickness and softness as reference product A, but its CD tensile strength, GM tensile strength, and absorbency are significantly lower than those of reference product A. Compared to reference product B2, reference product C1 has greater CD tensile strength and GM tensile strength, as well as higher absorbency and softness.

[0211] The top surface of reference product C2 is the same as that of reference product A (with the TAD layer as the top layer), but its total tensile strength is lower than that of reference product C1.

[0212] For comparison with reference products, the following products were manufactured according to this disclosure: Exemplary products D1, D2, and D3 were manufactured, including a step of wetting the substrate prior to embossing. Exemplary products D4, D5, and D6 were manufactured without any pre-wetting.

[0213] Example product DL (TAD layer + wet heat embossing CWP layer)

[0214] The exemplary product was manufactured using a weight of approximately 20 g / m³. 2 The TAD layer serves as the top layer, with a weight of approximately 20 g / m³. 2 The CWP layer serves as the bottom layer. The top layer is embossed using a non-heated embossing roller.

[0215] The embossing pressure used on the top layer is adjusted to make the embossed design visible on the top layer.

[0216] Using a rotary spraying system, pre-wet the bottom CWP layer by spraying some water. The amount of water added to the base layer is approximately 1.2 g / m². 2 Then, the bottom layer is hot-embossed using a heatable embossing roller to create an embossing pattern with approximately 80 dots / cm. 2 The micro-embossing design involves heating the embossing roller to a steady-state temperature of approximately 150°C.

[0217] During the manufacturing process, the CWP layer is heated to a temperature typically close to about 90°C.

[0218] Adjust the embossing pressure of the bottom layer to obtain a product thickness similar to that of reference product A.

[0219] Example product D2 (TAD layer + wet heat embossing CWP layer)

[0220] The embossing pressure on the top layer was adjusted to make the embossed design visible on the top layer.

[0221] The embossing pressure of the bottom layer was adjusted so that the resulting product had approximately the same geometric mean tensile strength as the reference product Cl.

[0222] Example product D3 (TAD layer + wet heat embossing CWP layer)

[0223] The embossing pressure on the top layer was adjusted to make the embossed design visible on the top layer.

[0224] The embossing pressure at the bottom layer is adjusted to the maximum value supported by the embossing unit.

[0225] The table below summarizes the measurements of basis weight (gram weight), thickness, tensile strength in the principal direction (MDT), tensile strength in the transverse direction (CDT), geometric mean tensile strength (i.e., the square root of the product of MDT and CDT), absorption capacity, and softness for various reference products. The table also shows the embossing loads for each CWP layer step in the hot embossing process.

[0226]

[0227] Exemplary product D1 has approximately the same thickness as reference product C2, but has higher tensile strength (MDT +20%, CDT +10%, GMT +15%). Absorption capacity and softness are similar.

[0228] Compared to the reference product Cl, the exemplary product has a higher MD tensile strength (+10%), while the GM tensile strength, absorption capacity and softness levels are similar.

[0229] Compared to reference product C2, exemplary product D2 has greater thickness, tensile strength, and absorbency. Compared to reference product C1, tensile strength and softness appear similar, but both thickness and absorbency are greater. Compared to reference product A, exemplary product D2 has a higher thickness (+13%), approximately the same absorbency and softness, and only its tensile strength is lower than control product A (which has two TAD layers).

[0230] Exemplary product D3 achieves a greater thickness (+20%) than reference product A, while maintaining comparable absorbency and softness.

[0231] Therefore, it was found that combining pre-wetting with embossing using heated embossing rollers, and using a layer made of TAD and a layer made of CWP, allows for the manufacture of products with similar properties to the control product made of two TAD layers, without relying on hot embossing. However, the exemplary product has a lower production cost.

[0232] Other exemplary products are manufactured similarly to exemplary products D1, D2, and D3, but the step of pre-wetting the CWP layer before the hot embossing step is omitted. In other words, the CWP layer is dry-hot embossed.

