An ecological dam layout method suitable for fish habitats

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ecological dam-based plan layout method suitable for fish habitats, comprising the following steps: determining the scope of a sampling river section and obtaining the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds within the sampling river section; obtaining multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters within the sampling river section by combining the hydrological characteristics and a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model; determining fitness using frequency statistics based on the obtained multiple sets of fish habitat parameters; using water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio as discriminant indicators, calculating and analyzing the values ​​of each discriminant indicator at optimal fitness; determining a simulated plan layout scheme based on the values ​​of each discriminant indicator at optimal fitness; and, based on the simulated plan layout scheme, performing fitness analysis of water depth, flow velocity, and gradient again until the requirements are met, thereby determining a plan layout scheme. The present invention does not affect the remediation effect of the remediation buildings, and reduces the impact of the remediation buildings on nearby fish habitats by improving the connectivity of the fish habitats.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field, and in particular relates to an ecological dam plane layout method suitable for fish habitats. Background Art

[0002] The current deployment of channel regulation structures on large, mountainous navigable rivers like the upper Yangtze River inevitably alters the hydrodynamic conditions of the regulated river section and squeezes or destroys the natural habitats of fish, inevitably impacting the ecosystem of that section. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the impact on the river's ecological environment while simultaneously ensuring the effectiveness and quality of channel regulation.

[0003] Existing patents, such as CN110258437A, propose a method for constructing fish habitats in inland waterway projects to reconcile the contradiction between inland waterway construction and fish habitat protection. The method mainly constructs a diverse ecological environment suitable for fish habitat in different areas of the river beach and the main navigation channel. However, the starting point of this patented technical solution is to reconstruct fish habitats within the river section, which is of great complexity and difficult to apply to the mountainous rivers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the idea is to change and instead carry out structural ecological optimization treatment on the regulation buildings themselves in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to minimize the impact of the regulation buildings on the fish habitats in the river section. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological dam plane layout method suitable for fish habitats, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the impact of channel regulation buildings on fish habitats.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An ecological dam layout method suitable for fish habitats includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Determine the scope of the sampling river section and obtain the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds in the sampling river section;

[0008] S2: Combine hydrological characteristics with a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters within the sampled river section;

[0009] S3: Based on the multiple groups of fish habitat parameters obtained in step S2, frequency statistics are used to determine the fitness;

[0010] S4: Using water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio as discriminant indicators, calculate and analyze the values ​​of each discriminant indicator under the optimal fitness;

[0011] S5: determining a pseudo-planar layout scheme based on the values ​​of the discrimination indicators at the optimal fitness determined in step S4;

[0012] S6: Based on the proposed plan layout scheme in step S5, the suitability analysis of water depth, flow velocity and gradient is performed again until the requirements are met and the plan layout scheme is determined.

[0013] To further improve the above technical solution, the sampling river section in step S1 refers to a river section with similar river flow and water flow conditions to the river section where the ecological dam is located, and the ecological dam is located within the sampling river section;

[0014] The hydrological characteristics include water depth, flow velocity and gradient and corresponding flow conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, the step S2 of combining hydrological characteristics with a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters in the sampled river section includes:

[0016] Obtaining flow and water level information of various fish spawning grounds within the sampled river section, and using the flow and water level information as boundary conditions of the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, calculating the water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio data of various fish spawning grounds within the sampled river section and the corresponding flow conditions through the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model;

[0017] The two-dimensional water flow mathematical model is verified using the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds obtained in step S1. After verification, multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters are calculated based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model for the river section around the ecological Shun Dam under various flow conditions. Each set of fish habitat parameters includes water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the use of frequency statistics to determine suitability includes: performing statistical analysis on multiple groups of continuous fish habitat parameters obtained from the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model in step S2 to obtain the suitability distribution of each group of fish habitat parameters in the river section near the Ecological Shun Dam.

