A cyanobacteria bloom ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of blue-green algae bloom ground multispectral remote sensing monitoring system and method, to solve the technical problems such as low resolution and weather influence of satellite remote sensing to inland lake blue-green algae bloom monitoring frequency low, this system Ground multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem includes electric control box, ground support, setting on two-dimensional turntable of ground support and blue-green algae bloom multispectral camera fixedly set on two-dimensional turntable;Blue-green algae bloom multispectral camera contains at least 4 spectral bands;Ground multispectral remote sensing service subsystem includes control acquisition module and data processing analysis module.The method includes calibration to blue-green algae bloom multispectral camera, start ground multispectral remote sensing monitoring system;Record the multispectral image of multiple angles of entire lake area;Multispectral image data analysis extraction;With the change trend of satellite remote sensing data comparison;Repeat the operation of recording multispectral image, according to the result of comparative analysis gives blue-green algae bloom warning.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to biomass multispectral remote sensing monitoring technology, in particular to a kind of cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] One of the main problems of inland lake water is the eutrophication of water body, an important feature of which is the large-scale reproduction of algal material, especially cyanobacteria, which is prone to accumulation, decay and sedimentation in the lake area, and further forms water bloom. Cyanobacterial bloom in estuary and nearshore sedimentation not only destroys the water landscape and ecological system balance, but also causes a large number of water organisms to die due to the release of toxins by cyanobacteria during growth and the consumption of dissolved oxygen, resulting in deterioration of water quality in the lake area and serious threat to the ecological safety around the lake area.

[0003] At present, satellite remote sensing is generally used for monitoring cyanobacterial bloom in inland lake area, but the monitoring frequency of satellite remote sensing is low, the resolution is low and it is easily affected by weather. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the technical problem of low monitoring frequency, low resolution and weather influence of satellite remote sensing for monitoring cyanobacterial bloom in inland lake area, and proposes a kind of cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system and method, which can monitor the change trend of cyanobacterial bloom in inland lake area in real time and grasp the change distribution and trend of cyanobacterial bloom in time.

[0005] The technical solution provided by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A kind of cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system, which is characterized by comprising a ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem arranged on a high ground around an inland lake area and a ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem arranged at a network connection position with the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem;

[0007] The ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem comprises an electric control box, a ground support, a two-dimensional turntable arranged on the ground support and a cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera arranged on the two-dimensional turntable;

[0008] The cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera is a multispectral camera assembled and arranged by the inventor, which is specifically used for monitoring cyanobacterial bloom;

[0009] The electric control box is used for controlling the working state of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera and the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable, and is used for mutual communication with the ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem;

[0010] The cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera comprises at least 4 spectral bands, and the center wavelength covers green channel, red channel and near-infrared channel;

[0011] The selection of the spectral band needs to consider the concentration of chlorophyll a, the concentration of phycocyanin and the NDVI index, and the selection of the spectral band is used to strengthen the signal and the target response to obtain accurate inversion.

[0012] The ground multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem includes a control acquisition module and a data processing and analysis module.

[0013] The control acquisition module is used to edit the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera working mode and working plan, and is used to control the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera to work regularly according to the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera working mode and working plan.

[0014] The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess and optimize the data collected by the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera according to the water body radiation transmission principle and the actual measurement method, use the change of multi-spectral data and polarization to eliminate the water surface effect, water depth and water bottom influence, separate and quantitatively extract the cyanobacterial and bloom component signals, and analyze the distribution change of cyanobacteria and bloom.

[0015] Further, the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera includes a case, a light splitting unit, a multi-camera array and a data storage and transmission unit.

[0016] The light splitting unit, the multi-camera array and the data storage and transmission unit are arranged in the case, and the case is provided with a light transmission window.

[0017] The light splitting unit includes a polaroid and a plurality of light splitting components, which are used to transmit the light passing through the light transmission window to the multi-camera array after the light passing through the light transmission window passes through the light splitting unit.

