A bridge abutment strength testing device

Abstract

The application relates to the field of bridge engineering and particularly relates to a bridge abutment strength testing device, which comprises a pressure applying unit and a bearing unit; the output end of a hydraulic cylinder penetrates through a frame body and extends downward and is fixedly connected with a connecting plate, the lower surface of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with a pressure plate, the pressure plate is symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the frame body, the two ends of the pressure plate are fixedly connected with pressure blocks, and the bearing unit is arranged below the pressure blocks; the bearing unit comprises a base plate, a bridge abutment model of a steel framework structure is arranged on the base plate, and the pressure blocks are arranged on the bridge abutment model; the pressure plate simultaneously applies pressure on two bridge abutment models, the two bridge abutments simultaneously bear pressure, can simultaneously show the bearing strength performance of the bridge abutment, the frame body between the two base plates can move leftward and rightward, is close to one base plate and is far away from the other base plate, pressure is applied on different positions of the pressure plate, different position points of the bridge bear stress, the stress bearing conditions of the bridge abutment are simulated, and the bridge abutment model test is more representative.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering, specifically to a bridge abutment strength testing device. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge abutments are structures located at both ends of a bridge, supporting the bridge superstructure and connecting to the embankment. Bridge abutments come in various forms, mainly categorized as gravity abutments, lightweight abutments, frame abutments, composite abutments, and tension abutments. Among these, frame abutments are lightweight pile-foundation abutments with a frame structure in the transverse direction. They bear less earth pressure, fully utilizing the mechanical properties of materials and reducing self-weight through the bending resistance of the frame structure itself. They are suitable for bridges with low foundation bearing capacity, high abutment height, and large spans. These frame abutments are also installed on concrete piers and are generally suitable for pedestrian or bicycle-accessible sightseeing bridges, often used in conjunction with steel bridges, and installed on both sides of bridges for motor vehicle traffic. Existing steel bridges have evolved into prefabricated installation methods, where the steel frame is pre-welded in the factory, transported to the installation site, and then hoisted and welded, making installation convenient, fast, and minimizing traffic obstruction.

[0003] Before designing a steel bridge, it is necessary to conduct model performance tests on the abutments and the bridge itself. The overall bridge structure is scaled down to a certain proportion to test the load-bearing strength of the steel structure. Many existing load-bearing strength testing devices apply pressure to the object and observe the deformation and changes in load-bearing strength. In the case of a real bridge, both ends of the bridge are erected on the abutment model, and both abutments are subjected to force simultaneously. However, existing load-bearing strength testing devices are limited to applying pressure to only one abutment, which fails to reflect the actual performance of the abutment and is not representative.

[0004] Therefore, a bridge abutment strength testing device is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A bridge abutment strength testing device according to this invention includes a pressure application unit and a load-bearing unit. The pressure application unit includes a frame body, on which a hydraulic cylinder is mounted. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder extends downward through the frame body and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate. A pressure plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the connecting plate. The pressure plates are symmetrically placed on both sides of the frame body, and pressure blocks are fixedly connected to both ends of the pressure plates. A load-bearing unit is installed below the pressure blocks. The load-bearing unit includes a base plate, on which a bridge abutment model with a steel frame structure is placed. The pressure blocks sit on the bridge abutment model. The pressure plates simultaneously apply pressure to two bridge abutment models, allowing both abutments to bear pressure simultaneously. This simultaneously demonstrates the load-bearing strength performance of the bridge abutments. Furthermore, the frame body between the two base plates can move left and right, moving closer to one base plate and further away from the other, applying pressure to different positions on the pressure plates to test the force at different points on the bridge, thereby simulating the stress conditions of the bridge abutments and making the bridge abutment model test more representative.