[0019] Furthermore, the optimal fitness of each discrimination index is greater than 0.5.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S5, determining the pseudo-planar layout scheme based on the values ​​of the discrimination indicators at the optimal fitness determined in step S4 includes:

[0021] The layout of the ecological dam is preliminarily determined based on the river flow, and the number and spacing of openings on the ecological dam are preliminarily determined based on the preset dam length and dam stability requirements;

[0022] The location of the opening to be made on the ecological dam is determined based on the water depth and flow velocity at the optimal fitness;

[0023] The size of the opening to be built on the ecological dam is determined based on the gradient and width-to-depth ratio at the optimal fit.

[0024] Furthermore, the step S6 specifically includes:

[0025] Based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, the proposed opening positions in the proposed plan layout scheme determined in step S5 are analyzed within a preset time period and under various flow conditions to analyze whether the water depth, flow velocity and gradient meet the fitness requirements. If not, the opening positions and opening sizes are adjusted according to the width-to-depth ratio under the optimal fitness;

[0026] The suitability analysis of water depth, flow rate and gradient of the adjusted opening is carried out again within the preset time period and under various flow conditions until the requirements are met to determine the final plane layout plan.

[0027] Furthermore, the openings on the ecological dam are through holes.

[0028] Furthermore, the preset time period includes March to July; the flow conditions at each level include 4000m 3 / s、5000m 3 / s、6000m 3 / s、8000m 3 / s and 10000m 3 / s.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The present invention provides an ecological dam-side plan layout method suitable for fish habitats. In order to reduce the impact of renovation buildings on various fish habitats in the nearby river section ecosystem, holes are opened on the dam body to increase the connectivity of the fish habitats. In order not to affect the structural stability of the dam body and avoid the impact of arbitrary holes in the dam body on the nearby ecological environment, it is necessary to collect and analyze data on the water depth, flow velocity, gradient and width-to-depth ratio of multiple fish habitats in the renovation river section within a certain period of time and under various flow conditions until the final position and size of the holes on the dam body are determined. In this way, the renovation effect of the renovation buildings is not affected, and the impact of the renovation buildings on nearby fish habitats is reduced by improving the connectivity of the fish habitats. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a water depth suitability curve distribution diagram of an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2 Flow rate suitability curve distribution diagram of the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 3It is a distribution diagram of the gradient suitability curve of the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 4 is a distribution curve of the suitability of the aspect ratio of the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 5 It is the plan layout of Dongxikou Shunba of the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a distribution diagram of the water depth and flow rate suitability of each opening under the simulated plane layout scheme of the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a distribution diagram of the suitability of the left branch gradient under the simulated plan layout scheme of the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the figures, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used solely to distinguish descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather may be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply refers to a direction that is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not imply that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather may be slightly tilted. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] A specific embodiment of an ecological dam layout method suitable for fish habitats includes the following steps:

[0042] S1: Determine the scope of the sampling river section and obtain the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds in the sampling river section;

[0043] S2: Combine hydrological characteristics with a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters within the sampled river section;

[0044] S3: Based on the multiple groups of fish habitat parameters obtained in step S2, frequency statistics are used to determine the fitness;

[0045] S4: Using water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio as discriminant indicators, calculate and analyze the values ​​of each discriminant indicator under the optimal fitness;

[0046] S5: determining a pseudo-planar layout scheme based on the values ​​of the discrimination indicators at the optimal fitness determined in step S4;

[0047] S6: Based on the proposed plan layout scheme in step S5, the suitability analysis of water depth, flow velocity and gradient is performed again until the requirements are met and the plan layout scheme is determined.

[0048] The present invention provides an ecological dam plan layout method suitable for fish habitats. In order to reduce the impact of renovation buildings on the fish habitats in the nearby river section ecosystem, holes are opened on the dam body of the ecological dam to increase the connectivity of the fish habitats. In order not to affect the structural stability of the dam body and avoid the impact of arbitrary holes in the dam body on the nearby ecological environment, it is necessary to collect and analyze data on the water depth, flow velocity, gradient and width-to-depth ratio of multiple fish habitats near the renovation river section within a certain period of time and under various flow conditions. After repeated analysis and comparison, the final position and size of the holes on the dam body are determined. In this way, the renovation effect of the renovation buildings is not affected, and the impact of the renovation buildings on the nearby fish habitats is reduced by improving the connectivity of the fish habitats.

