Crankshaft indexing adjustment device

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of crankshaft indexing adjusting device including fixing mechanism, coupling mechanism, transmission mechanism, indexing mechanism, the transmission mechanism is located in the lower end of the coupling mechanism, the indexing mechanism is located in the upper end of the coupling mechanism, the indexing adjusting device of the present application can be automatically adjusted according to the phase angle of the connecting rod neck shaft of crankshaft, and self-locking, simple structure, easy to manufacture, improve the indexing accuracy, reduce the possibility of error due to the low accuracy of the existing technology pinhole, suitable for various connecting rod shaft neck phase angle distribution of crankshaft processing, and can be quickly replaced between various different varieties of crankshafts to be processed, reduce the workload, improve the processing efficiency, simple operation, strong safety, strong practicality, suitable for large-scale popularization and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crankshaft manufacturing technology, specifically referring to a crankshaft indexing adjustment device. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, the crankshaft is the most important component of an engine. It bears the force transmitted from the connecting rods and converts it into torque, which is then output through the crankshaft to drive other accessories on the engine. Its structure and stress distribution are complex, and it bears a heavy workload. It generally consists of a main shaft, connecting rod journals, and cranks. The connecting rod journals are not aligned with the crankshaft's main shaft and are parallel to each other. The connecting rod journals are usually eccentrically distributed at a certain angle. Each connecting rod journal is equipped with a crank mechanism that swings back and forth to transmit power. Therefore, the more connecting rod journals on a crankshaft, the greater the power it transmits. To ensure the smooth operation of the engine, the phase angle distribution of the connecting rod journals on different crankshafts is typically 180°, 120°, 90°, 72°, 60°, or more. For example, the connecting rod journals on the crankshaft of a six-cylinder four-stroke engine are typically distributed at 120°, while those on the crankshaft of a four-cylinder engine are typically distributed at 180°. The higher the precision of the phase distribution, the better the performance and quality of the crankshaft. Conversely, if the indexing and positioning are inaccurate, the domestic standard requirement for indexing accuracy is generally ±15'. Exceeding this will cause the connecting rod journal center to misalign with the spindle rotation center, resulting in significant machining errors, such as out-of-roundness, or even rendering the crankshaft unusable. In existing technology, after machining the crankshaft connecting rod journal on a lathe and adjusting the eccentricity to complete one turn, the crankshaft needs to be indexed. There are two traditional structural methods: the first is to use an indexing plate to align the engraved lines. This method is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming but also makes it difficult to guarantee the required accuracy. The second method uses a pin shaft inserted into the positioning hole on the indexing plate to achieve crankshaft indexing. For example, existing technology CN201848726U discloses a special indexing device for machining the crankshaft crank shape, which uses the combination of the indexing plate body and the working plate body to produce the required... The indexing process uses pins inserted into indexing holes for indexing. The working disc is made to match the shape of the crankshaft being machined, making it easy to align the machined product's shape after indexing. This structure is complex, with many parts and high manufacturing costs. It requires high precision in the position of the pin holes on the indexing disc, as the positional accuracy of the pin holes directly affects the machining accuracy of the crankshaft. The indexing process is time-consuming and not suitable for mass production. Currently, the market needs crankshafts with small production volumes and many varieties, requiring a crankshaft indexing adjustment device that is easy to adjust, has accurate indexing positioning, and allows for quick product replacement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above problems, this invention provides a crankshaft indexing adjustment device that can automatically and appropriately adjust the phase angle of the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft and self-lock. It features a simple structure, ease of manufacturing, improved indexing accuracy, and reduced the possibility of errors caused by low pin hole precision in existing technologies. It is suitable for machining crankshafts with various connecting rod journal phase angle distributions and allows for quick switching between different types of crankshafts to be machined, reducing workload and improving processing efficiency. It is simple to operate, highly safe, practical, and suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a crankshaft indexing adjustment device, which includes a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and an indexing mechanism. The transmission mechanism is located at the lower end of the connecting mechanism, and the indexing mechanism is located at the upper end of the connecting mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a turntable bearing, a center positioning shaft, a circular ring washer, an end face circular ring washer, and a mounting chassis. The mounting chassis is mounted to a crankshaft processing equipment via the turntable bearing. The connecting mechanism includes a single-position clutch, which is divided into an upper clutch and a lower clutch. The upper and lower clutches can mesh together to form a connected unit. The transmission mechanism includes an indexing worm gear clutch cylinder, a first continuous spline shaft, a first ball spline worm, an indexing transmission worm wheel, and a second ball spline shaft. One end of the first continuous spline shaft is connected to a drive motor, and the other end is fitted with the first ball spline worm. One end of the second ball spline shaft is connected to the upper end of the piston rod of the indexing worm gear clutch cylinder, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower clutch. The indexing transmission worm wheel is fixed to the second ball spline shaft. On the outer periphery of the splined shaft, the indexing mechanism includes a connecting bearing, an indexing positioning gear, an indexing worm, an indexing worm fixing block, and an indexing worm wheel. The indexing worm wheel is disc-shaped, with a shim mounting boss formed on its front end face and a center positioning shaft mounting hole formed in its center. A central shaft protrudes from the front end of the mounting base. The indexing positioning gear is mounted on the central shaft via the connecting bearing and can rotate on the central shaft via the connecting bearing. The indexing worm wheel is mounted on the connecting bearing and is located in front of the indexing positioning gear. The annular washer is detachably mounted on the washer mounting boss. The center positioning shaft is mounted in the center positioning shaft mounting hole. The end face annular washer is detachably mounted on the front end face of the indexing worm gear. The lower end of the indexing worm is fixedly connected to the upper clutch. The center hole of the indexing worm fixing block is mounted on the outer periphery of the indexing worm through a ball bearing and is then detachably mounted on the mounting chassis. The indexing worm is located between the indexing positioning gear and the indexing worm gear, and meshes with both. This design is compact and can control the rotation angle of the indexing positioning gear and the indexing worm gear by controlling the rotation of the indexing worm, thereby automatically adjusting appropriately according to the phase angle of the connecting rod journal of different crankshafts and self-locking.

