Buoy-shaped double-layer structure wave energy friction nanogenerator

Abstract

The application provides a buoy-shaped double-layer structure wave energy friction nanogenerator, which comprises a buoy shell, an inner layer power generation unit arranged in the buoy shell and an outer layer power generation unit arranged between the inner layer power generation unit and the buoy shell, the inner layer power generation unit is a sliding friction type power generation device and utilizes heaving wave energy to generate electricity, and the outer layer power generation unit is a squeezing friction type power generation device and utilizes pitching wave energy to generate electricity.The application can collect omnibearing wideband wave energy with maximum efficiency through resonance effect and convert the wave energy into electric energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ocean energy power generation technology, and in particular to a buoy-shaped double-layer structure wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depletion of traditional fossil fuel energy, the energy crisis has become a global problem, urgently requiring the development of renewable, green, and clean energy. Since 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, waves are one of the richest sources of energy storage, making wave energy a promising candidate for large-scale power generation. However, traditional electromagnetic generators used to harvest wave energy suffer from limitations such as bulky structures, high manufacturing costs, and low efficiency in harvesting low-frequency energy.

[0003] The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators offers new possibilities for the efficient harvesting of wave energy due to their high conversion efficiency at low frequencies (especially 0.1-3 Hz). Furthermore, the low manufacturing cost and design flexibility of triboelectric nanogenerators can further promote their industrialization. Triboelectric nanogenerators originate from Maxwell's displacement current, utilizing the coupling effect of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction to convert mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy.

[0004] Currently, various types of triboelectric nanogenerators have been designed to harvest wave energy, such as increasing the contact area and raising the frequency of damped motion using springs. However, these efforts have struggled to obtain broadband wave energy, harvest it from multiple directions, and achieve a resonance effect to maximize the efficiency of wave energy harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator that can collect omnidirectional broadband wave energy with maximum efficiency through the resonance effect and convert it into electrical energy.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: It includes:

[0007] The buoy's outer shell is spherical and hollow inside;

[0008] The inner power generation unit is disposed inside the outer casing; and

[0009] Several outer power generation units are disposed between the outer shell and the inner power generation units;

[0010] The inner power generation unit is a sliding friction power generation device that generates electricity using heave wave energy; the outer power generation unit is a compression friction power generation device that generates electricity using pitch wave energy.

[0011] Furthermore, there are a total of 4 outer power generation units, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the inner power generation units.

[0012] Further, the inner power generation unit includes:

[0013] An internal structure housing, which is hollow inside and is arranged inside the housing;

[0014] A number of internal power generation modules, which are arranged in a "field" shape inside the internal structure housing.

[0015] Further, the internal power generation module includes:

[0016] An outer friction cylinder, which is arranged inside the internal structure housing;

[0017] A number of inner friction cylinders, which are sleeved inside the outer friction cylinder;

[0018] A number of vibration springs, which are arranged between adjacent inner friction cylinders;

[0019] Wherein, a first electrode is provided on the outer wall of the inner friction cylinder, and a second electrode is provided on the inner wall of the outer friction cylinder.

[0020] Further, the first electrode is a copper electrode strip distributed at equal intervals, and the second electrode is formed by the intersection of two finger-shaped copper electrode strips, and the lengths of each electrode strip increase from short to long.

[0021] Further, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged at intervals, and the interval distances of each electrode strip of the first electrode and the second electrode are the same.

[0022] Further, the outer power generation unit includes:

[0023] A substrate, which is arranged outside the internal structure housing and includes a first side plate and a second side plate arranged opposite to each other; and

[0024] A number of external power generation modules, which are uniformly arranged between the first side plate and the second side plate along the vertical direction.

[0025] Further, the external power generation module includes:

[0026] A connecting shaft, which is uniformly arranged between the first side plate and the second side plate along the vertical direction;

[0027] A number of buffer springs, which are sleeved on the connecting shaft, and the first ends thereof are fixed on the side plate;

[0028] A number of origami-shaped electrodes, which are sleeved on the connecting shaft, and the first ends thereof are connected to the second ends of the buffer springs;

[0029] A number of linear bearings, which are sleeved on the connecting shaft, and the first ends thereof are connected to the second ends of the origami-shaped electrodes.

[0030] Furthermore, the origami-shaped electrode has a hole in the middle, and the hole is insulated.

[0031] Furthermore, the origami-like electrode uses a Kapton film as a substrate, and after folding, it forms several triboelectric nanogenerator units of the same size.

