A resonant unit and antenna structure

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and specifically discloses a resonant unit and an antenna structure. The resonant unit comprises a plurality of sub-resonant units distributed in a periodic array, the sub-resonant unit comprising at least one resonant structure, the resonant structure comprising: a first insulating layer; a first conductive layer located on one side of the first insulating layer; wherein the first conductive layer comprises: a first resonant electrode comprising a first opening; a second resonant electrode located in the first resonant electrode, the second resonant electrode comprising at least one second opening, and the second opening being open towards the closed part of the first resonant electrode. The resonant unit formed in this way has a near-zero refractive index, so that by covering the resonant unit formed in the present disclosure above the antenna, electromagnetic waves can be effectively converged, the directivity and gain of the antenna can be improved, and the bandwidth of the antenna can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a resonant unit and antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of 5G mobile communication technology, the requirements for antennas are becoming increasingly functional, typically requiring antennas to simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, low profile, small size, and high gain. Commonly used broadband antennas, such as slot antennas, have low directional accuracy and are approximately omnidirectional, therefore most cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of wide bandwidth and high gain. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a resonant unit and antenna structure.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a resonant unit is provided, comprising a plurality of sub-resonant units arranged in a periodic array, each sub-resonant unit including at least one resonant structure, the resonant structure including: a first insulating layer; a first conductive layer located on one side of the first insulating layer; wherein the first conductive layer includes: a first resonant electrode arranged in a ring, the first resonant electrode including a first opening; a second resonant electrode arranged in a ring and located within the first resonant electrode, the second resonant electrode including at least one second opening, the second opening being open toward a closed portion of the first resonant electrode.

[0005] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, both the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are triangular; the first opening is located on one side of the first resonant electrode, and the second opening is open toward the closed side of the first resonant electrode.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, each side of the first resonant electrode is adjacent to one side of the second resonant electrode, and the side where the first opening is located is adjacent to the closed side of the second resonant electrode; there are two second openings, and the two second openings are located on different sides of the second resonant electrode.

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, both the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are equilateral triangles, the center of the second resonant electrode coincides with the center of the first resonant electrode, and each side of the second resonant electrode is parallel to the side of the first resonant electrode adjacent to it.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the resonant structure further includes: a second insulating layer located on the side of the first insulating layer opposite to the first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer located on the side of the second insulating layer opposite to the first insulating layer, wherein the orthographic projection of the second conductive layer onto the first insulating layer partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first resonant electrode onto the first insulating layer.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the second conductive layer includes a metal wire whose orthographic projection on the first insulating layer extends along a first direction and intersects at least the orthographic projections of the two closed sides of the first resonant electrode on the first insulating layer, the first direction being parallel to the side where the first opening is located.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the metal wire is located on the side of the centerline of the second resonant electrode away from the first opening.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the center of the first resonant electrode does not coincide with the center of the second resonant electrode; and / or, the first resonant electrode and / or the second resonant electrode are non-equilateral triangles; and / or, the side of the first resonant electrode is not parallel to the side of the second resonant electrode.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the second opening is one; wherein each apex of the second resonant electrode faces one side of the first resonant electrode, the first resonant electrode includes a first side with a first opening, the first apex of the second resonant electrode faces the first side, and the second opening is located on the side opposite the first apex.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, both the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are equilateral triangles, the center of the second resonant electrode coincides with the center of the first resonant electrode, and the first side is parallel to the opposite side of the second opening.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the center of the first resonant electrode does not coincide with the center of the second resonant electrode; and / or, the first resonant electrode and / or the second resonant electrode are non-equilateral triangles; and / or, the extension line of the first side intersects with the extension line of the opposite side of the second opening.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the sub-resonant unit includes two resonant structures stacked together, and the first insulating layer of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonant unit is adjacent to the first conductive layer of the other resonant structure.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the sub-resonant unit includes two resonant structures stacked together, and the first insulating layer of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonant unit is adjacent to the first insulating layer of the other resonant structure.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the opening directions of the first opening are the same.

[0018] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an antenna structure is also provided, comprising: an antenna element; a resonant layer located on one side of the antenna element, the resonant layer comprising the resonant element according to any one of claims 1-11; and an isolation layer located between the antenna element and the resonant layer for electrically isolating the resonant layer from the antenna element.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the thickness of the isolation layer is λ / 10 to λ / 8, where λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna element's operating frequency band.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the insulating layer includes a foam layer.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the isolation layer includes a plurality of isolation pillars, which are spaced apart and electrically insulated from each other.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the antenna element is a triangular slot antenna, which includes: a substrate layer that is electrically insulating; a radiating patch layer located on one side of the substrate layer; and a ground layer located on the side of the substrate layer opposite to the radiating patch layer. The ground layer includes a slot located in its middle, and the slot penetrates the ground layer.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the resonant structure further includes a square insulating structure located in the first insulating layer, and the orthographic projection of the first resonant electrode in the first insulating layer is located within the insulating structure, wherein the side length of the insulating structure is λ / 6 to λ / 5, and λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna element.

