Compounds, liquid-crystalline media and liquid-crystalline displays comprising the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a liquid-crystalline medium having a nematic phase, comprising one or more compounds of formula L, wherein the parameters have the meanings given herein, to the use thereof in electro-optical displays, in particular in active matrix displays based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of compounds of formula L for improving the contrast and / or the response time of a liquid-crystalline medium comprising one or more further mesogenic compounds as specified herein.

Description

[0001] The present application relates to novel liquid-crystalline media, in particular for liquid-crystalline displays, and to these liquid-crystalline displays, in particular to liquid-crystalline displays using the IPS (in-plane switching) or preferably FFS (fringe field switching) effect (both using dielectrically positive liquid crystals). The latter is occasionally also called XB-FFS (extra-bright FFS) effect.

[0002] For this effect, dielectrically positive liquid crystals are used, which comprise one or more compounds having a high dielectric constant both parallel and perpendicular to the molecular director, which leads to a large average dielectric constant and a high dielectric ratio and preferably simultaneously to a relatively small dielectric anisotropy. The liquid-crystalline medium optionally additionally comprises dielectrically negative, dielectrically neutral compounds or both. The liquid-crystalline medium is used for an in-plane (i.e. planar) initial alignment. The liquid-crystalline medium of the present application has a positive dielectric anisotropy and comprises compounds having a large dielectric constant both parallel and perpendicular to the molecular director.

[0003] The media are characterized by a particularly good performance in the dark state, which is mainly due to their very low scattering. This in turn is caused, inter alia, by their high elastic constant.

[0004] The high elastic constant can also lead to higher values of the rotational viscosity (γ1), resulting in a higher ratio of the rotational viscosity (γ1) to the elastic constant of the splay deformation (k 22 ), γ1 / k 22 , which in turn leads to higher response times. Since k 22 is approximately proportional to the elastic constant of the bend deformation k 11 (the value of k 22 is usually about half the value of k 11 ), γ1 and k 11 can be easily and conveniently approximated.

[0005] The contrast of an LC display can be improved on the one hand by a higher transmittance, which can be achieved by FFS cell layouts with higher ε ⊥ . And, on the other hand, it can be improved by a better dark state. The latter, the dark state, is strongly influenced by the scattering parameters, inter alia. Here, the liquid-crystalline media with high elastic constant reduce the scattering and thus improve the contrast of the LCD. This also leads to their superior performance in displays according to the present application.

[0006] IPS and FFS displays using dielectrically positive liquid crystals are well known in the art and have been widely adopted for various types of displays, such as desktop monitors and televisions, but also for mobile applications.

[0007] However, at present, IPS and especially FFS displays using dielectrically negative liquid crystals are widely used. The latter are sometimes also called UB-FFS (ultra bright FFS). Such displays are described, for example, in US 2013 / 0207038 A1. These displays are characterized by a significantly increased transmittance compared to previously used IPS- and FFS displays using dielectrically positive liquid crystals. However, these displays using conventional dielectrically negative liquid crystals have the serious disadvantage that higher operating voltages are required compared to displays using dielectrically positive liquid crystals. Liquid crystal media for UB-FFS have a dielectric anisotropy of -0.5 or less and preferably -1.5 or less.

[0008] Liquid crystal media for HB-FFS (high brightness FFS) have a dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more and preferably 1.5 or more. Liquid crystal media for HB-FFS comprising both dielectrically negative and dielectrically positive liquid crystal compounds, or mesogenic compounds, are described, for example, in US 2013 / 0207038 A1. These media are characterized by already quite large values of e ^ and e av . However, their ratio (e ^ / De) is relatively small.

[0009] However, according to the present application, it is preferred that the IPS or FFS effect with dielectrically positive liquid crystal media aligned homogeneously.

[0010] The industrial use of this effect in electro-optical display elements requires liquid crystal phases which must meet a number of requirements. Of particular importance here are the chemical resistance and physical influences such as moisture, air, heat, radiation in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions, and direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electric fields.

[0011] In addition, an industrially usable liquid crystal phase requires a liquid crystalline mesophase at a suitable temperature range and low viscosity.

[0012] None of the series of compounds having a liquid crystalline mesophase which have been disclosed to date comprises a single compound which meets all these requirements. Therefore, usually mixtures of 2 to 25, preferably 3 to 18, compounds are prepared to obtain a substance which can be used as a liquid crystal phase.

[0013] Matrix liquid crystal displays (MLC displays) are known. Non-linear elements which can be used for the individual switching of the pixels are, for example, active elements (i.e. transistors). The term "active matrix" is then used, in which usually thin-film transistors (TFTs) are used, which are usually arranged on a glass plate as substrate.

[0014] The distinction between the two technologies is: TFTs containing compound semiconductors, such as CdSe, or metal oxides like ZnO, or TFTs based on polycrystalline and especially amorphous silicon. The latter technology has the greatest commercial importance worldwide at present.

[0015] The TFT matrix is applied to the inner side of one glass plate of the display, while the other glass plate carries a transparent counter electrode on its inner side. The TFTs are very small compared to the size of the pixel electrodes and have almost no adverse effect on the image. The technology can also be extended to full-color functional displays, in which a mosaic of red, green and blue filters is arranged in such a way that the filter elements are arranged opposite each switchable pixel.

[0016] The TFT displays most commonly used to date generally use crossed polarizer operation in transmission and are backlit. For TV applications, ECB (or VAN) cells or FFS cells are used, while monitors generally use IPS cells or TN (twisted nematic) cells, and notebook, laptop and mobile applications generally use TN, VA or FFS cells.

[0017] The term MLC display here includes any matrix display with integrated nonlinear elements, i.e. in addition to active matrices, also displays with passive elements, such as varistors or diodes (MIM = metal-insulator-metal).

[0018] This type of MLC display is particularly suitable for TV applications, monitors and notebooks or for displays with high information density, for example in automobile manufacture or aircraft construction. In addition to problems with the angle dependence of the contrast and the response time, some problems also arise in MLC displays due to the insufficiently high specific resistance of the liquid crystal mixture [TOGASHI, S., SEKI-GUCHI, K., TANABE, H., YAMAMOTO, E., SORIMACHI, K., TAJIMA, E., WATANABE, H., SHIMIZU, H., Proc. Eurodisplay 84, Sept. 1984: A210-288 Matrix LCD Controlled by Double Stage Diode Rings, pp. 141 ff., Paris; STROMER, M., Proc. Eurodisplay 84, Sept. 1984: Design of Thin Film Transistors for Matrix Addressing of Television Liquid Crystal Displays, p. 145, Paris]. With decreasing resistance, the contrast of the MLC display deteriorates. Since the specific resistance of the liquid crystal mixture usually decreases with the lifetime of the MLC display due to interactions with the inner surfaces of the display, a high (initial) resistance is of great importance for the display in order to have an acceptable resistance value over a long operating period.

[0019] In addition to IPS displays (for example: Yeo, S. D., Paper 15.3: "An LC Display for the TV Application", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book II, pp. 758 and 759) and the long-known TN displays, displays using the ECB effect have established the so-called VAN (Vertically Aligned Nematic) displays as one of the three most important new types of liquid crystal displays today, in particular for television applications.

[0020] Among the most important designs that can be mentioned here are MVA (multi-domain vertical alignment, e.g. Yoshide, H. et al., Paper 3.1 : "MVA LCD for Notebook or Mobile PCs... ", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book I, pp. 6-9, and Liu, C. T. et al., Paper 15.1 : "A 46-inch TFT-LCD HDTV Technology... ", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book II, pp. 750-753), PVA (patterned vertical alignment, e.g. Kim, Sang Soo, Paper 15.4: "Super PVA Sets New State-of-the-Art for LCD-TV", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book II, pp. 760-763) and ASV (advanced super view, e.g. Shigeta, Mitzuhiro and Fukuoka, Hirofumi, Paper 15.2: "Development of High Quality LCD TV", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book II, pp. 754-757). More modern versions of the VA effect are the so-called PAVA (photo-alignment VA) and PSVA (polymer sustained VA).

[0021] In general terms, the techniques are compared for example in Souk, Jun, SID Seminar 2004, Seminar M-6: "Recent Advances in LCD Technology", Seminar Lecture Notes, M-6 / 1 to M-6 / 26, and Miller, Ian, SID Seminar 2004, Seminar M-7: "LCD-Television", Seminar Lecture Notes, M-7 / 1 to M-7 / 32. While the response time of modern ECB displays has been significantly improved by addressing methods with overdrive, for example Kim, Hyeon Kyeong et al., Paper 9.1: "A 57-in. Wide UXGA TFT-LCD for HDTV Application", SID 2004 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, XXXV, Book I, pages 106 to 109, achieving a video-compatible response time, in particular in the switching of gray levels, remains an unsatisfactory problem.

[0022] ECB displays, like ASV displays, use liquid-crystalline media with negative dielectric anisotropy (De), while TN and hitherto all conventional IPS displays use liquid-crystalline media with positive dielectric anisotropy. However, there is an increasing demand for IPS and FFS displays which make use of liquid-crystalline media with negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0023] In this type of liquid-crystalline displays, the liquid crystal is used as an electrical medium, the optical properties of which change reversibly when a voltage is applied.

[0024] Since the operating voltages should be as low as possible in displays in general, i.e. also in displays according to these mentioned effects, liquid-crystalline media are used which usually consist mainly of liquid-crystalline compounds which have dielectric anisotropy of the same sign and have the highest possible value of the dielectric anisotropy. Usually, only a relatively small proportion of neutral compounds and, if possible, no compounds with dielectric anisotropy of the opposite sign to the dielectric anisotropy of the medium are employed. In the case of liquid-crystalline media with negative dielectric anisotropy, for example for ECB or UB-FFS displays, therefore mainly compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy are employed. The liquid-crystalline media employed usually consist mainly and often even essentially of liquid-crystalline compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0025] In the media used according to the present application, generally a significant amount of dielectrically positive liquid crystalline compounds is employed and generally only very small amounts of dielectrically negative compounds or even no dielectrically negative compounds at all, since generally liquid crystal displays are intended to have the lowest possible addressing voltage. At the same time, in certain cases it can be advantageous to use small amounts of dielectrically neutral compounds.

[0026] US 2013 / 0207038 A1 describes liquid crystal media for HB-FFS displays, proposing to improve the performance of FFS displays using liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy by additionally incorporating dielectrically negative liquid crystals. However, this leads to the need to compensate the negative contribution of these compounds to the overall dielectric anisotropy of the resulting media. For this, the concentration of dielectrically positive materials has to be increased, which in turn makes less space for using dielectrically neutral compounds as diluents in the mixture, or, alternatively, compounds with a stronger positive dielectric anisotropy have to be used. Both alternatives have the strong disadvantage of increasing the response time of the liquid crystals in the display.

[0027] Liquid crystal media with positive dielectric anisotropy for IPS and FFS displays have been disclosed. Some examples will be given below.

[0028] CN 104232105 A, WO 2014 / 192390 and WO 2015 / 007131 describe liquid crystal media with positive dielectric anisotropy, some of which have a rather high dielectric constant perpendicular to the director.