[0018] The multi-camera array includes a plurality of cameras, each camera including a filter, a lens assembly and a sensor, which are used to capture the light transmitted to the multi-camera array after the light transmitted to the multi-camera array is filtered by the filter, and convert the light signal captured by the lens assembly into an electrical signal through the sensor.

[0019] The data storage and transmission unit is used to store and transmit the signal to the data processing and analysis module.

[0020] Further, the central wavelengths of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera are 565nm, 676nm, 700nm and 742nm.

[0021] Further, the spectral resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera is better than 20nm, and the spatial resolution is in the range of 1-10 meters.

[0022] Further, the spatial resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera is in the range of 5-10 meters.

[0023] The spatial resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera of the ground multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem should consider the relationship between the spatial resolution and the width.

[0024] Further, the electric control box comprises a protective box body, and an industrial computer, a switch and a timing relay arranged in the protective box body; the industrial computer is used for controlling the working state of the timing relay and controlling the horizontal rotation and the pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable; the industrial computer is also used for realizing mutual communication between the electric control box and the ground multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem through the switch.

[0025] Further, the high ground is a mountain top higher than 500 m above the lake surface.

[0026] The application further provides a cyanobacterial bloom ground multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, performing radiation calibration and geometric calibration on the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera to obtain calibration coefficients;

[0028] S2, starting the cyanobacterial bloom ground multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system, setting the timing relay to determine the monitoring time, and setting the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera to determine the monitoring coverage band;

[0029] S3, using the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera to record the multi-spectral image formed by the water body of the inland lake area after responding to the sunlight in the measurement field of the high ground around the lake area; the industrial computer controls the two-dimensional turntable to rotate to point to other lake area positions, records the multi-spectral image formed by the water body of the lake area after responding to the sunlight in the new measurement field, and records the multi-spectral images of the lake area at multiple angles until the multi-spectral images of the entire lake area at multiple angles are recorded;

[0030] S4, transmitting the multi-spectral images of the entire lake area at multiple angles obtained in step S3 to the data processing and analysis module of the ground multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem, analyzing and extracting the cyanobacterial bloom information, and storing the cyanobacterial bloom information as historical data;

[0031] S5, comparing and analyzing the cyanobacterial bloom information obtained in step S4 with the change trend of the satellite remote sensing data of the inland lake area obtained by using a satellite;

[0032] S6, repeating steps S3 to S5 to obtain cyanobacterial bloom information data of the inland lake area at different times, and comparing and analyzing the current cyanobacterial bloom information data with the historical data, and giving a cyanobacterial bloom warning according to the comparison and analysis result.

[0033] Further, the specific process of the data processing and analysis module in step S4 for processing, analyzing and extracting the cyanobacterial bloom information is as follows:

[0034] S4.1, the calibration coefficient obtained according to step S1 is used for carrying out radiation correction and multi-band registration on the multi-angle multispectral image, and atmospheric correction processing is carried out;

[0035] S4.2, the calibration parameter obtained according to geometric calibration is used for carrying out splicing on the multi-angle multispectral image, and orthographic correction is carried out on the spliced image;

[0036] S4.3, cyanobacterial bloom information is extracted according to an algorithm formula, and the extraction formula is as follows:

[0037] Wherein, I represents a radiation signal, R represents a spectral response characteristic, C represents the quantity of a component, lambda represents a spectrum, t represents time, H represents water depth, and H0 represents a water depth reference.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0039] 1, the cyanobacterial bloom monitoring method provided by the present application strengthens signal and target response by setting a spectral band of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera, so as to obtain accurate inversion and improve the resolution of cyanobacterial bloom monitoring; meanwhile, the system is set to monitor the cyanobacterial bloom in the observed inland lake area at several fixed time periods every day, and the change trend of remote sensing satellite data is analyzed. The method integrates and analyzes the ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring data and the space-based satellite remote sensing monitoring data, avoids the influence of weather on the space-based remote sensing satellite monitoring data, and improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the cyanobacterial bloom monitoring data in the inland lake area.