[0032] Furthermore, square copper foils are attached to both sides of each triboelectric nanogenerator unit as electrodes, and an FEP film is attached to one side of the copper foil as a dielectric layer.

[0033] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention has a closed spherical buoy shell, which can isolate liquids and prevent the water shielding effect from affecting the power generation efficiency of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Furthermore, the spherical buoy has better wave-following properties, thus enabling long-term stable operation in environments such as water flow. 2. The triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention has an inner power generation unit that is a quadruple third-order dynamic vibration absorber, overcoming the limitations of a single dynamic vibration absorber. Even under the action of wave energy with frequently changing wave frequencies, it can stably absorb heave wave energy and actively resonate, maximizing the utilization of wave energy. 3. The triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention has four identical circular holes arranged at the four corners on the bottom surface of the inner friction cylinder of the internal power generation module. This reduces the impact of air resistance when the inner friction cylinder slides up and down, correspondingly increasing the range of motion of the inner friction cylinder and improving the power generation efficiency of the internal power generation module. 4. The triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention uses origami-shaped electrodes in the power generation part of the external power generation module. When the linear bearing moves along the axis under the action of wave energy, it can simultaneously compress multiple square electrode plates, improving space utilization and thus improving the output performance of the external power generation module. 5. In the triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention, buffer springs are added to both sides of the connecting shaft of the external power generation module. The elasticity of the springs buffers the impact of the linear bearing, preventing damage to the origami-like electrode after repeated impacts with the linear bearing, extending the service life of the origami-like electrode. Furthermore, the springs can absorb the kinetic energy of the linear bearing, reducing the wave energy required for the linear bearing to reverse start. 6. In the triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention, there are four outer power generation units, evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner power generation units. Three external power generation modules are evenly arranged vertically on each side, with no external power generation module at the top. This lowers the center of gravity of the overall device, allowing the triboelectric nanogenerator to remain vertical and prevent it from tipping over under the influence of waves, thus maintaining optimal power generation at all times. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a buoy-shaped, double-layered wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a buoy shell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a buoy-shaped double-layer wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator with its outer shell removed, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an internal power generation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an internal friction cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of electrodes in an internal power generation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an external power generation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of electrodes for an external power generation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram, 100 is the buoy outer shell; 200 is the generator outer shell; 300 is the inner generator unit; 400 is the outer generator unit; 1 is the upper half of the float; 2 is the top plate; 3 is the cover plate; 4 is the upper bottom surface; 5 is the internal structure outer shell; 6 is the inner friction cylinder; 7 is the internal spring connector; 8 is the vibration spring; 9 is the outer friction cylinder; 10 is the first upper fastener; 11 is the second upper fastener; 12 is the tenon and mortise structure fastener; 13 is the connecting shaft; 14 is the buffer spring; 15 is the external spring connector; 16 is the positioning plate; 17 is the first lower fastener; 18 is the second lower fastener; 19 is the linear bearing; 20 is the origami-shaped electrode; 21 is the bottom surface of the external structure; 22 is the lower bottom surface; 23 is the side surface; and 24 is the lower half of the float. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a buoy-shaped, double-layered wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a buoy shell and a power generation component, wherein...

[0045] The buoy's outer shell is spherical, consisting of an upper half and a lower half.