[0233] Example product D4 (TAD layer + dry heat embossed CWP layer)

[0234] Exemplary product D4 is manufactured in exactly the same manner as exemplary product D1, except that the step of wetting the CWP layer before the hot embossing step is omitted.

[0235] Example product D5 (TAD layer + dry heat embossed CWP layer)

[0236] Exemplary product D5 is manufactured in exactly the same manner as exemplary product D2, except that the step of wetting the CWP layer before the hot embossing step is omitted.

[0237] Example product D6 (TAD layer + dry heat embossed CWP layer)

[0238] Exemplary product D6 is manufactured in exactly the same manner as exemplary product D3, except that the step of wetting the CWP layer before the hot embossing step is omitted.

[0239] The table below shows the measurement results for exemplary products D4, D5, and D6.

[0240]

[0241] Exemplary products D4, D5, and D6 have similar physical characteristics to exemplary products D1, D2, and D3.

[0242] Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed apparatus and systems without departing from the scope of the invention. Other aspects of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and practice of the features disclosed herein. This specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only. Many additional variations and modifications are possible and are to be understood to fall within the framework of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A tissue paper product, wherein the tissue paper product comprises three to four plies, including at least a first ply and a second ply and an intermediate ply between the first ply and the second ply, the three or four plies being ply-bonded using an adhesive or mechanical bonding to form the tissue paper product, the first ply and the second ply being the outermost plies of the tissue paper product, If the total number of plies of the tissue paper product is 3, the grammage of the tissue paper product is in the range of 34-65 g / m 2 and if the total number of plies of the tissue paper product is 4, the grammage of the tissue paper product is in the range of 55-95 g / m 2 and wherein the first ply is made of conventional wet-press (CWP) paper, the second ply is a structured paper ply, and the first ply has been embossed with a heated embossing roll before the three or four plies are ply-bonded, and wherein the second ply has been embossed with an unheated embossing roll, wherein the intermediate ply is made of conventional wet-press (CWP) paper and the intermediate ply is not embossed before ply-bonding, and the first ply has been wetted with a liquid before the step of embossing the first ply, and the first ply comprises two types of embossing formed by double-height embossing.

2. The tissue paper product according to claim 1, wherein the tissue paper product is toilet paper or household towel.

3. The tissue paper product according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is lamination glue and the mechanical bonding is edge embossing.

4. The tissue paper product of claim 1, wherein, the structured paper ply is a ply made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos or NTT.

5. The tissue paper product according to claim 1, wherein the first ply comprises micro-embossing having a micro-embossing height in the range of 0.1 mm - 1.2 mm.

6. The tissue paper product according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first ply comprises macro-embossing having a macro-embossing height in the range of 0.2 mm - 2.0 mm.

7. The tissue paper product according to claim 6, wherein the first ply comprises macro-embossing having a macro-embossing height in the range of 0.8 mm - 1.4 mm.

8. The tissue paper product according to claim 6, wherein the macro-embossing covers 1% - 20% of the total surface of the first ply.

9. The tissue paper product according to claim 8, wherein the macro-embossing covers 2% - 10% of the total surface of the first ply.

10. The tissue paper product according to claim 8, wherein the macro-embossing covers 3% - 6% of the total surface of the first ply.

11. The tissue paper product of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, the first ply has been embossed with a heated first embossing roll, the heated first embossing roll being heated to a temperature in the range of 80°C - 170°C.

12. The tissue paper product according to claim 11, wherein the heated first embossing roll is heated to a temperature in the range of 100°C - 165°C.

13. The tissue paper product according to claim 11, wherein the heated first embossing roll is heated to a temperature in the range of 110°C - 165°C.

14. The tissue paper product according to claim 11, wherein the heated first embossing roll is heated to a temperature in the range of 120°C - 160°C.

15. The tissue paper product according to claim 11, wherein the heated first embossing roll is heated to a temperature in the range of 130°C - 155°C.