[0040] 2, the stability and angle resolution of the two-dimensional turntable of the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem also fully meet the angle resolution requirements of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera, and the two-dimensional turntable can be used for horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment to realize full-coverage monitoring of the observed inland lake area.

[0041] 3, the multispectral camera of the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem adopts a dichroic light splitting combination + multi-camera array scheme, realizes multi-band common-aperture frame multispectral imaging, and can obtain multispectral data of the monitored water area without time difference and parallax.

[0042] 4, the cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system can set the working time of the system through the numerical control timing relay in the electric control box, so that the system starts the cyanobacterial bloom monitoring work on the observed inland lake area at the set time every day and processes data, and after issuing a warning according to the processing result, the system enters a dormant state, which is more energy-saving for the working environment on the mountain that can only use wind power generation, and is conducive to the normal operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1It is a schematic view of a cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system of the present application.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a light path schematic view of a cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera in the present application.

[0045] The reference signs are as follows:

[0046] 1-ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem, 2-ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem, 3-observed inland lake area, 11-cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera, 111-polaroid, 112-lens assembly, 113-filter, 114-spectroscopic assembly, 12-two-dimensional turntable, 13-electric control box, 14-ground support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is specifically described in conjunction with the drawings.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 The embodiment discloses a cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system for an inland lake area, which comprises a ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1 and a ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 arranged on a high ground around the observed inland lake area 3;

[0049] The ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1 comprises an electric control box 13, a ground support 14, a two-dimensional turntable 12 arranged on the ground support 14, and a cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 fixedly arranged on the two-dimensional turntable 12;

[0050] The electric control box 13 comprises a protective box body, and an industrial computer, a switch and a timing relay arranged in the protective box body; the industrial computer is used for controlling the working state of the timing relay and controlling the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable 12; the industrial computer is also used for realizing mutual communication between the electric control box 13 and the ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 through the switch.

[0051] The cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 comprises at least four spectral bands, and the center wavelengths cover the green channel, the red channel and the near-infrared channel;

[0052] The ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 comprises a control acquisition module and a data processing and analysis module;

[0053] The control acquisition module is used for editing the working mode and working plan of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11, and is used for controlling the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 to work regularly according to the working mode and working plan of the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11;

[0054] The data processing and analysis module is used for data preprocessing and optimization of the data collected by the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 according to the water body radiation transmission principle and the actual measurement mode, uses the change of multi-spectral data and polarization to eliminate the water surface effect, water depth and water bottom influence, separates and quantitatively extracts the cyanobacterial and bloom component signals, and analyzes the distribution change of cyanobacteria and blooms.

[0055] Based on the cyanobacterial bloom ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system, the specific monitoring method in the embodiment is as follows:

[0056] First, install the ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1.

[0057] Install the ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1 in the highland zone with good view around the inland lake area, preferably on the top of a mountain above the lake surface by 500 m or more.

[0058] The ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1 comprises the following components:

[0059] (1) Cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11: refer to Figure 2 The cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 comprises a case, a light splitting unit, a multi-camera array, a sensor and a data storage and transmission unit; the light splitting unit, the multi-camera array and the data storage and transmission unit are arranged in the case, and the case is provided with a light transmission window; the light splitting unit comprises a polaroid 111 and a plurality of light splitting components 114, which are used to transmit the light passing through the light transmission window to the multi-camera array after the light splitting unit; the multi-camera array comprises four cameras, each camera comprising a filter 113 and a lens assembly 112, which are used to filter the light transmitted to the multi-camera array through the filter 113 and capture the light by the lens assembly 112 of each camera; the sensor is four, which is connected to each camera one by one, and is used to convert the light signal captured by the lens assembly 112 into an electrical signal; the data storage and transmission unit is used to store and transmit the signal to the data processing and analysis module.