[0024] The resonant unit provided in this disclosure includes a resonant structure, which includes a first insulating layer and a first conductive layer. The first conductive layer includes two nested resonant electrodes. The first opening of the outer resonant electrode is open towards the closed portion of the inner resonant electrode, and the second opening of the inner resonant electrode is open towards the closed portion of the outer resonant electrode. The resulting resonant structure can be matched to the operating frequency of the antenna. The resulting resonant unit has a near-zero refractive index. By covering the antenna with the resonant unit formed in this disclosure, electromagnetic waves can be effectively focused, thereby improving the directivity and gain of the antenna and increasing its bandwidth.

[0025] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top view of a resonant unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partially enlarged view of the resonant structure in the neutron resonator unit;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the resonant structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the resonant structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 6a A cross-sectional view of a bilayer sub-resonant unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 6b A cross-sectional view of a bilayer sub-resonant unit according to another embodiment of this disclosure;

[0034] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of the TRI_SRR structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 7bThis is a schematic diagram of the TRI_SRR structure according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7c This is a schematic diagram of the TRI_SRR structure according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8a The image shows a simulation diagram of the S-parameter amplitude-frequency response of a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR structure according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 8b The figure shows the simulation diagram of the S-parameter phase frequency characteristics of a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 8c This is a graph showing the change in complex refractive index as a function of frequency for a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR structure according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 9a This is a top view of a resonant unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 9b for Figure 9a A partially enlarged view of the resonant structure in the neutron resonator unit;

[0042] Figure 9c for Figure 9a A cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0043] Figure 10a The above is a simulation diagram of the S-parameter amplitude-frequency response of a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR_WIRE structure according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 10b The figure shows a simulation diagram of the S-parameter phase frequency characteristics of a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR_WIRE structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 10c This is a graph showing the change in complex refractive index as a function of frequency for a resonant unit based on a TRI_SRR_WIRE structure according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of a two-layer TRI_SRR_Wire structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 12a This is a top view of a resonant unit according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 12b for Figure 12aA partially enlarged view of the resonant structure in the neutron resonator unit;

[0049] Figure 12c for Figure 12a A cross-sectional view along the CC direction;

[0050] Figure 13a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of TRI_SRR_C1 according to another embodiment of this disclosure;

[0051] Figure 13b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of TRI_SRR_C1 according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 13c This is a schematic diagram of the structure of TRI_SRR_C1 according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 14a This is a side view of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 14b This is a top view of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 14c for Figure 14b Enlarged view of the structure of the antenna element;

[0056] Figure 14d for Figure 14b A cross-sectional view along the DD direction. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0058] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0059] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0060] This disclosure provides a resonant unit. Figure 1 This is a top view of a resonant unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the resonant structure in a neutron resonator unit, combined with... Figures 1-3 The resonant unit 100 may include a plurality of sub-resonant units 10 arranged in a periodic array. Each sub-resonant unit 10 may include at least one resonant structure, wherein the resonant structure may include a first insulating layer 11 and a first conductive layer 12, wherein the first conductive layer 12 is located on one side of the first insulating layer 11; the first conductive layer 12 may include a first resonant electrode 121 and a second resonant electrode 122, wherein the first resonant electrode 121 may include a first opening 123; the second resonant electrode 122 is located inside the first resonant electrode 121, and the second resonant electrode 122 may include at least one second opening 124, and the second opening 124 is open toward the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121.