[0007] Preferably, the lower surface of the connecting plate has a groove, and L-shaped retaining plates are symmetrically arranged in the groove. The two retaining plates are connected together by a spring. The horizontal part of the retaining plate extends outward, and a push-pull rod is fixed to the outer wall of the vertical part of the retaining plate. The end of the push-pull rod slides through the side wall of the connecting plate. The upper surface of the pressure plate has symmetrical slots with an L-shaped cross-section, and the retaining plates are embedded in the slots. The pressure plate is generally made of steel. Through the pressure plate, pressure is applied to the bridge abutment model. After repeated use, the pressure plate will deform as a whole. The pressure points at both ends of the deformed pressure plate on the bridge abutment model will shift, causing the bridge abutment to... The uneven stress distribution on the upper surface of the model led to inaccurate strength tests. To address this, the pressure plate was designed to be detachable. When removing the pressure plate, the hydraulic cylinder resets, and then the push-pull rod is pushed inward. The push-pull rod causes the clamping plates to move closer together, while the horizontal part of the clamping plate gradually moves away from the depth of the slot. When the clamping plate is positioned at the opening of the slot, the pressure plate detaches from the clamping plate under its own weight. The clamping plate can then be repaired or replaced with a new one. During installation, the push-pull rod is pressed inward, bringing the two clamping plates closer together and lifting the pressure plate so that the slot aligns with the clamping plate. Then the push-pull rod is released, completing the pressure plate installation. This convenient and quick process ensures the accuracy of the bridge abutment model strength test.

[0008] Preferably, the lower surface of the pressure block is provided with positioning plates on both sides; the upper surface of the substrate is provided with fixing plates on both sides, and positioning grooves are opened on the fixing plates, with the positioning plates inserted into the positioning grooves; when the pressure block moves down, the positioning plates are inserted into the positioning grooves on the fixing plates, restricting the left and right offset of the pressure block, so that the pressure on the pressure block can be effectively applied to the bridge abutment model, avoiding the offset between the bridge abutment model and the pressure block, the bridge abutment model tilting to the side, and affecting the accuracy of the bridge abutment model strength test.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning plate and the fixing plate have through slots on their side walls, and the fixing plate has a fixing block on its outer side wall. A fastening screw is threaded onto the fixing block, and the end of the fastening screw passes through the through slot and points to the two side walls of the bridge abutment model. The end of the fastening screw is rotatably connected to a vertical limiting plate. After the bridge abutment is installed on the pier, a support system is set on both sides of the bridge abutment, such as a concrete reinforcement or soil filling, to consolidate the support strength of the bridge abutment. The limiting plate is set to simulate the support system. Rotating the fastening screw causes the limiting plate to press against both sides of the bridge abutment model, stabilizing the support on both sides of the bridge abutment model, making the strength test of the bridge abutment model more representative.

[0010] Preferably, a recess is formed on the upper surface of the substrate, and symmetrical grooves are formed on the inner sidewall of the recess. A positioning groove vertically penetrates and connects to the groove. A pressing rod is provided in the groove, and an L-shaped rod is fixed to the end of the pressing rod. The end of the L-shaped rod is vertically upward, and a slope is provided on the inner side of the vertically upward part of the L-shaped rod. The slope presses against the inclined surface at the lower end of the positioning plate through groove. The recess restricts the bridge abutment model, thus stabilizing the forward and backward movement of the bridge abutment model. In actual use, the two ends of the bridge are erected on one side of the edge of the bridge abutment, and do not completely cover the upper surface of the bridge abutment. The bridge abutment model is tested according to the actual situation, considering that the bridge abutment model is not as fixed as the actual structure. On the bridge pier, a compression rod is installed. When the pressure block moves down, the positioning plate is inserted into the positioning groove. The inclined surface of the lower end of the positioning plate presses against the slope of the L-shaped rod. The broken L-shaped rod drives the compression rod to press towards the bridge abutment model, pressing the bridge abutment model into the recess. This simulates the actual situation of the bridge abutment fixed on the bridge pier, preventing the bottom of the bridge abutment model from tilting up when it is pressed down, which would lead to inaccurate test data. Furthermore, after the pressure block moves up, the L-shaped rod loses the compression of the positioning plate. The rear end of the L-shaped rod is connected to the slide groove through the tension spring 221. The tension spring 221 resets the compression rod, and the compression rod no longer presses against the bottom of the bridge abutment model, making it easier to remove the bridge abutment model and facilitate operation.

[0011] Preferably, a rotating groove is formed on the slope surface, and the rotating groove is rotatably connected to the roller. The inclined surface at the lower end of the positioning plate is pressed onto the roller. The rotating groove is provided to reduce the relative sliding friction between the positioning plate and the L-shaped rod, so that the movement of the extrusion rod is smoother, thereby ensuring that the extrusion plate is effectively pressed onto the bottom of the bridge abutment model.