[0005] As a further improvement to the present invention, the connecting bearing and the indexing positioning gear are manufactured as a single unit, simplifying the structure of the entire device.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the indexing positioning gear has 60 teeth, and each rotation of one tooth corresponds to a 6° rotation. By controlling the number of teeth rotating on the indexing positioning gear, the indexing adjustment of the connecting rod journal of any equally divided crankshaft can be achieved.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the indexing worm gear incorporates a ball spline. This design is intended to counteract the effects of eccentricity adjustment, thereby ensuring indexing accuracy.

[0008] As a further improvement to the present invention, the end-face annular washer and the annular gasket are manufactured as a single unit, simplifying the structure of the entire device.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the detachable installation method is bolt installation, which facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

[0010] The crankshaft indexing adjustment device of this application has the following advantages: 1) The first-position clutch of this invention can only be engaged in the 360° direction when rotated to below the center positioning shaft, so that indexing adjustment can be performed. When the indexing worm gear clutch cylinder returns to its original position, the upper and lower clutches of the first-position clutch disengage, realizing that the rotation of the machine tool spindle does not interfere with the operation.

[0011] 2) The indexing adjustment device of the present invention can automatically adjust the angle of the crankshaft or connecting rod journal to be processed within a certain range and self-lock, saving time and effort, reducing the error caused by the pin hole in the prior art, greatly improving production efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs;

[0012] 3) The indexing worm gear of the present invention meshes with both the indexing positioning gear and the indexing worm wheel, so that when the clutch in the first position is disengaged, the entire indexing adjustment device self-locks, which greatly shortens the overall machining time of the crankshaft, improves machining efficiency, and is convenient and quick.

[0013] 4) This invention can be symmetrically installed at both ends of the crankshaft to be processed, sharing a drive motor and a first continuous spline shaft. No manual adjustment is required during the entire processing, and the indexing adjustment process is automatically and smoothly realized, and the balance is automatically achieved.

