On-board ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and online conversion system

Abstract

The present invention provides an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and an online conversion system. The on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device includes a reactor with a accommodating chamber, wherein an exhaust gas waste heat heating device, an electric heating device and a catalytic device are sequentially provided in the accommodating chamber, wherein the catalytic device is used to contact with the ammonia fuel and generate hydrogen, and the exhaust gas waste heat heating device is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port, wherein the air inlet is used to introduce the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device. Compared with the prior art, an exhaust gas waste heat heating device is newly added to the device, and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is passed into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device through an air intake pipe, and the ammonia fuel to be reacted is heated by the waste heat of the exhaust gas itself, which can greatly alleviate the power supply pressure of the on-vehicle battery. The present invention also provides an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system, which can achieve that the vehicle only needs to be filled with a single ammonia fuel, and can simultaneously enjoy the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of ammonia and the combustion-promoting effects of highly active hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ammonia-hydrogen conversion, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and an online conversion system. Background Art

[0002] With the proposed goals of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality," the decarbonization of internal combustion engines is imperative. Developing hydrogen energy is a key path for my country to achieve sustainable development and a key direction for the global energy revolution and future industrial innovation. "Ammonia-hydrogen fusion" can help address the technical challenges of utilizing hydrogen alone in transportation, storage, on-board installation, safety, and cost. Ammonia energy utilization technology is a current and future cutting-edge international scientific and technological innovation. Ammonia, as an excellent hydrogen carrier, has attracted widespread attention in the international energy sector. As an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, ammonia has high commercialization feasibility: low liquefaction pressure, convenient storage and transportation; widespread application in agriculture and industry, and well-developed supporting infrastructure. Furthermore, ammonia fuel has high promotional value: its production and use processes are carbon-free; it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and contributes to national energy security. However, as a fuel, ammonia also has drawbacks such as slow combustion and a narrow flammability range. Adding hydrogen to ammonia can enhance combustion. Hydrogen is a flammable gas with low ignition energy and a high combustion rate. Adding hydrogen to an ammonia / air mixture significantly accelerates ammonia's combustion rate and expands its flammability range. In addition, the combustion of the ammonia / hydrogen mixture also does not cause carbon emissions.

[0003] While hydrogen can improve the combustion of ammonia fuel in internal combustion engines, managing the two fuels separately, especially the refueling and storage of hydrogen, is inherently difficult, making the power system complex and impractical. This poses significant challenges to the use of ammonia fuel in internal combustion engines.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with application number CN202111324845.2 discloses an "ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel internal combustion engine and fuel cell composite power system and control method". It uses an electric heating device to heat the ammonia fuel introduced into the ammonia cracking separator. However, the vehicle is generally powered by a battery, and the battery storage capacity is very limited. It is difficult to provide long-term energy for the cracking of ammonia fuel by electric heating alone.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and an online conversion system that can solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and an online conversion system, which can use the waste heat of exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine to heat ammonia fuel, greatly alleviating the power supply pressure of the on-vehicle battery. This is used to solve the technical defect of the existing technology that it is difficult to bring ammonia fuel into the internal combustion engine. The vehicle only needs to be filled with a single ammonia fuel to simultaneously enjoy the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of ammonia and the combustion-promoting effect of highly active hydrogen.

[0007] The present invention provides an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device, comprising a reactor with a accommodating chamber, wherein an exhaust gas waste heat heating device, an electric heating device, and a catalytic device are sequentially arranged in the accommodating chamber. The catalytic device is used to contact an ammonia fuel and generate hydrogen. The exhaust gas waste heat heating device is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port. The air inlet is used to introduce high-temperature exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device.

[0008] According to the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention, the catalytic device includes a catalyst carrier and a catalyst filler, and the catalyst filler is arranged on the catalyst carrier.

[0009] According to the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention, the catalyst carrier includes a nickel mesh, and the catalyst filler includes a Ni-based catalyst or a Pt-based catalyst.

[0010] According to the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device and the electric heating device are arranged at intervals.

[0011] According to the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention, an air inlet end buffer chamber and an air outlet end buffer chamber are respectively provided at both ends of the accommodating cavity.

[0012] According to the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention, a thermal insulation layer is provided outside the reactor.