[0012] Preferably, the upper surface of the pressure block has a horizontal groove, and a semi-cylindrical boss is provided in the middle of the horizontal groove; the end of the pressure plate is fitted into the horizontal groove with a clearance, and a semi-cylindrical extrusion groove is provided on the lower surface of the end of the pressure plate, with the boss rotatably connected in the extrusion groove; the steel structure bridge is arc-shaped, and the abutment is also set with a sloped bearing surface at the connection between the bridge and the abutment in order to match the shape of the bridge. In order to simulate the strength test of this design, the bridge bearing surface of the abutment model is also set with a certain slope. When the pressure block is attached to the arc-shaped abutment model, the lower surface of the pressure block also needs to be attached to the bearing surface to make the force more uniform. For this purpose, a semi-cylindrical boss and an extrusion groove are set. The pressure plate and the pressure block are relatively deflected according to the slope of the upper surface of the abutment model, so that the force on the pressure block is evenly applied to the abutment model, improving the measurement accuracy.

[0013] Preferably, an arc-shaped groove is formed on the inner sidewall of the horizontal groove; the end of the pressure plate is provided with protrusions on both sides, and the protrusions are slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove; when the pressure plate rises and resets, the protrusions can swing in the arc-shaped groove, and at the same time the protrusions are limited in the arc-shaped groove. When the pressure plate rises, it will also drive the pressure block to move upward, so that the pressure block and the pressure plate move upward synchronously and away from the bridge abutment model, so that the trouble of removing the pressure block is not needed later.

[0014] Preferably, the bridge abutment model has a cylindrical body inside, and the lower surface of the cylindrical body is magnetically attached to the inner bottom surface of the bridge abutment model. The cylindrical body has a telescopic rod slidably connected by a compression spring. The outer ring of the telescopic rod has a scale, and the end of the telescopic rod rests on the inner top surface of the bridge abutment model. By setting the cooperation between the telescopic rod and the cylindrical body, the submersion depth of the bridge abutment model under different applied pressures can be observed by observing the scale on the telescopic rod, providing multi-dimensional data support and making the test more representative.

[0015] Preferably, the lower surface of the pressure plate is provided with multiple reinforcing ribs, which are arranged along the length of the pressure plate; by providing multiple reinforcing ribs on the lower surface of the pressure plate, the strength of the pressure plate is improved, the number of times the pressure plate can be used is extended, and the need for repair or replacement of the pressure plate in the later stage is reduced.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are:

[0017] 1. In this invention, the pressure plate applies pressure to two bridge abutment models simultaneously, allowing both abutments to bear the pressure at the same time. This simultaneously demonstrates the load-bearing capacity of the bridge abutments, and the frame between the two base plates can move left and right, moving closer to one base plate and further away from the other base plate. Pressure is applied to different positions on the pressure plate, testing the stress at different points on the bridge, thereby simulating the stress conditions of the bridge abutments and making the bridge abutment model test more representative.

[0018] 2. This invention designs the pressure plate as detachable. When disassembling the pressure plate, the hydraulic cylinder resets, and then the push-pull rod is pushed inward. The push-pull rod causes the clamping plates to move closer together, and at the same time, the horizontal part of the clamping plate gradually moves away from the depth of the clamping groove. When the clamping plate is placed at the opening of the clamping groove, the pressure plate detaches from the clamping plate under its own weight. Afterward, the clamping plate can be repaired or a new pressure plate can be replaced. During installation, the push-pull rod is also pressed inward, the two clamping plates move closer together, and the pressure plate is lifted up so that the clamping groove and the clamping plate are aligned. Then the push-pull rod is released, and the installation of the pressure plate is completed. This is convenient and quick, and ensures the accuracy of the bridge abutment model strength test. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the testing device in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the pressure plate in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the mating of the pressure block and the substrate in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the concave portion in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a front view of the substrate in Embodiment 1;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the fit between the positioning plate and the L-shaped rod in Embodiment 1;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the pressure block in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the fit between the arc-shaped groove and the pressure plate in Embodiment 1;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the fit between the reinforcing rib and the pressure plate in Example 2;