[0060] The core principle of monitoring cyanobacterial bloom in inland lake area by using cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 is to monitor the change of cyanobacterial bloom in inland lake area by continuously measuring the multi-spectral characteristic change of water body solar scattering through multi-spectral camera. The information inversion mode of multi-spectral measurement on water surface is expressed as:

[0061] Where I represents the radiation signal, R represents the spectral response characteristic, C represents the quantity of component, λ represents the spectrum, t represents the time, H represents the water depth, and H0 represents the water depth reference.

[0062] As can be seen from the above formula, the signal obtained by the monitoring device is the reflection of water quality signals such as cyanobacterial bloom, but is affected by environmental light and water quality mixtures. Therefore, the spectral band selection and spatial resolution setting of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera 11 are used to strengthen the signal and target response to obtain accurate inversion.

[0063] The selection of the spectral band takes into account the inversion of information such as chlorophyll a concentration, phycocyanin concentration and NDVI index, and the spectral band setting is at least 4. The selection of the spectral band needs to consider the concentration of chlorophyll a, the concentration of phycocyanin and the NDVI index, and the selection of the spectral band is used to strengthen the signal and target response to obtain accurate inversion; the center wavelength covers the green channel, the red channel and the near-infrared channel, and the spectral resolution is better than 20nm, preferably 565nm, 676nm, 700nm and 742nm.

[0064] The setting of the spatial resolution takes into account the matching relationship between the spatial resolution and the width of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera 11. The spatial resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera 11 of the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1 is set to 1-10m, preferably 5-10m, and most preferably 5m.

[0065] (2) Two-dimensional turntable 12: The stability and angular resolution of the two-dimensional turntable 12 meet the angular resolution requirements of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera 11, have horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment functions, and can realize full coverage of the observed inland lake area; the two-dimensional turntable 12 is fixedly connected with the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera, that is, the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera can be adjusted in the horizontal and pitch directions through the horizontal and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable 12.

[0066] (3) Electric control box 13: The electric control box 13 includes a protective box body and an industrial computer, a switch and a timing relay arranged in the protective box body; the protective box body can be waterproof, dustproof and sunproof; the switch provides a network interface; the timing relay controls the working state of the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1; the industrial computer controls the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable 12; the electric control box 13 is connected with the two-dimensional turntable 12 and the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera 11 through wires and network lines.

[0067] (4) Ground-based support 14: The ground-based support 14 is stably arranged on the ground of the highland around the inland lake area and is connected with the two-dimensional turntable 12.

[0068] Secondly, the ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem is installed.

[0069] The ground multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 includes a control acquisition module and a data processing and analysis module, and the control acquisition module and the data processing and analysis module are both run on computer hardware, and the ground multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 is arranged in a computer room having a network connection with the ground multi-spectral remote sensing observation subsystem 1, so as to have the computer room best having a dedicated wired network.

[0070] The control acquisition module is mainly used for editing a camera working mode and a working plan, and controlling the camera to work in time according to the camera working mode and the working plan; the data processing and analysis module performs data preprocessing and optimization on the data collected by the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 according to a water body radiation transmission principle and an actual measurement mode; the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 is used to record multi-spectral images of a water body in a measurement field of view of an inland lake area after the water body responds to sunlight; an industrial computer controls a two-dimensional turntable 12 to rotate and point to other lake area positions, and record multi-spectral images of the water body in a new measurement field of view after the water body responds to sunlight, until multi-spectral images of the entire lake area at multiple angles are recorded; the multi-spectral data variation and polarization are used to soft eliminate influences of water surface effect, water depth, water bottom and the like; cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial bloom component signals are separated and quantitatively extracted; and cyanobacterial bloom distribution changes are analyzed.

[0071] Finally, the cyanobacterial bloom in the monitored lake area is monitored.

[0072] The cyanobacterial bloom in the monitored lake area is monitored, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0073] S1, radiation calibration and geometric calibration are performed on the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera to obtain calibration coefficients;

[0074] After the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 is assembled, radiation calibration experiments need to be performed to obtain relative and absolute radiation calibration coefficients of the four sensors, so as to perform radiation correction processing on the images obtained during actual measurement; at the same time, geometric calibration is performed to obtain comprehensive orientation elements of the four sensors, sensor parameters (probe element size, focal length, field of view angle and the like), imaging geometric parameters (imaging distance, pitch angle and the like), and different wave band data obtained by different sensors are registered. The cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 after calibration is installed in a cyanobacterial bloom ground multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system, and during use, the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 needs to be periodically subjected to radiation calibration and geometric calibration to obtain new calibration coefficients.