[0013] The present invention also provides a vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system, comprising:

[0014] The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device as described in any one of the above items;

[0015] a liquid ammonia supply device, wherein the liquid ammonia supply device is used to store liquid ammonia;

[0016] a liquid ammonia injector, the liquid ammonia injector being connected to the liquid ammonia supply device via a liquid ammonia pipeline, and the liquid ammonia injector being used to spray liquid ammonia into the accommodating chamber;

[0017] A gas injector is connected to the accommodating chamber and is used to inject the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas generated by the reaction into the intake passage or cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

[0018] According to the on-board ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention, an injection pump is provided on the liquid ammonia pipeline. The injection pump is arranged between the liquid ammonia supply device and the liquid ammonia injector. The injection pump is used to adjust the pressure of liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia pipeline and pass the liquid ammonia into the liquid ammonia injector.

[0019] The on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention further includes a control module, which includes a control unit and a control pipeline. The fuel injection pump, liquid ammonia injector, exhaust gas waste heat heating device, electric heating device and gas injector are respectively connected to the control pipeline and the control unit.

[0020] The on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention further includes a power supply device, which is used to power the fuel injection pump, liquid ammonia injector, exhaust gas waste heat heating device, electric heating device, gas injector and control unit.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention has a new exhaust gas waste heat heating device in the device, and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is introduced into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device through the intake pipe. The waste heat of the exhaust gas is used to heat the ammonia fuel to be reacted, which can greatly alleviate the power supply pressure of the vehicle battery.

[0022] The on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention enables the vehicle to simultaneously enjoy the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of ammonia and the combustion-promoting effect of highly active hydrogen by simply filling the vehicle with a single ammonia fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Reactor; 2. Waste gas waste heat heating device; 201. Air inlet; 202. Exhaust port; 3. Electric heating device; 4. Catalytic device; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Liquid ammonia supply device; 7. Valve; 8. Liquid ammonia injector; 9. Liquid ammonia pipeline; 10. Gas injector; 11. Fuel injection pump; 12. Control unit; 13. Control pipeline; 14. Power supply device; 15. Power supply line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The following combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device and the online conversion system of the present invention are described.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device provided by the present invention. The on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device of this embodiment includes a reactor 1 having a housing chamber. Reactor 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure capable of withstanding a pressure of at least 10 MPa. An exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, an electric heating device 3, and a catalytic device 4 are sequentially arranged within the housing chamber, aligned with the flow direction of the ammonia fuel in reactor 1. The catalytic device 4 is configured to contact the ammonia fuel and generate hydrogen. The exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 is provided with an air inlet 201 and an exhaust port 202, both of which are provided with pipes for easy connection. The air inlet 201 is configured to introduce high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the engine into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, utilizing the residual heat in the exhaust gas to heat the ammonia fuel. After being heated by the exhaust gas waste heat heating device, the ammonia fuel enters the electric heating device 3 for further heating (if it has not yet reached the set temperature). After being heated to the set temperature by the electric heating device 3, the ammonia fuel enters the catalytic device 4 for a reaction, generating hydrogen. The volume of the accommodating chamber is adapted according to the sizes of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 , the electric heating device 3 and the catalytic device 4 in a specific implementation.

[0032] In this embodiment, the electric heating device 3 uses a spiral or linear electric heating rod. By providing the electric heating rod, the reactor 1 can be heated evenly and quickly, and the ammonia fuel in the reactor 1 can be fully and evenly heated. The electric heating device 3 can also preheat the reactor 1. When the ammonia fuel is introduced into the reactor 1, it is first heated by the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 and then heated by the electric heating device 3. The fully heated ammonia fuel then comes into contact with the catalytic device 4 and decomposes, which can improve the catalytic efficiency. If the heat provided by the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 is sufficient, the electric heating device 3 can operate at low power or even be completely shut down, which can greatly reduce the power supply pressure of the vehicle battery.

[0033] The catalytic device 4 includes a catalyst support and a catalyst filler, which is disposed on the catalyst support. Specifically, in this embodiment, the catalyst support is a nickel mesh, and the catalyst filler includes Ni-based and Pt-based catalysts. In this embodiment, Ni-YSZ particles are used. Ni-YSZ particles have a high catalytic rate for the decomposition reaction of ammonia to produce hydrogen and nitrogen at a high temperature of approximately 700K. The nickel mesh also has a catalytic effect on this decomposition reaction and can ensure that the catalyst filler particles are well encapsulated.

[0034] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 and the electric heating device 3 are spaced apart. A certain reserved volume can be left between the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 and the electric heating device 3 to stabilize the pressure of the ammonia fuel in the reactor 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, an inlet buffer chamber and an outlet buffer chamber are respectively provided at both ends of the accommodating chamber. The inlet buffer chamber can provide a preliminary buffering effect for the ammonia fuel that has just entered the reactor 1, reducing the operating pressure of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 and the electric heating device 3. The outlet buffer chamber can also provide a buffering effect for the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas after the reaction is completed, reducing the pressure of the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas discharged by subsequent devices.

