A resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, a preparation method thereof, and a circularly polarized antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, a preparation method thereof and a circularly polarized antenna. Liquid crystal is encapsulated by a first substrate and a second substrate in the resonant unit, a ground electrode, a planar electrode on the second substrate and a waveguide medium therebetween form a planar waveguide, when the antenna is working, a feed source is fed from the planar waveguide, radiation energy generates the feeding of the resonant unit through the slots etched on the planar electrode, two centrally symmetrical spiral line patterns generate circularly polarized radiation rotating with self-generated current, the planar electrode and the patch electrode form a resonant structure and the loaded electric field controls the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, changes the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, adjusts the resonant frequency of the upper radiation patch, realizes the opening and closing of the radiation energy, and realizes the beam scanning function of the antenna by regulating the radiation intensity of the resonant unit. Through the resonant unit structure proposed in the invention, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the high gain and low axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microwave radio frequency devices, and in particular to a resonance unit of a circularly polarized antenna, a preparation method thereof, and a circularly polarized antenna. Background Art

[0002] The polarization of an antenna usually refers to the direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna, that is, the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave remains unchanged, but the direction changes with time, and the motion trajectory of the end of the time-varying electric field vector is projected on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Depending on the shape of the projection, antennas can be divided into linear polarization, elliptical polarization, and circular polarization.

[0003] Circularly polarized antennas have a smaller Faraday rotation effect than linearly polarized antennas and are extremely effective in suppressing rain and fog interference and resisting multipath reflection. Therefore, circularly polarized waves are often used as navigation signals in satellite navigation and positioning systems.

[0004] The circular polarization performance of the planar spiral antenna is good, and the gain and input impedance are very stable in the entire frequency band. It stands out among various non-frequency-variable antennas and becomes one of the most commonly used antennas in ultra-wideband systems. The aperture size of the Archimedean spiral antenna is determined by the lower sideband of the operating frequency band. When the operating frequency is very low, the size of the antenna will become very large. Therefore, in some applications where there are restrictions on the size of the antenna, it is one of the important tasks of the designer to miniaturize the structure of the antenna while maintaining the good performance of the planar spiral antenna. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a resonance unit of a circularly polarized antenna, a preparation method thereof and a circularly polarized antenna, so as to reduce the size of the circularly polarized antenna and achieve high gain and low axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0006] A resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, a patch electrode located on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and a planar electrode located on a side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer;

[0007] The planar electrode has a groove, and the patch electrode has two independent spiral line patterns with the same rotation center, and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns are centrally symmetrical about the rotation center.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the patch electrode is an axisymmetric figure, and the spiral line pattern is a spiral line-shaped gap.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in the resonance unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the rotation center of the spiral-shaped gap coincides with the center of the axisymmetric figure.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the spiral line pattern is a spiral line electrode.

[0011] In a possible implementation, in the resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the width of a spiral arm of the spiral pattern is consistent with the width of a gap between adjacent spiral arms.

[0012] In a possible implementation, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the length of the spiral arm of the spiral pattern is inversely proportional to the resonance frequency of the resonance unit.

[0013] In a possible implementation, in the resonance unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the outermost diameters of the two spiral line patterns are larger than the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the resonance unit divided by π.

[0014] In a possible implementation, in the resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the rotation center of the spiral line pattern and the orthographic projection of the center point of the slot on the second substrate coincide with each other.

[0015] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the above-mentioned resonance unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, a grounding electrode located on the side of the second substrate of the resonance unit away from the first substrate, and a waveguide medium filled between the grounding electrode and the second substrate.

[0016] In a possible implementation, in the circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple resonance units arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner, in the circularly polarized antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide medium includes at least one dielectric layer.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, in the circularly polarized antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide medium includes an air layer.

[0019] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, comprising:

[0020] Forming a patch electrode on the first substrate, the patch electrode having two independent spiral line patterns with the same rotation center, and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns are centrally symmetric about the rotation center;

[0021] forming a planar electrode on the second substrate, and forming a groove on the planar electrode;

