A bench test device and test method for an antifriction gasket of a drive shaft

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of bench test, and particularly relates to a bench test device and test method for an antifriction gasket of a drive shaft; wherein a torsion testing machine and a fixed frame are arranged in sequence, a hub bearing is installed on the fixed frame, the movable end of the drive shaft is connected to the torque input end of the torsion testing machine, the fixed end of the drive shaft is inserted into the hub bearing through a spline, and its threaded end passes through the hub bearing and is fastened to the hub bearing through a locking nut; a force sensor is arranged between the hub bearing and the locking nut, and a displacement sensor is arranged above the fixed end of the drive shaft; by obtaining the angle data, this method can better analyze the use conditions of the gasket, thereby optimizing the structure of the gasket and further achieving the effect of optimizing the gasket life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of bench tests, and particularly relates to a bench test device and test method for an anti-friction gasket of a drive shaft. Background Art

[0002] The wheel-side drive torque of an automobile gradually increases, and the problem of abnormal noise during vehicle start frequently occurs, causing complaints from consumers. To solve the problem of abnormal noise during start, an anti-friction gasket is added between the drive shaft and the hub bearing. However, damage to the anti-friction gasket can cause many problems, such as recurrence of abnormal noise, cutting of the wheel speed sensor wire harness, and loosening of the lock nut. The existing bench verification method is to use the torsional fatigue test of the drive shaft to verify the reliability of the anti-friction gasket. However, this technical solution has the following deficiencies:

[0003] 1) There is a certain difference between the load on the anti-friction gasket and the torsional fatigue load of the drive shaft, which is not sufficient to cover all working conditions of vehicle use;

[0004] 2) The torsional fatigue of the drive shaft is not sufficient to cover the load cycles of the anti-friction gasket throughout the vehicle's life cycle;

[0005] 3) Using the torsional fatigue test of the drive shaft to verify the reliability of the anti-friction gasket cannot accurately identify gasket failure, and it can only be checked after the test ends;

[0006] 4) The torsional fatigue test does not evaluate the torque decay of the drive shaft lock nut, and the bench test cannot record data in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a bench test device and test method for an anti-friction gasket of a drive shaft; it can cover the load cycles of the anti-friction gasket throughout the vehicle's life cycle, accurately identify gasket failure, and help analyze and optimize the gasket structure.

[0008] A bench test device for an anti-friction gasket of a drive shaft includes a torsion testing machine 1, a drive shaft 2, a hub bearing 3, a force sensor 4, a displacement sensor 5, a lock nut 7, and a fixed frame 8. The torsion testing machine 1 and the fixed frame 8 are arranged in sequence from left to right. The hub bearing 3 is installed on the fixed frame 8. The mobile end on the left side of the drive shaft 2 is connected to the torque input end of the torsion testing machine 1. The fixed end on the right side of the drive shaft 2 is inserted into the hub bearing 3 through a spline, and the threaded end at its right end passes through the hub bearing 3 and is fastened to the hub bearing 3 through the lock nut 7. A force sensor 4 is provided between the right end of the hub bearing 3 and the lock nut 7, and a displacement sensor 5 is provided above the fixed end of the drive shaft 2.

[0009] The displacement sensor 5 is a micron displacement sensor.

[0010] Above one side of the hub bearing 3 facing the displacement sensor 5, a laser reflection surface tooling 31 is provided. A protrusion is formed on the upper side of the side wall of the hub bearing 3 along one side of the displacement sensor 5. Laser reflection inclined surfaces 31 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the protrusion.

[0011] The laser reflection inclined surface 31 is a smooth inclined surface, and the included angle between it and the horizontal plane is 45°.

[0012] A method for verifying the drive shaft anti-friction gasket bench test device by applying the above drive shaft anti-friction gasket bench test device includes the following content:

[0013] Step 1: Sleeve the anti-friction gasket 6 outside the contact position between the drive shaft 2 and the hub bearing 3; and adjust the universal joint swing angle of the drive shaft 2 according to the design requirements.