[0029] The compounds of the following formula are described in WO 2019 / 034588 A1

[0030]

[0031] The phase range of the liquid crystal mixture should be sufficiently wide for the desired display application.

[0032] The response time of the liquid crystal media in the display should also be improved, i.e. reduced. This is particularly important for displays of televisions or multimedia applications. In order to improve the response time, it has been repeatedly proposed in the past to optimize the rotational viscosity (gammal) of the liquid crystal media, i.e. to obtain a medium with the lowest possible rotational viscosity. However, the results achieved here are insufficient for many applications, and it is therefore desirable to find a further optimization.

[0033] The sufficient stability of the media against extreme loads, in particular against UV exposure and heating, is of very particular importance. This can be critical, in particular in the case of applications in mobile devices, such as mobile telephones.

[0034] In addition to their relatively poor transmittance and their relatively long response times, the MLC displays disclosed to date also have other disadvantages. These are, for example, their relatively low contrast, their relatively high viewing-angle dependence and the difficulty of reproducing gray scales in these displays, especially when viewed from an inclined viewing angle, and their insufficient VHR and their insufficient lifetime. Desired improvements in the transmittance and in the response times of the displays are required in order to improve their energy efficiency or their ability to render rapidly moving pictures, respectively.

[0035] There is therefore a great demand for MLC displays with very high specific resistance while at the same time large operating temperature ranges, short response times and relatively low threshold voltages, with the aid of which a large number of gray scales can be produced and which in particular have a good and stable VHR.

[0036] It is an object of the present application to provide MLC displays, not only for monitor and TV applications, but also for mobile applications, such as telephones and navigation systems, which are based on the ECB, IPS or FFS effect, without the above-mentioned disadvantages or with the above-mentioned disadvantages to a reduced extent, and at the same time have very high specific resistance values. In particular, it must be ensured for mobile telephones and navigation systems that they also operate at very high and very low temperatures.

[0037] Surprisingly, it has been found that if a nematic liquid-crystalline medium as described below is used in these display elements, liquid-crystal displays, in particular IPS and FFS displays, can be obtained which have a low threshold voltage and a short response time, a sufficiently wide nematic phase, an advantageous birefringence (Δn) and at the same time a high transmittance, a high contrast, a good stability against decomposition by heating and UV exposure, and a stable high VHR, wherein the nematic liquid-crystalline medium comprises at least one, preferably two or more, compounds of the formula L, preferably compounds selected from the subformulae L-1 to L-4, particularly preferably from the subformulae L-1 and / or L-2, more preferably from the formula L-1, and preferably additionally one or more, preferably two or more, compounds selected from the formulae II and III, whereas the former are preferably of the formulae II-1 and / or II-2, and / or one or more, preferably two or more, compounds selected from the formulae IV and / or V, and preferably one or more compounds selected from the formulae VII to IX, all of which formulae are defined herein below.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulae I and B, preferably from the subformulae I-1 and I-2 and B-1 and B-2, respectively, particularly preferably from the subformulae I-1 and / or I-2 and B-1 and / or B-2, most preferably from the formulae I-2, B-1 and B-2, most preferably both from the formula I-1 and the formula I-2 and from the formula B-1 and / or the formula B-2.

[0039] This type of medium can be used in particular for electro-optical displays with active matrix addressing, such as IPS- or FFS-displays.

[0040] The medium according to the application preferably additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae II and III, preferably one or more compounds of formula II, more preferably additionally one or more compounds of formula III, and most preferably additionally one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae IV and V and again preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae VI to IX, all formulae being defined below.

[0041] The mixtures according to the application preferably exhibit a very wide nematic phase range (clearing point > 70°C), a very advantageous threshold for capacitance, a relatively high value for the retention ratio and at the same time a good low-temperature stability at -20°C and -30°C, and a very low rotational viscosity. The mixtures according to the application are further characterized by a good ratio of clearing point to rotational viscosity and a relatively high positive dielectric anisotropy.

[0042] It has now surprisingly been found that FFS type LCDs using liquid crystals with a positive dielectric anisotropy can be realized by using specifically selected liquid crystal media. These media are characterized by a specific combination of physical properties. Most decisive among these are their dielectric properties and here the high average dielectric constant (ε av ), the high dielectric constant perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules (ε ⊥ ), and in particular the relatively high ratio of these two latter values: (ε ⊥ / Δε).

[0043] On the one hand, the liquid crystal media according to the application preferably have a dielectric anisotropy value of 1.5 or more, preferably 2.5 or more. On the other hand, they preferably have a dielectric anisotropy of 26 or less, preferably 15 or less, most preferably 10 or less.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal media according to the application have a positive dielectric anisotropy, preferably of 1.5 or more to 20.0 or less, more preferably of 2.0 or more to 15.0 or less and most preferably of 2.0 or more to 12.0.

[0045] The liquid crystal media of the present application comprise

[0046] a) one or more compounds of formula L, preferably in a concentration range of 1% to 40%, more preferably of 2% to 30%, particularly preferably of 3% to 20%,

[0047]

[0048] wherein

[0049] R L1 and R L2 Each of these groups independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups, preferably one CH2 group, may be independently replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -O-, -(CO)-O-, -O-(C=O)-, cyclopropylene, 1,3-cyclobutylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, or 1,3-cyclopentenylene, preferably by cyclopropylene or 1,3-cyclopentylene, and preferably one CH2 group may be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, or 1,3-cyclopentenylene.

[0050] Or an alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, wherein one of the -CH2- groups can be replaced by cyclopropene, 1,3-cyclopropene, 1,3-cyclopropene, or 1,3-cyclopropene-pentenyl, preferably cyclopropene or 1,3-cyclopropene-pentenyl, such substitution is made in a manner that prevents the O atoms from being directly connected to each other, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by a halogen, and

[0051] Y L1 and Y L2 H, F, or Cl may be represented in the same or different ways, with Y being preferred. L1 and Y L2 At least one of them is H, preferably Y. L2 H is the optimal choice, Y is the best choice. L1 and Y L2 It's H.

[0052] Each ring, preferably a phenylene ring, may optionally be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, and preferably with one methyl group.

[0053] And one or more other compounds, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds according to conditions b) to f):

[0054] b) One or more compounds selected from compounds of formulas II and III, preferably compounds having a dielectric anisotropy greater than 3, and preferably one or more compounds of formula II:

[0055]

[0056] in

[0057] R 2 This indicates alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, or fluoroalkoxy groups having 1-7 carbon atoms, and alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl groups having 2-7 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl or alkenyl groups.

[0058]

[0059] independently of one another in each occurrence

[0060]

[0061] preferably

[0062]

[0063] L 21 and L 22 denotes H or F, preferably L 21 denotes F,

[0064] X 2 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms, or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms, preferably F, CI, -OCF3, -O-CH2CF3, -O-CH=CH2, -O-CH=CF2or -CF3, very preferably F, CI, -O-CH=CF2or -OCF3, m denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 2,

[0065] R 3 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and preferably n-alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or alkenyl,

[0066]

[0067] independently of one another in each occurrence

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] preferably

[0071]

[0072] L 31 and L 32 independently of one another denote H or F, preferably L 31 denotes F,

[0073] X 3represents halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 3 C atoms, or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy with 2 or 3 C atoms, F, CI, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -O-CH2CF3, -O-CH=CF2, -O-CH=CH2 or -CF3, very preferably F, CI, -O-CH=CF2, -OCHF2 or -OCF3,

[0074] Z 3 represents -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O- or a single bond, preferably -CH2CH2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH- or a single bond, and very preferably -COO-, trans-CH2CH2- or a single bond, and,

[0075] n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1, 2 or 3 and particularly preferably 1,

[0076] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group,

[0077] c) optionally, preferably mandatorily, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulae IV and V:

[0078]

[0079] wherein

[0080] R 41 and R 42 independently of one another have the meaning of R 2 in formula II above, preferably R 41 represents alkyl and R 42 represents alkyl or alkoxy or R 41 represents alkenyl and R 42 represents alkyl,

[0081]

[0082] independently of one another and if

[0083] occurs twice

[0084] these also independently of one another represent,

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] preferably,

[0088] One or more representations in

[0089]

[0090] Z 41 and Z 42 Independent of each other and if Z 41 If these appear twice, they independently represent -CH2CH2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O-, -CF2O-, -C≡C-, or a single bond, preferably one or more of them representing a single bond.

[0091] p represents 0, 1, or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and

[0092] R 51 and R 52 They are independent of each other for R 41 and R 42 The indicated meaning and preferred meaning refer to an alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably an n-alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkoxy group, particularly preferably an n-alkoxy group having 2-5 carbon atoms; an alkoxyalkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkenyloxy group having 2-7 carbon atoms, preferably an alkoxyalkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkenyloxy group having 2-4 carbon atoms, preferably an alkenyloxy group.

[0093] to

[0094] If they exist, they are represented independently of each other.

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] Preferred

[0098]

[0099] Preferred

[0100] express

[0101] If it exists, then

[0102]

[0103] Preferred representation

[0104] Z 51 To Z 53each, independently of one another, denotes -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or a single bond, preferably -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O- or a single bond and particularly preferably a single bond,

[0105] i and j each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1,

[0106] (i + j) preferably denotes 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 1,

[0107] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can each be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group, and

[0108] with the proviso that the compounds of the formula L are excluded from the compounds of the formula III, and

[0109] d) optionally, preferably mandatorily, or alternatively or in addition, one or more compounds of dielectric negativity selected from the group of the formulae VI-IX:

[0110]

[0111] wherein

[0112] R 61 denotes an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, more preferably an n-alkyl group, most preferably propyl or pentyl, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group, particularly preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms,

[0113] R 62 denotes an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and

[0114] l denotes 0 or 1,

[0115] R 71 denotes an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, more preferably an n-alkyl group, most preferably propyl or pentyl, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group, particularly preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms,

[0116] R 72represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, more preferably an n-alkyl group, most preferably a propyl group or a pentyl group, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group, particularly preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, and

[0117] represents

[0118]

[0119] R 81 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, more preferably an n-alkyl group, most preferably a propyl group or a pentyl group, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group, particularly preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, and

[0120] R 82 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, more preferably an n-alkyl group, most preferably a propyl group or a pentyl group, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group, particularly preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, and

[0121] represents

[0122]

[0123] preferably

[0124]

[0125] more preferably

[0126]

[0127] Z 8 represents -(C=0)-0-, -CH2-0-, -CF2-0- or -CH2-CH2-, preferably -(C=0)-0- or -CH2-0-, and

[0128] o represents 0 or 1,

[0129] R 91 and R 92 independently of one another have the meanings given above for R 72

[0130] R 91 preferably represents an alkyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 3 to 5 C atoms,

[0131] R​92 preferably alkyl or alkoxy radicals having 2 to 5 C atoms, more preferably alkoxy radicals having 2 to 4 C atoms, or alkenyloxy radicals having 2 to 4 C atoms,

[0132] represents

[0133] p and q each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, and

[0134] (p + q) preferably denotes 0 or 1,

[0135] if

[0136] represents

[0137] then, optionally, preferably p = q = 1,

[0138] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can each be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group,

[0139] e) optionally, preferably mandatorily, one or more compounds of the formula B, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae B-1 and B-2, preferably in a concentration in the range from 1 % to 60 %, more preferably from 2 % to 40 %, particularly preferably from 3 % to 35 %,

[0140]

[0141] wherein

[0142] represents

[0143]

[0144] in each occurrence, independently of one another,

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] preferably

[0148] n denotes 1 or 2, preferably 1,

[0149] R 1represents alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, and most preferably alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy, and

[0150] X 1 represents F, Cl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy or fluoroalkenyloxy, the latter four radicals preferably having 1 to 4 C atoms, and more preferably F, Cl, CF3or OCF3,

[0151] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group, and

[0152] f) optionally, preferably mandatorily, alternatively or in addition, one or more compounds of the formula I,

[0153]

[0154] wherein

[0155] represents

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] represents

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] preferably

[0162]

[0163] n represents 0 or 1,

[0164] R 11 and R 12 each, independently of one another, represents alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one CH2group can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3-cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, and most preferably alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy, and R 11 optionally represents R 1 and R 12 optionally represents X1 ,

[0165] R 1 represents alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one CH2group can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3-cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene, preferably alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl, having 2 to 7 C atoms, and preferably alkyl or alkenyl, and

[0166] X 1 represents F, CI, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy or fluoroalkenyloxy, the latter four radicals preferably having 1 to 4 C atoms, more preferably F, CI, CF3or OCF3,

[0167] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl, preferably by one methyl group,

[0168] The compounds of the formula B are not contained therein.