[0014] In summary, the crankshaft indexing adjustment device of this application is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, easy to install, convenient to use, and flexible and quick to adjust. It effectively shortens the crankshaft processing cycle, reduces manufacturing costs, and improves overall operating efficiency. It is suitable for the indexing adjustment needs of any eccentric crankshaft during processing and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crankshaft indexing adjustment device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposition process;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the indexing adjustment of the present invention after it has been installed on a crankshaft machining equipment;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of adjusting the connecting rod journal of a five-divided multi-turn crankshaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Part name

[0020] 103. Turntable bearing; 104. Center positioning shaft; 105. Circular ring washer; 106. End face circular ring washer; 209. Mounting chassis; 201. First position clutch; 2011. Upper clutch; 2012. Lower clutch; 309. Indexing worm gear clutch cylinder; 301. First continuous spline shaft; 302. First ball spline worm; 303. Indexing transmission worm wheel; 304. Second ball spline shaft; 305. Connecting bearing; 308. Indexing positioning gear; 306. Indexing worm; 3061. Indexing worm fixing block; 307. Indexing worm wheel; 3071. Shim mounting boss; 3072. Center positioning shaft mounting hole; X. Horizontal axis of machine tool spindle; 7. Crankshaft; 701. Connecting rod journal; 702. Crankshaft main shaft; Y. Horizontal axis of connecting rod journal; 4. Support platform. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a crankshaft indexing adjustment device, which includes a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and an indexing mechanism. The transmission mechanism is located at the lower end of the connecting mechanism, and the indexing mechanism is located at the upper end of the connecting mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a turntable bearing 103, a center positioning shaft 104, a circular ring washer 105, an end face circular ring washer 106, and a mounting base 209. The mounting base 209 is mounted to the crankshaft processing equipment through the turntable bearing 103.

[0022] The center positioning shaft 104 is used to fix the crankshaft main shaft 702 at both ends of the crankshaft 7. The connecting mechanism includes a single-position clutch 201, which is divided into an upper clutch 2011 and a lower clutch 2012. The upper clutch 2011 and the lower clutch 2012 can mesh with each other to form a connecting unit. The transmission mechanism includes an indexing worm gear clutch cylinder 309, a first continuous spline shaft 301, a first ball spline worm 302, an indexing transmission worm gear 303, and a second ball spline shaft 304. One end of the first continuous spline shaft 301 is connected to a drive motor. The machine has a first ball spline worm gear 302 installed at one end. One end of the second ball spline shaft 304 is connected to the upper end of the piston rod of the indexing worm gear clutch cylinder 309, and the other end is fixed to the lower clutch 2012. The indexing transmission worm gear 303 is fixed on the outer periphery of the second ball spline shaft 304. The indexing mechanism includes a connecting bearing 305, an indexing positioning gear 308, an indexing worm gear 306, an indexing worm gear fixing block 3061, and an indexing worm wheel 307. The indexing worm wheel 307 is disc-shaped, and a gasket mounting boss 3 is formed on the front end face. 071, a center positioning shaft mounting hole 3072 is formed in the center, a center shaft 2091 protrudes from the front end of the mounting base 209, the indexing positioning gear 308 is mounted on the center shaft 2091 through the connecting bearing 305, and can rotate on the center shaft 2091 through the connecting bearing 305, the indexing worm gear 307 is mounted on the connecting bearing 305 and is located in front of the indexing positioning gear 308, the annular washer 105 is detachably mounted on the washer mounting boss 3071, and the center positioning shaft 10 4. Installed in the mounting hole 3072 of the center positioning shaft, the end face annular washer 106 is detachably installed on the front end face of the indexing worm gear 307, the lower end of the indexing worm 306 is fixedly connected to the upper clutch 2011, the center hole of the indexing worm fixing block 3061 is installed on the outer periphery of the indexing worm 306 through a ball bearing and is then detachably installed on the mounting base 209, the indexing worm 306 is located between the indexing positioning gear 308 and the indexing worm gear 307, and meshes with both the indexing positioning gear 308 and the indexing worm gear 307.