[0014] Step 2: Divide the i-gear load within the maximum driving force range of the vehicle as the drive shaft load, and calculate the drive shaft load T for each gear according to the following formula i :

[0015] T i = M × a i / 2

[0016] Where: M is the full-load mass of the vehicle, and a i is the average acceleration of all vehicles in the database within the i-gear load range;

[0017] Step 2: Calculate the number of cycles N of each gear load according to the following formula i :

[0018] N i = Σ(n1 + n2 + … + n i ) / I,

[0019] Where n i is the number of cycles of all data in the database within the i-gear load range, and I is the total number of vehicles in the database;

[0020] Step 3: Rotate the drive shaft 2 through the torsion testing machine 1 respectively according to each drive shaft load T i and the corresponding number of cycles N i to conduct the test; and record the monitoring data of the force sensor 4 and the displacement sensor 5 during each cycle under each gear load.

[0021] Step 4: Calculate the relative rotation angle θ between the universal joint of the drive shaft 2 and the hub bearing 3 according to the data measured by the displacement sensor 5 according to the following formula:

[0022] θ = 360°L / 2πR

[0023] Where L is the displacement measured by the displacement sensor 5, and R is the distance between the center of the light received by the displacement sensor 5 and the axis center of the fixed section of the drive shaft 2.

[0024] Step Five: The force sensor 4 collects the axial force of the drive shaft 2 in real time to determine whether the locking nut 7 is loose during the test. At the same time, the axial force data and the rotation angle data measured by the force sensor 4 can be used for subsequent iterative analysis in the bench test verification.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention:

[0026] By obtaining the rotation angle data, this method can better analyze the working conditions of the gasket, thereby optimizing the structure of the gasket and further achieving the effect of optimizing the gasket life.

[0027] This method can monitor the torque change of the nut, thereby controlling the effectiveness of the test and improving the test efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is an enlarged partial structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the displacement sensor and the laser reflection inclined plane of the device of the present invention.

[0032] Where: torsion testing machine 1, drive shaft 2, hub bearing 3, laser reflection inclined plane 31, force sensor 4, displacement sensor 5, laser emission and reception port 51, anti-friction gasket 6, locking nut 7, fixed frame 8. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] The following will further elaborate on the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected to", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through other features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over", and "on" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "below", "beneath", and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicating that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0036] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "left", and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and do not have special meanings.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] As Figures 1-3 shown, a bench test device for a drive shaft anti-wear gasket includes a torsion testing machine 1, a drive shaft 2, a hub bearing 3, a force sensor 4, a displacement sensor 5, a lock nut 7, and a fixed frame 8. The torsion testing machine 1 and the fixed frame 8 are arranged on the test bench in sequence from left to right. The hub bearing 3 is installed on the fixed frame 8. The mobile end on the left side of the drive shaft 2 is connected to the torque input end of the torsion testing machine 1. The fixed end on the right side of the drive shaft 2 is inserted into the hub bearing 3 through a spline, and the threaded end at its right end passes through the hub bearing 3 and is fastened to the hub bearing 3 through the lock nut 7. A force sensor 4 is provided between the right end of the hub bearing 3 and the lock nut 7, and a displacement sensor 5 is provided above the fixed joint housing of the fixed end of the drive shaft 2.

[0039] The displacement sensor 5 is a micrometer displacement sensor.

[0040] Above one side of the hub bearing 3 facing the displacement sensor 5, a laser reflection surface tooling 31 is provided. A protrusion is formed along one side of the displacement sensor 5 on the upper sidewall of the hub bearing 3, and laser reflection inclined surfaces 31 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the protrusion. The laser reflection inclined surfaces 31 are used to reflect the laser emitted from the laser emission and reception ports 51 of the displacement sensor 5.

[0041] The laser reflection inclined surface 31 is a smooth inclined surface, and the included angle between it and the horizontal plane is 45°.

[0042] A method for verifying the drive shaft anti-friction gasket bench test device using the above drive shaft anti-friction gasket bench test device includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Sleeve the anti-friction gasket 6 outside the contact position between the drive shaft 2 and the hub bearing 3; and adjust the universal joint swing angle of the drive shaft 2 according to the design requirements.