[0169] Throughout the present application, 1,3-cyclopentenylene is a moiety selected from the group consisting of

[0170]

[0171] Preferably

[0172]

[0173] Most preferably

[0174]

[0175] Preferably, the medium according to the present application comprises one or more compounds of the formula L, which are selected from the group consisting of formulae L-1 to L-4, preferably formula L-1 and / or formula L-2, most preferably a compound of the formula L-1,

[0176]

[0177] wherein

[0178] R L1 and R L2 have the respective meanings given above, and preferably

[0179] R L1 represents alkyl having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, most preferably 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably n-alkyl, wherein one or more CH2groups, preferably one CH2group, can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3-cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene,

[0180] or alkenyl having 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 7, most preferably 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably vinyl or 1 -E-alkenyl, and

[0181] R L2 represents alkyl having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, most preferably 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably n-alkyl, wherein one or more CH2groups, preferably one CH2group, can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3-cyclopentyl or by 1,3- cyclopentenylene, and

[0182] wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be each substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl, preferably by one methyl group.

[0183] Examples of preferred compounds of the formula L, wherein the phenyl ring is substituted by alkyl, are those selected from the group consisting of

[0184]

[0185] wherein the parameters have the respective meanings given above, including the respective preferred meanings.

[0186] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the application preferably has a nematic phase.

[0187] Throughout the present application, especially for the definitions of R L1 and R L2 alkyl means an alkyl group which can be linear or branched. Each of these groups is preferably linear and preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 C atoms, thus preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl.

[0188] In case alkyl denotes a branched alkyl group, it preferably denotes a 2-alkyl group, a 2-methylalkyl group or a 2-(2-ethyl)-alkyl group, preferably a 2-butyl (=1 -methylpropyl), a 2-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a 2-propylpentyl group, in particular a 2-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylbutoxy group, a 4-methylhexyl group, a 2-hexyl group, a 2-octyl group, a 2-nonyl group, a 2-decyl group and a 2-dodecyl group. Most preferred among these groups are the 2-hexyl group and the 2-octyl group.

[0189] Each of the branched groups, in particular for R L1 and R L2 which results in chiral compounds, is also referred to as chiral group in the present application. Particularly preferred chiral groups are 2-alkyl, 2-alkoxy, 2-methylalkyl, 2-methylalkoxy, 2-fluoroalkyl, 2-fluoroalkoxy, 2-(2-ethynyl)-alkyl, 2-(2-ethynyl)-alkoxy, 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-alkyl and 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-alkoxy.

[0190] Particularly preferred chiral radicals are, for example, 2-butyl (= 1 -methylpropyl), 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, in particular 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, 1 -methylhexyloxy, 2-octyloxy, 2-oxy-3-methylbutyl, 3-oxy-4-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 2-hexyl, 2-octyl, 2-nonyl, 2-decyl, 2-dodecyl, 6-methoxyoctyloxy, 6-methyloctyloxy, 6-methyloctanoyloxy, 5-methylheptyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbutyryloxy, 3-methylvaleryloxy, 4-methylhexanoyloxy, 2-chloropropionyloxy, 2-chloro-3-methylbutyryloxy, 2-chloro-4-methylvaleryloxy, 2-chloro-3-methylvaleryloxy, 2-methyl-3-oxapentyl, 2-methyl-3-oxahexyl, 1 -methoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1 -ethoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1 -propoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1 -butoxypropyl-2-oxy, 2-fluorooctyloxy, 2-fluorodecyloxy, 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-octyloxy, 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-octyl, 2-fluoromethyloctyloxy. Very preferred are 2-hexyl, 2-octyl, 2-octyloxy, 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-hexyl, 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-octyl and 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2-octyloxy.

[0191] Throughout the present application, in particular for the definition of R D Alkenyl means an alkenyl group which can be straight-chain or branched, preferably straight-chain, and preferably has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 or 8 carbon atoms. Preferably, it is a vinyl group, a 1 -E-alkenyl group or a 3-E-alkenyl group, most preferably it is a vinyl group, a 1 -E-propenyl group, a 1 -E-butenyl group, a 1 -E-pentenyl group, a 3-butenyl group or a 3-E-pentenyl group.

[0192] The compounds of the general formula L are prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for said reactions. Use can be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here in greater detail.

[0193] If desired, the starting materials can also be formed in situ, without their isolation from the reaction mixture, but by immediate further conversion into the compounds of the general formula L.

[0194] A preferred synthesis route for the compounds according to the application is shown in the following scheme and is further illustrated by means of working examples. By selecting suitable starting materials, the synthesis can be adapted to the specific desired compounds of general formula L.

[0195] The compounds of formula L-1 can be synthesized as described in WO 2019 / 034588 A1.

[0196] The compounds of general formula L are preferably synthesized as shown in Scheme 1 below.

[0197] Scheme 1

[0198]

[0199] wherein R L1 , R L2 , Y L1 and Y L2 have the respective meanings given above under formula L and the respective subformulae thereof.

[0200] The compounds of formula L-3 are preferably synthesized as shown in Scheme 2.

[0201] Scheme 2

[0202]

[0203] wherein R L1 , R L2 and Y L2 have the respective meanings given above under formula L and subformula L-3.

[0204] The compounds of general formula L can be advantageously used in liquid-crystalline media. The present application therefore also relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising two or more liquid-crystalline compounds, comprising one or more compounds of general formula L.

[0205] The present application furthermore relates to a liquid-crystalline display, in particular an IPS or FFS display, particularly preferably an FFS or SG-FFS display, containing a liquid-crystalline medium according to the application.

[0206] The present application furthermore relates to an IPS or FFS type liquid-crystalline display comprising a liquid-crystalline cell which consists of two substrates, of which at least one is transparent to light and at least one has an electrode layer, and a layer of a liquid-crystalline medium located between the substrates, which comprises a polymerisable component and a low-molecular-weight component, wherein the polymerisable component is obtainable by polymerisation of one or more polymerisable compounds in the liquid-crystalline medium between the substrates of the liquid-crystalline cell, preferably by applying a voltage, and wherein the low-molecular-weight component is a liquid-crystalline mixture according to the application as described above and below.

[0207] The display according to the present application is preferably addressed by an active matrix (active matrix LCD, for short AMD), preferably by a matrix of thin film transistors (TFT). However, the liquid crystals according to the present application can also be used in a display having other known addressing modes in an advantageous manner.

[0208] The present application furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of a liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application by mixing one or more compounds of formula L, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae L-1 to L-4, most preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae L-1 to L-3, with one or more low-molecular-weight liquid-crystalline compounds or liquid-crystalline mixtures and, optionally, with further liquid-crystalline compounds and / or additives.

[0209] The following meanings apply in the context:

[0210] The term "FFS" is used to denote FFS and XB-FFS displays, unless otherwise specified.

[0211] The term "mesogenic group" is known to the person skilled in the art and is described in the literature and denotes a group which, due to its anisotropy of attraction and repulsion interactions, contributes essentially to the induction of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or polymeric substances. A compound containing mesogenic groups (mesogenic compound) does not necessarily have a liquid-crystalline phase itself. A mesogenic compound can also only exhibit liquid-crystalline behaviour in mixture with other compounds and / or after polymerisation. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod-like or disc-like units. A review of the terminology and definitions used in connection with mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 73(5), 888 (2001) and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368.

[0212] The term "spacer group" or simply "spacer" (in the context also referred to as "Sp") is known to the person skilled in the art and is described in the literature, see for example Pure Appl. Chem. 73(5), 888 (2001) and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. Unless otherwise indicated, the term "spacer group" or "spacer" in the context denotes a flexible group which links the mesogenic group and the polymerisable group(s) to each other in a polymerisable mesogenic compound.

[0213] For the purposes of the present application, the term "liquid-crystalline medium" is intended to mean a medium comprising a liquid-crystalline mixture and one or more polymerisable compounds, for example reactive mesogens. The term "liquid-crystalline mixture" (or "host mixture") is intended to mean a liquid-crystalline mixture consisting exclusively of non-polymerisable low-molecular-weight compounds, preferably two or more liquid-crystalline compounds and optionally further additives, for example chiral dopants or stabilisers.

[0214] Particular preference is given to liquid-crystalline mixtures and liquid- crystalline media which have a nematic phase, in particular at room temperature.

[0215] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more preferably dielectrically positive compounds, preferably having a dielectric anisotropy of greater than 3, selected from the group of compounds of the formulae II-1 and II-2:

[0216]

[0217] in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above under formula II, and L 23 and L 24 independently of one another, denote H or F, preferably L 23 denotes F, and

[0218] have one of the meanings given for

[0219] one of the meanings given for

[0220] and, in the case of formulae II-1 and II-2, X 2 preferably denotes F or OCF3, particularly preferably F, and, in the case of formula II-2,

[0221] and

[0222] independently of one another, preferably denote

[0223]

[0224] and wherein each ring, preferably a phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group,

[0225] and / or are selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-1 and III-2:

[0226]

[0227] in which the parameters have the meanings given under formula III,

[0228] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group,

[0229] and the medium according to the present application comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3 instead of and / or in addition to compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2

[0230]

[0231] wherein the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above, and the parameter L 31 and L 32 independently of each other and of the other parameters, denote H or F,

[0232] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0233] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formulae II-1 and II-2, wherein L 21 and L 22 and / or L 23 and L 24 all denote F.

[0234] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formulae II-1 and II-2, wherein L 21 , L 22 , L 23 and L 24 all denote F.