[0061] The resonant unit provided in this disclosure includes a resonant structure comprising a first insulating layer and a first conductive layer. The first conductive layer includes two nested resonant electrodes. The first opening of the outer resonant electrode faces the closed portion of the inner resonant electrode, and the second opening of the inner resonant electrode faces the closed portion of the outer resonant electrode. The resulting resonant structure can be matched to the operating frequency of the antenna. The resulting resonant unit has a near-zero refractive index. Therefore, by covering the antenna with the resonant unit formed in this disclosure, electromagnetic waves can be effectively focused, improving the antenna's directivity, gain, and bandwidth. At the same gain, the number of antennas can be reduced, which is beneficial for antenna miniaturization.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown in this exemplary embodiment, the periodic array distribution of the multiple sub-resonant units 10 can be understood as each sub-resonant unit 10 being at least in a certain direction (e.g., Figure 1The sub-resonant units 10 are arranged at equal intervals in the X and / or Y directions (or other directions). Therefore, there is a certain interval between the first resonant electrodes 121 of adjacent sub-resonant units 10 in the resonant unit 100. The arrangement period of the sub-resonant units 10 can be the center distance between adjacent sub-resonant units 10, such as... Figure 1 The center distance 'a' between adjacent sub-resonant units 10 in the [missing information] refers to adjacent sub-resonant units along the periodic arrangement direction. In one embodiment of this disclosure, the opening directions of each first opening 123 are the same. In another embodiment of this disclosure, at least one second opening in each second resonant electrode 122 has the same opening direction, for example, Figure 1 The second openings that open toward the right side of the first resonant electrode have the same opening direction, and / or the second openings that open toward the left side of the first resonant electrode have the same opening direction.

[0063] In this exemplary embodiment, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 may have different shapes. For example, both the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 may be circular, forming a shape with... Figure 4 The resonant structure shown; or, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 can both be rectangular, forming a resonant structure with... Figure 5 The resonant structure shown; or, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 can both be Figure 3 The triangle shown. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 may also be of other shapes. The fact that the second opening 124 is open toward the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121 can be understood as the second opening 124 opening at a position offset from the first opening 123. For example, for Figure 4 The circular resonant electrode shown, with its second opening 124 facing the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121, can be understood as two rays from the center of the second resonant electrode 122 pointing to the two ports of the second opening 124 intersecting the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121. For Figure 5 The rectangular resonant electrode shown is or Figure 3 The triangular resonant electrode shown has a second opening 124 that is open to the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121. This can be understood as the second opening 124 being open to one or two closed sides of the first resonant electrode 121, where the closed side is the side without an opening.

[0064] like Figures 3-5As shown, the first resonant electrode 121 includes a first opening 123, and the second resonant electrode 122 includes at least one second opening 124. This disclosure allows adjustment of the length of the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121 according to the size of the first opening 123, and further adjustment of the resonant frequency of the resonant structure according to the length of the closed portion of the first resonant electrode 121 and the length of the second resonant electrode 122. That is, the size of the first opening 123 can be adjusted according to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band, so that the resonant frequency of the resulting resonant unit 100 matches the antenna's operating frequency. The size of the second opening 124 of the second resonant electrode 122 can adjust the refractive index of the resonant unit 100. This disclosure achieves a near-zero refractive index for the resonant unit 100 by adjusting the size of the second opening 124. With the near-zero refractive index resonant unit 100 covering the antenna unit, when an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between the resonant unit 100 layer and free space, according to the law of refraction, regardless of the incident angle, the refracted wave will exit perpendicularly to the surface of the resonant unit 100 layer, achieving energy convergence of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, covering the planar antenna with 100 layers of resonant elements can effectively focus electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the directivity of the planar antenna and increasing its gain and bandwidth. This allows for a reduction in the number of antennas while maintaining the same gain, which is beneficial for antenna miniaturization.

[0065] like Figures 3-5 As shown, the resonant structure of this disclosure includes a first resonant electrode 121 and a second resonant electrode 122. Compared to a resonant structure formed by a single resonant electrode, a resonant structure with two resonant electrodes can reduce the size of the resonant structure at the same frequency. That is, at the same frequency, the resonant structure provided by this disclosure can have a smaller size, thereby enabling a near-zero refractive index resonant unit 100 to be obtained by periodically arranging the sub-resonant units 10, given a fixed antenna size. Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, both the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 are made of conductive materials, such as metals like Cu and Al. The first insulating layer 11 is made of a dielectric material, such as rigid or flexible substrates like glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