[0049] Among them, the sampling river section refers to a river section with similar river flow and water flow conditions to the river section where the ecological dam is located, and the ecological dam is located in the sampling river section; the hydrological characteristics include water depth, flow velocity and gradient and corresponding flow conditions.

[0050] During implementation, when determining the scope of the sampling river section, in addition to ensuring that its river regime and water flow conditions are similar to those of the river section where the ecological Shunba is located, it is also necessary to ensure that the number of fish spawning grounds in the sampling river section is sufficient (that is, the length of the sampling river section must be long enough. If it is too short, there may be only one or two fish spawning grounds in the sampling river section). This can ensure that the multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters in the sampling river section obtained based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are representative, so as to further ensure the accuracy and rationality of the subsequent fitness analysis.

[0051] The step S2 of combining hydrological characteristics with a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters in the sampled river section includes:

[0052] Obtaining flow and water level information of various fish spawning grounds within the sampled river section, and using the flow and water level information as boundary conditions of the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, calculating the water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio data of various fish spawning grounds within the sampled river section and the corresponding flow conditions through the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model;

[0053] The two-dimensional water flow mathematical model is verified using the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds obtained in step S1. After verification, multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters are calculated based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model for the river section around the ecological Shun Dam under various flow conditions. Each set of fish habitat parameters includes water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio.

[0054] In this way, since the hydrological characteristic data of all fish spawning grounds in the sampled river section obtained by actual measurement are discrete, and the fish spawning grounds do not necessarily overlap with the location of the ecological dam, it is necessary to use a two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters in the river section around the ecological dam under various flow conditions; therefore, it is necessary to use actual measured data to verify the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to ensure that the values ​​calculated by the subsequent two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are accurate and valid.

[0055] Among them, in step S3, the use of frequency statistics to determine the suitability includes: performing statistical analysis on multiple groups of continuous fish habitat parameters obtained from the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model in step S2, and obtaining the suitability distribution of the fish habitat parameters.

[0056] Specifically, in the present invention, fitness refers to the degree of suitability of habitats and other indicators for organisms, expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 1, with 0 representing the least suitable and 1 representing the most suitable. During statistical analysis, the water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio data for each group must be divided into intervals for grouping. The Sturges empirical formula is used to calculate the optimal interval, as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, I is the optimal interval; R is the indicator variation range; N is the number of statistical data.

[0059] After obtaining the I values ​​of water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio, the fitness of the one with the highest frequency is set to 1, and the fitness of the others is determined according to the same proportion.

[0060] Wherein, in step S5, determining the pseudo-planar layout scheme based on the values ​​of the discrimination indicators at the optimal fitness determined in step S4 includes:

[0061] The layout of the ecological dam is preliminarily determined based on the river flow, and the number and spacing of openings on the ecological dam are preliminarily determined based on the preset dam length and dam stability requirements;

[0062] The location of the opening to be made on the ecological dam is determined based on the water depth and flow velocity at the optimal fitness;

[0063] The size of the opening to be built on the ecological dam is determined based on the gradient and width-to-depth ratio at the optimal fit.

[0064] During implementation, the number of openings is ≥1, and the opening interval and the position of the first hole are determined according to the preset dam body length and dam body stability requirements, and then the number of openings is further determined; the dam body stability requirements mentioned herein are currently commonly used in accordance with the relevant stability calculation requirements of "Waterway Engineering Design Code" (JTS181-2016) 10.5.9.4 and "Port Engineering Load Code" (JTS144-1-2010) 13.0.1.

[0065] Wherein, the step S6 specifically includes:

[0066] Based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, the proposed opening positions in the proposed plan layout scheme determined in step S5 are analyzed within a preset time period and under various flow conditions to analyze whether the water depth, flow velocity and gradient meet the fitness requirements. If not, the opening positions and opening sizes are adjusted according to the width-to-depth ratio under the optimal fitness;

[0067] The suitability analysis of water depth, flow rate and gradient of the adjusted opening is carried out again within the preset time period and under various flow conditions until the requirements are met to determine the final plane layout plan.

[0068] During implementation, it is often considered that the suitability requirements are met within a range of ±5%, that is, the water depth, flow velocity, gradient and width-to-depth ratio under various flow conditions are considered to meet the requirements if the difference is within ±5% compared with the corresponding values ​​under the optimal suitability.