[0235] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula II-1. The compounds of formula II-1 are preferably selected from compounds of formulae II-1 a to II-1 e, preferably one or more compounds of formulae II-1 a and / or II-1 b and / or II-1 d, preferably compounds of formulae II-1 a and / or II-1 d or II-1 b and / or II-1 d, most preferably compounds of formula II-1 d:

[0236]

[0237]

[0238] wherein the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above, and the parameter L 25 and L 26 independently of each other and of the other parameters, denote H or F, and preferably

[0239] In formulae II-1 a and II-1 b,

[0240] L 21 and L 22 each denote F,

[0241] In formulae II-1 c and II-1 d,

[0242] L 21 and L 22 each denote F and / or L 23 and L 24 each denote F, and

[0243] In formula II-1 e,

[0244] L 21 , L 22 and L 23 denote F,

[0245] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group, each.

[0246] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula II-2, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae II-2a to II-2k, preferably one or more compounds of each of formulae II-2a and / or II-2h and / or II-2j:

[0247]

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] wherein the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above, and L 25 to L 28 , independently of each other, denote H or F, preferably L 27 and L 28 each denote H, particularly preferably L 26 denotes H,

[0251] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group, each.

[0252] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises a compound selected from compounds of formulae II-2a to II-2k, wherein L 21 and L 22 each denote F and / or L 23 and L 24 each denote F.

[0253] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae II-2a to II-2k, wherein L 21 , L 22 , L 23 and L 24 all denote F.

[0254] Especially preferred compounds of formula II-2 are compounds of the following formulae, particularly preferred are formulae II-2a-1 and / or II-2h-1 and / or II-2k-2:

[0255]

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] wherein R 2 and X 2 have the above given meanings, and X 2 preferably denotes F,

[0259] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group, each.

[0260] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1. The compounds of formula III-1 are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae III-1a to III-1j, preferably from formulae III-1c, III-1f, III-1g and III-1j:

[0261]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] wherein the parameters have the above given meanings and preferably wherein the parameters have the above given respective meanings, the parameters L 33 and L 34 independently of each other and of the other parameters, denote H or F, and the parameters L 35 and L 36 independently of each other and of the other parameters, denote H or F,

[0265] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group, each.

[0266] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 c, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1 c-1 to III-1 c-5, preferably of formula III-1 c-1 and / or III-1 c-2, most preferably of formula III-1 c-1 :

[0267]

[0268]

[0269] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0270] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 f, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1 f-1 to III-1 f-6, preferably of formula III-1 f-1 and / or III-1 f-2 and / or III-1 f-3 and / or III-1 f-6, more preferably of formula III-1 f-3 and / or III-1 f-6, more preferably of formula III-1 f-6:

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0274] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 g, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1 g-1 to III-1 g-5, preferably of formula III-1 g-3:

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0278] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 h, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1 h-1 to III-1 h-3, preferably of formula III-1 h-3:

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] wherein the parameters have the meanings given above, and X 3 preferably denotes F and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group.

[0282] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1i, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1i-1 and III-1i-2, preferably of formula III-1i-2:

[0283]

[0284] wherein the parameters have the meanings given above, and X 3 preferably denotes F and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group.

[0285] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1j, which are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-1j-1 and III-1j-2, preferably of formula III-1j-1:

[0286]

[0287]

[0288] wherein the parameters have the meanings given above and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group.

[0289] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2. The compounds of formula III-2 are preferably selected from compounds of formulae III-2a and III-2b, preferably of formula III-2b:

[0290]

[0291] wherein the parameters have the meanings given above, and the parameter L 33 and L 34 independently of each other and of the other parameters, denote H or F, and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, preferably with methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably with one methyl group.

[0292] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2a, which are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae III-2a-1 to III-2a-6:

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0296] The liquid-crystalline medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2b, which are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae III-2b-1 to III-2b-4, preferably III-2b-4:

[0297]

[0298]

[0299] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0300] Instead of or in addition to compounds of formulae III-1 and / or III-2, the medium according to the application can also comprise one or more compounds of formula III-3

[0301]

[0302] wherein the parameters have the respective meanings as indicated above in formula II.I and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0303] These compounds are preferably selected from the group consisting of formulae III-3a and III-3b:

[0304]

[0305] wherein R 3 have the above-mentioned meanings and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl groups, preferably by one methyl group.

[0306] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the application preferably comprises one or more dielectrically neutral compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of -1.5 to 3, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae VI, VII, VIII and IX.

[0307] In the present application, the elements include all isotopes of the respective elements. In particular, one or more H in the compounds can be replaced by D, and this is also particularly preferred in certain embodiments. A high degree of tritiation of the respective compounds can, for example, detect and identify the compounds. This is very useful in certain cases, in particular in the case of compounds of formula I.

[0308] In the present application,

[0309] alkyl preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular CH3-, C2H5-, n-C3H7-, n-C4H9- or n-C5H 11 - and

[0310] alkenyl preferably denotes CH2=CH-, E-CH3-CH=CH-, CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-,

[0311] E-CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2- or E-(n-C3H7)-CH=CH-.

[0312] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of formula VI, selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae VI-1 and VI-2, preferably one or more compounds of formula VI-1 and one or more compounds of formula VI-2,

[0313]

[0314] where the parameters have the respective meanings given in formula VI above and preferably in formula VI-1

[0315] R 61 and R 62 independently of one another denote methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy, preferably ethoxy, butoxy or pentoxy, more preferably ethoxy or butoxy, and most preferably butoxy;

[0316] in formula VI-2

[0317] R 61 preferably denote vinyl, 1-E-propenyl, but-4-en-1-yl, pent-1-en-1-yl or pent-3-en-1-yl and n-propyl or n-pentyl, and

[0318] R 62represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, or, preferably, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, particularly preferably having 2 or 4 C atoms, and most preferably ethoxy, and

[0319] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VII, selected from the group of compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-3, preferably one or more compounds each of the formula VII-1 and one or more compounds of the formula VII-2,

[0320]

[0321]

[0322] in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in formula VII above, and preferably,

[0323] R 71 represents vinyl, 1-E-propenyl, but-4-en-1-yl, pent-1-en-1-yl or pent-3-en-1-yl, n-propyl or n-pentyl and

[0324] R 72 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, or, preferably, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, particularly preferably having 2 or 4 C atoms, and most preferably ethoxy,

[0325] and wherein each ring, preferably the phenylene ring, optionally can be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, preferably by methyl and / or ethyl, preferably by one methyl group.

[0326] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VI-1, selected from the group of the following compounds:

[0327]

[0328]

[0329] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VI-2, selected from the group of the following compounds:

[0330]

[0331] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VII-1, selected from the group of the following compounds:

[0332]

[0333] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VII-2, which are selected from the following compounds:

[0334]

[0335] In addition to the compounds of the formula B or preferred subformulae thereof, the medium according to the application preferably also comprises one or more dielectrically negative compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VI and VII, preferably in a total concentration of 5% or more to 90% or less, preferably 10% or more to 80% or less, particularly preferably 20% or more to 70% or less.

[0336] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application in each case comprises one or more compounds of the formula VIII, selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VIII-1 to VIII-3, preferably one or more compounds of the formula VIII-1 and / or one or more compounds of the formula VIII-3,

[0337]

[0338]

[0339] in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in formula VIII above, and preferably

[0340] R 81 denotes vinyl, 1-E-propenyl, but-4-en-1-yl, pent-1-en-1-yl or pent-3-en-1-yl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-pentyl, alkyl, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-pentyl and

[0341] R 82 denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 -7 C atoms, preferably having 1 -5 C atoms, or an unsubstituted alkoxy radical having 1 -6 C atoms.

[0342] In the formulae VIII-1 and VIII-2, R 82 denotes an alkoxy radical having 2 or 4 C atoms and, most preferably, ethoxy and, in the formula VIII-3, it preferably denotes alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, most preferably methyl.

[0343] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV, preferably of the formula IVa,

[0344]

[0345] in which

[0346] R41 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and

[0347] R 42 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, all preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, and in particular a vinyl group.

[0348] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae IV-1 to IV-4, preferably of the formula IV-1

[0349]

[0350] wherein

[0351] alkyl and alkyl’ independently of one another represent an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms,

[0352] alkenyl and alkenyl’ independently of one another represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 C atoms,

[0353] alkenyl’ preferably represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably having 2 to 3 C atoms, and

[0354] alkoxy represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms.

[0355] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the application comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 and / or one or more compounds of the formula IV-2.

[0356] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula V.

[0357] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula I selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae I-1 and I-2:

[0358]

[0359] wherein

[0360] R 11 and R12 independently of one another alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one CH2group can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3- cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, most preferably alkoxy or alkenyloxy,

[0361] R 1 independently of one another alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one CH2group can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3- cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, most preferably alkoxy or alkenyloxy,

[0362] X 1 represents F, CI, CN, NCS, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy or fluoroalkenyloxy, the latter four radicals preferably having 1 to 4 C atoms, preferably F, CI, CF3or OCF3, more preferably F, CF3or OCF3, and most preferably OCF3or CF3.

[0363] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula B, which are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae B-1 and B-2:

[0364]

[0365]

[0366] wherein

[0367] R 1 independently of one another alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one CH2group can be replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, by 1,3- cyclopentyl or by 1,3-cyclopentenylene, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, most preferably alkoxy or alkenyloxy,

[0368] X 1 represents F, CI, CN, NCS, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy or fluoroalkenyloxy, the latter four radicals preferably having 1 to 4 C atoms, preferably F, CI, CF3or OCF3, more preferably F, CF3or OCF3, and most preferably OCF3or CF3.

[0369] The medium according to the application preferably comprises the following compounds in the indicated total concentration:

[0370] 1 to 30 wt.-% of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula L, and

[0371] 0 to 30 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula I, preferably selected from compounds of formulae I-1 and I-2, most preferably selected from compounds of formula I-2, and / or

[0372] 2 to 60 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula II, preferably selected from compounds of formulae II-1 and II-2, and / or

[0373] 1 to 60 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula III, and / or

[0374] 20 to 80 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula IV, and / or

[0375] 0 to 25 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula V, and / or

[0376] 0 to 25 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula VI, and / or

[0377] 0 to 20 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula VII, and / or

[0378] 0 to 30 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula VIII, preferably selected from compounds of formulae VIII-1 and VIII-2, and / or

[0379] 0 to 60 wt.-% of one or more compounds of formula IX, and / or

[0380] 0 to 30 wt.-% of one or more compounds selected from formula B,

[0381] wherein the total content of all compounds of formulae L, I to IX and B present in the medium is preferably 95 % or more and more preferably 97 % or more, and most preferably 100 %.

[0382] The latter condition applies to all media according to the application.

[0383] In a further preferred embodiment, the media according to the application, in addition to the compounds of formula L or its preferred subformulae, and the compounds of formulae II and / or III and / or VI and / or VII and / or VIII and / or IX and / or I and / or B, preferably comprise one or more dielectrically neutral compounds selected from compounds of formulae IV and V, preferably in a total concentration of 5 % or more to 90 % or less, preferably 10 % or more to 80 % or less, particularly preferably 20 % or more to 70 % or less.