[0036] In this embodiment, a heat-insulating layer 5 is provided outside the reactor 1 to reduce heat loss in the reactor 1 .

[0037] When the vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device of this embodiment is used, an ammonia fuel is introduced into the reactor 1, and the ammonia fuel first enters the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 for heating and raising the temperature to a certain temperature. When the temperature does not reach the preset temperature value (300-500°C), it is heated again by the electric heating device 3 until it reaches the set temperature. The ammonia fuel is then continued to be introduced into the catalytic device 4 for decomposition reaction to obtain a mixed gas of hydrogen and ammonia. In this process, the addition of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 can utilize the waste heat in the exhaust gas generated by the vehicle's internal combustion engine to perform preliminary heating of the ammonia fuel (complete heating when the heat is sufficient), which can greatly reduce the power supply pressure of the vehicle battery.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] like Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an on-board ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system provided by the present invention. The on-board ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system of this embodiment includes:

[0040] The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen conversion device as described in Example 1;

[0041] Liquid ammonia supply device 6, the liquid ammonia supply device 6 is used to store liquid ammonia. In this embodiment, the liquid ammonia supply device 6 adopts a liquid ammonia tank. A valve 7 is provided at the opening of the liquid ammonia tank for controlling the opening and closing of the liquid ammonia tank;

[0042] Liquid ammonia injector 8, the liquid ammonia injector 8 is connected to the liquid ammonia supply device 6 via a liquid ammonia pipeline 9, and the liquid ammonia injector 8 is used to spray liquid ammonia into the accommodating cavity. In this embodiment, the injection pressure of the liquid ammonia injector 8 is 5-15 MPa;

[0043] The gas injector 10 is connected to the accommodating chamber and is used to inject the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas generated by the reaction into the engine intake duct or cylinder.

[0044] In this embodiment, mounting holes are provided on the reactor 1 and the insulation layer 5 for mounting the liquid ammonia injector 8 , the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 , the electric heating device 3 , the catalytic device 4 and the gas injector 10 .

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, an oil injection pump 11 is provided on the liquid ammonia pipeline 9. The oil injection pump 11 is arranged between the liquid ammonia supply device 6 and the liquid ammonia injector 8. The oil injection pump 11 is used to adjust the pressure of the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia pipeline 9 and pass the liquid ammonia of appropriate pressure into the liquid ammonia injector 8.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system of this embodiment further includes a control module, which includes a control unit 12 and a control pipeline 13. The fuel injection pump 11, the liquid ammonia injector 8, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, the electric heating device 3 and the gas injector 10 are respectively connected to the control pipeline 13 and the control unit 12.

[0047] The following specifically describes the control of the fuel injection pump 11, the liquid ammonia injector 8, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, the electric heating device 3, and the gas injector 10 by the control unit 12 in this embodiment:

[0048] Ammonia fuel injection quantity control: The control unit 12 collects the ammonia fuel supply quantity signal and controls the fuel injection pump 11 and the liquid ammonia injector 8 through the signal pipeline feedback according to the supply quantity signal, so as to adjust the ammonia fuel injection quantity in real time;

[0049] Ammonia fuel heating control: The control unit 12 collects the temperature signal of the ammonia fuel after being heated by the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2. If the ammonia fuel temperature signal does not reach the preset value, the electric heating device 3 is activated to continue heating the ammonia fuel to the set temperature. If the ammonia fuel temperature signal reaches the preset value, the electric heating device 3 does not need to be activated;

[0050] Hydrogen conversion ratio control: The control unit 12 collects the current ammonia fuel supply signal, determines the hydrogen supply based on the ammonia fuel supply signal, controls the heating temperature of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2 and the electric heating device 3 through signal pipeline feedback, and controls the reaction time of the heated ammonia fuel in the catalytic device 4 to control the hydrogen conversion ratio corresponding to the current ammonia fuel;

[0051] Ammonia-hydrogen mixture injection control: The control unit 12 first collects corresponding signals, including the pressure signal in the engine cylinder, the current temperature signals of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device and the electric heating device, and the internal pressure signal of the gas injector, and then controls the gas injector 10 through signal pipeline feedback to adjust the injection timing and injection pulse width of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture in real time.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system of this embodiment further includes a power supply device 14, which is used to power the fuel injection pump 11, the liquid ammonia injector 8, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, the electric heater 3, the gas injector 10, and the control unit 12. In this embodiment, a power supply line 15 is used to connect the fuel injection pump 11, the liquid ammonia injector 8, the exhaust gas waste heat heating device 2, the electric heater 3, the gas injector 10, and the control unit 12 to the power supply device 14, respectively. The power supply device 14 adopts an on-vehicle battery.