[0046] The power generation unit is located in the cavity of the spherical buoy shell. The power generation unit is divided into an inner power generation unit and an outer power generation unit. The inner power generation unit is a sliding friction power generation device, which generates electricity by sliding the inner friction cylinder up and down under the action of heave wave energy and rubbing against the outer friction cylinder. The outer power generation unit is a compression friction power generation device, which generates electricity by moving along the axis under the action of pitch wave energy through a linear bearing and compressing the origami-shaped electrode, and generating electricity through contact separation. The inner power generation unit is a quadruple third-order dynamic vibration absorber, which overcomes the limitations of a single dynamic vibration absorber. Under the action of wave energy with frequent wave frequency changes, it can stably absorb heave wave energy and actively resonate, maximizing the utilization of wave energy. The power generation part of the external power generation module adopts origami-shaped electrodes. When the linear bearing moves along the axis under the action of wave energy, it can simultaneously compress multiple square electrode plates, improving space utilization and thus improving the output performance of the external power generation module.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer casing of the power generation section includes an upper bottom surface 4, a lower bottom surface 22, a side surface 23, a cover plate 3, a top plate 2, tenon and mortise fasteners 12, a first upper fastener 10, a second upper fastener 11, a first lower fastener 17, and a second lower fastener 18. Both the cover plate 3 and the side surface 23 are composed of four parts joined together by interlocking protrusions and recesses, forming a U-shape. The cover plate 3 is stacked on top of the side surface 23. The first upper fastener 10 and the second upper fastener 11 are L-shaped and are fixed to the upper bottom surface 4 on one side by bolts and nuts. On the other side, it is fixed to the cover plate 3 and the side 23 by bolts and nuts; the first lower fastener 17 and the second lower fastener 18 are "L" shaped, one side is fixed to the lower bottom surface 22 by bolts and nuts, and the other side is fixed to the side 23 by bolts and nuts; the top plate 2 is fixed to the four corners of the upper bottom surface 4 and the lower bottom surface 22 by bolts and nuts; the four corners of the upper bottom surface 4 and the lower bottom surface 22 all have "L" shaped grooves, and their size and orientation are completely consistent; the outer shell of the power generation part forms the accommodating cavity of the inner power generation unit and the mounting frame of the outer power generation unit.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the buoy shell is spherical, including an upper half-buoy 1 and a lower half-buoy 24. The upper half-buoy 1 and the lower half-buoy 24 are connected by bolts and nuts, and the shell is spherical after connection. The shell is a closed spherical buoy, which can isolate liquid and prevent the water shielding effect from affecting the power generation efficiency of the triboelectric nanogenerator. In addition, the spherical buoy has better wave following properties, so it can be used for long-term stable operation in environments such as water flow.

[0049] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown in the figure, the inner power generation unit includes an internal structure housing 5 and an internal power generation module. Among them, the internal power generation module includes an outer friction cylinder 9, an inner friction cylinder 6, an internal spring connector 7, and a vibration spring 8. The internal spring connector 7 is fixed at the center of the bottom surface of the inner friction cylinder 6 through bolts and nuts, and the two internal spring connectors 7 connected above and below the same bottom surface of the inner friction cylinder 6 are cross-overlapped. The vibration spring 8 is sleeved on the protrusion of the internal spring connector 7 and is located at the center of the bottom surface of the inner friction cylinder 6. The inner friction cylinders 6 are connected by vibration springs 8, and the inner friction cylinders 6 are vertically stacked and fixed on the lower bottom surface 22. The inner friction cylinder 6 is placed in the middle of the outer friction cylinder 9, and there is a gap between them. The outer friction cylinder 9 is composed of four parts assembled by mutually matching protrusions and depressions, forming a "square" shape, and there are mortise grooves on the part contacting the internal structure housing 5. There are four such structures in total. The four outer friction cylinders 9 are closely arranged in a "field" shape and placed in the space surrounded by the internal structure housing 5. The internal structure housing 5 is composed of four parts assembled by mutually matching protrusions and depressions, forming a "square" shape, and there are mortise grooves on both sides of each part, and their positions are the same as the positions of the mortise grooves reserved on the outer friction cylinder 9. The inner power generation unit is a quadruple three-stage dynamic vibration absorber, which overcomes the limitations of a single dynamic vibration absorber and can stably absorb the heaving wave energy and actively resonate under the action of wave energy with frequent wave frequency changes, maximizing the utilization of wave energy.

[0050] As Figure 5 shown, on the bottom surface of the inner friction cylinder 6, there are four round holes with the same size and arranged at the four corners, which reduces the influence of air resistance when the inner friction cylinder slides up and down. Correspondingly, it can increase the movement range of the inner friction cylinder and improve the power generation efficiency of the inner power generation unit. In addition, counterweights can be attached to the inner wall of the inner friction cylinder 6 to increase the inertial force when the inner friction cylinder moves and enlarge the range of the inner friction cylinder.

[0051] As Figure 6 shown, a layer of sponge is attached to the outer wall of the inner friction cylinder as the electrode paste substrate. On the outer wall of the inner friction cylinder, the electrodes are pasted as equally spaced copper electrode strips. On the inner wall of the outer friction cylinder, the electrodes are pasted as two finger-shaped copper electrode strips crossed, and the lengths of each electrode strip increase from short to long. The electrodes are arranged at intervals of two electrode strips on the outer wall of the inner friction cylinder and the inner wall of the outer friction cylinder, and the interval distance of each electrode strip is the same. The wire contacts the bottom of the finger-shaped electrode and is led out through the round hole on the positioning plate. The lengths of the electrode strips of the finger-shaped electrode are different, and displacement signals can be extracted from the electrical signals, and then velocity signals and acceleration signals can be obtained from the displacement signals. Therefore, this triboelectric nanogenerator can be regarded as a self-driven acceleration sensor. The cross-pasting of the finger-shaped electrodes can improve the space utilization rate, thereby improving the output performance of the internal power generation module.