[0384] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the media according to the application comprise

[0385] one or more compounds of formula L in a total concentration of 3 % or more to 50 % or less, preferably 5 % or more to 30 % or less, and

[0386] one or more compounds of the formula II in a total concentration of 5% or more to 50% or less, preferably 10% or more to 40% or less, and / or

[0387] one or more compounds of the formula VII-1 in a total concentration of 5% or more to 30% or less, and / or

[0388] one or more compounds of the formula VII-2 in a total concentration of 3% or more to 30% or less, and / or

[0389] one or more compounds of the formula I in a total concentration of 3% or more to 50% or less, preferably 5% or more to 30% or less, and / or

[0390] one or more compounds of the formula B in a total concentration of 3% or more to 50% or less, preferably 5% or more to 30% or less.

[0391] The concentration of the compounds of the formula L in the medium according to the application is preferably 1% or more to 20% or less, more preferably 1.5% or more to 20% or less, most preferably 2% or more to 10% or less.

[0392] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the concentration of the compounds of the formula II in the medium is 3% or more to 60% or less, more preferably 5% or more to 55% or less, more preferably 10% or more to 50% or less and most preferably 15% or more to 45% or less.

[0393] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the concentration of the compounds of the formula VII in the medium is 2% or more to 50% or less, more preferably 5% or more to 40% or less, more preferably 10% or more to 35% or less and most preferably 15% or more to 30% or less.

[0394] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the concentration of the compounds of the formula VII-1 in the medium is 1% or more to 40% or less, more preferably 2% or more to 35% or less or, alternatively, 15% or more to 25% or less.

[0395] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the concentration of the compounds of the formula VII-2, if present, in the medium is 1% or more to 40% or less, more preferably 5% or more to 35% or less and most preferably 10% or more to 30% or less.

[0396] The concentration of the compounds of the formula B in the medium according to the application is preferably 1% or more to 60% or less, more preferably 3% or more to 40% or less, most preferably 5% or more to 35% or less.

[0397] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the compound of formula I in the medium according to the invention is 1% or more up to 60% or less, more preferably 2% or more up to 40% or less, and most preferably 3% or more up to 35% or less.

[0398] The present invention also relates to electro-optic displays or electro-optic components comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the invention. Preferred are electro-optic displays based on the VA, ECB, IPS, or FFS effect, especially those addressed by active matrix addressing devices.

[0399] Accordingly, the present invention also relates to the use of the liquid crystal medium according to the invention in electro-optic displays or electro-optic components, and to a method for preparing the liquid crystal medium according to the invention, characterized by mixing one or more compounds of formula B with one or more compounds of formula I, preferably with one or more sub-formulas I-1 and / or I-2, preferably with compounds of formula I-2, and / or with one or more compounds of formula II, preferably with one or more sub-formulas II-1 and / or II-2, with one or more compounds of formula VII, preferably with one or more sub-formulas VII-1 and / or VII-2, particularly preferably two or more, preferably three or more, and very particularly preferably compounds selected from all four of these formulas II-1, II-2, VII-1, and VII-2, and one or more other compounds, preferably compounds selected from formulas IV and V, more preferably with one or more compounds of formulas IV and V.

[0400] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV, selected from compounds of formula IV-2 and IV-3.

[0401]

[0402] in

[0403] alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2-5 carbon atoms.

[0404] alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group having 1-5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2-4 carbon atoms.

[0405] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas V-1 and V-2, preferably compounds of formula V-1.

[0406]

[0407] The parameters have the meanings given in equation V above, and the preferred values.

[0408] R 51 This indicates an alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, and

[0409] R 52 The term indicates an alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group, with a particular preference for alkyl groups.

[0410] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula V-1 selected from compounds of formulas V-1a and V-1b.

[0411]

[0412] in

[0413] alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2-5 carbon atoms, and

[0414] alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2-5 carbon atoms.

[0415] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing birefringent wavelength scattering in a liquid crystal medium comprising one or more compounds of formula II, optionally one or more compounds selected from formulas VII-1 and VII-2 and / or one or more compounds of formula IV and / or one or more compounds of formula V, characterized in that one or more compounds of formula B are used in the medium.

[0416] In addition to compounds of formulas L, I to IX and B, other components may also be present, for example, in amounts of up to 45%, but preferably up to 35%, particularly up to 10%, based on the entire mixture.

[0417] The medium according to the invention may optionally contain a dielectric positive compound, the total concentration of which is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, based on the entire medium.

[0418] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention comprises, based on the entire mixture, a total of:

[0419] 1% or more to 30% or less, preferably 1.5% or more to 20% or less, particularly preferably 2% or more to 10% or less of compound of formula L, and / or

[0420] 1% or more to 20% or less, preferably 1% or more to 15% or less, particularly preferably 2% or more to 12% or less of compound B, and / or

[0421] 0 % or more to 20 % or less, preferably 0 % or more to 15 % or less, particularly preferably 0 % or more to 12 % or less of compounds of formula I, and / or

[0422] 3 % or more to 50 % or less, preferably 4 % or more to 45 % or less, particularly preferably 5 % or more to 40 % or less of compounds of formula II and / or III, and / or

[0423] 0 % or more to 35 % or less, preferably 2 % or more to 30 % or less, particularly preferably 3 % or more to 25 % or less of compounds of formula IV and / or V, and / or

[0424] 5 % or more to 50 % or less, 10 % or more to 45 % or less, preferably 15 % or more to 40 % or less of compounds of formula VI and / or VII and / or VIII and / or IX.

[0425] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application can comprise one or more chiral compounds.

[0426] Particularly preferred embodiments of the present application meet one or more of the following conditions:

[0427] wherein the abbreviations (short forms) are explained in Tables A to C and illustrated by examples in Table D.

[0428] The medium according to the present application preferably meets one or more of the following conditions.

[0429] i. The liquid-crystalline medium has a birefringence of 0.060 or more, particularly preferably 0.070 or more.

[0430] ii. The liquid-crystalline medium has a birefringence of 0.200 or less, particularly preferably 0.180 or less.

[0431] iii. The liquid-crystalline medium has a birefringence of 0.090 or more to 0.160 or less.

[0432] iv. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more particularly preferred compounds of formula L, preferably selected from (sub-)formulae L-1 to L-4, most preferably from (sub-)formulae L-1 to L-3.

[0433] v. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more particularly preferred compounds of formula B, preferably selected from sub-formulae B-1 and B-2, more preferably from sub-formula B-2.

[0434] vi. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more particularly preferred compounds of formula I, preferably selected from sub-formulae I-1 and I-2, more preferably from sub-formula I-2.

[0435] vii. The total concentration of compounds of formula II in the entire mixture is 25% or more, preferably 30% or more, and preferably 25% or more to 49% or less, particularly preferably 29% or more to 47% or less, and very particularly preferably 37% or more to 44% or less.

[0436] viii. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV selected from the group consisting of CC-n-V and / or CC-n-Vm and / or CC-V-V and / or CC-V-Vn and / or CC-nV-Vn, particularly preferably CC-3-V, preferably in a concentration of at most 60% or less, particularly preferably at most 50% or less, and optionally further CC-3-V1, preferably in a concentration of at most 15% or less, and / or CC-4-V, preferably in a concentration of at most 40% or less, particularly preferably at most 30% or less.

[0437] ix. The medium comprises compounds of formula CC-n-V, preferably CC-3-V, preferably in a concentration of 1% or more to 60% or less, more preferably in a concentration of 3% or more to 35% or less.

[0438] x. The total concentration of compounds of formula CC-3-V in the entire mixture is preferably 15% or less, preferably 10% or less or 20% or more, preferably 25% or more.

[0439] xi. The total concentration of compounds of formula Y-nO-Om in the entire mixture is 2% or more to 30% or less, preferably 5% or more to 15% or less.

[0440] xii. The total concentration of compounds of formula CY-n-Om in the entire mixture is 5% or more to 60% or less, preferably 15% or more to 45% or less.

[0441] xiii. The total concentration of compounds of formula CCY-n-Om and / or CCY-n-m, preferably CCY-n-Om, in the entire mixture is 5% or more to 40% or less, preferably 1% or more to 25% or less.

[0442] xiv. The total concentration of compounds of formula CLY-n-Om in the entire mixture is 5% or more to 40% or less, preferably 10% or more to 30% or less.

[0443] xv. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV, preferably compounds of formula IV-1 and / or IV-2, preferably in a total concentration of 1% or more, particularly 2% or more, and very particularly preferably 3% or more to 50% or less, preferably 35% or less.

[0444] xvi. The liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more compounds of formula V, preferably compounds of formula V-1 and / or V-2, preferably in a total concentration of 1 % or more, in particular 2 % or more, and very particularly preferably 15 % or more to 35 % or less, preferably to 30 % or less.

[0445] xvii. The total concentration of compounds of formula CCP-V-n, preferably CCP-V-1, in the mixture as a whole is preferably 5 % or more to 30 % or less, preferably 15 % or more to 25 % or less.

[0446] xviii. The total concentration of compounds of formula CCP-V2-n, preferably CCP-V2-1, in the mixture as a whole is preferably 1 % or more to 15 % or less, preferably 2 % or more to 10 % or less.

[0447] The application further relates to electro-optical displays having active matrix addressing based on the VA, ECB, IPS, FFS or UB-FFS effect, characterized in that they contain, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium according to the application.

[0448] The liquid-crystalline mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 70 degrees in width.

[0449] The rotational viscosity γ1 is preferably 350 mPa-s or less, preferably 250 mPa-s or less and in particular 150 mPa-s or less.

[0450] The mixtures according to the application are suitable for all IPS and FFS-TFT applications using dielectrically positive liquid-crystalline media, for example XB-FFS.

[0451] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the application preferably consists essentially entirely of 4 to 15, in particular 5 to 12, and particularly preferably 10 or fewer compounds. These are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae L, B, I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX.

[0452] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the application can also optionally comprise more than 18 compounds. In this case, they preferably comprise 18 to 25 compounds.

[0453] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the application consists essentially, preferably substantially and most preferably essentially entirely, of compounds which do not comprise a cyano group.

[0454] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application comprises compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae L, B, I, II and III, IV and V and VI to IX, preferably compounds selected from the group consisting of formulae L-1 to L-4, B-1, B-2, I-1, I-2, II-1, II-2, III-1, III-2, IV, V, VII-1, VII-2, VIII and IX; preferably consisting essentially, particularly preferably essentially and very particularly preferably substantially completely of compounds of said formulae.

[0455] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application preferably has a nematic phase in each case at least at -10°C or less to 70°C or more, particularly preferably at -20°C or less to 80°C or more, very particularly preferably at -30°C or less to 85°C or more and most preferably at -40°C or less to 90°C or more.

[0456] The expression "having a nematic phase" here means on the one hand that no smectic phase and no crystallization is observed at the respective temperature at low temperature and on the other hand that no clearing occurs on heating from the nematic phase. The investigation at low temperature is carried out in a flow viscosimeter at the respective temperature and checked by storage in a test cell having a cell gap corresponding to an electro-optical application of at least 100 hours. The medium is regarded as stable at the temperature if the storage stability at a temperature of -20°C is 1,000 h or more in the respective test cell. At temperatures of -30°C and -40°C, the respective times are 500 h and 250 h, respectively. At high temperature, the clearing point is measured in a capillary by conventional methods.

