A waterproof rubber capsule for a tunnel portal adapted to construction error of a sudden structure

Abstract

The application provides a hole waterproof rubber capsule adapting to construction error of structure mutation, which comprises a rubber capsule accommodated in a steel tank when not pressurized and tightly engaged with the outer contour of a jacking pipe after swelling, the rubber capsule is communicated with a pressurizing pipe, the steel tank is arranged on the end wall of a working well, a pre-buried ring frame is arranged in the end wall, the steel tank and the rubber capsule are arranged around the outer contour of the jacking pipe, the wall thickness of the rubber capsule is uniform at the smooth structure of the jacking pipe, at the sharp corner of the jacking pipe structure or the sharp corner of the pre-buried ring frame, the capsule wall of the rubber capsule is processed into a flying wing structure which can be connected with the sharp corner after swelling according to the shape of the sharp corner. The flying wing type capsule wall of the rubber capsule has corresponding ductility and wear resistance, the size of the flying wing meets the construction error requirement, the wing corner can be pushed to the structure mutation position under the condition of error working condition with the pressurization of the rubber capsule and the ductility of the capsule wall, the waterproof gap is filled, so that the wing corner and the wing surface can match the structure contour within a certain error range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering and can be applied to waterproofing the starting portal of shield tunnels and pipe jacking structures with abrupt changes in the external wall structure. Specifically, it relates to a waterproof rubber bladder for the portal that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt changes in the structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization in my country, the number of large-span shallow-buried tunnels is increasing, especially those passing under railways, roads, subway stations, and other structures. This places increasingly higher demands on settlement control during tunnel construction. Therefore, a ring-shaped pre-excavation and advanced support cyclical tunneling method was proposed. This method employs multiple pipe jacking machines arranged circumferentially along the tunnel to excavate the tunnel's pre-support structure. The excavation contours of adjacent pipe jacking machine cutterheads overlap and interlock, jacking in an interlocking pipe body composed of interlocking steel pipes. Annular rubber bladders are commonly used for water sealing at the starting and receiving points of single-pipe jacking or shield tunneling.

[0003] In the launching, arrival, and receiving construction of tunnels such as shield tunneling and pipe jacking, the use of airbags and waterbags for water sealing is a commonly used technical method, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown. Its working principle is to pressurize the rubber bladder by filling it with air or water, causing it to expand outward and create contact compressive stress between the bladder and the tunnel or jacking pipe. When the contact stress between the rubber bladder and the structure is greater than the external water pressure, the external water cannot enter along the outer wall of the structure.

[0004] When this technology is applied to structures with smooth and continuous surfaces, the waterproofing effect is good and can meet the design and construction requirements. However, when there are abrupt changes such as sharp corners or protrusions on the outside of the structure, the following problems exist:

[0005] 1. After the rubber bladder bulges, it bulges at the sharp angle abrupt change, but forms a rounded angle that cannot completely fit the sharp angle abrupt change, becoming the starting point and point of leakage at the construction site. (See attached image.) Figure 2 As shown, after pressurization, there is still a gap 25 between the ordinary rubber bladder and the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and the interlocking jacking pipe wall 21, which is prone to water and mud inflow, making it difficult for the interlocking jacking pipe to start and receive water stop.

[0006] 2. The rubber bladder is specially customized, but errors in the installation of the rubber bladder and errors in the construction of the shield or pipe jacking can lead to more serious leakage problems in actual applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances that can adapt to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. This invention solves at least some of the problems in the prior art.

[0008] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0009] This invention provides a waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. The bladder, when not pressurized, is housed within a steel trough and expands under pressure to press against and interlock with the outer contour of the jacking pipe. The rubber bladder is connected to a pressurization pipe. The steel trough is located on the end wall of the working shaft, and a pre-embedded ring frame is provided within the end wall. The steel trough, rubber bladder, and pre-embedded ring frame all surround and interlock with the outer contour of the jacking pipe. At the smooth sections of the jacking pipe structure, the rubber bladder wall has a uniform thickness. At the sharp corners of the jacking pipe structure or the pre-embedded ring frame, the bladder wall is processed according to the shape of the sharp corner to form a wing-shaped structure that can fit and connect with the sharp corner after expansion.

[0010] Furthermore, a reserved hole is opened at a certain interval along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the steel channel, and the reserved hole is for the pressurization pipe to pass through.