[0044] Step 2: Divide the load of the i-th gear within the maximum driving force range of the vehicle as the drive shaft load, and calculate the drive shaft load T of each gear according to the following formula i :

[0045] T i = M × a i / 2

[0046] where: M is the full load mass of the vehicle, and a i is the average acceleration of all vehicles in the database within the load range of the i-th gear;

[0047] Step 2: Calculate the number of cycles N of each gear load according to the following formula i :

[0048] N i = Σ(n1 + n2 + … + n i ) / I,

[0049] where n i is the number of cycles of all data (a certain vehicle) in the database within the load range of the i-th gear, and I is the total number of vehicles in the database;

[0050] Step 3: Rotate the drive shaft 2 through the torsion testing machine 1 respectively according to the drive shaft load T of each gear i and the corresponding number of cycles N i to conduct the test; and record the monitoring data of the force sensor 4 and the displacement sensor 5 during each cycle under each gear load.

[0051] Step 4: Calculate the relative rotation angle θ between the universal joint of the drive shaft 2 and the hub bearing 3 according to the data measured by the displacement sensor 5 by the following formula:

[0052] θ = 360°L / 2πR

[0053] Where L is the displacement measured by the displacement sensor 5, and R is the distance between the light receiving center of the displacement sensor 5 and the fixed joint axis of the drive shaft 2.

[0054] Step 5: The force sensor 4 collects the axial force of the drive shaft 2 in real time to determine whether the lock nut 7 is loose during the test. At the same time, the axial force data and the rotation angle data measured by the force sensor 4 can be used for bench verification of subsequent iterative analysis.

[0055] The hub bearing 3 and the lock nut 7 as companion specimens can only be used once and are not allowed to be reused.

[0056] Embodiment 2

[0057] A bench verification method for a drive shaft wear-reducing gasket. The overall bench layout is shown in Figure 1 ;

[0058] 1. Setting of test load and number of cycles: Statistical analysis is performed on the vehicle acceleration a within the full life cycle of I vehicles in the database. Interval statistics are performed every time △a is increased. It can be approximately considered that the drive shaft load T i = M×a / 2, and the number of cycles N i = Σ(n1 + n2 + … + n i ) / I, (M is the full load mass, and it is recommended to take i = 4). According to the maximum driving force range of the vehicle, the load is divided into 4 gears.

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] The above table shows a single load cycle test, which is repeated 100 load cycles.

[0062] Bench layout and specimen installation: Connect the mobile end of the drive shaft 2 to the torque input end of the test bench. Install the companion hub bearing 3 specimen on the fixed frame 8. Insert the spline at the fixed end of the drive shaft 2 into the hub bearing 3. Install the force sensor 4 and the lock nut 7. Adjust the swing angle of the universal joint according to the design requirements.

[0063] Start the test according to the test sequence in the above table and monitor the axial force data of the force sensor 4 in real time;

[0064] In the drive shaft bench test, the force sensor 4 for monitoring the axial force of the screw shaft is introduced for the first time to monitor the axial force;

[0065] Collect the axial force data of the screw and perform design iteration; when the axial force is abnormal, the bench alarms;

[0066] Apply a high-precision laser displacement sensor to monitor the angular displacement between the universal joint and the hub bearing 3. The measured data can be used for design iteration;

[0067] Design a tooling 31 with a laser reflection surface having unequal surface heights for use in conjunction with a displacement sensor 5;

[0068] The data measured by the displacement sensor 5 is converted into relative rotation angle data, which can be used for subsequent design iterations;

[0069] Example 3

[0070] 1) Conduct a wear-resistant gasket bench test according to the drive shaft load (T) and the number of cycles (N) during the entire life cycle of vehicle use;

[0071] 2) Conduct data statistics on the vehicle acceleration a of 55 vehicles during the entire life cycle in the database. Perform interval statistics every time Δa increases. It can be approximately considered that the drive shaft load T i = M × a / 2, and the number of cycles N i = Σ(n1 + n2 + … + n 55 ) / 55, (M is the full load mass, and it is recommended to take i as 4). Divide into 4 gear loads according to the vehicle's maximum driving force range.

[0072] 3) The actual vehicle acceleration data can utilize in-vehicle big data;

[0073] 4) In order to confirm whether the drive shaft load calculated from the acceleration in the big data matches the actual load, use a six-component force device to collect the wheel end torque and verify it with the calculated value;

[0074] 5) A sketch of the test equipment is shown in the appendix Figure 1 ;

[0075] 6) On the test bench, use the same hub bearing 3 and lock nut 7 as in the actual vehicle as companion test pieces. The companion test pieces can only be used once and are not allowed to be reused;

[0076] 7) Install a force sensor 4 between the hub bearing 3 and the lock nut 7 of the drive shaft;

[0077] 8) Use the force sensor 4 to collect the axial force of the drive shaft 2 in real time to determine whether the lock nut 7 is loose during the test process;

[0078] 9) Transmit the data collected by the force sensor 4 to the computer in the control room. Set a reasonable range for the axial force. If the limit is exceeded, the test bench will alarm and stop;

[0079] 10) Install a micron displacement sensor 5 in the bench device to measure the distance between the drive shaft 2 and the hub bearing 3 in real time. Use a specially designed tooling to convert the distance into an angular displacement.