[0457] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application is characterized by values of the optical anisotropy in the moderate to low range. The birefringence values are preferably 0.075 or more to 0.130 or less, particularly preferably 0.085 or more to 0.120 or less and very particularly preferably 0.090 or more to 0.115 or less.

[0458] In this embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application has a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε which is preferably 2.0 or more to 20 or less, more preferably to 15 or less, more preferably 2.0 or more to 10 or less, particularly preferably 2.0 or more to 9.0 or less and very particularly preferably 2.5 or more to 8.0 or less.

[0459] The liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application preferably has a relatively low threshold voltage (V0) value in the range from 1.0 V or more to 5.0 V or less, preferably to 2.5 V or less, preferably 1.2 V or more to 2.2 V or less, particularly preferably 1.3 V or more to 2.0 V or less.

[0460] Furthermore, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application has a high VHR value in a liquid-crystalline cell.

[0461] Generally, liquid-crystalline media having a low addressing voltage or threshold voltage here have a lower VHR than those having a higher addressing voltage or threshold voltage, and vice versa.

[0462] These preferred values of the individual physical properties are also preferably maintained in conjunction with one another by the medium according to the application in each case.

[0463] In the present application, the term "compound(s)", also written as "one or more compounds", refers to both a single compound and to a plurality of compounds, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0464] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium according to the present application comprises

[0465] one or more compounds of the formula L, and

[0466] one or more compounds of the formula B, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae CB-n-F, CB-n-OT, CB-n-T, LB-n-F, LB-n-OT and LB-n-T, more preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae CB-n-OT, CB-n-T, LB-n-OT and LB-n-T, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae CB-n-OT, CB-n-T, and / or

[0467] one or more compounds of the formula II, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae PUQU-n-F, CDUQU-n-F, APUQU-n-F and PGUQU-n-F, and / or

[0468] one or more compounds of the formula III, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae CCP-n-OT, CGG-n-F and CGG-n-OD, and / or

[0469] one or more compounds of the formulae IV and / or V, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae CC-n-V, CCP-n-m, CCP-V-n, CCP-V2-n and CGP-n-n and / or,

[0470] one or more compounds of the formula VI, preferably of the formulae Y-n-Om, Y-nO-Om and / or CY-n-Om, selected from the group consisting of the formulae Y-3-O1, Y-4O-O4, CY-3-O2, CY-3-O4, CY-5-O2 and CY-5-O4, and / or

[0471] Optionally, preferably mandatory, one or more compounds of formula VII-1, preferably selected from compounds of formula CCY-nm and CCY-n-Om, preferably of formula CCY-n-Om, preferably selected from compounds of formula CCY-3-O2, CCY-2-O2, CCY-3-O1, CCY-3-O3, CCY-4-O2, CCY-3-O2 and CCY-5-O2, and / or

[0472] Optionally, preferably mandatory, one or more compounds of formula VII-2, preferably of formula CLY-n-Om, preferably selected from compounds of formula CLY-2-O4, CLY-3-O2, CLY-3-O3, and / or

[0473] One or more compounds of formula VIII, preferably selected from formula CZY-n-On and CCOY-nm and / or

[0474] One or more compounds of formula IX, preferably selected from formulas PYP-nm, PYP-n-mVI and PYP-n-mVI, more preferably selected from formulas PYP-2-3, PYP-2-4, PYP-2-5, PYP-2-V and PYP-2-2V1, and / or

[0475] One or more compounds selected from the formulas PGP-nm, PGP-nV, PGP-n-Vm, PGP-n-mV and PGP-n-mVl, preferably selected from the formulas PGP-2-3, PGP-2-4, PGP-2-5, PGP-1-V, PGP-2-V and PGP-2-2V1, and / or

[0476] Optionally, preferably mandatory, one or more compounds of formula IV, preferably selected from compounds of formula CC-nV, CC-n-Vm, CC-n-mVI and CC-nV-Vm, preferably CC-3-V, CC-3-V1, CC-4-V, CC-5-V, CC-3-2V1 and CC-VV, particularly preferably selected from compounds CC-3-V, CC-3-V1, CC-4-V, CC-3-2V1 and CC-VV, very particularly preferably compound CC-3-V, and optionally additional compounds CC-4-V and / or CC-3-V1 and / or CC-3-2V1 and / or CC-VV, and / or

[0477] Optionally, preferably mandatory, one or more compounds of formula V, preferably selected from formula CCP-V-1 and / or CCP-V2-1.

[0478] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IX.

[0479] Compounds of formula IX are also highly suitable as stabilizers in liquid-crystalline mixtures, especially in the case where p = q = 1 and ring A 9 = 1,4-phenylene. In particular, they stabilize the mixtures against UV exposure with respect to VHR.

[0480] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the application comprises one or more compounds of formula IX, very particularly preferably one or more compounds of formulae IX-1 to IX-4,

[0481]

[0482] where the parameters have the meanings given in formula IX.

[0483] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IX-3, preferably of formula IX-3-a,

[0484]

[0485] wherein

[0486] alkyl and alkyl' independently of one another denote alkyl having 1 -7 C atoms, preferably having 2-5 C atoms,

[0487] In the case where compounds of formula IX are used in the liquid-crystalline medium according to the application, they are preferably present in a concentration of 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less and most preferably 5% or less and for each (homologous) compound preferably a concentration of 10% or less and more preferably 5% or less.

[0488] For the present application, the following definitions apply to describe the composition of the compositions, unless indicated otherwise in each case:

[0489] "comprise": the concentration of the component in question in the composition is preferably 5% or more, particularly preferably 10% or more and very particularly preferably 20% or more,

[0490] "consists essentially of": the concentration of the component in question in the composition is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more and very particularly preferably 60% or more,

[0491] "consists essentially of": the concentration of the component in question in the composition is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more and very particularly preferably 60% or more,

[0492] "consists essentially of": the concentration of the component in question in the composition is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more and very particularly preferably 60% or more,

[0493] This applies both to the medium as a composition with its constituents, which can be a group of compounds as well as individual compounds, and also to the group of compounds with its respective constituents. The term "comprising" means that the concentration of the compound or compounds in question is preferably 1 % or more, particularly preferably 2% or more, very particularly preferably 4% or more, only when the concentration of the individual compounds relative to the entire medium is concerned.

[0494] For the present application, "<" means less than or equal to, preferably less than, and ">" means greater than or equal to, preferably greater than.

[0495] For the present application,

[0496]

[0497] denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexylene,

[0498]

[0499] denotes a mixture of both cis-1,4-cyclohexylene and trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, and

[0500]

[0501] denotes 1,4-phenylene.

[0502] For the present application, the expression "dielectrically positive compound" means a compound with Δε > 1.5, the expression "dielectrically neutral compound" means a compound with -1.5 < Δε < 1.5 and the expression "dielectrically negative compound" means a compound with Δε < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of a compound here is determined by dissolving 10% of the compound in a liquid crystal host and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture in each case in at least one test cell with a 20 pm cell thickness at 1 kHz in a test cell with homeotropic surface alignment and along the surface alignment. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but is always below the threshold of the capacitance of the respective liquid crystal mixture investigated.

[0503] The host mixture for dielectrically positive and dielectrically neutral compounds is ZLI-4792 and for dielectrically negative compounds is ZLI-2857, both from Merck KGaA, Germany. The value of each compound to be investigated is obtained from the change in the dielectric constant of the host mixture after addition of the compound to be investigated and extrapolated to 100% of the compound employed. The compound to be investigated is dissolved in the host mixture in an amount of 10%. If the solubility of the substance is too low for this purpose, the concentration is halved stepwise until the investigation can be carried out at the desired temperature.

[0504] If necessary, the liquid-crystalline media according to the application can also comprise further additives, such as stabilizers and / or pleochroic dyes, such as dichroic dyes and / or chiral dopants, in usual amounts. The amounts of these additives employed preferably add up to 0% or more to 10% or less, based on the amount of the entire mixture, particularly preferably 0.1% or more to 6% or less. The concentration of the individual compounds employed is preferably 0.1% or more to 3% or less. When specifying the concentration and concentration ranges of the liquid-crystalline compounds in the liquid-crystalline media, the concentration of these and similar additives is generally not taken into account.

[0505] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline media according to the application comprise polymer precursors, which comprise one or more reactive compounds, preferably reactive mesogens, and if necessary further additives, such as polymerization initiators and / or polymerization moderators, in usual amounts. The amounts of these additives employed add up to 0% or more to 10% or less, preferably 0.1% or more to 2% or less, based on the amount of the entire mixture. When specifying the concentration and concentration ranges of the liquid-crystalline compounds in the liquid-crystalline media, the concentration of these and similar additives is not taken into account.

[0506] The composition consists of a plurality of compounds, preferably 3 or more to 30 or less, particularly preferably 6 or more to 20 or less and very particularly preferably 10 or more to 16 or less compounds, which are mixed in a customary manner. Usually, the desired amounts of the compounds used in smaller amounts are dissolved in the compounds which constitute the main constituents of the mixture. This is advantageously carried out at elevated temperature. If the temperature chosen is above the clearing point of the main constituents, the completion of the dissolution operation is particularly easily observed. However, the liquid-crystalline mixtures can also be prepared in other customary manner, for example using pre-mixes or from so-called "multi-bottle systems".

[0507] The mixtures according to the application exhibit a very broad nematic phase range with a clearing point of 65°C or more, a very advantageous threshold of capacitance, a relatively high value of the retention ratio and at the same time a very good low-temperature stability at -30°C and -40°C. Furthermore, the mixtures according to the application are characterized by a low rotational viscosity γ1.

[0508] It is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that the media according to the application for VA, IPS, FFS or PALC displays can also comprise compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, CI, F has been replaced by the corresponding isotope.

[0509] The structure of the liquid-crystalline display according to the application corresponds to the general geometry as described, for example, in EP-A 0 240 379.

[0510] The liquid crystal phases according to the present application can be varied by suitable additives in a manner that they can be used in any type of the hitherto disclosed displays, for example IPS and FFS LCD displays.

[0511] The following table E indicates possible dopants that can be added to the mixtures according to the present application. If the mixture comprises one or more dopants, it / they is / are employed in an amount of 0.01 % to 4 %, preferably 0.1 % to 1.0 %.

[0512] For example, stabilizers that can be preferably added to the mixtures according to the present application in an amount of 0.01 % to 6 %, in particular 0.1 % to 3 %, are indicated in the following table F.

[0513] For the purposes of the present application, all concentrations are indicated in percent by weight, unless explicitly stated otherwise, and all concentrations are relative to the entire respective mixture or relative to the entire respective mixture component, unless explicitly stated otherwise. In the present context, the term "mixture" describes a liquid crystal medium.

[0514] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all temperatures stated in the present application, for example melting point T(C,N), transition from smectic (S) to nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and clearing point T(N,I), are indicated in degrees Celsius (°C) and all temperature differences accordingly in differential degrees (° or degree).