[0066] In this exemplary embodiment, the sub-resonant unit 10 may include a single-layer resonant structure, and the resulting resonant unit 100 is a single-layer periodic structure. The sub-resonant unit 10 may also include multiple resonant structures stacked together, and the resulting resonant unit 100 is a multi-layer periodic structure. This exemplary embodiment only illustrates the multi-layer periodic structure by using a sub-resonant unit 10 comprising two stacked resonant structures as an example. It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the same sub-resonant unit 10 may include three or more stacked resonant structures, all of which fall within the scope of this disclosure. For example, Figure 6aThis is a cross-sectional view of a double-layer sub-resonant unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The sub-resonant unit 10 includes two resonant structures stacked together, and the first insulating layer 11 of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonant unit 10 is adjacent to the first conductive layer 12 of the other resonant structure. That is, the two resonant structures are asymmetrically stacked to form a sub-resonant unit 10. Figure 6b This is a cross-sectional view of a double-layer sub-resonant unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The sub-resonant unit 10 includes two resonant structures stacked together. The first insulating layer 11 of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonant unit 10 is adjacent to the first insulating layer 11 of the other resonant structure and away from the first conductive layer 12 of the other resonant structure. That is, the two resonant structures are symmetrically stacked through insulating layer-to-insulating layer contact to form a sub-resonant unit 10, which is equivalent to two resonant structures being symmetrically stacked. The present disclosure forms a double-layer sub-resonant unit by stacking resonant structures, and then arranges these double-layer sub-resonant units periodically to form a resonant unit with a double-layer periodic structure. The resonant unit with the double-layer periodic structure can have a smaller refractive index compared to a resonant unit with a single-layer periodic structure.

[0067] The following description, using the example of both the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 being triangular, further illustrates the resonant unit 100 of this disclosure. It should be understood that a resonant unit 100 composed of rectangular or circular resonant electrodes can achieve similar functions and effects to a resonant unit 100 formed by triangular resonant electrodes.

[0068] like Figure 3As shown, in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the resonant structure is a TRI_SRR structure. The first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 of the TRI_SRR structure are triangular. The first resonant electrode 121 includes a first opening 123 located on one side of it, and the second resonant electrode 122 includes two second openings 124 located on two different sides of the second resonant electrode 122. The first opening 123 opens toward the closed side of the second resonant electrode 122, and the second opening 124 opens toward the closed side of the first resonant electrode 121. Each side of the first resonant electrode 121 is adjacent to one side of the second resonant electrode 122, and the side containing the first opening 123 is adjacent to the closed side of the second resonant electrode 122. As described above, a closed side can be understood as a side without an opening. In this structure, the resonant frequency of the resonant structure can be adjusted by adjusting the side length of the triangle of the first resonant electrode 121, the size of the first opening 123, and the side length of the triangle of the second resonant electrode 122. Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, both the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 can be equilateral triangles, with the center of the second resonant electrode 122 coinciding with the center of the first resonant electrode 121, and each side of the second resonant electrode 122 parallel to the side of the adjacent first resonant electrode 121. Clearly, in this structure, the bisectors of the vertices of the first resonant electrode 121 coincide with the bisectors of the vertices of the corresponding second resonant electrode 122. In this structure, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 have good symmetry, and can eliminate interference from other factors by adjusting only the key parameters of the two resonant electrodes (including the side lengths of the first and second resonant electrodes 121 and the opening size of the first and second resonant electrodes 122, etc.) to make the refractive index of the formed resonant unit 100 approach zero. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the centers of the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 may not coincide (e.g., Figure 7a As shown), and / or the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 can also be non-equilateral triangles (e.g., Figure 7b As shown), and / or the sides of the first resonant electrode 121 and the sides of the adjacent second resonant electrode 122 are not parallel (e.g. Figure 7c These all fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first conductive layer 12 of the TRI_SRR structure is made of metal Al, and the first insulating layer 11 is made of Eagle glass (relative permittivity ε). _r =5.2, loss tangent tanδ=0.0106), the S-parameter simulation results of the formed resonant unit 100 in 16-40GHz are as follows. Figure 8a and Figure 8b As shown, where, Figure 8a These are the amplitude curves of S11 and S21 as a function of frequency f. Figure 8b These are the phase ang_deg curves of S11 and S21 as a function of frequency f. Based on the S-parameters obtained from the simulation, the frequency range in which the resonant unit 100 exhibits a near-zero refraction point can be determined. Therefore, by inverting the S-parameters in this range, parameters such as... Figure 8c The curve showing the variation of the complex refractive index n of the resonant unit 100 with frequency f is shown. Figure 8c In the diagram, the first curve K1 represents the imaginary part of the refractive index of the resonant unit 100, and the second curve K2 represents the real part of the refractive index of the resonant unit 100. Figure 8c It can be seen that the real part of the refractive index Re(n) of the resonant element 100 at 28 GHz is 0.171. The refractive index of the resonant element 100 at 28 GHz is close to zero. Covering the antenna with this resonant element 100 can improve the antenna gain. Furthermore, a schematic diagram of the resonant element 100 formed by the double-layer TRI_SRR structure can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 6a and Figure 6b Compared to a single-layer TRI_SRR structure-formed resonant unit 100, a double-layer resonant unit 100 can achieve a smaller resonant structure size and a smaller refractive index value at the same frequency. It should be noted that the resonant unit provided in this disclosure is not only applicable to the 28GHz frequency point but also applicable to other frequency bands, meaning that near-zero refractive index can be achieved in other frequency bands as well. For example, in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, simulations were performed on the resonant unit formed by the TRI_SRR structure at frequencies of 600MHz, 10GHz, and 60GHz, respectively. The simulation inversion yielded real part values ​​Re(n) of the complex refractive index of the resonant unit at 600MHz, 10GHz, and 60GHz, respectively, which are 0.215, 0.184, and 0.153.