[0069] The following will further explain an ecological dam layout method suitable for fish habitats by taking the optimization scheme of Dongxikou dam as an example:

[0070] S1: Obtain the water depth, flow velocity, and gradient of all fish spawning grounds (63) in the Yibin to Zhutuo River section (the sampling section) (Dongxikou is between Yibin and Zhutuo);

[0071] S2: Obtain the flow and water level information of the 63 fish spawning grounds in the sampled river section, and calculate the water depth, flow velocity, gradient, width-to-depth ratio and corresponding flow conditions of each fish spawning ground using a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model;

[0072] The water depth, flow velocity, and gradient data of the 63 fish spawning grounds measured in step S1 are used to verify the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model. After verification, multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters are calculated based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model for the river section around Dongxikou Shunba under various flow conditions. Each set of fish habitat parameters includes water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio; the various flow conditions include 4000m 3 / s、5000m 3 / s、6000m 3 / s、8000m3 / s and 10000m 3 / s.

[0073] S3: performing statistical analysis on the multiple groups of continuous fish habitat parameters obtained by the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model in step S2 to obtain the suitability distribution of each group of fish habitat parameters in the river section near Dongxikou Shunba;

[0074] For details, please see Figure 1-Figure 4 Among them, the fitness with the highest frequency is 1, and the fitness of the others is determined according to the same proportion; the Sturges empirical formula is used to calculate the optimal interval method to determine the group distance, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, I is the optimal interval; R is the indicator variation range; N is the number of statistical data;

[0077] In this embodiment, Iwaterdepth=2.8, Iflowrate=0.27, Igradient=0.13, and Iwidth-to-depthratio=4.

[0078] S4: Using water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio as discrimination indicators, calculate and analyze the values ​​of each indicator under optimal fitness, where the optimal fitness is greater than 0.5;

[0079] 1) Water depth

[0080] See Figure 1 The water depth suitability curve distribution shows that when the fitness is greater than 0.5, the most suitable water depth is 0.3-5.6m;

[0081] 2) Flow rate

[0082] See Figure 2 The velocity suitability curve distribution shows that when the suitability is greater than 0.5, the most suitable velocity is 0.0-0.54m / s.

[0083] 3) Gradient

[0084] See Figure 3 The gradient suitability curve distribution shows that when the fitness is greater than 0.5, the most suitable gradient is 0.0-0.52‰;

[0085] 4) Aspect ratio

[0086] See Figure 4 The suitability curve distribution of the width-to-depth ratio shows that when the fitness is greater than 0.5, the most suitable width ratio is 4-24;

[0087] S5: Preliminarily determine the layout of the Dongxikou Shun Dam based on the river flow, and preliminarily determine the number and spacing of openings on the Dongxikou Shun Dam based on the preset dam length and dam stability requirements;

[0088] The location of the opening on the Dongxikou Shunba is determined based on the water depth and flow velocity at the optimal fit;

[0089] The size of the opening to be built on the Dongxikou dam is determined based on the gradient and width-to-depth ratio at the optimal fit.

[0090] After the above steps S1-S5, the proposed plan layout of Dongxikou Shunba is obtained as follows: Figure 5 , taking the downstream of Dongxikou Shunba as the starting point, along the length direction of the dam body, three through holes are opened at 205m, 415m and 620m of the dam body ( Figure 5 A1, B1, C1), correspondingly, the opening apertures are 30m, 40m, and 50m, respectively.

[0091] S6: Based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, the three proposed opening positions in the proposed plan layout determined in step S5 are analyzed within a preset time period and under various flow conditions to determine whether their water depth, flow velocity, and gradient meet the suitability requirements. During implementation, the requirements are considered to be met within a range of ±5%. If not, the opening positions and opening sizes are adjusted based on the width-to-depth ratio under the optimal suitability.

[0092] The suitability analysis of water depth, flow rate and gradient of the adjusted opening is carried out again within the preset time period and under various flow conditions until the requirements are met to determine the final plane layout plan.