[0023] During indexing adjustment, when the upper clutch 2011 rotates to below the center positioning shaft 104, the machine tool spindle stops rotating. The indexing worm gear clutch cylinder 309 is vented, pushing the piston rod out, so that the lower clutch 2012 at the upper end of the second ball spline shaft 304 and the upper clutch 2011 at the lower end of the indexing worm 306 are engaged. The drive motor drives the transmission of power to the first continuous spline shaft 301, the first ball spline worm 302, and the indexing transmission worm gear in sequence. 303. The second ball spline shaft 304 drives the indexing worm gear 306 to rotate, which in turn drives the indexing positioning gear 308 and the indexing worm wheel 307 to rotate around the central shaft 2091. This adjusts the crankshaft mounted on the center positioning shaft 104 until the horizontal axis Y of the connecting rod journal to be processed is aligned vertically with the axis X of the machine tool spindle. Then, the indexing worm wheel clutch cylinder 309 returns to its original position, retracts the piston rod, disengages the lower clutch 2012 and the upper clutch 2011, stops the indexing worm gear 306 from rotating, the indexing positioning gear 308 self-locks, and the machine tool spindle continues to rotate to perform the next processing step on the connecting rod journal to be processed on the crankshaft.

[0024] The connecting bearing 305 and the indexing and positioning gear 308 are manufactured as a single unit. This simplifies the overall mechanism of the device and makes the structure more compact.

[0025] The indexing and positioning gear 308 has 60 teeth, and rotates 1 tooth at a time of 6°.

[0026] Rotating 30 teeth results in a 180° division into two equal parts, while rotating 20 teeth results in a 120° division into three equal parts.

[0027] Rotating 15 teeth results in a 90° division into four equal parts.

[0028] Rotating the 12th tooth will achieve a 72° division into 5 equal parts.

[0029] Rotating 10 teeth results in a 60° division into 6 equal parts.

[0030] The indexing worm gear 306 has a built-in ball spline. This design is to counteract the effects of eccentricity adjustment, thereby ensuring indexing accuracy.

[0031] The end face annular washer 106 and the annular washer 105 are manufactured as a single unit, simplifying the installation components of the entire device and making installation and disassembly faster.

[0032] The detachable installation method is bolt installation, which facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

[0033] like Figure 3The diagram shows the crankshaft indexing adjustment device of the present invention installed on the support table 4 of the crankshaft machining equipment for indexing adjustment. The crankshaft spindle 702 of the crankshaft 7 is installed on the center positioning shaft 104. A connecting rod journal 701 to be machined is in position b after eccentricity adjustment. The horizontal axis Y of the connecting rod journal overlaps with the horizontal axis X of the machine tool spindle, and they are on a straight line. After machining, the machine tool spindle stops rotating. When the throttling device is in operation, the first clutch 201 engages, causing the indexing worm gear 306 to rotate, which in turn drives the indexing positioning gear 308 and the indexing worm wheel 307 to rotate. This rotates the connecting rod journal 701, which is in position a, to be machined, to position b. After eccentric adjustment, the horizontal axis Y of the connecting rod journal overlaps with the horizontal axis X of the machine tool spindle, and they are on a straight line. The machine tool spindle continues to rotate, and the cutting tool machine the connecting rod journal 701 in position b. This device automatically repeats the above operations until all the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft are machined.

[0034] like Figure 4 The diagram shows an embodiment of the indexing adjustment of the present invention when machining a five-divided multi-turn crankshaft. When machining a five-divided multi-turn crankshaft, the indexing adjustment requires a rotation angle θ = 72°, which means that the indexing positioning gear 308 with 12 teeth needs to be rotated.

[0035] All detachable installation methods in this invention are bolt installations, which facilitate disassembly and maintenance.

[0036] The crankshaft indexing adjustment device of this application has the following advantages:

[0037] 1) The clutch of this invention can only be engaged in the 360° direction when rotated below the center positioning shaft, allowing for indexing adjustment. When the indexing worm gear clutch cylinder 309 returns to its original position, the upper and lower clutches of the clutch disengage, achieving non-interference in the rotation of the machine tool spindle. During the next indexing, the corresponding angle can be adjusted directly from the memory position, shortening the crankshaft machining cycle and improving indexing efficiency and overall machining efficiency.