[0070] Figure 9a This is a top view of a resonant unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9b for Figure 9a A magnified view of a portion of the resonant structure in a neutron resonator unit. Figure 9c for Figure 9a A sectional view along the BB direction, combined with Figures 9a-9cIn another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the resonant structure is a TRI_SRR_Wire structure. The first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 in the TRI_SRR_Wire structure are triangular. The first resonant electrode 121 includes a first opening 123 located on one side of it. The second resonant electrode 122 includes two second openings 124 located on two different sides of the second resonant electrode 122. The first opening 123 opens toward the closed side of the second resonant electrode 122, and the second opening 124 opens toward the closed side of the first resonant electrode 121. Each side of the first resonant electrode 121 is adjacent to one side of the second resonant electrode 122, and the side containing the first opening 123 is adjacent to the closed side of the second resonant electrode 122. Unlike the TRI_SRR structure, the TRI_SRR_Wire structure further includes a second insulating layer 14 and a second conductive layer 13. The second insulating layer 14 is located on the side of the first insulating layer 11 facing away from the first conductive layer 12; the second conductive layer 13 is located on the side of the second insulating layer 14 facing away from the first insulating layer 11. The orthographic projection of the second conductive layer 13 onto the first insulating layer 11 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first resonant electrode 121 onto the first insulating layer 11. The second conductive layer 13 may include a metal wire 131. The metal wire 131 extends along a first direction along the orthographic projection of the first insulating layer 11 and intersects with the orthographic projection of the closed side of the first resonant electrode 121 onto the first insulating layer 11. The first direction is parallel to the side where the first opening 123 is located. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first direction may also intersect with the extension direction of the side where the first opening 123 is located. In other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the metal wire 131 onto the first insulating layer 11 also intersects with the orthographic projections of the two closed sides of the second resonant electrode 122 onto the first insulating layer 11. In this exemplary embodiment, the metal wire 131 may be located on the side of the centerline of the second resonant electrode 122 away from the first opening 123. Exemplarily, the first insulating layer 11 may include a plurality of square insulating structures, each corresponding one-to-one with a resonant structure. The first resonant structures in the same resonant structure are arranged in a positive column on the square insulating structures. The metal wire 131 may be located at the center of the insulating structure in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction. That is, the portions of the insulating structures in the same resonant structure located on both sides of the metal wire 131 are symmetrical about the metal wire 131, and adjacent metal wires are connected to each other in the periodic arrangement direction. It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the second conductive layer 13 may also have other structures, and the metal wire 131 may also be located at other positions on the second insulating layer 14. Figure 9aAs shown, the metal line 131 has a certain width. By adjusting the width of the metal line 131, the frequency range corresponding to the zero refractive index of the formed resonant unit 100 can be adjusted. In this exemplary embodiment, the metal line 131 can be a metal line with a fixed width, and the width of the metal line 131 can be adjusted according to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band so that the zero refractive index frequency of the resonant unit 100 matches the center frequency of the antenna (according to a simulation experiment of this disclosure, the wider the metal line 131, the more the near-zero refractive index of the formed resonant unit is biased towards the high frequency). It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the metal line 131 may also have a non-fixed line width. In addition, the second insulating layer 14 in this exemplary embodiment may be made of the same insulating material as the first insulating layer 11, and the second insulating layer 14 and the first insulating layer 11 may have the same size and shape. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the second insulating layer 14 may also be made of a different material than the first insulating layer 11, and / or the second insulating layer 14 and the first insulating layer 11 may have different sizes. Furthermore, similar to the TRI_SRR structure, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 in the TRI_SRR_Wire structure can be configured as equilateral triangles, with the center of the first resonant electrode 121 coinciding with the center of the second resonant electrode 122, and each side of the second resonant electrode 122 being parallel to each side of the first resonant electrode 121, thus giving the TRI_SRR_Wire structure good symmetry. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 in the TRI_SRR_Wire structure can also be non-equilateral triangles, and / or the center of the first resonant electrode 121 and the center of the second resonant electrode 122 not coinciding, and / or each side of the second resonant electrode 122 not being parallel to each side of the first resonant electrode 121. For details, please refer to... Figures 7a-7c This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first conductive layer 12 is made of metal Al, and the first insulating layer 11 is made of Eagle glass (ε). _r =5.2, tanδ=0.0106), based on the material formed Figure 9a The simulated S-parameter results of the resonant unit 100 in the 16-40 GHz range are as follows: Figure 10a and Figure 10b As shown, where, Figure 10a These are the amplitude curves of S11 and S21 as a function of frequency f. Figure 10b These are the phase ang_deg curves of S11 and S21 as a function of frequency f. Based on the S-parameters obtained from simulation, the following can be extracted: Figure 10c The curve showing the variation of the complex refractive index n of the resonant unit 100 with frequency f is shown. Figure 10c In the diagram, the first curve M1 represents the imaginary part of the refractive index of the resonant unit 100, and the second curve M2 represents the real part of the refractive index of the resonant unit 100. Figure 10c It can be seen that the real part of the refractive index Re(n) of the resonant unit 100 at 28 GHz is 0.102. It can also be seen that the resonant unit formed by the TRI_SRR_Wire structure can achieve a lower refractive index value than the resonant unit formed by the TRI_SRR structure, with the refractive index closer to zero. Furthermore, a schematic diagram of the resonant unit formed by the double-layer TRI_SRR_Wire structure can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 11 Similarly, compared to a single-layer TRI_SRR_Wire structure, a double-layer resonant unit can achieve a smaller resonant structure size and a smaller refractive index value at the same frequency. It should be noted that, as... Figure 11 As shown, during the stacking process, insulation (including an insulating material layer 20) is required between the two resonant structures of the TRI_SRR_Wire structure to prevent contact between the conductive materials of the two resonant structures. The insulation between the resonant structures can be achieved, for example, by using an insulating medium to isolate them, and this disclosure does not limit which side of the resonant structure faces the other. Furthermore, the resonant unit formed based on the TRI_SRR_Wire structure is not only applicable to the 28GHz frequency point, but can also achieve near-zero refractive index in other frequency bands. For example, in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, simulations were performed on the resonant unit formed by the TRI_SRR_Wire structure at 600MHz and 10GHz frequencies, respectively. The simulation inversion yielded that the real part of the complex refractive index Re(n) of the resonant unit at 600MHz and 10GHz frequencies are -0.002 and 0.055, respectively.