[0052] As Figure 3 、 Figure 7As shown, the outer power generation unit includes a base and an external power generation module. The base includes four sets of two opposing positioning plates 16. The external power generation module includes a connecting shaft 13, a buffer spring 14, an external spring connector 15, a linear bearing 19, a paper-shaped electrode 20, and an external structural bottom surface 21. The external structural bottom surface 21 has a circular hole. The positioning plate 16 is composed of two parts that are interlocked by mutually cooperating protrusions and recesses, forming an "L" shape. It is inserted into the "L" shaped grooves at the four corners of the upper bottom surface 4 and the lower bottom surface 22, and also has a circular hole on it, which is aligned with the position of the external structural bottom surface 21. The tenon and mortise fastener 12 is "L" shaped, and one side is connected to the external structural bottom surface by bolts and nuts. 21. The positioning plate 16 is connected, and the tenon protruding on the other side is inserted into the pre-reserved tenon groove on the inner structure shell 5 and the inner friction cylinder 6; the external spring connector 15 is fixed to the bottom surface 21 of the external structure and the positioning plate 16 by bolts and nuts; the buffer spring 14 is sleeved on the protrusion of the external spring connector 15; the two ends of the connecting shaft 13 are U-shaped protrusions, which pass through the round holes on the external spring connector 15 and are embedded into the matching holes on the bottom surface 21 of the external structure, and its end face rests on the positioning plate 16; the linear bearing 19 is passed through by the connecting shaft 13, and the linear bearing 19 can slide along the connecting shaft 13; the origami-shaped electrode 20 has a hole in the middle, is passed through by the connecting shaft 13, and the middle hole is insulated.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, multiple square plates on the origami-shaped electrode 20 of the external power generation module simultaneously perform contact separation power generation, which improves space utilization and thus improves the output performance of the power generation unit of the outer layer. The external power generation module uses the elasticity of the buffer spring 14 to buffer the collision of the linear bearing, avoid damage to the origami-shaped electrode after multiple collisions with the linear bearing, extend the service life of the origami-shaped electrode, and the spring can absorb the kinetic energy of the linear bearing, reducing the wave energy required when the linear bearing starts in reverse.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer power generation unit has three external power generation modules evenly arranged in the vertical direction, with no external power generation module at the top, in order to lower the center of gravity of the overall device, so that the triboelectric nanogenerator can remain vertical and will not tip over under the action of waves, thus maintaining the best power generation state at all times.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, the origami-shaped electrode uses a Kapton film as a substrate, which is folded to form multiple triboelectric nanogenerator units of the same size. Square copper foils are attached to both sides of each unit as electrodes, and an FEP film is attached to one side of the copper foil as a dielectric layer. Flexible foam is used to improve the contact between the electrodes to enhance the output performance. Each generator unit has wires, which are led out through round holes on the bottom surface of the external structure.

[0056] Under the influence of wave energy, the float moves with the waves, and the power generation part moves with the float, causing the inner friction cylinder in the inner power generation unit to move up and down under the influence of heave wave energy, and slide against the inner wall of the outer friction cylinder to generate electricity; under the influence of pitch wave energy, the linear bearing in the outer power generation unit moves along the axis to squeeze the folded paper electrode to contact and separate to generate electricity. The triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention has a closed spherical buoy outer shell, which isolates it from liquids and prevents water shielding from affecting its power generation efficiency. The spherical buoy also has better wave-following properties, allowing for long-term stable operation in environments such as flowing water. The inner power generation unit is a quadruple third-order dynamic vibration absorber, overcoming the limitations of a single dynamic vibration absorber. Even under the influence of wave energy with frequently changing wave frequencies, it can stably absorb heave wave energy and actively resonate, maximizing wave energy utilization. The inner friction cylinder of the internal power generation module has four identical circular holes arranged at the four corners on its bottom surface, minimizing air resistance during the inner friction cylinder's vertical sliding. This increases the range of motion of the inner friction cylinder and improves the power generation efficiency of the internal power generation module. The power generation part of the external power generation module uses origami-shaped electrodes. When a straight line... When the bearing moves along the axis under the action of wave energy, it can simultaneously compress multiple square electrode plates, improving space utilization and thus enhancing the output performance of the external power generation module. The external power generation module uses buffer springs added to both sides of the connecting shaft to buffer the collision of the linear bearing, preventing damage to the origami-shaped electrode after multiple collisions with the linear bearing, extending the service life of the origami-shaped electrode. In addition, the springs can absorb the kinetic energy of the linear bearing, reducing the wave energy required for the linear bearing to start in reverse. There are a total of 4 outer power generation units, evenly distributed around the inner power generation unit. Three external power generation modules are evenly arranged vertically on each side, and no external power generation module is placed at the top to lower the center of gravity of the overall device, so that the triboelectric nanogenerator can remain vertical and will not tip over under the action of waves, maintaining the optimal power generation state at all times.