[0022] The side of the first substrate with the patch electrode and the side of the second substrate with the planar electrode are aligned and then liquid crystal is poured into the cells to form the resonance unit.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The resonant unit of the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the circularly polarized antenna, the liquid crystal is encapsulated by the first substrate and the second substrate in the resonant unit, the ground electrode, the planar electrode on the second substrate and the waveguide medium therebetween constitute a planar waveguide, when the antenna is working, the feed source is fed from the planar waveguide, the radiation energy generates the feeding of the resonant unit through the slots etched on the planar electrode, the two centrally symmetrical spiral line patterns can generate circularly polarized radiation rotating with self-generated current, the planar electrode and the patch electrode constitute a resonant structure and the loaded electric field can control the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the upper radiation patch, realize the on and off of the radiation energy, and realize the beam scanning function of the array antenna by regulating the radiation intensity of the resonant unit. Through the resonant unit structure proposed in the present invention, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the high gain and low axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna are achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a patch electrode in a resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the patch electrode in the resonance unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the relative position relationship between the patch electrode and the slot in the resonance unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a resonance unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a top view structure of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of a top view of the circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of traveling wave transmission in a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. And in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "include" or "comprise" and the like used in the present invention mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects.

[0036] It should be noted that the sizes and shapes of the figures in the accompanying drawings do not reflect the actual proportions, but are only intended to illustrate the content of the present invention. The same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions.

[0037] A resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer 3 located between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, a patch electrode 4 located on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the liquid crystal layer 3, and a planar electrode 5 located on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the liquid crystal layer 3; wherein the planar electrode 5 has a groove 51, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the patch electrode 4 has two independent spiral line patterns 4 a and 4 b with the same rotation center 41 , and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns 4 a and 4 b are centrally symmetrical about the rotation center 41 .

[0038] Specifically, in the resonance unit of the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are used to encapsulate liquid crystal, and the radiation energy is fed to the resonance unit through the slot 51 on the planar electrode 5, and the two centrally symmetrical spiral line patterns 4a and 4b can generate circularly polarized radiation rotating with self-generated current; the planar electrode 5 and the patch electrode 4 constitute a resonance structure and the loaded electric field can control the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, so as to adjust the resonance frequency of the upper radiation patch, realize the on and off of the radiation energy, and realize the beam scanning function of the array antenna by regulating the radiation intensity of the resonance unit. Through the resonance unit structure proposed in the present invention, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the high gain and low axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna are achieved.

[0039] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the two spiral patterns 4a and 4b can be specifically a left-handed Archimedean spiral and a right-handed Archimedean spiral on the plane where the patch electrode 4 is located. The two Archimedean spirals start from the same rotation center 41 and rotate counterclockwise and clockwise respectively. Specifically, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the spiral angle of the Archimedean spiral, that is, the spiral arm length of the spiral patterns 4a and 4b. Specifically, the spiral arm length of the spiral patterns 4a and 4b has an inverse relationship with the resonant frequency of the resonant unit.

[0040] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the outermost diameter D of the two spiral patterns 4a and 4b should be at least greater than the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the resonant unit divided by π. Specifically, the starting point of the same Archimedean spiral can be located on the same side of the rotation center 41, and the starting point and the end point of the two Archimedean spirals can be located on the same extension line. In this case, the outermost diameter D of the two spiral patterns 4a and 4b can be considered as the distance between the end points of the two Archimedean spirals, which is greater than the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency divided by π.

[0041] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the helical arm width a of the helical patterns 4a and 4b is generally consistent with the width b of the gap between adjacent helical arms. Specifically, in order to make the antenna have good impedance characteristics in a wide frequency band, the helical arm width a should be consistent with the gap width b.

[0042] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2As shown, the shape of the patch electrode 4, that is, the outermost edge can be an axisymmetric figure, for example, it can be a rectangle or a circle, and the spiral patterns 4a and 4b can be spiral line gaps etched on the patch electrode, that is, a slit design is performed on the sheet-like patch electrode 4 to realize the circularly polarized radiation of the resonant unit, and the function of the sheet-like patch electrode 4 is to serve as the upper electrode for liquid crystal tuning.

[0043] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the rotation center 41 of the spiral gap generally coincides with the center of the patch electrode 4 (i.e., the axially symmetrical figure). For example, when the outer contour of the patch electrode 4 is a circle, the rotation center 41 of the spiral gap coincides with the center of the circle; or when the outer contour of the patch electrode 4 is a rectangle, the rotation center 41 of the spiral gap coincides with the center of the rectangle.

[0044] Alternatively, optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 As shown, the spiral patterns 4a and 4b can also be spiral electrodes, that is, the rectangular or circular patches can be replaced by spiral electrode patches. The spiral electrodes act as the upper electrodes for liquid crystal tuning and realize the circular polarization radiation of the resonant unit. It is worth noting that in order to achieve the same resonant frequency of the resonant unit, Figure 3 The spiral electrode and Figure 2 The spiral-shaped gaps shown should be complementary patterns.