[0011] Furthermore, the steel groove has an opening on the side facing the outer contour of the interlocking jacking pipe, and a spring steel plate is installed at the opening. When the rubber bladder is pressurized and bulges, the spring steel plate can fit tightly with the rubber bladder and deform together. After deformation, it covers the outside of the rubber bladder and plays a role in protecting the rubber bladder.

[0012] Furthermore, the end wall includes the working well side wall and the portal. The pre-embedded ring frame is embedded in the working well side wall, and the portal is located in the interlocking annular area enclosed by the pre-embedded ring frame. A circular plate is provided on the inner side wall of the working well, and one end of the pre-embedded ring frame is connected and fixed to the circular plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the steel channel and the pre-embedded ring frame are pre-embedded together in the side wall of the working well and anchored by anchor bars.

[0014] Furthermore, the steel trough is located inside the working well and installed on the annular plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the flying wing structure includes a rounded wing tail fin that adapts to the sharp corner of the pre-embedded ring frame and a pointed wing tail fin that adapts to the sharp corner of the interlocking jacking pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the rounded wing tail fin is located on the wall of the rubber bladder on the side facing the pre-embedded ring frame. It consists of a rounded wing in the middle and first wing surfaces on both sides. The surface shape of the rounded wing and the first wing surfaces facing the pre-embedded ring frame fits the shape of the pointed corner of the pre-embedded ring frame, and the shape of the rounded wing facing the inside of the rubber bladder is smooth.

[0017] Furthermore, the pointed wing tail fin is located on the bladder wall of the rubber bladder on the side facing the outer contour of the biting top tube, and is composed of a pointed wing fin in the middle and second wing surfaces on both sides. The surface shape of the pointed wing fin and the second wing surfaces facing the biting top tube is in close contact with the pointed wing shape at the biting top tube overlap, and the side of the pointed wing fin facing the inside of the rubber bladder is rounded.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances proposed in this invention adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. By setting a bladder wall with tail wings that fits the structural contour at locations such as sharp corners and abrupt changes, the shape of the rubber bladder and the contact surface of the tunnel and jacking pipe correspond to the shape of the structure. This allows the rubber bladder to fit into the abrupt structure through the tail-winged bladder wall when pressurized, solving the problem of water leakage starting from and reaching sharp corners and other locations formed when adjacent jacking pipes overlap. After the rubber bladder is pressurized, the resulting internal pressure tightens the material, preventing leakage in the arc-shaped areas of protruding or inner sharp corners.

[0020] 2. The rubber bladder tail wing type bladder wall proposed in this invention has corresponding ductility and wear resistance. The tail wing size meets the construction error requirements. Under error conditions, as the rubber bladder is pressurized and the bladder wall is extended, the wing angle is pushed to the position of structural change, filling the waterproof gap, so as to ensure that the wing angle and wing surface can fit the structural shape within a certain error range.

[0021] 3. The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrance proposed in this invention, which adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, allows the tail wing-shaped bladder wall to retract into the gap between the cutterhead and the pre-embedded ring frame when the rubber bladder is not pressurized, without affecting the advancement of the cutterhead and subsequent structures. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram shows the working principle of the rubber bladder used in the tunnel boring machine or pipe jacking (a longitudinal section of the tunnel, with the upper diagram showing the bladder when it is not pressurized and the lower diagram showing the bladder when it is pressurized and in contact with the outer wall of the tunnel segment or pipe jacking structure).

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the waterproofing problem of existing rubber bladders at abrupt changes such as sharp corners;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rubber bladder provided in an embodiment of the present invention (wherein, front view a of the initiating and receiving ends is a schematic diagram of the working condition when the rubber bladder is pressurized, and the cross-section is shown). Figure 1 b is a schematic diagram of the working condition where the rubber bladder is pre-embedded in the side wall of the working well; cross-section. Figure 2 c is a schematic diagram of the working condition where the rubber bladder is installed on the inner surface of the side wall of the working well;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a detailed drawing of the rounded-angle tail fin provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a detailed drawing of the pointed wing and tail fin provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the contraction state of the rubber bladder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of rubber bladder installation error provided for an embodiment of the present invention (arrows indicate the direction of wing angle extension).