[0038] 2) The indexing adjustment device of the present invention can automatically adjust the angle of the crankshaft or connecting rod journal to be processed within a certain range and self-lock, saving time and effort, reducing the error caused by the pin hole in the prior art, greatly improving production efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs;

[0039] 3) The indexing worm 306 of the present invention meshes with the indexing positioning gear 308 and the indexing worm wheel 307. When the entire device is running, it is automatically balanced, and when the first clutch 201 is disengaged, the indexing worm 306 stops rotating, making the entire indexing adjustment device self-locking, which greatly shortens the entire processing time of the crankshaft, improves processing efficiency, and is convenient and fast.

[0040] 4) The present invention can be symmetrically installed at both ends of the crankshaft to be processed, sharing a drive motor and a first through-length spline shaft 301. No manual adjustment is required during the entire processing, and the indexing adjustment process is automatically and smoothly realized, and the balance is automatically achieved.

[0041] In summary, the crankshaft indexing adjustment device of this application is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, easy to install, convenient to use, and flexible and quick to adjust. It effectively shortens the crankshaft processing cycle, reduces manufacturing costs, and improves overall operating efficiency. It is suitable for the indexing adjustment needs of any eccentric crankshaft during processing and has broad application prospects.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any modifications or equivalent changes made based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft indexing adjustment device, characterized in that, The crankshaft indexing adjustment device includes a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and an indexing mechanism. The transmission mechanism is located at the lower end of the connecting mechanism, and the indexing mechanism is located at the upper end of the connecting mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a turntable bearing (103), a center positioning shaft (104), a circular ring washer (105), an end face circular ring washer (106), and a mounting base (209). The mounting base (209) is mounted to the crankshaft processing equipment via the turntable bearing (103). The connecting mechanism includes a single-position clutch (201), which is divided into an upper clutch (2011) and a lower clutch (2012). The upper clutch (2011) and the lower clutch (2012) can engage with each other to form a connecting unit. The transmission mechanism includes an indexing worm gear clutch cylinder (309), a first continuous spline shaft (301), a first ball spline worm (302), an indexing transmission worm wheel (303), and a second ball spline shaft (304). One end of the first continuous spline shaft (301) is connected to a drive motor, and the other end is fitted with the first ball spline worm (302). One end of the second ball spline shaft (304) is connected to the upper end of the piston rod of the indexing worm gear clutch cylinder (309), and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower clutch (2012). The indexing transmission worm wheel (303) is fixed on the outer circumference of the second ball spline shaft (304). The indexing mechanism includes a connecting bearing (305), an indexing positioning gear (308), an indexing worm (306), an indexing worm fixing block (3061), and an indexing worm wheel (307). The indexing worm wheel (307) is disc-shaped, with a gasket mounting boss (3071) formed on its front end face and a center positioning shaft mounting hole (3072) formed in its center. A central shaft (2091) protrudes from the front end of the mounting base (209). The indexing positioning gear (308) is mounted on the central shaft (2091) via the connecting bearing (305) and can rotate on the central shaft (2091) via the connecting bearing (305). The indexing worm wheel (307) is mounted on the connecting bearing (305) and is located on the indexing positioning gear (308). In front of the indexing worm gear, the annular washer (105) is detachably mounted on the washer mounting boss (3071), the center positioning shaft (104) is mounted in the center positioning shaft mounting hole (3072), the end face annular washer (106) is detachably mounted on the front end face of the indexing worm gear (307), the lower end of the indexing worm (306) is fixedly connected to the upper clutch (2011), the center hole of the indexing worm fixing block (3061) is mounted on the outer periphery of the indexing worm (306) through a ball bearing and then detachably mounted on the mounting chassis (209). The indexing worm (306) is located between the indexing positioning gear (308) and the indexing worm gear (307) and meshes with both the indexing positioning gear (308) and the indexing worm gear (307).

2. The crankshaft indexing adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting bearing (305) and the indexing positioning gear (308) are manufactured as a single unit.

3. The crankshaft indexing adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The indexing positioning gear (308) has 60 teeth, and rotates 1 tooth at a time of 6°.

4. The crankshaft indexing adjustment device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The indexing worm gear (306) has a built-in ball spline.

5. A crankshaft indexing adjustment device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end face annular washer (106) and the annular washer (105) are manufactured as a single unit.

6. The crankshaft indexing adjustment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detachable installation method is bolt installation.

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