Methods for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency in arid areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for simultaneously improving cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas, and belongs to the technical field of cotton fertilization. The method for simultaneously improving cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas comprises: applying 228.8 to 259.3 g / mu of phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) and 2.5 to 3.5 kg / mu of bio-organic liquid fertilizer during the seedling stage; 452.1 to 512.4 g / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N); and 75.0 to 85.0 g / mu of potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O); and applying 2058.8 to 2333.3 g / mu of phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) and 22.6 to 31.6 kg / mu of bio-organic liquid fertilizer during the bud stage; 3717.0 to 4212.6 g / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N); and 1012.5 to 1147.5 g / mu of potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O). The present invention effectively improves the phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of cotton, ensures normal growth of cotton, and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for achieving synchronous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas, and belongs to the technical field of cotton fertilization. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is one of the world's most important economic crops. In recent years, with the increasing competition for land between grain and cotton and environmental issues, there is a need to reduce pesticide and fertilizer use to protect the environment and achieve sustainable development, while also ensuring efficient and high-quality cotton production.

[0003] Water shortage and low fertilizer utilization rate are the main limiting factors for cotton production in arid areas. Due to the serious phenomenon of continuous cropping of cotton in arid areas for many years and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, secondary salinization of the soil and frequent soil-borne diseases have restricted the sustainable development of cotton.

[0004] The rational application of organic and chemical fertilizers is an effective way to address excessive chemical fertilizer use, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and enhance farmland quality. However, blindly pursuing "organic" fertilizers and excessive use of organic fertilizers can also increase the risk of heavy metal accumulation in the soil.

[0005] The high yield and high efficiency of cotton in arid areas are closely related to the large-scale promotion of integrated water-fertilizer technology, but traditional organic fertilizers are used in large quantities and have low fertilizer utilization rates, which makes them less compatible with integrated water-fertilizer technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the method of the present invention for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas comprises:

[0008] Application at seedling stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 228.8-259.3g / mu, biological organic liquid 2.5-3.5kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 452.1-512.4g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 75.0-85.0g / mu;

[0009] Application during the bud stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2058.8 ~ 2333.3 g / mu, biological organic liquid 22.6 ~ 31.6 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3717.0 ~ 4212.6 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 1012.5 ~ 1147.5 g / mu;

[0010] Application during flowering period: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2516.3 ~ 2851.8g / mu, biological organic liquid 26.4 ~ 37.4kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3927.8 ~ 4451.5g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 2475.0 ~ 2805.0g / mu;

[0011] Application during the boll stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5: 1830.0-2074.0 g / mu, biological organic liquid: 19.4-27.4 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N: 3306.3-3747.1 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O: 1200.0-1360.0 g / mu;

[0012] The bio-organic liquid fertilizer has humic acid ≥30 g / L, amino acid ≥10 g / L, trace elements manganese, zinc, and boron ≥10 g / L in total; and Bacillus subtilis ≥200 million / L.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of monoammonium phosphate and urea phosphate; the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride; and the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the method includes fertilizing, and the fertilizing method includes: mixing phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and biological organic liquid to obtain organic liquid fertilizer.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the organic liquid fertilizer is applied after irrigating with clean water for 0.5 to 1.2 hours.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the organic liquid fertilizer is applied 0.5 hours after irrigation at the seedling stage; 0.8 to 1 hour after irrigation at the bud stage; 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the flowering stage; and 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the boll stage.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the cotton is irrigated 10 times during the whole growth period, with a total irrigation amount of 260-330 m 3 .

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the seedling stage is irrigated once, and the irrigation amount is 20-30m 3 / mu; irrigate 3 times during the bud stage, with an irrigation volume of 25-30m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during flowering period, with an irrigation volume of 30 to 40 m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during the bell period, with an irrigation volume of 25 to 30 m 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, 4-5 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer is applied after irrigation during the seedling stage; 10-12 kg / mu, 12-15 kg / mu, and 15-18 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the bud stage; 17-20 kg / mu, 16-18 kg / mu, and 15-17 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the flowering stage; and 14-16 kg / mu, 13-14 kg / mu, and 9-10 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the boll stage.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention effectively improves the utilization efficiency of cotton phosphorus fertilizer, wherein the agronomic utilization rate reaches 20.60 kg / kg and the apparent utilization rate reaches 14.35%.