[0028] In the diagram: Frame 1, Hydraulic cylinder 2, Connecting plate 3, Pressure plate 4, Pressure block 5, Base plate 6, Bridge model 7, Groove 8, Clamping plate 9, Push-pull rod 10, Clamping slot 11, Positioning plate 12, Fixing plate 13, Positioning groove 14, Through groove 15, Fixing block 16, Fastening screw 17, Limiting plate 18, Recess 19, Slide groove 20, Extrusion rod 21, L-shaped rod 22, Tension spring 221, Roller 23, Horizontal groove 24, Boss 25, Extrusion groove 26, Arc groove 27, Protrusion point 28, Cylinder 29, Telescopic rod 30, Reinforcing rib plate 31. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A bridge abutment strength testing device includes a pressure application unit and a load-bearing unit. The pressure application unit includes a frame 1, on which a hydraulic cylinder 2 is mounted. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 extends downward through the frame 1 and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 3. A pressure plate 4 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the connecting plate 3. The pressure plates 4 are symmetrically placed on both sides of the frame 1, and pressure blocks 5 are fixedly connected to both ends of the pressure plates 4. A load-bearing unit is installed below the pressure blocks 5. The load-bearing unit includes a base plate 6, on which a bridge abutment model 7 with a steel frame structure is placed. The pressure blocks 5 are placed on the bridge abutment model 7. The present invention designs two bridge abutment models 7 by proportionally reducing the bridge abutment size. The bridge abutment models 7 are placed on the base plate 6, and the two ends of the pressure plates 4 are connected to the base plate 6. The hydraulic cylinder 2 is driven on the bridge abutment model 7. The hydraulic cylinder 2 applies pressure to the pressure plate 4 through the pressure block 5, and then applies pressure to the bridge abutment model 7. While driving the hydraulic cylinder 2, the value on the output pressure gauge is observed and the applied pressure value is recorded at all times. The pressure plate 4 applies pressure to both bridge abutment models 7 at the same time. The two bridge abutments bear the pressure at the same time, which can simultaneously demonstrate the load-bearing strength performance of the bridge abutment. The frame 1 between the two base plates 6 can move left and right, moving closer to one base plate 6 and away from the other base plate 6, applying pressure to different positions on the pressure plate 4, testing the force at different points of the bridge, thereby simulating the stress situation of the bridge abutment, making the test of the bridge abutment model 7 more representative.

[0032] Reference Figure 2The lower surface of the connecting plate 3 has a groove 8, and L-shaped retaining plates 9 are symmetrically arranged in the groove 8. The two retaining plates 9 are connected together by a spring. The horizontal part of the retaining plate 9 extends outward, and a push-pull rod 10 is fixed to the outer wall of the vertical part of the retaining plate 9. The end of the push-pull rod 10 slides through the side wall of the connecting plate 3. The upper surface of the pressure plate 4 has symmetrical slots 11. The cross-section of the slots 11 is L-shaped, and the retaining plates 9 are embedded in the slots 11. The pressure plate 4 is generally made of steel. Through the pressure plate 4, pressure is applied to the bridge abutment model 7. After repeated use, the pressure plate 4 will deform as a whole. After deformation, the pressure points at both ends of the pressure plate 4 on the bridge abutment model 7 will shift, causing the bridge abutment model 7 to... The uneven stress on the upper surface leads to inaccurate strength testing. To address this, the pressure plate 4 is designed to be detachable. When removing the pressure plate 4, the hydraulic cylinder 2 resets, and then the push-pull rod 10 is pushed inward. The push-pull rod 10 causes the clamping plates 9 to move closer together, while the horizontal part of the clamping plate 9 gradually moves away from the depth of the slot 11. When the clamping plate 9 is placed in the slot of the slot 11, the pressure plate 4 detaches from the clamping plate 9 under its own weight. Afterward, the clamping plate 9 can be repaired or replaced with a new pressure plate 4. During installation, the push-pull rod 10 is pressed inward as well, the two clamping plates 9 move closer together, and the pressure plate 4 is lifted up so that the slot 11 is aligned with the clamping plate 9. Then, the push-pull rod 10 is released, and the installation of the pressure plate 4 is completed. This is convenient and quick, ensuring the accuracy of the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The pressure block 5 has positioning plates 12 on both sides of its lower surface; the base plate 6 has fixing plates 13 on both sides of its upper surface, and positioning grooves 14 are opened on the fixing plates 13, with the positioning plates 12 inserted into the positioning grooves 14; when the pressure block 5 moves down, the positioning plates 12 are inserted into the positioning grooves 14 on the fixing plates 13, which restricts the left and right offset of the pressure block 5, so that the pressure on the pressure block 5 can be effectively applied to the bridge abutment model 7, avoiding the offset between the bridge abutment model 7 and the pressure block 5, and preventing the bridge abutment model 7 from tilting to the side, which would affect the accuracy of the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The positioning plate 12 and the fixing plate 13 have through grooves 15 on their side walls. The fixing plate 13 has a fixing block 16 on its outer side wall. The fixing block 16 is threaded with a fastening screw 17. The end of the fastening screw 17 passes through the through groove 15 and points to the two side walls of the bridge abutment model 7. The end of the fastening screw 17 is rotatably connected to a vertical limiting plate 18. After the bridge abutment is installed on the bridge pier, a support system is set on both sides of the bridge abutment, such as a concrete reinforcement or soil filling, to consolidate the support strength of the bridge abutment. The limiting plate 18 is set for this purpose to simulate the support system. Rotating the fastening screw 17 causes the limiting plate 18 to press against both sides of the bridge abutment model 7, stabilizing the support on both sides of the bridge abutment model 7, making the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7 more representative.