16. The tissue paper product of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, the liquid is added with or without one or more additives, the amount of liquid being in the range of 2% - 12% of the basis weight of the first ply.

17. The tissue paper product of claim 16, wherein, The amount of liquid is in the range of 4%-10% of the basis weight of the first layer.

18. The tissue paper product of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The cotton paper product consists of exactly three layers: a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer located between the first and second layers. The first layer includes a first embossing having a first height (h1), the first height (h1) being in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm. The adhesive is applied to the third layer at the tip of the first embossed part of the first layer and / or at the tip of the second embossed part of the second layer, and / or wherein the adhesive is applied to the tip of the first embossed part of the first layer and / or at the tip of the second embossed part of the second layer. The second layer includes a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm. The first layer includes a third embossing, which has a third height (h3) that is less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3).

19. The cotton paper product according to claim 18, wherein the adhesive is a laminating adhesive.

20. The cotton paper product of claim 18, wherein the third layer is partially embossed only at the location where it bonds with the first and second layers.

21. The cotton paper product of claim 18, wherein the first layer and the third layer have been embossed together to form the first embossing on the first layer and the third layer. Furthermore, the first and third layers have been embossed together to form a third embossing on the first and third layers.

22. The tissue paper product of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The cotton paper product comprises exactly four layers: a first layer, a second layer, and a third and fourth layer located between the first and second layers. The first layer includes a first embossing having a first height (h1), the first height (h1) being in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm. The adhesive is applied to the third layer at the tip of the first embossed section, which is bonded to the first layer. The second layer includes a second embossing having a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2mm-2.0mm, and The first layer includes a third embossing, which has a third height (h3) that is less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3).

23. The tissue paper product of claim 22, wherein, The adhesive is a laminating adhesive.

24. The tissue paper product of claim 22, wherein, The first layer and the third layer have been embossed together to form a first embossing on the first layer and the third layer, wherein The fourth layer has been embossed separately from the first and third layers, and The third embossing is formed only on the first layer and not on the third layer, or the first and third layers have been embossed together to form the third embossing on the first and third layers.

25. The tissue paper product of claim 22, wherein, The first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer have been embossed together to form the first embossing on the first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer, and The first, third, and fourth layers have been embossed together to form a third embossing on the first, third, and fourth layers, or, The third embossing has formed on the first and third layers, but not on the fourth layer, or... The third embossing has formed on the first layer, but not on the third and fourth layers.

26. The cotton paper product according to claim 22, wherein the third layer and the fourth layer have been embossed together separately from the first layer.

27. The tissue paper product of claim 18, wherein, The first embossing is provided on an area constituting between 1% and 20% of the total surface of the first layer, and / or the density of the third embossing is in the range of 25-120 embossings / cm 2 .

28. The tissue paper product of claim 27, wherein, The density of the third embossing is in the range of 40-100 embossing / cm 2 .

29. The tissue paper product of claim 27, wherein, The density of the third embossing is in the range of 50-80 embossing / cm 2 .

30. The tissue paper product of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the basis weight of each ply is in the range of 13-30 g / m 2 2.

31. The tissue paper product of claim 30, wherein the grammage of each ply is in the range of 16-28 g / m 2 2.

32. The tissue paper product of claim 30, wherein the grammage of each ply is in the range of 18-24 g / m 2 2.

33. A cotton paper product, wherein The cotton paper product comprises three to four layers, including at least a first layer and a second layer, and an intermediate layer located between the first and second layers. The three or four layers are bonded together using adhesives or mechanical bonding to form the cotton paper product. The first and second layers are the outermost layers of the cotton paper product. The grammage of each layer is in the range of 13-30 g / m 2 and wherein The first layer is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper. The second layer is a structured paper layer, and The first layer has been embossed with a heated embossing roller before the three or four layers are bonded together, and The second layer has been embossed using an unheated embossing roller, and The intermediate layer is made of conventional wet-pressed (CWP) paper, and the intermediate layer is not embossed before lamination. Prior to the step of embossing the first layer, the first layer has been wetted with liquid, and the first layer comprises two types of embossing formed by dual-height embossing.