[0022] 2. The present invention can ensure the normal growth of cotton and can also achieve a cotton yield of 450 kg per mu.

[0023] 3. The present invention can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers by 20%, saving costs and increasing the organic matter content in the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Phosphorus absorption rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To achieve the above objectives, the method of the present invention for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas comprises:

[0026] Application at seedling stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 228.8-259.3g / mu, biological organic liquid 2.5-3.5kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 452.1-512.4g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 75.0-85.0g / mu;

[0027] Application during the bud stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2058.8 ~ 2333.3 g / mu, biological organic liquid 22.6 ~ 31.6 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3717.0 ~ 4212.6 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 1012.5 ~ 1147.5 g / mu;

[0028] Application during flowering period: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2516.3 ~ 2851.8g / mu, biological organic liquid 26.4 ~ 37.4kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3927.8 ~ 4451.5g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 2475.0 ~ 2805.0g / mu;

[0029] Application during the boll stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5: 1830.0-2074.0 g / mu, biological organic liquid: 19.4-27.4 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N: 3306.3-3747.1 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O: 1200.0-1360.0 g / mu;

[0030] The bio-organic liquid fertilizer has humic acid ≥30 g / L, amino acid ≥10 g / L, trace elements manganese, zinc, and boron ≥10 g / L in total; and Bacillus subtilis ≥200 million / L.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of monoammonium phosphate and urea phosphate; the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride; and the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the method includes fertilizing, and the fertilizing method includes: mixing phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and biological organic liquid to obtain organic liquid fertilizer.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the organic liquid fertilizer is applied after irrigating with clean water for 0.5 to 1.2 hours.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the organic liquid fertilizer is applied 0.5 hours after irrigation at the seedling stage; 0.8 to 1 hour after irrigation at the bud stage; 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the flowering stage; and 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the boll stage.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the cotton is irrigated 10 times during the whole growth period, with a total irrigation amount of 260-330 m 3 .

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the seedling stage is irrigated once, and the irrigation amount is 20-30m 3 / mu; irrigate 3 times during the bud stage, with an irrigation volume of 25-30m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during flowering period, with an irrigation volume of 30 to 40 m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during the bell period, with an irrigation volume of 25 to 30 m 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, 4-5 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer is applied after irrigation during the seedling stage; 10-12 kg / mu, 12-15 kg / mu, and 15-18 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the bud stage; 17-20 kg / mu, 16-18 kg / mu, and 15-17 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the flowering stage; and 14-16 kg / mu, 13-14 kg / mu, and 9-10 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively after three irrigations during the boll stage.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Example 1 Detailed fertilization time, fertilization type and fertilization amount at different periods are shown in Table 1 Example 1 for specific fertilization date and fertilization amount.

[0041] The biological organic liquid used in this experiment contains soluble organic matter (humic acid 30g / L, amino acid 10g / L), trace elements (manganese 2g / L, zinc 3g / L, boron 5g / L), and Bacillus subtilis 200 million / L.

[0042] Before each fertilization, the urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and biological organic liquid required for application on that day as recorded in Table 1 were mixed to obtain the corresponding organic liquid fertilizer.

[0043] (1) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer for seedling emergence: sow seeds when the ground temperature at 5cm is greater than 15℃, adopt dry sowing and wet emergence technology, and the amount of water for seedling emergence should be within 20m 3 / mu, on April 20, drip clean water for 0.5h and then inject the organic liquid fertilizer applied on April 20 as recorded in Table 1.