[0035] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The upper surface of the substrate 6 has a recess 19, and symmetrical grooves 20 are formed on the inner sidewall of the recess 19. The positioning groove 14 vertically penetrates and connects to the groove 20. A pressing rod 21 is provided in the groove 20. An L-shaped rod 22 is fixed to the end of the pressing rod 21. The end of the L-shaped rod 22 is vertically upward, and a slope is provided on the inner side of the vertically upward part of the L-shaped rod 22. The slope presses against the inclined surface at the position of the lower end through groove 15 of the positioning plate 12. The recess 19 restricts the bridge abutment model 7, so that the forward and backward movement of the bridge abutment model 7 is stabilized. In actual use, the two ends of the bridge are erected on one side of the edge of the bridge abutment, and do not completely cover the upper surface of the bridge abutment. The test of the bridge abutment model 7 is also based on the actual situation, considering that the bridge abutment model 7 is not fixed to the bridge pier as it is actually. To this end, a compression rod 21 is provided. When the pressure block 5 moves down, the positioning plate 12 is inserted into the positioning groove 14. The inclined surface of the lower end of the positioning plate 12 presses against the slope on the L-shaped rod 22. The broken L-shaped rod 22 drives the compression rod 21 to press towards the bridge abutment model 7, pressing the bridge abutment model 7 into the recess 19. This simulates the actual situation of the bridge abutment fixed on the bridge pier, preventing the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7 from tilting up when it is pressed down, which would result in inaccurate test data. Furthermore, after the pressure block 5 moves up, the L-shaped rod 22 loses the compression of the positioning plate 12. The rear end of the L-shaped rod 22 is connected to the slide groove 20 through the tension spring 221. The tension spring 221 resets the compression rod 21, and the compression rod 21 no longer presses against the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7, making it easier to remove the bridge abutment model 7 for convenient operation.

[0036] Reference Figure 6 A rotating groove is provided on the slope surface, and the rotating groove is rotatably connected to the roller body 23. The inclined surface at the position of the lower end of the positioning plate 12 through groove 15 is pressed onto the roller body 23. The rotating groove is provided to reduce the relative sliding friction between the positioning plate 12 and the L-shaped rod 22, so that the movement of the extrusion rod 21 is smoother, thereby ensuring that the extrusion plate is effectively pressed onto the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7.