[0080] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can make equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention. These simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0081] In addition, it should be noted that, in the above specific embodiments, the various specific technical features described can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combination methods.

[0082] Furthermore, any arbitrary combination can be made between various different embodiments of the present invention, as long as it does not violate the idea of the present invention, and it should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for bench verification of a drive shaft anti-wear gasket using a bench test device for a drive shaft anti-wear gasket. The bench test device for the drive shaft anti-wear gasket includes a torsion testing machine (1), a drive shaft (2), a hub bearing (3), a force sensor (4), a displacement sensor (5), a locking nut (7), and a fixed frame (8). Among them, the torsion testing machine (1) and the fixed frame (8) are arranged in sequence from left to right. The hub bearing (3) is installed on the fixed frame (8). The mobile end on the left side of the drive shaft (2) is connected to the torque input end of the torsion testing machine (1). The fixed end on the right side of the drive shaft (2) is inserted into the hub bearing (3) through a spline, and the threaded end at its right end passes through the hub bearing (3) and is fastened to the hub bearing (3) by the locking nut (7). A force sensor (4) is provided between the right end of the hub bearing (3) and the locking nut (7), and a displacement sensor (5) is provided above the fixed end of the drive shaft (2). It is characterized in that, The bench verification method includes the following contents: Step 1: Sleeve the antifriction gasket (6) outside the contact position between the drive shaft (2) and the hub bearing (3); and adjust the gimbal swing angle of the drive shaft (2) according to the design requirements. Step 2: Divide the load of the i-th gear within the maximum driving force range of the vehicle as the drive shaft load, and calculate the drive shaft load T of each gear according to the following formula i : T i = M × a i / 2 Where: M is the full load mass of the vehicle, a i is the average acceleration of all vehicles in the database within the load range of the i-th gear; Step 2: Calculate the cycle number N of each load level according to the following formula i :[[]]END]] N i =Σ(n1 + n2 + … + n i ) / I, where n i is the number of cycles of all the data in the database within the load range of the i-th gear, and I is the total number of vehicles in the database; Step 3: Use a torsion testing machine (1) to drive the drive shaft (2) to rotate for testing according to the load T of the drive shaft at each gear i and the corresponding number of cycles N i respectively; and record the monitoring data of the force sensor (4) and the displacement sensor (5) at each cycle under each gear load; Step 4: Calculate the relative rotation angle between the gimbal of the drive shaft (2) and the hub bearing (3) based on the data measured by the displacement sensor (5) according to the following formula: =360°L / 2πR where L is the displacement measured by the displacement sensor (5), and R is the distance between the light receiving center of the displacement sensor (5) and the fixed joint axis of the drive shaft (2). Step 5: The force sensor (4) collects the axial force of the drive shaft (2) in real time to judge whether the lock nut (7) is loose during the test. At the same time, the axial force data and rotation angle data measured by the force sensor (4) can be used for subsequent iterative analysis of bench verification.

2. A method for bench verification of a drive shaft anti-wear gasket using the bench test device for drive shaft anti-wear gaskets according to claim 1, characterized in that The displacement sensor (5) is a micrometer displacement sensor.

3. A method for bench verification of a drive shaft anti-wear gasket using the bench test device for drive shaft anti-wear gaskets according to claim 1, characterized in that A laser reflection surface tooling (31) is provided above one side of the hub bearing (3) facing the displacement sensor (5). A protrusion is formed on the upper side wall of the hub bearing (3) extending along one side of the displacement sensor (5), and laser reflection inclined surfaces (31) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the protrusion respectively.

4. A method for bench verification of a drive shaft anti-wear gasket using the bench test device for drive shaft anti-wear gaskets according to claim 3, characterized in that The laser reflection inclined surface (31) is a smooth inclined surface, and the angle between it and the horizontal plane is 45°.

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