[0515] For the purposes of the present application, the term "threshold voltage" refers to the capacitive threshold (V0), also called Freedericksz-threshold, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0516] All physical properties are and have been determined in accordance with "Merck Liquid Crystals, physical properties of Liquid Crystals", Status November 1997, Merck KGaA (Germany) and are valid for a temperature of 20 °C, and Δn is determined at 436 nm, 589 nm and 633 nm and Δε is determined at 1 kHz, unless explicitly stated otherwise in each case.

[0517] Electro-optical properties, for example threshold voltage (V0) (capacitive measurement) (which is the switching behavior), are measured in a test cell produced by Merck Japan. The measurement cell has a soda lime glass substrate and is constructed in an ECB or VA configuration (with diluent ** 26 of SE-1211 (mixing ratio 1 : 1 ), both from Nissan Chemicals, Japan), which have been rubbed perpendicular to each other and influence the homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal. The surface area of the transparent, almost square ITO electrodes is 1 cm 2 .

[0518] Unless otherwise stated, no chiral dopant is added to the liquid crystal mixtures used, but the latter are also particularly suitable for use in applications where this type of doping is necessary.

[0519] The rotational viscosity is measured using the rotating permanent magnet method and the flow viscosity in a modified Ubbelohde viscometer. For the liquid crystal mixtures ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792 and MLC-6608 (all products from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) the rotational viscosity values measured at 20 °C are 161 mPa-s, 133 mPa-s and 186 mPa-s, respectively, and the flow viscosity values (v) are 21 mm 2 ·s -1 , 14 mm 2 ·s -1 and 27 mm 2 ·s -1 , respectively.

[0520] For practical purposes, the dispersion of a material can conveniently be characterized in the following way, which is used throughout the application, unless explicitly stated otherwise. The birefringence values are determined at a temperature of 20 °C at several fixed wavelengths using a modified Abbe refractometer, in which a homeotropically aligned surface is in contact with the material on the side of the prism. The birefringence values are determined at the specific wavelength values of 436 nm (individual selected spectral lines of a low-pressure mercury lamp), 589 nm (sodium "D" line) and 633 nm (wavelength of a HE-Ne laser, which is used in combination with an attenuator / diffuser to prevent injury to the observer's eye). In the following table, Δn is given at 589 nm and Δ(Δn) is given as Δ(Δn) = Δn(436 nm) - Δn(633 nm).

[0521] The following symbols are used, unless explicitly stated otherwise:

[0522] V0threshold voltage, capacitive [V], at 20 °C,

[0523] n e extraordinary refractive index, measured at 20 °C and 589 nm,

[0524] n o ordinary refractive index, measured at 20 °C and 589 nm,

[0525] Δnoptical anisotropy, measured at 20 °C and 589 nm,

[0526] λwavelength λ [nm],

[0527] Δn(λ)optical anisotropy, measured at 20 °C and wavelength λ,

[0528] The change in optical anisotropy Δ(Δn) is defined as:

[0529] Δn(20℃,436nm)-Δn(20℃,633nm),

[0530] Δ(Δn * The "relative change of optical anisotropy" is defined as:

[0531] Δ(Δn) / Δn(20℃, 589nm),

[0532] ε ⊥ Dielectric polarization perpendicular to the director at 20℃ and 1kHz

[0533] ε || Dielectric polarizability parallel to the director at 20℃ and 1kHz

[0534] Dielectric anisotropy of Δε at 20℃ and 1kHz

[0535] T(N,I) or clop. Clear the light [°C].

[0536] ν Flow viscosity measured at 20℃ [mm 2 ·s -1 ],

[0537] The rotational viscosity [mPa·s] of γ1 measured at 20℃.

[0538] k 11 The elastic constant, and the "oblique expansion" deformation at 20℃ [pN],

[0539] k 22 The elastic constant, the "torsional" deformation at 20℃ [pN](k 22 ≈1 / 2k 11 ),

[0540] k 33 Elastic constant, bending deformation at 20℃ [pN]

[0541] k av The mean elastic constant, defined here as at 20°C

[0542] k av .≡(3 / 2k 11 +k 33 ) / 3≈(k 11 +k 22 +k 33 ) / 3

[0543] The low-temperature stability of the phase was measured by LTS in the test chamber.

[0544] VHR voltage retention rate

[0545] The decrease in ΔVHR voltage retention rate, and

[0546] S rel The relative stability of VHR.

[0547] The following examples illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit it. However, they demonstrate to those skilled in the art the conception of using preferred compounds to be employed and their respective concentrations, as well as preferred mixtures thereof. Furthermore, the examples illustrate the available properties and combinations of properties.

[0548] For the purposes of this invention and in the following embodiments, the structures of the liquid crystal compounds are represented by abbreviations and converted to chemical formulas according to Tables A through C below. All groups C n H 2n+1 C m H 2m+1 and C l H 2l+1 Or C n H 2n C m H 2m and C l H 2l The groups are straight-chain alkyl or alkylene groups, each having n, m, and l C atoms in various cases. Preferably, n, m, and l are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the compound core, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the symbol meanings of the left-hand and right-hand end groups of the molecule. Abbreviations consist of the code for the ring element with an optional connecting group, followed by a first hyphen and the code for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the code for the right-hand end group. Table D shows exemplary structures of the compounds and their respective abbreviations.

[0549] Table A: Ring elements

[0550]

[0551]

[0552]

[0553]

[0554] Table B: Bridging units

[0555]

[0556] Table C: End groups

[0557]

[0558]

[0559]

[0560] wherein n and m are each an integer, and the three dots "..." are a placeholder for further abbreviations from the table.

[0561] In addition to the compounds of formula L, the mixtures according to the application preferably comprise one or more of the following mentioned compounds.

[0562] The following abbreviations are used:

[0563] (n, m, k and I are each independently of the other an integer, preferably 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 7, k and I can also be 0 and are preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, and most preferably 2, n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the combination "-nO-", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 2 or 4, m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the combination "-Om", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-IVm" is preferably "2V1 ").

[0564] Table D

[0565] Exemplary preferred compounds of formula L

[0566]

[0567]

[0568]

[0569]

[0570] Further compounds

[0571]

[0572]

[0573] Exemplary, preferred compounds of formula I with high ε ⊥

[0574]

[0575]

[0576] Exemplary, preferred compounds of formula I with high ε ⊥

[0577] ​​

[0578]

[0579]

[0580]

[0581]

[0582] Exemplary, preferred dielectric positive compounds:

[0583]

[0584]

[0585]

[0586]

[0587]

[0588]

[0589]

[0590]

[0591]

[0592] Exemplary, preferred dielectric neutral compounds:

[0593]

[0594]

[0595]

[0596]

[0597]

[0598]

[0599] Exemplary, preferred dielectric negative compounds:

[0600]

[0601]

[0602]

[0603]

[0604]

[0605]

[0606]

[0607]

[0608]

[0609]

[0610] Table E shows chiral dopants which can preferably be employed in the mixtures according to the application.

[0611] Table E

[0612]

[0613]

[0614]

[0615] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of Table E.

[0616] Table F shows stabilizers which can preferably be employed in the mixtures according to the application in addition to the compounds of the formula L. Here, the parameter n denotes an integer from 1 to 12. In particular, the shown phenolic derivatives can be employed as further stabilizers since they act as antioxidants.

[0617] Table F

[0618]

[0619]

[0620]

[0621]

[0622]

[0623] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the medium according to the application comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of Table F, in particular one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the two following formulae

[0624] Embodiments

[0625] The following examples illustrate the application without limiting it in any way. The physical properties, however, make it clear to the person skilled in the art which properties can be achieved and in which ranges they can be adjusted. In particular, therefore, the combination of properties which can be achieved is well defined for the person skilled in the art.

[0626] Synthesis examples

[0627] Synthesis example 1 : Synthesis of 1 -(4-ethylphenyl)-2-fluoro-4-(4- propylcyclohexen-1 -yl)benzene (abbreviation "LGP-3-2") Synthesis example 2: Synthesis of 1 -ethyl-2-fluoro-4-[2-fluoro-4-(4- propylcyclohexen-1 -yl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation "LGG-3-2")

[0628]

[0629] A mixture of [2-fluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexen-1-yl)phenyl]boronic acid (CAS 1130350-67-2, 9.0 g, 34 mmol) and 1-bromo-4-ethylbenzene (CAS 1585-07-5, 5.9 g, 32 mmol) in acetone (100 mL) was treated with bis(dibenzylidene-acetone)palladium(0) (20 mg, 35 pmol) and tris(o-tolyl)phosphine (60 mg, 0.2 mmol) at 50 °C. Then an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (32 mL of a 2 M solution, 64 mmol) was added at reflux temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 4 h. It was cooled to room temperature and diluted with methyl tert-butyl ether and hydrochloric acid. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with methyl tert-butyl ether. The combined organic phases were dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (heptane) followed by recrystallization from ethanol / heptane (4 / 1) and heptane to give 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-fluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexen-1-yl)benzene as white crystals.

[0630] LGP-3-2: phase sequence: K 56 SmA 67 N 127 I; Δε = 1.6; Δn = 0.209.

[0631] Compound examples Further compound examples

[0632]

[0633] A mixture of [2-fluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexen-1 -yl)phenyl]boronic acid (CAS 1130350-67-2, 6.2 g, 24 mmol) and 4-bromo-1 -ethyl-2-fluoro-benzene (CAS 627463-18-7, 5.0 g, 23 mmol) in acetone (50 mL) was treated with bis(dibenzylidene-acetone)palladium(0) (10 mg, 17 μmol) and tris(o-tolyl)phosphine (30 mg, 0.1 mol) at 50 °C. Then aqueous sodium hydroxide (23 mL of a 2 M solution, 45 mmol) was added at reflux temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 3 hours. It was cooled to room temperature and diluted with toluene and hydrochloric acid. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with toluene. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (heptane) followed by recrystallization from heptane to give 1 -ethyl-2-fluoro-4-[2-fluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexen-1 - yl)phenyl]benzene as a white solid.

[0634] LGG-3-2: sequence of phases: K 39 SmA 93 N 100 I; Δε = 2.3; Δn = 0.192.

[0635] Examples of compounds preferably used

[0636]

[0637]

[0638]

[0639] In the following table the following end group abbreviations are used

[0640]

[0641] The physical properties are given at a temperature of 20 °C and the unit for γ1 is mPa-s.

[0642] Examples of compounds preferably used

[0643]

[0644]

[0645]

[0646]

[0647]

[0648]

[0649]

[0650]

[0651]

[0652]

[0653]

[0654]

[0655]

[0656] Mixture examples

[0657]

[0658]

[0659] Comparative example 1

[0660]

[0661]

[0662]

[0663]

[0664] Example 1

[0665] The following mixture is disclosed as an example.

[0666] Examples 1.1 to 1.3

[0667] The following mixture (CM-1) was prepared and investigated

[0668]

[0669] The mixture, mixture CM-1, has an average elastic constant (k av. = (k 11 + 1 / 2k 11 + k 33 ) / 3) of 12.9 pN and a response time parameter (γ1 / k 11 ) of 3.6 mPa s / pN.