[0037] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 The upper surface of the pressure block 5 has a horizontal groove 24, and a semi-cylindrical boss 25 is provided in the middle of the horizontal groove 24; the end of the pressure plate 4 is fitted into the horizontal groove 24 with a clearance, and a semi-cylindrical extrusion groove 26 is provided on the lower surface of the end of the pressure plate 4, with the boss 25 rotatably connected in the extrusion groove 26; the steel structure bridge is arc-shaped, and in order to match the shape of the bridge, the abutment is also set with a sloping bearing surface at the connection between the bridge and the abutment. In order to simulate the strength of this design, the following measures are taken. In the test, the bridge bearing surface of the bridge abutment model 7 will also be set with a certain slope. When the pressure block 5 is attached to the curved bridge abutment model 7, the lower surface of the pressure block 5 also needs to be attached to the bearing surface to make the force more uniform. For this purpose, a semi-cylindrical boss 25 and a pressing groove 26 are set. According to the slope of the upper surface of the bridge abutment model 7, the pressure plate 4 and the pressure block 5 are relatively deflected between each other, so that the force on the pressure block 5 is evenly applied to the bridge abutment model 7, improving the measurement accuracy.

[0038] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 An arc-shaped groove 27 is formed on the inner wall of the horizontal groove 24; protrusions 28 are provided on both sides of the end of the pressure plate 4, and the protrusions 28 are slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove 27; when the pressure plate 4 rises and resets, the protrusions 28 can swing in the arc-shaped groove 27, and at the same time, the protrusions 28 are limited in the arc-shaped groove 27. When the pressure plate 4 rises, it will also drive the pressure block 5 to move upward, so that the pressure block 5 and the pressure plate 4 move upward synchronously and away from the bridge abutment model 7, so that the trouble of removing the pressure block 5 is not needed later.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 The bridge abutment model 7 contains a cylinder 29. The lower surface of the cylinder 29 is magnetically attached to the inner bottom surface of the bridge abutment model 7. A telescopic rod 30 is slidably connected by a compression spring inside the cylinder 29. The outer ring of the telescopic rod 30 has a scale, and the end of the telescopic rod 30 rests on the inner top surface of the bridge abutment model 7. By setting the cooperation between the telescopic rod 30 and the cylinder 29, the submersion depth of the bridge abutment model 7 under different applied pressures can be observed by observing the scale on the telescopic rod 30. This provides multi-dimensional data support, making the test more representative.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] Reference Figure 9 Compared with Embodiment 1, as another embodiment of the present invention, the lower surface of the pressure plate 4 is provided with multiple reinforcing ribs 31, which are arranged along the length direction of the pressure plate 4. By providing multiple reinforcing ribs 31 on the lower surface of the pressure plate 4, the strength of the pressure plate 4 is improved, the number of times the pressure plate 4 can be used is extended, and the need for repair or replacement of the pressure plate 4 in the later stage is reduced.

[0042] Working Principle: This invention designs two bridge abutment models 7 by proportionally scaling down the bridge abutment. The bridge abutment model 7 is placed on the base plate 6, and the two ends of the pressure plate 4 are placed on the bridge abutment model 7. The hydraulic cylinder 2 is driven, and the hydraulic cylinder 2 applies pressure to the pressure plate 4 through the pressure block 5. The pressure is then applied to the bridge abutment model 7. While driving the hydraulic cylinder 2, the value on the output pressure gauge is observed and recorded at all times. The pressure plate 4 applies pressure to both bridge abutment models 7 at the same time, and the two bridge abutments bear the pressure simultaneously, which can simultaneously demonstrate the load-bearing strength performance of the bridge abutment. The frame 1 between the two base plates 6 can move left and right, moving closer to one base plate 6 and away from the other base plate 6, applying pressure to different positions on the pressure plate 4, testing the force at different points on the bridge, thereby simulating the stress situation of the bridge abutment, making the test of the bridge abutment model 7 more representative.