[0072] Figure 12a This is a top view of a resonant unit according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12b for Figure 12a A magnified view of a portion of the resonant structure in a neutron resonator unit. Figure 12c for Figure 12a A cross-sectional view along the CC direction, combined with Figures 12a-12cIn another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the resonant structure is a TRI_SRR_C1 structure. The first resonant electrode 121 in the TRI_SRR_C1 structure has a first opening 123, and the second resonant electrode 122 has a second opening 124. Each vertices of the second resonant electrode 122 faces a side of the first resonant electrode 121. The first resonant electrode 121 includes a first side with the first opening 123. The first vertices of the second resonant electrode 122 face the first side, and the second opening 124 is located on the side opposite the first vertices. Unlike the TRI_SRR structure, the second resonant electrode 122 in the TRI_SRR_C1 structure includes only one second opening 124, and the second opening 124 opens towards the side opposite to the first opening 123. The resonant unit 100 obtained by periodically arranging the sub-resonant units 10 based on the TRI_SRR_C1 structure can also achieve a near-zero refractive index. Furthermore, similar to the TRI_SRR and TRI_SRR_Wire structures, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 in the TRI_SRR_C1 structure can be set as equilateral triangles, with the center of the second resonant electrode 122 coinciding with the center of the first resonant electrode 121, and the first side parallel to the opposite side of the second opening 124, so that the TRI_SRR_C1 structure has good symmetry. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first resonant electrode 121 and / or the second resonant electrode 122 of the TRI_SRR_C1 structure can also be non-equilateral triangles (such as...). Figure 13a As shown), and / or the center of the second resonant electrode 122 does not coincide with the center of the first resonant electrode 121 (as shown). Figure 13b As shown), and / or the first side is not parallel to the opposite side of the second opening 124 (as shown). Figure 13c (As shown). Furthermore, a schematic diagram of the resonant unit 100 formed by the double-layer TRI_SRR_C1 structure can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 6a and Figure 6b Compared to resonant units with a single-layer TRI_SRR_C1 structure, dual-layer resonant units can achieve smaller resonant structure size and lower refractive index values ​​at the same frequency. It should be noted that the resonant unit based on the TRI_SRR_C1 structure provided in this disclosure is not only applicable to the 28GHz frequency band, but can also achieve near-zero refractive index in other frequency bands.