[0031] In the diagram: 1-1 working shaft sidewall, 1-2 tunnel portal, 2-1 circular ring plate, 2-2 embedded ring frame, 3 steel channel, 4 rubber bladder, 5 anchor bar, 6 spring steel plate, 7 pressurizing pipe, 8 outer contour of interlocking jacking pipe, 9 rounded wing angle tail wing, 9-1 rounded wing angle, 9-2 first wing surface, 10 pointed wing angle tail wing, 10-1 pointed wing angle, 10-2 second wing surface, 11 jacking machine cutterhead, 12 rubber bladder without pressurization, 13 spring steel plate of rubber bladder without pressurization, 14 rubber bladder with pressurization, 15 spring steel plate of rubber bladder with pressurization, 16 rubber bladder pressurizing pipe, 17 anchor bar, 18 bolt, 19 grouting pipe, 20 outer contour of shield or jacking pipe structure, 21 wall of interlocking jacking pipe, 22 convex angle of embedded ring frame structure, 23 concave angle of interlocking jacking pipe structure, 24 water-stopping structure at the opening of guide pipe, 25 gap. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figures 4-8 This invention provides a waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. It includes a rubber bladder 4 that is housed in a steel trough 3 when unpressurized and expands under pressure to press against the outer contour 8 of the jacking pipe. The pressurized rubber bladder 4 provides a waterproof and mud-proof seal. The rubber bladder 4 is connected to a pressurization pipe 7. The steel trough 3 is located on the end wall of the working shaft, and a pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 is provided within the end wall. The working shaft can be either a launching shaft or a receiving shaft. The steel trough 3, rubber bladder 4, and pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 are all arranged around the outer contour 8 of the jacking pipe. The circumferential contour of the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 is approximately the same as the outer contour 8 of the jacking pipe. At the smooth sections of the jacking pipe structure, the rubber bladder 4 has a uniform wall thickness. At the sharp corners of the jacking pipe structure or the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2, the wall of the rubber bladder 4 is processed into a wing-shaped structure that expands to fit and connect with the sharp corner.

[0034] The end wall includes the working well side wall 1-1 and the portal 1-2. A pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 is embedded within the working well side wall 1-1. The portal 1-2 is located within the interlocking annular area enclosed by the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2. A circular ring plate 2-1 is provided on the inner wall of the working well. One end of the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 is connected and fixed to the circular ring plate 2-1 by bolts or welding. A steel channel 3 is pre-embedded together with the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 within the working well side wall 1-1 and anchored by anchor bars 5. The steel channel 3 is fixedly connected to the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2. (See...) Figure 4 Mid-section Figure 1 b. The steel trough 3 can also be located inside the working well and installed on the annular plate 2-1, see Figure 4 Mid-section Figure 2 c.

[0035] Taking the sharp corner at the junction of the two circular tubes as an example, the wing-shaped structure includes a rounded wing tail 9 adapted to the sharp corner at the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and a pointed wing tail 10 adapted to the sharp corner at the interlocking top pipe. The pointed wing tail 10 is located at the junction of the two circular tubes. The rounded wing tail 9 is located on the wall of the rubber bladder 4 facing the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2, and is composed of a rounded wing 9-1 in the middle and first wing surfaces 9-2 on both sides. The surface shapes of the rounded wing 9-1 and the first wing surfaces 9-2 facing the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 are in close fit with the shape of the sharp corner of the pre-embedded ring frame. The rounded wing 9-1 facing the inside of the rubber bladder 4 has a smooth shape to adapt to the deformation requirements of the rubber bladder 4. The pointed wing 10 is located on the wall of the rubber bladder 4 on the side facing the outer contour 8 of the bite-type top tube. It consists of the pointed wing 10-1 in the middle and the second wing surfaces 10-2 on both sides. The surface shape of the pointed wing 10-1 and the second wing surface 10-2 facing the bite-type top tube is in line with the pointed wing shape at the overlap of the bite-type top tube. The side of the pointed wing 10-1 facing the inside of the rubber bladder 4 is rounded to adapt to the deformation requirements of the rubber bladder 4.

[0036] As attached Figure 8 As shown, when there is an installation error between the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and the rubber bladder 4, the rounded wing tail fin 9 and the pointed wing tail fin 10 may not fit the sharp corner of the structure when the rubber bladder 4 is contracted. Since the rubber bladder 4, the rounded wing tail fin 9, and the pointed wing tail fin 10 are all extensible, as the rubber bladder 4 is pressurized and the first wing surface 9-2 and the second wing surface 10-2 extend, the rounded wing fin 9-1 and the pointed wing fin 10-1 can be pushed to the sharp corner position along the structural contour. Figure 8 The middle arrow indicates the direction of wing angle extension.