[0044] (2) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer at bud stage: The cotton field is first irrigated in early June, and irrigated three times with irrigation volumes of 35, 20, and 25 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected 1, 0.8, and 0.8 hours after irrigation, respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0045] (3) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during flowering period: irrigate 3 times from the early flowering period to the peak flowering period of cotton, with irrigation volume of 30, 40, and 40 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, with an irrigation cycle of 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer injected 1, 1.2, and 1.2 hours after the water was dripped in, respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0046] (4) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during boll stage: From the boll stage to the boll opening stage of cotton, irrigate 3 times with the irrigation volume of 30, 30, and 20 m3 respectively.3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, dripping clean water 1, 1, and 1.2 hours later, inject organic liquid fertilizer. See Table 1 for details.

[0047] Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (kg / kg) = yield / amount of phosphate applied;

[0048] Agronomic utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer (kg / kg) = (yield of fertilization treatment - yield of no fertilization treatment) / amount of phosphorus applied;

[0049] Apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer (%) = (phosphate absorption amount in fertilization treatment - phosphate absorption amount in no fertilization treatment) / amount of phosphate applied × 100.

[0050] Table 1 Example 1 Specific fertilization date and fertilizer application amount

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] The potassium sulfate in Table 1 is a fertilizer with an effective ingredient K2O content of 51%.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that the total amount of bio-organic liquid in the formula of Example 1 was reduced by 20%. Detailed fertilization records are shown in Table 2.

[0056] (1) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer for seedling emergence: sow seeds when the ground temperature at 5cm is greater than 15℃, adopt dry sowing and wet emergence technology, and the amount of water for seedling emergence should be within 20m 3 / mu, drip clean water for 0.5h and then inject organic liquid fertilizer.

[0057] (2) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer at bud stage: The cotton field is first irrigated in early June, and irrigated three times with irrigation volumes of 35, 20, and 25 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected after 1, 0.8, and 0.8 hours of irrigation respectively.

[0058] (3) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during flowering period: irrigate 3 times from the early flowering period to the peak flowering period of cotton, with irrigation volume of 30, 40, and 40 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected 1, 1.2, and 1.2 hours after the dripping of clean water respectively.

[0059] (4) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during boll stage: From the boll stage to the boll opening stage of cotton, irrigate 3 times with the irrigation volume of 30, 30, and 20 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected after dripping clean water for 1, 1, and 0.8 hours.

[0060] The specific fertilization dates and application rates are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 Example 2 Specific fertilization date and fertilizer application amount

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The other ingredients are the same as in Example 1, except that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the formula of Example 1 is increased by 20%. Detailed fertilizer dosage is shown in Table 3

[0066] (1) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer for seedling emergence: sow seeds when the ground temperature at 5cm is greater than 15℃, adopt dry sowing and wet emergence technology, and the amount of water for seedling emergence should be within 20m 3 / mu, drip clean water for 0.5h and then inject organic liquid fertilizer.

[0067] (2) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer at bud stage: The cotton field is first irrigated in early June, and irrigated three times with irrigation volumes of 35, 20, and 25 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected after 1, 0.8, and 0.8 hours of irrigation respectively.

[0068] (3) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during flowering period: irrigate 3 times from the early flowering period to the peak flowering period of cotton, with irrigation volume of 30, 40, and 40 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, and organic liquid fertilizer is injected 1, 1.2, and 1.2 hours after the dripping of clean water respectively.

[0069] (4) Fertilization method of organic liquid fertilizer during boll stage: From the boll stage to the boll opening stage of cotton, irrigate 3 times with the irrigation volume of 30, 30, and 20 m3 respectively. 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days, drip clean water for 1, 1, and 1.2 hours and then inject organic liquid fertilizer.

[0070] Table 3 Comparative Example 1 Specific fertilization date and fertilizer amount

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] Other aspects were the same as those in Example 1, except that the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer in Comparative Example 2 was reduced by 18% at different growth stages.

[0075] Table 4 Comparative Example 2 Specific fertilization date and fertilizer amount

[0076]

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] Other aspects were the same as those in Example 1, except that the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer in Comparative Example 3 was increased by 40% at different growth stages.

[0079] Table 5 Specific fertilization date and fertilization amount of comparative example 3

[0080]

[0081] Comparative Example 4

[0082] Other aspects were the same as those in Example 1, except that the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer in Comparative Example 4 was increased by 60% at different growth stages.