[0073] It should be noted that in actual manufacturing processes, a metal material can be covered on a complete insulating layer, and then the corresponding resonant structure can be obtained through patterning. For example, for the TRI_SRR and TRI_SRR_C1 structures, the first resonant electrode 121 and the second resonant electrode 122 can be obtained on the complete first conductive layer 12 through patterning, ensuring that the spacing between adjacent first resonant electrodes 121 meets the periodic requirement. Therefore, in actual products, this is equivalent to multiple TRI_SRR structures or multiple TRI_SRR_C1 structures arranged periodically on a complete insulating layer. This disclosure allows the number of resonant structures to be determined according to the antenna size. Specifically, an insulating structure can be divided on the complete insulating layer for each resonant structure. This insulating structure, together with the corresponding resonant structure, constitutes a sub-resonant unit, i.e., a periodic unit. The insulating structure can be square, and the orthographic projection of the first resonant electrode 121 in the resonant structure lies within the square insulating structure. The side length of the square insulating structure can be λ / 6 to λ / 5, where λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna element's operating frequency band.

[0074] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, an antenna structure is also provided. Figure 14a This is a side view of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14b This is a top view of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14c for Figure 14b Enlarged view of the structure of the antenna element. Figure 14d for Figure 14b Cross-sectional view along the DD direction, see reference. Figures 14a-14d The antenna structure may include an antenna element 200, a resonant layer 300, and an isolation layer 400. The resonant layer 300 is located on one side of the antenna element 200 and may include the resonant element 100 described in any of the above embodiments. The isolation layer 400 is located between the antenna element 200 and the resonant layer 300 and is used to electrically isolate the resonant layer 300 from the antenna element 200.

[0075] like Figure 14a and Figure 14dAs shown in this exemplary embodiment, the isolation layer 400 needs to have a certain thickness, which can be λ / 10 to λ / 8, where λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna element 200. The isolation layer 400 can be made of a material with a low dielectric constant to reduce the impact on antenna performance; for example, foam can be used to form the isolation layer 400. In another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the isolation layer 400 is an air gap, and multiple isolation pillars are arranged at intervals to support the resonant layer 300 formed by the resonant element 100. It should be noted that the isolation pillars are made of an electrically insulating material to achieve electrical isolation between the resonant element 100 and the antenna element 200. The isolation pillars can be, for example, nylon isolation pillars.

[0076] In this exemplary embodiment, the antenna element 200 can be a planar antenna, such as a triangular slot antenna or other omnidirectional antenna. Figure 14d As shown, the triangular slot antenna may include a three-layer structure, including a base layer 210, a radiating patch layer 230, and a ground layer 220. The radiating patch layer 230 is located on one side of the base layer 210, and the ground layer 220 is located on the side of the base layer 210 opposite to the radiating patch layer 230. The ground layer 220 includes a slot located in its middle, and the slot penetrates the ground layer 220. In this exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch layer 230 and the ground layer 220 are made of metallic materials, such as Cu or Al, while the base layer 210 is made of dielectric material, such as glass or PET, which are rigid or flexible substrates. In a simulation comparison test of this disclosure, when the antenna structure does not cover the aforementioned resonant unit 100, the center frequency of the antenna is 28.1 GHz, the bandwidth is 25.89-30.15 GHz (15.21%), and the gain is 4.59 dB. By covering the resonant element 100 provided in this disclosure with the antenna and optimizing the antenna size, the resulting antenna structure has a center frequency of 28.15 GHz, a gain of 6.77 dB (an increase of 2.18 dB), and a bandwidth of 23.34%, thus increasing the antenna's bandwidth. It can be seen that using the resonant element 100 provided in this disclosure to cover the antenna has virtually no impact on the antenna's center frequency, but it can increase the antenna gain and bandwidth, improving antenna performance and making it applicable to various frequency bands of 5G mobile communication.