[0053] In addition, in this embodiment, each device / component that comes into contact with ammonia is made of ammonia corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel to extend its service life.

[0054] In this embodiment, the on-board ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system supplies liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia injector 8 via a hydraulic tank. During this process, the pressure within the liquid ammonia pipeline 9 is regulated by an injection pump 11. After the liquid ammonia enters the on-board ammonia-hydrogen conversion device, some of the ammonia fuel decomposes into hydrogen, which is then mixed with the original ammonia fuel to form an ammonia-hydrogen mixture in an appropriately proportioned ratio. This mixture is then injected into the intake duct or cylinder of the internal combustion engine via a gas injector 10 to serve as a clean fuel. This allows vehicles to simultaneously benefit from the energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits of ammonia and the combustion-promoting effects of highly reactive hydrogen, all while requiring only a single ammonia fuel. The control system also controls the ammonia fuel injection amount, ammonia fuel heating, hydrogen conversion ratio, and ammonia-hydrogen mixture injection.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system, characterized in that: include: An on-vehicle ammonia-hydrogen conversion device, comprising a reactor having a receiving chamber, wherein an exhaust gas waste heat heating device, an electric heating device, and a catalytic device are sequentially disposed within the receiving chamber, wherein the catalytic device is configured to contact an ammonia fuel and generate hydrogen, and wherein the exhaust gas waste heat heating device is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port, wherein the air inlet is configured to introduce high-temperature exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine into the exhaust gas waste heat heating device; a liquid ammonia supply device, wherein the liquid ammonia supply device is used to store liquid ammonia; a liquid ammonia injector, the liquid ammonia injector being connected to the liquid ammonia supply device via a liquid ammonia pipeline, and the liquid ammonia injector being used to spray liquid ammonia into the accommodating chamber; a gas injector connected to the accommodating chamber and used to inject the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas generated by the reaction into an intake duct or a cylinder of the internal combustion engine; The liquid ammonia pipeline is provided with an oil injection pump, which is arranged between the liquid ammonia supply device and the liquid ammonia injector. The oil injection pump is used to adjust the pressure of the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia pipeline and pass the liquid ammonia into the liquid ammonia injector. A control module, the control module comprising a control unit and a control pipeline, the fuel injection pump, liquid ammonia injector, exhaust gas waste heat heating device, electric heating device and gas injector being respectively connected to the control pipeline and the control unit; The control module is used for ammonia fuel injection quantity control, ammonia fuel heating control, hydrogen conversion ratio control and ammonia-hydrogen mixture injection control; The ammonia fuel injection amount control includes: the control unit collects the ammonia fuel supply amount signal, and controls the fuel injection pump and the liquid ammonia injector through the signal pipeline according to the supply amount signal, so as to adjust the ammonia fuel injection amount in real time; The ammonia fuel heating control includes: the control unit collects the ammonia fuel temperature signal after being heated by the exhaust gas waste heat heating device, and if the ammonia fuel temperature signal does not reach a preset value, starts the electric heating device to continue heating the ammonia fuel to a set temperature; if the ammonia fuel temperature signal reaches the preset value, there is no need to start the electric heating device; The hydrogen conversion ratio control includes: the control unit collecting a current ammonia fuel supply amount signal, determining a hydrogen supply amount based on the ammonia fuel supply amount signal, controlling the heating temperature of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device and the electric heating device through the signal pipeline feedback, and controlling the reaction time of the heated ammonia fuel in the catalytic device to control the hydrogen conversion ratio corresponding to the current ammonia fuel; The ammonia-hydrogen mixture injection control includes: the control unit first collects corresponding signals, including the pressure signal in the engine cylinder, the current temperature signals of the exhaust gas waste heat heating device and the electric heating device, and the internal pressure signal of the gas injector, and then controls the gas injector through the signal pipeline feedback to adjust the injection timing and injection pulse width of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture in real time.

2. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalytic device includes a catalyst carrier and a catalyst filler, and the catalyst filler is arranged on the catalyst carrier.

3. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The catalyst support comprises a nickel mesh, and the catalyst filler comprises a Ni-based catalyst or a Pt-based catalyst.

4. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The exhaust gas waste heat heating device is spaced apart from the electric heating device.

5. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An air inlet buffer chamber and an air outlet buffer chamber are respectively provided at both ends of the accommodating chamber.

6. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A heat-insulating layer is provided outside the reactor.

7. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen online conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply device, which is used to supply power to the fuel injection pump, liquid ammonia injector, exhaust gas waste heat heating device, electric heating device, gas injector and control unit.

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