[0083] Table 6 Specific fertilization date and fertilization amount of comparative example 4

[0084]

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] Other conditions were the same as those in Comparative Example 1, except that no bio-organic liquid was applied. See Table 7 for details.

[0087] Table 7 Specific fertilization date and fertilization amount of comparative example 5

[0088]

[0089] Table 8 Phosphate fertilizer application effects of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] The data in Table 8 show that the cotton treated with the organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention has a significant increase in the partial productivity, agronomic utilization rate and apparent utilization rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer compared with the comparative example 5 where only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in Example 1 has the highest increase, and the apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer reaches 14.35%. Figure 1 . Figure 1 This shows that the application of organic liquid fertilizer increased the phosphorus absorption of cotton compared with the comparative example 5 where only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied.

[0093] Table 9 Cotton growth conditions and products of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0094]

[0095] The data in Table 9 show that the cotton treated with the organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention showed a small increase in yield with continued addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while the cotton biomass showed an increasing trend. Compared with the comparative example 5 where only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied, the cotton biomass, boll weight, and seed cotton yield increased by an average of 24.5%, 0.4%, and 9.7%, respectively, reaching a seed cotton yield of 465.1 kg.

Claims

1. A method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas, characterized in that: The method comprises: Application at seedling stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 228.8-259.3g / mu, biological organic liquid 2.5-3.5kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 452.1-512.4g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 75.0-85.0g / mu; Application during the bud stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2058.8 ~ 2333.3 g / mu, biological organic liquid 22.6 ~ 31.6 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3717.0 ~ 4212.6 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 1012.5 ~ 1147.5 g / mu; Application during flowering period: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5 2516.3 ~ 2851.8g / mu, biological organic liquid 26.4 ~ 37.4kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N 3927.8 ~ 4451.5g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O 2475.0 ~ 2805.0g / mu; Application during the boll stage: Phosphorus fertilizer calculated as P2O5: 1830.0-2074.0 g / mu, biological organic liquid: 19.4-27.4 kg / mu; Nitrogen fertilizer calculated as N: 3306.3-3747.1 g / mu; Potassium fertilizer calculated as K2O: 1200.0-1360.0 g / mu; The bio-organic liquid contains humic acid ≥30 g / L, amino acids ≥10 g / L, trace elements manganese, zinc, and boron ≥10 g / L in total, and Bacillus subtilis ≥200 million / L.

2. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer is at least one of monoammonium phosphate and urea phosphate; the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride; and the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.

3. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method includes fertilizing, and the fertilizing method includes: mixing phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and biological organic liquid to obtain organic liquid fertilizer.

4. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic liquid fertilizer is applied by irrigating with clean water for 0.5 to 1.2 hours and then applying the organic liquid fertilizer.

5. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The organic liquid fertilizer is applied 0.5 hours after irrigation at the seedling stage; 0.8 to 1 hour after irrigation at the bud stage; 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the flowering stage; and 1 to 1.2 hours after irrigation at the boll stage.

6. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cotton was irrigated 10 times during its entire growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 260-330 m 3 .

7. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Irrigate once during the seedling stage, and the irrigation volume is 20-30m 3 / mu; irrigate 3 times during the bud stage, with an irrigation volume of 25-30m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during flowering period, with an irrigation volume of 30 to 40 m 3 / mu, irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days; irrigation is done 3 times during the bell period, with an irrigation volume of 25 to 30 m 3 / mu, the irrigation cycle is 7 to 10 days.

8. The method for achieving simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency in arid areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: After irrigation in the seedling stage, 4-5 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer is applied; after three irrigations in the bud stage, 10-12 kg / mu, 12-15 kg / mu, and 15-18 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively; after three irrigations in the flowering stage, 17-20 kg / mu, 16-18 kg / mu, and 15-17 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively; after three irrigations in the boll stage, 14-16 kg / mu, 13-14 kg / mu, and 9-10 kg / mu of organic liquid fertilizer are applied respectively.

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