[0043] The pressure plate 4 is generally made of steel. Pressure is applied to the bridge abutment model 7 through the pressure plate 4. After repeated use, the pressure plate 4 deforms, causing the pressure points at both ends of the deformed pressure plate 4 to shift on the bridge abutment model 7. This results in uneven stress distribution on the upper surface of the bridge abutment model 7, leading to inaccurate strength tests. Therefore, the pressure plate 4 is designed to be detachable. When removing the pressure plate 4, the hydraulic cylinder 2 resets, and then pushes the push-pull rod 10 inward. The push-pull rod 10 then moves the locking plate 9. As the two plates approach each other, the horizontal part of the clamping plate 9 gradually moves away from the depth of the clamping groove 11. When the clamping plate 9 is placed in the groove of the clamping groove 11, the pressure plate 4 detaches from the clamping plate 9 under its own weight. Then, the clamping plate 9 is repaired or replaced with a new pressure plate 4. During installation, the push-pull rod 10 is pressed inward, the two clamping plates 9 move closer to each other, and the pressure plate 4 is lifted up so that the clamping groove 11 is aligned with the clamping plate 9. Then, the push-pull rod 10 is released. At this time, the installation of the pressure plate 4 is completed. It is convenient and quick, and ensures the accuracy of the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7.

[0044] When the pressure block 5 moves down, the positioning plate 12 is inserted into the positioning groove 14 on the fixing plate 13, which restricts the left and right offset of the pressure block 5, so that the pressure on the pressure block 5 can be effectively applied to the bridge abutment model 7, avoiding the offset between the bridge abutment model 7 and the pressure block 5, the bridge abutment model 7 tilting to the side, and affecting the accuracy of the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7.

[0045] After the bridge abutment is installed on the bridge pier, a support system is set on both sides of the bridge abutment, such as setting concrete reinforcement or filling soil, to consolidate the support strength of the bridge abutment. For this purpose, a limiting plate 18 is set to simulate the support system. Rotating the fastening screw 17 causes the limiting plate 18 to press against both sides of the bridge abutment model 7, stabilizing the support on both sides of the bridge abutment model 7, making the strength test of the bridge abutment model 7 more representative.

[0046] The recess 19 restricts the bridge abutment model 7, stabilizing its forward and backward movement. In actual use, the two ends of the bridge are erected on one side of the abutment's edge, not completely covering its upper surface. Testing of the bridge abutment model 7 is based on this actual situation. Considering that the bridge abutment model 7 is not fixed to the pier as it would be in reality, a compression rod 21 is provided. When the pressure block 5 moves downward, the positioning plate 12 is inserted into the positioning groove 14, and the inclined surface of the lower end of the positioning plate 12 presses against the slope of the L-shaped rod 22, causing damage to the L-shaped rod 22. The extrusion rod 21 is driven to press the bridge abutment model 7 towards the bridge abutment model 7, pressing the bridge abutment model 7 into the recess 19. This simulates the actual situation of the bridge abutment fixed on the bridge pier, preventing the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7 from tilting up when it is pressed down, which would lead to inaccurate test data. Furthermore, after the pressure block 5 moves up, the L-shaped rod 22 loses the extrusion of the positioning plate 12. The rear end of the L-shaped rod 22 is connected to the slide groove 20 through the tension spring 221. The tension spring 221 resets the extrusion rod 21, and the extrusion rod 21 no longer presses the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7, so that the bridge abutment model 7 can be removed for easy operation.

[0047] The groove is designed to reduce the relative sliding friction between the positioning plate 12 and the L-shaped rod 22, making the movement of the extrusion rod 21 smoother, thereby ensuring that the extrusion plate effectively presses against the bottom of the bridge abutment model 7. The steel structure bridge is arc-shaped, and in order to match the shape of the bridge, the bridge abutment is also designed with a sloped bearing surface at the connection between the bridge and the abutment. In order to simulate the strength test of this design, the bridge bearing surface of the bridge abutment model 7 is also set with a certain slope. When the pressure block 5 is attached to the arc-shaped bridge abutment model 7, the lower surface of the pressure block 5 also needs to be attached to the bearing surface to make the force more uniform. For this purpose, a semi-cylindrical boss 25 and an extrusion groove 26 are set. The pressure plate 4 and the pressure block 5 are relatively deflected between the pressure block 5 and the pressure plate 4 according to the slope of the upper surface of the bridge abutment model 7, so that the force on the pressure block 5 is evenly applied to the bridge abutment model 7, improving the measurement accuracy.

[0048] When the pressure plate 4 rises and resets, the protrusion 28 can swing within the arc groove 27. At the same time, the protrusion 28 is limited within the arc groove 27. As the pressure plate 4 rises, it also drives the pressure block 5 to move upward, so that the pressure block 5 and the pressure plate 4 move upward synchronously and away from the bridge abutment model 7, eliminating the need to remove the pressure block 5 later. By setting the cooperation between the telescopic rod 30 and the cylinder 29, the scale on the telescopic rod 30 can be observed to observe the diving depth of the bridge abutment model 7 under different applied pressures, providing multi-dimensional data support and making the test more representative.