[0057] In summary, this invention discloses a buoy-shaped, double-layered wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator. The buoy's outer shell is spherical, and the power generation section consists of inner and outer layers. The spherical buoy shell provides better wave-following capability, and each layer's power generation unit generates electricity independently to adapt to different sea conditions. The inner layer's power generation unit is a sliding friction type, where an inner friction cylinder slides up and down under the influence of heave wave energy, generating electricity through friction with the outer friction cylinder. The outer layer's power generation unit is a compression friction type, where a linear bearing moves along an axis under the influence of pitch wave energy, compressing a paper-folding electrode and generating electricity through contact separation. The inner and outer power generation units extract electrical energy by leading wires into a space separated by a partition plate. The inner layer's power generation unit uses a dynamic vibration absorber to achieve active resonance, amplifying the displacement of the inner friction cylinder. The outer layer's power generation unit uses a buffer spring to collect the kinetic energy of the linear bearing, reducing the wave energy required for the linear bearing to reverse-start.

Claims

1. A buoy-shaped, double-layered wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: It includes a buoy shell, an inner power generation unit arranged inside the buoy shell, and an outer power generation unit arranged between the inner power generation unit and the buoy shell. The inner power generation unit is a sliding friction power generation device that generates electricity using heaving wave energy; the outer power generation unit is a squeezing friction power generation device that generates electricity using pitching wave energy. There are a total of 4 outer power generation units, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner power generation unit. The inner power generation unit includes an inner hollow internal structure shell and an internal power generation module arranged in a "field" shape inside the internal structure shell (5). The internal power generation module includes an outer friction cylinder (9) arranged inside the internal structure shell (5), at least two inner friction cylinders (6) sleeved inside the outer friction cylinder (9), and a number of vibration springs (8) arranged between adjacent inner friction cylinders (6). A first electrode is provided on the outer wall of the inner friction cylinder (6), and a second electrode is provided on the inner wall of the outer friction cylinder (9). The first electrode is a copper electrode strip distributed at equal intervals, and the second electrode is two finger-shaped copper electrode strips crossed, with the length of each electrode strip increasing from short to long; the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged at intervals, and the interval distance between each electrode strip of the first electrode and the second electrode is the same. The outer power generation unit includes a base arranged outside the internal structure shell (5). The base includes a first side plate and a second side plate arranged opposite to each other; at least two groups of external power generation modules are evenly arranged between the first side plate and the second side plate in the vertical direction. Each group of external power generation modules includes a connecting shaft (13) evenly arranged between the first side plate and the second side plate in the vertical direction, a buffer spring (14) sleeved on the connecting shaft (13), a folded paper-shaped electrode (20) sleeved on the connecting shaft (13), and a linear bearing (19) sleeved on the connecting shaft (13). The first end of the buffer spring (14) is fixed on the first side plate; the first end of the folded paper-shaped electrode (20) is connected to the second end of the buffer spring (14); the first end of the linear bearing (19) is connected to the second end of the folded paper-shaped electrode (20).

2. A buoyant, bilayer structured wave energy frictional nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folded paper-shaped electrode (20) has holes in the middle, and the holes are insulated; the folded paper-shaped electrode (20) uses a Kapton film as a base, and after folding, it forms a number of friction nanogenerator units of the same size. Square copper foils are pasted on both sides of each friction nanogenerator unit as electrodes, and an FEP film is pasted on one side of the copper foil as a dielectric layer.

3. The buoy-shaped double-layer wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folded paper-shaped electrode (20) has holes in the middle, and the holes are insulated; the folded paper-shaped electrode (20) uses a Kapton film as a base, and after folding, it forms a number of friction nanogenerator units of the same size. Square copper foils are pasted on both sides of each friction nanogenerator unit as electrodes, and an FEP film is pasted on one side of the copper foil as a dielectric layer.

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