A common aperture antenna compatible with high and low frequencies

Abstract

This invention discloses a high- and low-frequency compatible common-aperture antenna, comprising, from bottom to top, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate. The first dielectric substrate has a low-frequency feed network and a high-frequency coaxial adapter structure. The second dielectric substrate has a high-frequency feed network. The third dielectric substrate has a high-frequency phased array antenna. The fourth dielectric substrate has a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure and a wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure. A gap exists between the third and fourth dielectric substrates. A high-frequency electrical signal is input through the high-frequency feed interface and transmitted to the high-frequency phased array antenna through the high-frequency feed network. A low-frequency electrical signal is transmitted from the low-frequency feed network to the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure. This design ensures that the performance of the high- and low-frequency antennas does not interfere with each other, improving the antenna aperture utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a common aperture antenna that is compatible with both high and low frequencies. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) has become a global hot topic. As a communication technology with high bandwidth, low latency, and high speed, 5G will help drive a new wave of innovation, providing supporting technologies for fields such as IoT (Internet of Things), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), autonomous driving, and VR / AR (virtual / augmented reality). Currently, 5G systems under development are mainly divided into two categories: one operates at frequencies below 6GHz, used for long-distance communication and wide-area coverage, with relatively mature technical solutions; the other is the millimeter-wave band, which can provide large spectrum bandwidth, significantly improving the transmission rate of communication data. To simultaneously meet the needs of long-distance, wide-coverage, and ultra-dense, high-speed communication, millimeter-wave and C-band compatibility is an inevitable trend. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a common-aperture antenna that is compatible with both high and low frequencies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high- and low-frequency compatible common-aperture antenna that can accommodate high- and low-frequency antennas with a large frequency ratio under the same aperture, and ensure that the performance of high- and low-frequency antennas does not affect each other, thereby improving the antenna aperture utilization rate.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention in the first aspect is as follows:

[0005] A high- and low-frequency compatible common-aperture antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The first dielectric substrate has a low-frequency feed network and a high-frequency coaxial adapter structure. The second dielectric substrate has a high-frequency feed network. The third dielectric substrate has a high-frequency phased array antenna. The fourth dielectric substrate has a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure and a wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure. A gap is provided between the third and fourth dielectric substrates.

[0006] The high-frequency feed interface of the high-frequency phased array antenna is located at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate. A high-frequency electrical signal is input through the high-frequency feed interface. The high-frequency electrical signal passes through the low-frequency feed network via a high-frequency coaxial adapter structure and is then fed into the high-frequency feed network. The high-frequency electrical signal is then transmitted to the high-frequency phased array antenna through the high-frequency feed network. The high-frequency phased array antenna radiates the high-frequency electrical signal outward.

[0007] Low-frequency electrical signals are transmitted from a low-frequency feed network to a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure; the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure includes a hollow metal square ring, which serves to avoid blocking high-frequency electrical signals; the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure serves to transmit the radiation of the high-frequency phased array antenna.

[0008] Preferably, the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure includes multiple groups of metal branches arranged in an array; each group of metal branches is divided into two columns of metal branches.

[0009] Preferably, the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure includes multiple periodically arranged metal square rings, with each metal square ring corresponding to a group of metal branches; in each group of metal branches, one column of metal branches is disposed inside the corresponding metal square ring, and the other column of metal branches is disposed outside the corresponding metal square ring.

[0010] Preferably, the high-frequency feeding network is configured as a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network, or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

[0011] Preferably, the low-frequency feed network is configured as a stripline feed network, a microstrip line feed network, a substrate integrated waveguide feed network, or a coplanar waveguide feed network.

[0012] Preferably, the low-frequency power supply network includes a low-frequency power supply stripline; a metal ground plane is printed on the first dielectric substrate; a low-frequency coupling gap is provided on the metal ground plane; the low-frequency coupling gap and the low-frequency power supply stripline are located inside the shielding metal wall; the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure is located outside the shielding metal wall; and the shielding metal wall is located on the first dielectric substrate.

[0013] Preferably, the low-frequency coupling gap is disposed at the center of the first dielectric substrate; the low-frequency coupling gap is perpendicular to the low-frequency feed stripline; and the shielding metal wall is disposed around the low-frequency coupling gap and the low-frequency feed stripline.

[0014] Preferably, the width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap is greater than the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap; the range of the width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap and the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap is [0.001λ]. L 0.25λ L ], λ L It is a low-frequency free-space wavelength.