[0045] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the rotation center 41 of the spiral pattern 4a and 4b and the center point 5a of the slot 51 can overlap each other in the orthographic projection on the second substrate 2. Specifically, the slot 51 on the planar electrode 5 is generally in the shape of a long strip, such as a rectangle, a butterfly or a dumbbell, etc. The slot length of the long strip slot 51 is related to the wavelength of the resonant frequency point. The longer the slot length, the longer the wavelength. The orthographic projection of the outer contour pattern of the patch electrode 4 on the second substrate 2 can completely cover the slot 51, or it can cover part of the slot 51, which is not limited here.

[0046] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a driving line may be provided between the first substrate 1 and the patch electrode 4 and between the second substrate 2 and the planar electrode 5. The driving line may be made of a transparent conductive material and is used to provide electrical signals to the patch electrode 4 and the planar electrode 5. In the subsequent simulation and actual measurement process, it is confirmed that the driving line has a certain deteriorating effect on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Therefore, when designing, the driving line should avoid the position of the spiral pattern in the slot 51 and the patch electrode 4 to reduce the influence.

[0047] Optionally, in the resonance unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a support column is generally provided between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, so as to better achieve uniformity of the thickness of the liquid crystal box and ensure the thickness of the liquid crystal box. In addition, the support column should avoid the position of the slot 51 and the patch electrode 4 during the design process to avoid the support column affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0048] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing a resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, such as Figure 5 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0049] S1. Form a patch electrode on a first substrate, wherein the patch electrode has two independent spiral line patterns with the same rotation center, and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns are centrally symmetric about the rotation center.

[0050] Specifically, the patch electrode can be formed of low-resistance, low-loss metals such as copper, gold, and silver, and can be prepared by magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, electroplating, etc. The first substrate can be a commonly used PCB insulating sheet such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber pressboard, phenolic paper laminate, phenolic glass cloth laminate, or a hard material with low microwave loss such as quartz and glass, with a thickness of 100 microns to 10 mm.

[0051] S2. Form a planar electrode on the second substrate, and form grooves on the planar electrode.

[0052] Specifically, the planar electrode can be formed of low-resistance and low-loss metals such as copper, gold, and silver, and can be prepared by magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, electroplating, etc. The second substrate can be a commonly used PCB insulating plate such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber pressboard, phenolic paper laminate, phenolic glass cloth laminate, or a hard material with low microwave loss such as quartz and glass, with a thickness of 100 microns to 10 mm.

[0053] S3, aligning the side of the first substrate with the patch electrode and the side of the second substrate with the planar electrode, and then pouring liquid crystal into them to form a resonance unit.

[0054] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a circularly polarized antenna. Since the principle of solving the problem by the circularly polarized antenna is similar to the resonant unit of the aforementioned circularly polarized antenna, the implementation of the circularly polarized antenna can refer to the implementation of the resonant unit, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0055] Specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, such as Figure 6As shown, it includes: the above-mentioned resonance unit 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the ground electrode 200 located on the side of the second substrate 2 of the resonance unit 100 away from the first substrate 1, and the waveguide medium 300 filled between the ground electrode 200 and the second substrate 2. Among them, the ground electrode 200, the planar electrode 5 on the second substrate 2 and the waveguide medium 300 constitute a planar waveguide. When the antenna is working, the feed source is fed from the planar waveguide, and the feeding of the resonance unit 100 is generated through the slot 51 etched on the planar electrode 5, and the circular polarization radiation of the resonance unit 100 is realized through the patch electrode 4 with a spiral pattern.

[0056] Specifically, in view of the problem that it is difficult to balance the axial ratio bandwidth and the external dimensions in the design of broadband circularly polarized array antennas, the present invention proposes a broadband circularly polarized array antenna based on slot-coupled feeding. Based on the traditional planar Archimedean spiral antenna, the circularly polarized antenna performs resistance loading on the spiral antenna arm to reduce the reflected current at the antenna arm terminal, thereby improving the low-frequency characteristics of the resonant unit. The feeding of the circularly polarized antenna is achieved by slot coupling on the wide side of the planar waveguide. For arrays using metal waveguide coupled feeding, the polarization mode of the antenna is mainly determined by the transmission mode of the metal waveguide, resulting in certain limitations in application. The planar waveguide slot-coupled feeding not only inherits the high efficiency and low loss characteristics of the metal waveguide, but also has a lower profile and lower processing cost, and has more advantages than the metal waveguide coupled feeding.