[0049] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for testing the strength of a bridge abutment, characterized in that: The utility model provides a bridge abutment model pressure testing device, including pressure unit and bearing unit, the pressure unit includes frame body (1), be equipped with hydraulic cylinder (2) on frame body (1), the output of hydraulic cylinder (2) downwardly extends and is fixedly connected with the adapter plate (3) through frame body (1), the lower surface of adapter plate (3) is fixedly connected with pressure plate (4), pressure plate (4) is placed on the both sides of frame body (1) symmetry, and the both ends of pressure plate (4) are fixedly connected with pressure block (5), and the bearing unit is installed below pressure block (5); The lower surface of the adapter plate (3) is provided with a groove (8), and the groove (8) is symmetrically provided with an L-shaped clamping plate (9). The two clamping plates (9) are connected together by a spring. The horizontal part of the clamping plate (9) extends outward. The vertical part of the clamping plate (9) is fixedly connected with a push-pull rod (10) on the outer side wall. The end of the push-pull rod (10) is slidably connected through the side wall of the adapter plate (3). The upper surface of the pressure plate (4) is symmetrically provided with a clamping groove (11). The cross section of the clamping groove (11) is L-shaped. The clamping plate (9) is embedded in the clamping groove (11). The lower surface of the pressure block (5) is provided with a positioning plate (12) on both sides. The upper surface of the base plate (6) is provided with a fixed plate (13) on both sides. The fixed plate (13) is provided with a positioning groove (14). The positioning plate (12) is inserted into the positioning groove (14). The side wall of the positioning plate (12) and the fixed plate (13) is provided with a through groove (15). The outer side wall of the fixed plate (13) is provided with a fixed block (16). The fixed block (16) is threadedly connected with a fastening screw (17). The end of the fastening screw (17) penetrates through the through groove (15) and points to the side wall of the bridge abutment model (7). The end of the fastening screw (17) is rotatably connected with a limiting plate (18) in a vertical state. The upper surface of the base plate (6) is provided with a recess (19). The inner side wall of the recess (19) is symmetrically provided with a sliding groove (20). The positioning groove (14) vertically penetrates and communicates with the sliding groove (20). The sliding groove (20) is provided with an extrusion rod (21). The end of the extrusion rod (21) is fixedly connected with an L-shaped rod (22). The end of the L-shaped rod (22) is vertically upward. The inner side of the vertically upward part of the L-shaped rod (22) is provided with an inclined slope. The inclined slope is extruded and fitted to the inclined surface at the position of the through groove (15) of the lower end of the positioning plate (12).

2. A bridge end strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The inclined surface at the position of the through groove (15) of the lower end of the positioning plate (12) is extruded on the roller body (23).

3. A bridge end strength testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The upper surface of the pressure block (5) is provided with a horizontal groove (24). The horizontal groove (24) is provided with a semi-cylindrical boss (25) at the middle position. The end of the pressure plate (4) is clearance-fitted in the horizontal groove (24). The lower surface of the end of the pressure plate (4) is provided with a semi-cylindrical extrusion groove (26). The boss (25) is rotatably connected in the extrusion groove (26).

4. A bridge end strength testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: The inner side wall of the horizontal groove (24) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (27); the end of the pressing plate (4) is provided with a convex point (28) which is slidingly connected in the arc-shaped groove (27).

5. A bridge end strength testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The bridge abutment model (7) is internally provided with a cylinder (29), the lower surface of the cylinder (29) is magnetically attached to the inner bottom surface of the bridge abutment model (7), the cylinder (29) is internally provided with a telescopic rod (30) slidingly connected with a compression spring, the outer ring of the telescopic rod (30) is provided with a scale, and the end of the telescopic rod (30) is positioned against the inner top surface of the bridge abutment model (7).

6. A bridge end strength testing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: The lower surface of the pressing plate (4) is provided with a plurality of reinforcing rib plates (31) which are arranged along the length direction of the pressing plate (4).

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