[0015] Preferably, the shielding metal wall includes a plurality of metal grounding posts; the metal grounding posts are embedded in the first dielectric substrate; the spacing between the metal grounding posts is in the range of [0.001λ]. L , 0.1λ LThe diameter range of the grounding metal post is [0.001λ]. L , 0.1λ L ].

[0016] Preferably, the fourth dielectric substrate is a Rogers4350 dielectric substrate processed using PCB technology; the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate are FerroA6ME dielectric substrates processed using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0018] In this invention, a high-frequency electrical signal is fed into a high-frequency feed network after passing through a low-frequency feed network via a high-frequency coaxial converter; the high-frequency electrical signal is then transmitted to a high-frequency phased array antenna via the high-frequency feed network; the high-frequency phased array antenna radiates the electrical signal outwards; a low-frequency electrical signal is transmitted from the low-frequency feed network to a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure; the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure includes a hollow metal square ring, which serves to avoid blocking the high-frequency electrical signal; the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure acts to transmit the radiation of the high-frequency phased array antenna; this invention allows high-frequency and low-frequency antennas with a large frequency ratio to be compatible under the same aperture, and ensures that the performance of the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas does not affect each other, thereby improving the antenna aperture utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the high- and low-frequency compatible common-aperture antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of a common-aperture antenna compatible with high and low frequencies in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of a common-aperture antenna compatible with high and low frequencies in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 These are structural diagrams of the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure and the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure in embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the first dielectric substrate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the S-parameter results of a common-aperture antenna transmitting low-frequency electrical signals in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is the radiation pattern of the low-frequency electrical signal transmitted by the common aperture antenna in this embodiment of the invention;

[0026] Figure 8This is a comparison diagram of the effect of the Chinese annular metasurface structure on the radiation of the high-frequency antenna element before and after loading the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the ADS analysis model in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 This is an ADS analysis result diagram of the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the scanning performance results of the high-frequency antenna within the band in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a diagram of the integrated power supply network structure of the high-frequency power supply network and the low-frequency power supply network in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Low-frequency square ring metasurface structure, 11. Metal square ring, 2. Wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure, 21. Metal stub, 3. Low-frequency metal ground plane, 4. Low-frequency feed stripline, 5. Low-frequency coupling slot, 6. Shielded metal wall, 7. High-frequency phased array antenna, 8. High-frequency feed network, 9. High-frequency coaxial adapter structure, 10. Low-frequency feed network. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the description of this invention refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a high- and low-frequency compatible common-aperture antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The first dielectric substrate has a low-frequency feed network 10 and a high-frequency coaxial adapter structure 9. The second dielectric substrate has a high-frequency feed network 8. The third dielectric substrate has a high-frequency phased array antenna 7. The fourth dielectric substrate has a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure 1 and a wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure 2. A gap exists between the third and fourth dielectric substrates. The fourth dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350 dielectric substrate manufactured using PCB technology. The first, second, and third dielectric substrates are Ferro A6ME dielectric substrates manufactured using a low-temperature co-fired ceramic process. The dielectric constant ε of the first, second, third, and fourth dielectric substrates is... r The wavelength is [1, 10.2], and the thickness is [0.01λ, 0.3λ], where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0036] The high-frequency feed interface of the high-frequency phased array antenna 7 is located at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate. A high-frequency electrical signal is input through the high-frequency feed interface, and the high-frequency electrical signal passes through the low-frequency feed network 10 via the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure 9 and is then fed into the high-frequency feed network 8. The high-frequency electrical signal is transmitted to the high-frequency phased array antenna 7 through the high-frequency feed network 8. The high-frequency phased array antenna 7 radiates high-frequency electrical signals outward. The high-frequency feed network 8 is configured as a stripline feed network, a microstrip line feed network, a substrate integrated waveguide feed network, or a coplanar waveguide feed network.

[0037] The low-frequency feed network 10 includes a low-frequency feed stripline 4; a metal ground plane 3 is printed on the first dielectric substrate; the thickness of the metal ground plane 3 is [0.005λ, 0.1λ]; a low-frequency coupling slot 5 is provided on the metal ground plane 3; the low-frequency coupling slot 5 and the low-frequency feed stripline 4 are located inside the shielding metal wall 6; the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure 9 is located outside the shielding metal wall 6; the shielding metal wall 6 is located on the first dielectric substrate; the low-frequency coupling slot 5 is located at the center of the first dielectric substrate; the low-frequency coupling slot 5 is perpendicular to the low-frequency feed stripline 4; the shielding metal wall 6 surrounds the low-frequency coupling slot 5 and the low-frequency feed stripline 4. The low-frequency feed network 10 can also be configured as a stripline feed network, a microstrip line feed network, a substrate integrated waveguide feed network, or a coplanar waveguide feed network.