34. The cotton paper product according to claim 33, wherein the cotton paper product is toilet paper or household towel.

35. The cotton paper product according to claim 33, wherein the mechanical bonding is edge embossing.

36. The tissue paper product of claim 33, wherein the grammage of each ply is in the range of 16-28 g / m 2 2.

37. The tissue paper product of claim 33, wherein the basis weight of each ply is in the range of 18-24 g / m 2 2.

38. The cotton paper product according to claim 33, wherein the structured paper layer is a layer made of TAD, UCTAD, eTAD, Atmos, or NTT.

39. A roll of cotton paper product made from a spirally wound continuous web of cotton paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, the cotton paper product having a first end and a second end, the web of the cotton paper product being wound to define an axially extending inner hole centrally positioned relative to the roll, such that the first end is located on the outside of the roll and the second end is located at the inner hole.

40. The cotton paper product roll according to claim 39, wherein the diameter of the roll is in the range of 85-200 mm.

41. A stack of folded or unfolded sheets made from the cotton paper product according to any one of claims 1-38.

42. The stack according to claim 41, wherein the folded sheet is an interleaved folded sheet.

43. A method for manufacturing a cotton paper product, the cotton paper product comprising three to four layers, the method comprising the following steps: - feeding three to four plies, including a first ply made of at least conventional wet-press (CWP) paper and a second ply being a structured paper ply and an intermediate ply located between the first and second plies, the intermediate ply being made of conventional wet-press (CWP) paper, the grammage of each ply being in the range of 13-30 g / m 2 ; - Embossing a first layer on a first embossing roller having a first embossing protrusion of a first height (h1) to form a first embossing on the first layer. - Emboss a second layer on a second embossing roller having a second embossing protrusion with a second height (h2) to form a second embossing on the second layer. - Three or four layers are bonded together using adhesives or mechanical bonding to form the cotton paper product; The first layer embossing step is performed using a heated first embossing roller before the three or four layers are bonded together, and the first layer is wetted with liquid before the first layer embossing step, and the first layer includes two types of embossing formed by dual-height embossing. The second embossing step is performed using an unheated embossing roller, and the intermediate layer is not embossed before the layers are bonded.

44. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 43, wherein the cotton paper product is toilet paper or a household towel.

45. The method of manufacturing a tissue paper product of claim 43, wherein the grammage of each ply is in the range of 16-28 g / m 2 2.

46. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 43, wherein the grammage of each ply is in the range of 18-24 g / m 2 2.

47. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 43, wherein the adhesive is a laminating adhesive and the mechanical bonding is edge embossing.

48. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 43, wherein, The heated first embossing roller is heated to a temperature in the range of 80°C-170°C from the inside or outside by a heating device.

49. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 48, wherein the heated first embossing roller is heated from the inside or outside by a heating device to a temperature in the range of 100°C-165°C.

50. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 48, wherein the heated first embossing roller is heated from the inside or outside by a heating device to a temperature in the range of 110°C-165°C.

51. The method of manufacturing cotton paper products according to claim 48, wherein the heated first embossing roller is heated from the inside or outside by a heating device to a temperature in the range of 120°C-160°C.

52. The method of manufacturing cotton paper products according to claim 48, wherein the heated first embossing roller is heated from the inside or outside by a heating device to a temperature in the range of 130°C-155°C.

53. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 48, wherein the heating device comprises a heat transfer fluid and / or relies on induction and / or infrared heating.

54. The method of manufacturing a tissue paper product of any of claims 43-53, wherein, The liquid is added with or without one or more additives, and the amount of liquid is in the range of 2%-12% of the basis weight of the first layer.

55. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 54, wherein, The amount of liquid is in the range of 4%-10% of the basis weight of the first layer.

56. The method of manufacturing a tissue paper product according to any of claims 43-53, said tissue paper product comprising exactly three plies and having a basis weight in the range of 34-65 g / m 2 i.e. a first and a second ply and a third ply located between said first and second plies, the method comprising the steps of: The first layer is embossed using a heated first embossing roller with first embossing protrusions to form a first embossing with a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; The second layer is embossed with a second embossing roller having a second embossing protrusion to form a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; The first embossing roller further includes a third embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the first layer forms the first and third embossings on the first layer, wherein the third embossing has a third height (h3) that is less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3). Alternatively, the method includes the step of embossing a first layer with a third embossing roller having a third embossing protrusion to form a third embossing on the first layer, the third embossing having a third height (h3) less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3).

57. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 56, wherein the method comprises the step of embossing the first layer and the third layer together to form the first embossing on the first layer and the third layer, and wherein, The first layer and the third layer are embossed together to form a third embossing on the first and third layers.

58. The method of manufacturing a tissue paper product according to any of claims 43-53, said tissue paper product comprising exactly four plies and a basis weight in the range of 55-95 g / m 2 i.e. said first and second plies and a third and fourth ply located between said first and second plies, said method comprising the steps of: The first layer is embossed using a heated first embossing roller with first embossing protrusions to form a first embossing with a first height (h1) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; The second layer is embossed with a second embossing roller having a second embossing protrusion to form a second embossing with a second height (h2) in the range of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm; The first embossing roller further includes a third embossing protrusion, and the step of embossing the first layer forms the first and third embossings on the first layer, wherein the third embossing has a third height (h3) that is less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3). Alternatively, the method includes the step of embossing a first layer with a third embossing roller having a third embossing protrusion to form a third embossing on the first layer, the third embossing having a third height (h3) less than the first height (h1) (h1 > h3).

59. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 58, wherein the first layer and the third layer are embossed together to form the first embossing on the first layer and the third layer. The fourth layer is embossed separately from the first and third layers, and The third embossing is formed only on the first layer and not on the third layer, or the first layer and the third layer are embossed together to form the third embossing on the first layer and the third layer.

60. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 58, wherein the first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer are embossed together to form the first embossing on the first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer, and wherein The first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer are embossed together to form a third embossing on the first layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer, or The third embossing is formed on the first and third layers, but not on the fourth layer, or The third embossing is formed on the first layer, but not on the third and fourth layers.

61. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 58, wherein, The third and fourth layers are embossed together separately from the first layer.

62. The method for manufacturing cotton paper products according to claim 58, wherein said first embossing is formed on an area between 1% and 20% of the total surface of said first layer, and / or said third embossing is formed with a density between 25 and 120 embossing / cm 2 .

63. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 62, the third embossing being formed at a density of 40-100 embosses / cm 2 .

64. The method of making a tissue paper product of claim 62, the third embossing being formed at a density of 50-80 embossings / cm 2 .

65. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to any one of claims 43-53, wherein the embossing load during the embossing of the first layer reaches the range of 1-50 kg / cml.

66. The method of manufacturing a cotton paper product according to claim 65, wherein the embossing load during the embossing of the first layer reaches the range of 5-40 kg / cml.

67. A cotton paper product manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 43-66.

68. A roll of cotton paper product made of a spirally wound continuous web of cotton paper product having a first end and a second end, the web of cotton paper product being wound to define an axially extending inner hole centrally positioned relative to the roll, such that the first end is located on the outside of the roll and the second end is located at the inner hole, the cotton paper product being the cotton paper product according to claim 67.

69. The roll of the cotton paper product according to claim 68, wherein the cotton paper product is toilet paper or household towel.

70. A stack of folded or unfolded sheets made from the cotton paper product according to claim 68.

71. The stack according to claim 70, wherein the folded sheet is an interleaved folded sheet.

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