[0075] S2, the cyanobacterial bloom ground multi-spectral remote sensing monitoring system is started, a timing relay is set to determine a monitoring time, and the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 is set to determine a monitoring coverage wave band; in this embodiment, the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 selects central wavelengths of 565 nm, 676 nm, 700 nm and 742 nm.

[0076] S3, the cyanobacterial bloom multi-spectral camera 11 is used to record multi-spectral images of a water body in a measurement field of view of an inland lake area after the water body responds to sunlight; an industrial computer controls a two-dimensional turntable 12 to rotate and point to other lake area positions, and record multi-spectral images of the water body in a new measurement field of view after the water body responds to sunlight, until multi-spectral images of the entire lake area at multiple angles are recorded;

[0077] S4, transmit the multi-angle multi-spectral images of step S3 to the data processing and analysis module of the ground-based multi-spectral remote sensing service subsystem 2 for data processing, analysis and extraction of cyanobacterial bloom information; store the cyanobacterial bloom information as historical data.

[0078] The specific process of extracting cyanobacterial bloom information is as follows:

[0079] S4.1, according to the calibration coefficient obtained in step S1, perform radiation correction and multi-band registration on the multi-angle multi-spectral images, and perform atmospheric correction processing;

[0080] S4.2, according to the calibration parameters obtained by geometric calibration, stitch the multi-angle multi-spectral images, and perform orthorectification on the stitched images;

[0081] S4.3, extract cyanobacterial bloom information according to the algorithm formula, and the extraction formula is:

[0082]

[0083] Wherein, I represents the radiation signal, R represents the spectral response characteristic, C represents the amount of components, λ represents the spectrum, t represents the time, and H represents the water depth.

[0084] S5, compare and analyze the cyanobacterial bloom information obtained in step S4 with the change trend of satellite remote sensing data of inland lake area obtained by using satellite monitoring;

[0085] S6, repeat steps S3 to S5 to obtain cyanobacterial bloom information data of the inland lake area at different times, and compare and analyze the current cyanobacterial bloom information data with the historical data, according to the result of comparison and analysis, according to the grading standard of cyanobacterial bloom, give the cyanobacterial bloom warning.

Claims

1. A ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms, characterized in that: It includes a ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem (1) set up on the highlands surrounding the inland lake area and a ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem (2) set up at a location connected to the ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem (1) via a network; The ground-based multispectral remote sensing observation subsystem (1) includes an electrical control box (13), a ground support (14), a two-dimensional turntable (12) set on the ground support (14), and a cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) fixedly set on the two-dimensional turntable (12); The electrical control box (13) is used to control the working status of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) and the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable (12), and is used to communicate with the ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem (2). The cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) contains at least four spectral bands, and the center wavelength covers the green channel, red channel and near-infrared channel; The ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem (2) includes a control acquisition module and a data processing and analysis module; The control acquisition module is used to edit the working mode and working plan of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11), and to control the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) to work at regular intervals according to the working mode and working plan of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11); The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess and optimize the data collected by the multispectral camera (11) of the cyanobacterial bloom according to the principle of water body radiation transfer and the actual measurement method. It uses the changes and polarization of multispectral data to eliminate the effects of water surface, water depth and bottom, separate and quantitatively extract the signals of cyanobacteria and bloom components, and analyze the distribution changes of cyanobacteria and bloom. Specifically, the data processing and analysis module analyzes and extracts cyanobacterial bloom information and stores the cyanobacterial bloom information as historical data. It compares and analyzes the changing trends of the obtained cyanobacterial bloom information with the satellite remote sensing data of the inland lake area obtained by satellite monitoring.

2. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) includes a chassis, a beam splitting unit, a multi-camera array, and a data storage and transmission unit; The beam splitting unit, the multi-camera array, and the data storage and transmission unit are housed inside a chassis, which has a light-transmitting window. The beam splitting unit includes a polarizer (111) and multiple beam splitting components (114) for transmitting light passing through the light-transmitting window to the multi-camera array after passing through the beam splitting unit. The multi-camera array includes multiple cameras, each camera including a filter (113), a lens assembly (112) and a sensor, for filtering the light transmitted to the multi-camera array by the filter (113) and capturing it by the lens assembly (112) of each camera, and converting the light signal captured by the lens assembly (112) into an electrical signal by the sensor. The data storage and transmission unit is used to store the electrical signal and transmit it to the data processing and analysis module.

3. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center wavelengths of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) are 565nm, 676nm, 700nm and 742nm.

4. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The spectral resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) is less than 20 nm, and the spatial resolution is in the range of 1 to 10 meters.

5. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spatial resolution of the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) is in the range of 5 to 10 meters.

6. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrical control box (13) includes a protective enclosure, and an industrial control computer, a switch, and a timer relay installed inside the protective enclosure. The industrial control computer is used to control the working status of the timer relay and to control the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the two-dimensional turntable (12). The industrial control computer is also used to enable communication between the electrical control box (13) and the ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem (2) through the switch.

7. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high ground refers to the mountaintop that is more than 500 meters above the lake surface.

8. A ground-based multispectral remote sensing method for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Perform radiometric and geometric calibration on the cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) to obtain calibration coefficients; S2. Start the ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring system for cyanobacterial blooms, set the timer relay to determine the monitoring time, and set the multispectral camera (11) for cyanobacterial blooms to determine the monitoring coverage band. S3. Use a cyanobacterial bloom multispectral camera (11) to record the multispectral images formed by the water body of the lake in response to sunlight in the measurement field of view of the high ground around the inland lake area; the industrial control computer controls the two-dimensional turntable (12) to rotate and point to other lake areas, and record the multispectral images formed by the water body of the lake in response to sunlight in the new measurement field of view until the multispectral images of the entire lake area from multiple angles are recorded. S4. Transmit the multispectral images of the entire lake area from multiple angles obtained in step S3 to the data processing and analysis module of the ground-based multispectral remote sensing service subsystem (2) for data processing, analysis and extraction of cyanobacterial bloom information, and store the cyanobacterial bloom information as historical data. S5. Compare and analyze the information on cyanobacterial blooms obtained in step S4 with the satellite remote sensing data of inland lake areas obtained by satellite monitoring, and issue early warnings for cyanobacterial blooms based on the changing trends of the data. S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to obtain cyanobacterial bloom information data of inland lake areas at different times, and compare and analyze the current cyanobacterial bloom information data with historical data. Based on the results of the comparison and analysis, issue corresponding cyanobacterial bloom warnings according to the cyanobacterial bloom classification standards.

9. The ground-based multispectral remote sensing monitoring method for cyanobacterial blooms according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific process by which the data processing and analysis module in step S4 processes, analyzes, and extracts information on cyanobacterial blooms is as follows: S4.

1. Perform radiometric correction and multi-band registration on multispectral images from multiple angles based on the calibration coefficients obtained in step S1, and perform atmospheric correction processing. S4.

2. Based on the calibration parameters obtained from geometric calibration, multispectral images from multiple angles are stitched together, and orthorectification is performed on the stitched images. S4.3 Extract cyanobacterial bloom information according to the algorithm formula. The extraction formula is as follows: I 探测 (λ,t)=[I 光源 (λ)+I 环境光 (λ,t)][R 水体 (λ,t)+R 水面 (λ,t)+R 水底 (λ,t)] Where I represents the radiation signal, R represents the spectral response characteristics, C represents the amount of the component, λ represents the spectrum, t represents time, H represents the water depth, and H0 represents the water depth reference.

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