[0038] Figure 5As shown, the width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 is greater than the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap 5; the range of the width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 and the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 is [0.001λ]. L 0.25λ L ], λ L The wavelength is in low-frequency free space; the total length l1 of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 on the metal floor 3 ranges from [0.1λ]. L 0.8λ L The length l2 of the middle part of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 ranges from [0.1λ]. L 0.8λ L The shielding metal wall includes multiple metal grounding posts; the metal grounding posts are embedded in the first dielectric substrate; the spacing between the metal grounding posts ranges from [0.001λ]. L , 0.1λ L The diameter range of the grounding metal post is [0.001λ]. L , 0.1λ L The width f at the port of the low-frequency feed stripline 4 in the low-frequency feed network 10. w0 [0.001λ] L , 0.1λ L The width f on the other side of the low-frequency feed strip 4 in the low-frequency feed network 10 w1 [0.001λ] L , 0.2λ L ].

[0039] The low-frequency electrical signal is transmitted by the low-frequency feed network 10, passes through the I-shaped gap 5, and the energy passes through the high-frequency phased array antenna 7 and is coupled to the low-frequency square ring metasurface structure 1; the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure 2 acts on the radiation of the transmission high-frequency phased array antenna; the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure 2 includes multiple sets of metal branches 21 distributed in an array; each set of metal branches is divided into two columns of metal branches 21.

[0040] The low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure 1 includes multiple periodically arranged metal square rings 11 with a hollow structure. The hollow structure of the metal square rings 11 serves to avoid blocking high-frequency electrical signals. Each metal square ring 11 is correspondingly arranged with each group of metal branches. In each group of metal branches, one column of metal branches 21 is arranged inside the corresponding metal square ring 11, and the other column of metal branches 21 is arranged outside the corresponding metal square ring 11. Figure 4 As shown, the height of the metal square ring in the low-frequency square ring metasurface structure 1 is [0.01λ]. L 0.25λ L ], width w1 is [0.01λ L 0.15λ LThe wall thickness d1 is [0.01λ]. L 0.15λ L The gap g1 between each metal square ring is [0.01λ]. L 0.15λ L The length w2 of the metal branch 21 in the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure 2 is [0.01λ]. L 0.15λ L ], width d2 is [0.01λ L 0.15λ L The gap g2 between each metal branch 21 is [0.01λ]. L 0.15λ L ];

[0041] The specific dimensions in this implementation are as follows: the height of the low-frequency square ring metasurface structure 1 is 9mm; the length w1 of the metal square ring 11 is 14.4mm, and the width d1 is 0.4mm; the gap g1 between the two metal square rings is 0.15mm; the total length l1 of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 on the metal floor 3 is 20.2mm; the middle length l2 of the low-frequency coupling gap 5 is 17.2mm; and the widths s1 and s2 of the low-frequency coupling gap 6 on the metal floor 5 are 1mm and 0.4mm, respectively. Figure 3 As shown, the width f at the port of the low-frequency feed stripline 4 in the low-frequency feed network 10 is... w0 The width f on the other side of the low-frequency feed strip 4 in the low-frequency feed network 10 is 0.32mm. w1 The diameter of the grounding metal post is 1 mm, the spacing between the metal grounding posts is 0.3 mm, and the diameter of the grounding metal post is 0.1 mm; the size of the high-frequency phased array antenna 7 is 21 mm.

[0042] In this embodiment, the low-frequency feed network 10, the low-frequency feed stripline 4, the low-frequency metal ground plane 3, the low-frequency square ring metasurface structure 1, and the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure 2 constitute a common-aperture mid-to-low frequency antenna; the high-frequency phased array antenna 7, the high-frequency feed network 8, and the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure 9 constitute a common-aperture mid-to-high frequency antenna; as Figure 6 As shown, the low-frequency antenna in the common-aperture antenna operates in the 3.3-3.6 GHz band, and its in-band reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB. Figure 7 As shown, the low-frequency antenna has a symmetrical radiation pattern and cross-polarization greater than 40 dB. Figure 8As shown, in order to study the influence of low-frequency antennas on high-frequency antenna radiation, the radiation pattern of the array elements in the high-frequency antenna array was examined. Before loading the transparent frequency selective surface structure 2, the radiation of the high-frequency antenna elements at the center was less affected, but the radiation at the edges was more affected. After loading the transparent frequency selective surface structure 2, the radiation pattern of the high-frequency elements that were originally affected was greatly improved. Figure 9 The diagram shown is the ADS equivalent circuit diagram of the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure 2, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the wave-transparent frequency-selective surface structure 2 has high transmittance in the high-frequency operating band, thus reducing the influence of low-frequency antennas on high-frequency antenna radiation. Figure 11 The image shows the scanning performance of the high-frequency antenna array after the low-frequency antenna is loaded. The scanning angle within the band is greater than 55 degrees, while the gain decrease is less than 3dB.