[0093] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the suitability analysis of water depth, flow rate and gradient of the three planned holes was carried out; it can be seen that except for hole 2 at 8000m 3 / s-10000m 3 / s water depth suitability is less than 0.5, the suitability of water depth and flow velocity under other working conditions is greater than 0.5. The gradient suitability curve shows that at a flow rate of 8000m 3 / s, the gradient is 0.54‰, slightly larger than the suitability of 0.5 and the gradient is 0.52‰ (within the range of ±5%), that is, the gradient is at a flow rate of 8000m 3 / s is less than 0.5, while the other working conditions are all greater than 0.5.

[0094] Therefore, it is determined that the proposed plan layout scheme meets the suitability requirements, and the proposed plan layout scheme is the final plan layout scheme.

[0095] During implementation, if the suitability requirements are not met, the opening position needs to be re-determined, and the opening size needs to be re-derived based on the water depth at the opening and the most suitable width-to-depth ratio (i.e., 4-24) until the requirements are met and the final plan layout is determined.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological dam layout method suitable for fish habitats, characterized by: The steps include: S1: Determine the scope of the sampling river section and obtain the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds in the sampling river section; The sampling river section refers to a river section with similar river flow and flow conditions to the section where the ecological dam is located, and the ecological dam is located within the sampling river section; the hydrological characteristics include water depth, flow velocity and gradient, and corresponding flow conditions; S2: Combine hydrological characteristics with a preset two-dimensional water flow mathematical model to obtain multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters within the sampled river section; The method comprises: obtaining flow and water level information of various fish spawning grounds in a sampled river section, and using the flow and water level information as boundary conditions of a two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, and calculating water depth, flow velocity, gradient, width-to-depth ratio data of various fish spawning grounds in the sampled river section and corresponding flow conditions through the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model; The two-dimensional water flow mathematical model is verified using the hydrological characteristics of all fish spawning grounds obtained in step S1; after verification, multiple sets of continuous fish habitat parameters are calculated based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model for the river section around the ecological Shun Dam under various flow conditions, each set of fish habitat parameters including water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio; S3: Based on the multiple groups of fish habitat parameters obtained in step S2, frequency statistics are used to determine the fitness; The determination of suitability by frequency statistics includes: performing statistical analysis on multiple groups of continuous fish habitat parameters obtained by the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model in step S2 to obtain the suitability distribution of each group of fish habitat parameters in the river section near the Ecological Shun Dam; S4: Using water depth, flow velocity, gradient, and width-to-depth ratio as discriminant indicators, calculate and analyze the values ​​of each discriminant indicator under the optimal fitness; S5: determining a pseudo-planar layout scheme based on the values ​​of the discrimination indicators at the optimal fitness determined in step S4; This includes: preliminarily determining the plan layout of the ecological dam based on the river flow, and preliminarily determining the number and spacing of openings on the ecological dam based on the preset dam length and dam stability requirements; The location of the opening to be made on the ecological dam is determined based on the water depth and flow velocity at the optimal fitness; The size of the opening to be opened on the ecological dam is determined based on the gradient and width-to-depth ratio at the optimal fit; S6: Based on the proposed plan layout scheme in step S5, the suitability analysis of water depth, flow velocity and gradient is performed again until the requirements are met and the plan layout scheme is determined.

2. The method for ecological dam layout suitable for fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal fitness of each discrimination index is greater than 0.

5.

3. The method for ecological dam layout suitable for fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 specifically includes: Based on the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, the proposed opening positions in the proposed plan layout scheme determined in step S5 are analyzed within a preset time period and under various flow conditions to analyze whether the water depth, flow velocity and gradient meet the fitness requirements. If not, the opening positions and opening sizes are adjusted according to the width-to-depth ratio under the optimal fitness; The suitability analysis of water depth, flow rate and gradient of the adjusted opening is carried out again within the preset time period and under various flow conditions until the requirements are met to determine the final plane layout plan.

4. The method for ecological dam layout suitable for fish habitat according to claim 3, characterized in that: The openings on the ecological dam are through holes.

5. The method for ecological dam layout suitable for fish habitat according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The preset time period includes March to July; the flow conditions at each level include 4000m 3 / s、5000m 3 / s、6000m 3 / s、8000m 3 / s and 10000m 3 / s.

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