[0670] Example 2

[0671] The following mixture (M-1) was prepared and investigated

[0672]

[0673]

[0674] The mixture, mixture M-1, k av is 13.8 pN, the response time parameter (γ1 / k 11 ) is 3.5 mPa-s / pN, and is characterized by very good contrast and fast switching in FFS displays.

[0675] Comparative example 2

[0676] Alternatively, 0.05% of a compound of one of the following formulae was added to mixture M-1, respectively.

[0677]

[0678] wherein the two O atoms bound to the N atom represent a radical, and

[0679]

[0680] The resulting mixtures M-1.1, M-1.2 and M-1.3 are characterized by improved stability to harsh conditions, in particular to exposure to light.

[0681] Example 3

[0682] The following mixture (M-2) was prepared and investigated

[0683]

[0684] The mixture, mixture M-2, is characterized by very good contrast and fast switching in FFS displays.

[0685] Example 4

[0686] The following mixture (CM-2) was prepared and investigated

[0687]

[0688]

[0689] Example 5

[0690] The following mixture (M-3) was prepared and investigated

[0691]

[0692] This mixture, mixture M-3, has a very low rotational viscosity and shows a fast response.

[0693] Example 6

[0694] The following mixture (M-4) was prepared and investigated

[0695]

[0696]

[0697] This mixture, mixture M-4, has a relatively low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant and therefore is characterized by a very good contrast and fast switching in FFS displays.

[0698] Example 7

[0699] The following mixture (M-5) was prepared and investigated

[0700]

[0701] This mixture, mixture M-5, has a very low rotational viscosity and shows a fast response.

[0702] Example 8

[0703] The following mixture (M-6) was prepared and investigated

[0704]

[0705]

[0706] This mixture, mixture M-6, has a high elastic constant.

[0707] Example 9

[0708] The following mixture (M-7) was prepared and investigated

[0709]

[0710] This mixture, mixture M-7, has a low rotational viscosity and therefore shows a fast switching in FFS cells.

[0711] Example 10

[0712] The following mixture (M-8) was prepared and investigated

[0713]

[0714] This mixture, Mixture M-8, has a low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant k 33 .

[0715] Example 11

[0716] The following mixture (M-9) was prepared and investigated

[0717]

[0718] This mixture, Mixture M-9, has a relatively low rotational viscosity.

[0719] Example 12

[0720] The following mixture (M-10) was prepared and investigated

[0721]

[0722] This mixture, Mixture M-10, has a high elastic constant.

[0723] Example 13

[0724] The following mixture (M-11) was prepared and investigated

[0725]

[0726]

[0727] This mixture, Mixture M-11, has a low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant k 33 .

[0728] Example 14

[0729] The following mixture (M-12) was prepared and investigated

[0730]

[0731] This mixture, Mixture M-12, has a relatively low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant.

[0732] Example 15

[0733] The following mixture (M-13) was prepared and investigated

[0734]

[0735]

[0736] This mixture, Mixture M-13, has a low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant k 11 and k33 .

[0737] Example 16

[0738] The following mixture (M-14) was prepared and studied

[0739]

[0740] This mixture, Mixture M-14, has a low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant k 33 .

[0741] Example 17

[0742] The following mixture (M-15) was prepared and studied

[0743]

[0744]

[0745] This mixture, Mixture M-15, has a low rotational viscosity and a high elastic constant k 33 .

[0746] Example 18

[0747] The following mixture (M-16) was prepared and studied

[0748]

[0749] This mixture, Mixture M-16, has a relatively high elastic constant.

[0750] Example 19

[0751] The following mixture (M-17) was prepared and studied

[0752]

[0753]

[0754] This mixture, Mixture M-17, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0755] Example 20

[0756] The following mixture (M-18) was prepared and studied

[0757]

[0758] This mixture, Mixture M-18, like the previous one, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0759] Example 21

[0760] The following mixture (M-19) was prepared and studied

[0761]

[0762] This mixture, mixture M-19, has a low rotational viscosity for a given dielectric anisotropy.

[0763] Example 22

[0764] The following mixture (M-20) was prepared and studied

[0765]

[0766]

[0767] This mixture, mixture M-20, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0768] Example 23

[0769] The following mixture (M-21) was prepared and studied

[0770]

[0771] This mixture, mixture M-21, like the previous one, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0772] Example 24

[0773] The following mixture (M-22) was prepared and studied

[0774]

[0775]

[0776] This mixture, mixture M-22, like the previous one, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0777] Example 25

[0778] The following mixture (M-23) was prepared and studied

[0779]

[0780] This mixture, mixture M-23, like the previous one, has a very low rotational viscosity.

[0781] Example 26

[0782] The following mixture (M-24) was prepared and investigated

[0783]

[0784]

[0785] This mixture, mixture M-24, has a very low rotational viscosity as the previous one.

[0786] Example 27

[0787] The following mixture (M-25) was prepared and investigated

[0788]

[0789]

[0790] This mixture, mixture M-25, has a high k 11 and a high ε ⊥ which leads to a high transmittance in FFS cells.

[0791] Example 28

[0792] The following mixture (M-26) was prepared and investigated

[0793]

[0794] This mixture, mixture M-26, has a relatively high elastic constant k 11 and a high ε ⊥ which leads to a high transmittance in FFS cells.

[0795] Example 29

[0796] The following mixture (M-27) was prepared and investigated

[0797]

[0798]

[0799] This mixture, mixture M-27, has a relatively high elastic constant k 11 and a high ε⊥ which leads to a high transmittance in FFS cells.

[0800] Example 30

[0801] The following mixture (M-28) was prepared and investigated

[0802]

[0803]

[0804] This mixture, Mixture M-28, has a high clearing point and high elastic constant and high dielectric anisotropy.

[0805] Example 31

[0806] The following mixture (M-29) was prepared and investigated

[0807]

[0808] This mixture, Mixture M-29, has a relatively low rotational viscosity.

[0809] Example 32

[0810] The following mixture (M-30) was prepared and investigated

[0811]

[0812]

[0813] This mixture, Mixture M-30, has a relatively low rotational viscosity.

[0814] ​

[0815] The following mixture (M-31) was prepared and investigated

[0816]

[0817] This mixture, Mixture M-31, has a relatively low rotational viscosity.

[0818] ​

[0819] The following mixture (M-32) was prepared and investigated

[0820]

[0821] This mixture, Mixture M-32, has a relatively low rotational viscosity.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal medium having a nematic phase, characterized in that it contains 1% or more to 10% or less of one or more compounds of formula L. in R L1 and R L2 Each of these groups independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups among these groups are optionally each independently represented by a -C group. C-, cyclopropylene, 1,3-cyclobutylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, 1,3-cyclopentenylene, an alkenyl, alkenyloxy, or alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one of the -CH2- groups is optionally replaced by cyclopropylene, 1,3-cyclobutylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, or 1,3-cyclopentenylene, the substitutions being made such that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and one or more of the H atoms are optionally replaced by a halogen, and Y L1 and Y L2 H or F may be represented in the same or different ways. Each ring may optionally be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, and Compounds comprising one or more compounds selected from formulas II and III in R 2 This indicates alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, or fluoroalkoxy groups having 1-7 carbon atoms, and alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl groups having 2-7 carbon atoms. L 21 and L 22 Indicates H or F, X 2 The term indicates a halogen, which is a haloalkyl or haloalkoxy group having 1-3 carbon atoms, or a haloalkenyl or haloalkenoxy group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3. R 3 This indicates alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, or fluoroalkoxy groups having 1-7 carbon atoms, and alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl groups having 2-7 carbon atoms. L 31 and L 32 H or F can be represented independently of each other. X 3 The symbols represent halogens, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy groups having 1-3 carbon atoms, or haloalkenyl or haloalkenoxy groups having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, F, Cl, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -O-CH2CF3, -O-CH=CF2, -O-CH=CH2 or -CF3. Z 3 This represents -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O-, or a single bond, and n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3. Each ring may optionally be substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and It contains one or more dielectric neutral compounds selected from formulas IV and V: in R 41 and R 42 Each of these can be independently represented as an alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, or fluoroalkoxy group having 1-7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms. Z 41 and Z 42 Independent of each other and if Z 41 If a combination appears twice, it independently represents -CH2CH2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O-, -CF2O-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. p represents 0, 1, or 2. R 51 and R 52 They are independent of each other for R 41 and R 42 One of the meanings given Z 51 To Z 53 Each of these can be independently represented as -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, and i and j each represent 0 or 1 independently. Each ring may optionally be substituted with one or two alkyl groups, and The condition is that compound L is excluded from compound V; Compounds comprising one or more of the following formulas: in, n represents an integer from 1 to 6. alkyl refers to an alkyl group with 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and alkenyl represents an alkenyl group with 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

2. The medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, One or more compounds of formula L are selected from formulas L-1 to L-4: in R L1 This indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups are optionally replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, or 1,3-cyclopentenyl, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. R L2 This indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups are optionally replaced by 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, or 1,3-cyclopenteneyl, and Each ring may be optionally replaced by one or two alkyl groups.

3. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula B. in n represents 1 or 2, R 1 Indicates alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluoroalkenyl, and X 1 It represents F, Cl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy, or fluoroalkenyloxy.

4. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... It also contains one or more compounds of formula I: in n represents 0 or 1, R 11 and R 12 Each of these terms independently represents an alkyl, alkoxy, or fluoroalkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, wherein one of the CH2 groups is optionally replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropyl, a 1,3-cyclopentyl, or a 1,3-cyclopentenyl group, or a fluoroalkoxy, alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, and R 11 Optionally representing R 1 and R 12 Optionally representing X 1 , R 1 This indicates an alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, or fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, wherein one of the CH2 groups is optionally replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropyl, a 1,3-cyclopentyl, or a 1,3-cyclopentenyl group; and an alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. X 1 It represents F, Cl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkoxy, or fluoroalkenyloxy. Exclude compound B from the list, and Each ring may be optionally replaced by one or two alkyl groups.

5. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... It contains one or more compounds selected from formulas VI to IX: in R 61 This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenoxy group having 2-6 carbon atoms. R 62 This refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted olefinic group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and l represents 0 or 1. R 71 This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms. R 72 This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted olefinic group having 2-6 carbon atoms. R 81 This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms. R 82 This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1-7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted olefinic group having 2-6 carbon atoms. Z 8 This represents -(C=O)-O-, -CH2-O-, -CF2-O-, or -CH2-CH2-. o represents 0 or 1. R 91 and R 92 Each independently possesses the above for R 72 The meaning given, p and q each represent 0 or 1 independently. Furthermore, each ring may be optionally replaced by one or two alkyl groups.

6. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... It also contains one or more chiral compounds and / or stabilizers.

7. An electro-optic display or electro-optic component, characterized in that... It comprises a liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The display according to claim 7, characterized in that... It is based on IPS mode or FFS mode.

9. The display according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that... It contains active matrix addressing devices.

10. Use of the medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in an electro-optic display or electro-optic assembly.

11. A method for preparing a liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that... Mix one or more L-type compounds with one or more other mesocrystalline compounds and optionally one or more additives.

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