[0057] Optionally, in the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, there may be multiple resonant units 100, and the multiple resonant units 100 may respectively share a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, a liquid crystal layer 3 and a planar electrode 5, that is, after forming a patch electrode 4 corresponding to each resonant unit 100 on a whole first substrate 1, and forming a planar electrode 5 on a whole second substrate 2, a groove 51 corresponding to each resonant unit 100 is etched on the planar electrode 5, and then the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are aligned and filled with liquid crystal to form a circularly polarized antenna. Specifically, as Figure 7 As shown, the resonant units 100 can be arranged in a one-dimensional array, that is, the resonant units 100 can be arranged along the extension direction of the planar waveguide, or as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the resonance units 100 may also be arranged in a two-dimensional array, that is, the resonance units 100 may also be arranged along the extension direction of the planar waveguide and in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction.

[0058] Optionally, in the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 As shown, a feeding port can be set at one end of the planar waveguide along the extension direction, the excitation enters the circularly polarized antenna through the feeding port, and a matching load is added to the terminal in the extension direction of the planar waveguide to achieve traveling wave transmission. The extension direction of the slot 51 can be at any angle to the feeding direction in the planar waveguide, that is, the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave.

[0059] Optionally, in the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 As shown, the waveguide medium 300 may include at least one dielectric layer 310. The dielectric layer 310 may be made of FR4, Rogers 4350B dielectric substrate, etc. The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 310 is relatively large to achieve slow wave transmission.

[0060] Optionally, in the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 As shown, the waveguide medium 300 may further include an air layer 320 , and the air layer 320 may be made of foam to achieve its function.

[0061] The resonant unit of the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the circularly polarized antenna, the liquid crystal is encapsulated by the first substrate and the second substrate in the resonant unit, the ground electrode, the planar electrode on the second substrate and the waveguide medium therebetween constitute a planar waveguide, when the antenna is working, the feed source is fed from the planar waveguide, the radiation energy generates the feeding of the resonant unit through the slots etched on the planar electrode, the two centrally symmetrical spiral line patterns can generate circularly polarized radiation rotating with self-generated current, the planar electrode and the patch electrode constitute a resonant structure and the loaded electric field can control the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the upper radiation patch, realize the on and off of the radiation energy, that is, realize the beam scanning function of the radiation energy. Through the resonant unit structure proposed in the present invention, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the high gain and low axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna are achieved.

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: include: A first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, a patch electrode located on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and a planar electrode located on a side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; The planar electrode has a groove, and the patch electrode has two independent spiral line patterns with the same rotation center, and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns are centrally symmetrical about the rotation center.

2. The resonance unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The patch electrode is in the shape of an axisymmetric figure, and the spiral line pattern is a spiral line-shaped gap.

3. The resonance unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation center of the spiral-shaped gap coincides with the center of the axisymmetric figure.

4. The resonance unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral line pattern is a spiral line electrode.

5. The resonance unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The width of the spiral arms of the spiral pattern is consistent with the width of the gaps between adjacent spiral arms.

6. The resonance unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The length of the spiral arm of the spiral pattern is inversely proportional to the resonant frequency of the resonant unit.

7. The resonance unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outermost diameters of the two spiral line patterns are larger than the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the resonance unit divided by π.

8. The resonance unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rotation center of the spiral line pattern and the orthographic projection of the center point of the groove on the second substrate coincide with each other.

9. A circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: include: The resonance unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a ground electrode located on a side of the second substrate of the resonance unit facing away from the first substrate, and a waveguide medium filled between the ground electrode and the second substrate.

10. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The resonance units are multiple and arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array.

11. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The waveguide medium includes at least one dielectric layer.

12. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that: The waveguide medium includes an air layer.

13. A method for preparing a resonant unit of a circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: include: Forming a patch electrode on the first substrate, the patch electrode having two independent spiral line patterns with the same rotation center, and the shapes of the two spiral line patterns are centrally symmetrical about the rotation center; forming a planar electrode on the second substrate, and forming a groove on the planar electrode; The side of the first substrate with the patch electrode and the side of the second substrate with the planar electrode are aligned and then liquid crystal is poured into the cells to form the resonance unit.

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