[0077] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A resonant unit, characterized by, The resonant structure comprises a plurality of sub-resonance units arranged in a periodic array, each of the sub-resonance units comprising at least one resonant structure, the resonant structure comprising: a first insulating layer; a first conductive layer located on one side of the first insulating layer; wherein the first conductive layer comprises: a first resonant electrode arranged in a ring shape, the first resonant electrode comprising a first opening; a second resonant electrode arranged in a ring shape and located within the first resonant electrode, the second resonant electrode comprising at least one second opening, and the second opening being open towards a closed portion of the first resonant electrode; the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are both triangular; the first opening is located on one side of the first resonant electrode, and the second opening is open towards a closed side of the first resonant electrode; the second opening is one; wherein each vertex of the second resonant electrode is respectively towards a side of the first resonant electrode, the first resonant electrode comprises a first side provided with the first opening, the first vertex of the second resonant electrode is towards the first side, and the second opening is located on the opposite side of the first vertex; alternatively, the second opening is two, each side of the first resonant electrode is adjacent to a side of the second resonant electrode, and the side where the first opening is located is adjacent to a closed side of the second resonant electrode; the two second openings are located on different sides of the second resonant electrode.

2. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are both equilateral triangles, the center of the second resonant electrode coincides with the center of the first resonant electrode, and each side of the second resonant electrode is parallel to the side of the first resonant electrode adjacent thereto.

3. The resonant cell of claim 2, wherein, the resonant structure further comprises: a second insulating layer located on the side of the first insulating layer away from the first conductive layer; a second conductive layer located on the side of the second insulating layer away from the first insulating layer, the second conductive layer partially overlaps the first resonant electrode in the orthographic projection of the first insulating layer.

4. The resonant cell of claim 3, wherein, the second conductive layer comprises a metal wire, the metal wire extends in a first direction in the orthographic projection of the first insulating layer and intersects at least two closed sides of the first resonant electrode in the orthographic projection of the first insulating layer, the first direction is parallel to the side where the first opening is located.

5. The resonant cell of claim 4, wherein, the metal wire is located on the side of the midline of the second resonant electrode away from the first opening.

6. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, the center of the first resonant electrode does not coincide with the center of the second resonant electrode; and / or, the first resonant electrode and / or the second resonant electrode is a non-equilateral triangle; and / or, the side of the first resonant electrode is not parallel to the side of the second resonant electrode.

7. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, the first resonant electrode and the second resonant electrode are both equilateral triangles, the center of the second resonant electrode coincides with the center of the first resonant electrode, and the first side is parallel to the opposite side of the second opening.

8. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, the center of the first resonant electrode does not coincide with the center of the second resonant electrode; and / or, the first resonant electrode and / or the second resonant electrode is a non-equilateral triangle; and / or, the side of the first resonant electrode is not parallel to the side of the second resonant electrode. And / or, the extension line of the first side edge intersects with the extension line of the opposite side edge of the second opening.

9. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, The sub-resonance unit comprises two resonant structures arranged in a stack, and the first insulating layer of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonance unit is adjacent to the first conductive layer of another resonant structure.

10. The resonant cell of claim 1, wherein, The sub-resonance unit comprises two resonant structures arranged in a stack, and the first insulating layer of one resonant structure in the same sub-resonance unit is adjacent to the first insulating layer of another resonant structure.

11. The resonant unit according to any of claims 1-10, characterized by The opening direction of the first opening is the same.

12. An antenna structure, characterized by Comprise: An antenna unit; A resonance layer located on one side of the antenna unit, the resonance layer comprising the resonance unit according to any one of claims 1-11; An isolation layer located between the antenna unit and the resonance layer, for electrically isolating the resonance layer and the antenna unit.

13. The antenna structure of claim 12, wherein, The thickness of the isolation layer is λ / 10-λ / 8, wherein λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna unit.

14. The antenna structure of claim 12, wherein, The isolation layer comprises a plurality of isolation columns, the plurality of isolation columns being distributed in the isolation layer, and the isolation columns being electrically insulated.

15. The antenna structure of claim 12, wherein, The antenna unit is a triangular slot antenna, and the triangular slot antenna comprises: A substrate layer, the substrate layer being electrically insulated; A radiation patch layer located on one side of the substrate layer; A ground layer located on the side of the substrate layer away from the radiation patch layer, the ground layer comprising a slot in the middle of the ground layer, and the slot penetrating through the ground layer.

16. The antenna structure of claim 12, wherein, The resonant structure further comprises a square insulating structure located on the first insulating layer, and the first resonant electrode is located in the square insulating structure in the orthographic projection of the first insulating layer, wherein the side length of the square insulating structure is λ / 6-λ / 5, wherein λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna unit.

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