[0043] like Figure 12 The diagram shows an integrated feed network structure combining high-frequency and low-frequency feed networks. Through hierarchical design and manufacturing processes, the feed components of the low-frequency and high-frequency antennas can operate independently without affecting each other's feed performance. This integrated feed design further reduces the overall space occupied by the antenna, improving space utilization.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-low frequency compatible co-bore-sight antenna, characterized in that, The fourth layer medium substrate is provided with a low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure and a wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure; a gap is provided between the third layer medium substrate and the fourth layer medium substrate; The wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure comprises a plurality of groups of metal branches arranged in an array; each group of metal branches is divided into two columns of metal branches; the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure comprises a plurality of periodically arranged metal square rings, each metal square ring being arranged one-to-one with each group of metal branches; one column of metal branches in each group of metal branches is arranged inside the corresponding metal square ring, and the other column of metal branches is arranged outside the corresponding metal square ring; The low-frequency feed network comprises a low-frequency feed strip line; The first layer medium substrate is provided with a metal floor; a low-frequency coupling gap is arranged on the metal floor; the low-frequency coupling gap and the low-frequency feed strip line are arranged on the inner side of a shielding metal wall, and the shielding metal wall surrounds the low-frequency coupling gap and the low-frequency feed strip line; the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure is arranged on the outer side of the shielding metal wall; the shielding metal wall is arranged on the first layer medium substrate; the low-frequency coupling gap is arranged to the center of the first layer medium substrate; The low-frequency coupling gap and the low-frequency feed strip line are perpendicular to each other; The high-frequency feed interface of the high-frequency phased array antenna is arranged at the bottom of the first layer medium substrate; high-frequency electrical signals are input from the high-frequency feed interface, and the high-frequency electrical signals are fed into the high-frequency feed network after passing through the low-frequency feed network through the high-frequency coaxial adapter structure; the high-frequency electrical signals are sent to the high-frequency phased array antenna through the high-frequency feed network; the high-frequency phased array antenna radiates high-frequency electrical signals outward; Low-frequency electrical signals are sent to the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure by the low-frequency feed network; the low-frequency metal square ring metasurface structure comprises a hollow metal square ring, which functions to avoid shielding high-frequency electrical signals; the wave-transparent frequency selective surface structure functions to transmit the radiation of the high-frequency phased array antenna. The high-frequency feed network is arranged as a strip line feed network, a microstrip line feed network, a substrate integrated waveguide feed network or a coplanar waveguide feed network.

2. The high-low frequency compatible co-bore site antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency feed network is arranged as a strip line feed network, a microstrip line feed network, a substrate integrated waveguide feed network or a coplanar waveguide feed network.

3. The high-low frequency compatible co-bore site antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The fourth layer medium substrate is a medium substrate Rogers4350 processed by a PCB process; the first layer medium substrate, the second layer medium substrate and the third layer medium substrate are medium substrates Ferro A6ME processed by a low-temperature co-fired ceramic process.

4. The high-low frequency compatible co-bore site antenna of claim 1, wherein, The width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap is greater than the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap; the range of the width s1 on both sides of the low-frequency coupling gap and the width s2 in the middle of the low-frequency coupling gap is [0.001λ]. L 0.25λ L ], λ L It is a low-frequency free-space wavelength.

5. The high-low frequency compatible co-bore site antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The shielding metal wall comprises a plurality of metal grounding pillars; the metal grounding pillars are embedded in the first layer of dielectric substrate; the spacing between the metal grounding pillars ranges from [0.001λ L , 0.1λ L ]; the diameter of the metal grounding pillars ranges from [0.001λ L , 0.1λ L ]; and λ L is the low-frequency free space wavelength.

6. The high-low frequency compatible co-bore site antenna according to claim 1, wherein, ​

Images