[0037] A pre-reserved hole is opened at a certain interval along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the steel trough 3, and the pre-reserved hole allows the pressurizing pipe 7 to pass through. The steel trough 3 has an opening on the side facing the outer contour 8 of the interlocking jacking pipe, and a spring steel plate 6 is installed at the opening. When the rubber bladder 4 is pressurized and bulges, the spring steel plate 6 can fit tightly with the rubber bladder 4 and deform together. After deformation, it covers the outside of the rubber bladder 4, which plays a role in protecting the rubber bladder 4.

[0038] This invention proposes a waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. It effectively solves the problem of ordinary rubber bladders failing to conform to the contours of the interlocking jacking pipe after pressurization, ensuring effective waterproofing of the tunnel entrance and significantly reducing construction risks. With the widespread use of interlocking jacking pipes, the waterproof rubber bladder structure for tunnel entrances proposed in this invention has broad development prospects.

[0039] This invention proposes a waterproof rubber bladder structure for tunnel entrances that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. Its purpose is to solve the problem that existing waterproof rubber bladders cannot completely adhere to the outer wall of a structure at sharp corners, abrupt changes, or under conditions of installation or construction errors. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0040] A waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel portals, adaptable to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, includes launching and receiving shafts for tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and pipe jacking machines. Each shaft includes a launching or receiving end wall, which comprises a side wall 1-1 and a portal 1-2. The portal diameter R is slightly larger than the cutterhead size r1 of the TBM or TBM, and the cutterhead size r1 is slightly larger than the outer diameter r2 of the interlocking pipe jacking structure. A pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 is pre-embedded between the side wall 1-1 and the portal 1-2 during the construction of the main shaft structure and is connected and fixed to a circular ring plate 2-1 installed on the inner side wall of the shaft.

[0041] The rubber bladder 4 is fixed inside the steel channel 3. The steel channel 3 can be pre-embedded in the working well side wall 1-1 together with the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and anchored by anchor bars 5, or it can be externally installed on the circular ring plate 1-2 and connected and fixed by bolts or welding.

[0042] The steel trough 3 has a closed end fixed to a rubber bladder 4, with the open end facing the top pipe side. A spring steel plate 6 is fixed at the opening. The spring steel plate 6 is relatively thin and has a certain degree of elasticity. In the unpressurized state, it fits tightly against the opening of the steel trough 3. When the rubber bladder 4 is pressurized and bulges, the spring steel plate 6 can fit tightly against the rubber bladder 4 and deform together. After deformation, it covers the outside of the rubber bladder 4, providing a certain degree of protection. When the internal pressure of the rubber bladder 4 decreases, it can return to its original shape. Holes are reserved at certain intervals on the wall of the steel trough 3 for the passage of the pressurizing pipe 7. One end of the pressurizing pipe 7 is connected to the rubber bladder 4, and pressure is applied from the other end.

[0043] The steel groove 3 and the rubber bladder 4 are arranged along the outer periphery of the interlocking jacking pipe section and are closed into a ring in the transverse direction. The distance between the steel groove 3 and the outer contour 8 of the interlocking jacking pipe is a fixed value, which is determined according to construction error, cutter head size, rubber bladder expansion size and other conditions.

[0044] The rubber bladder 4 is made of a flexible material. It can be compressed when the internal pressure is low and can expand and extend when the internal pressure is high, pressing it tightly onto the outer contour 8 of the interlocking jacking pipe. By adjusting the internal pressure, it counteracts the external mud pressure or water pressure, thus achieving a water-stopping effect. At the smooth parts of the interlocking jacking pipe structure, the wall thickness of the rubber bladder 4 is uniform. At the sharp corners of the interlocking jacking pipe structure or the pre-embedded ring frame, the bladder wall of the rubber bladder 4 is processed into a corresponding "wing shape" according to the shape of the sharp corner of the interlocking jacking pipe. Taking the sharp corner at the junction of two round pipes as an example, it includes a rounded wing tail 9 adapted to the sharp corner at the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and a sharp wing tail 10 adapted to the sharp corner at the junction of two round pipes.

[0045] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the rounded wing tail fin 9 is located on the ring frame side surface of the rubber bladder 4; it consists of a rounded wing fin 9-1 in the middle and first wing surfaces 9-2 on both sides; the shape of the ring frame side surface of the rounded wing fin 9-1 and the first wing surface 9-2 fits the shape of the pointed corner of the pre-embedded ring frame; the thickness and rounded corner size of the rounded wing fin 9-1 are determined according to factors such as the gap between the pre-embedded ring frame and the jacking pipe structure and the size of the rubber bladder, and the rounded wing fin airbag side shape is smooth to adapt to the requirements of airbag deformation; the thickness of the first wing surface 9-2 is determined according to the material properties, and the length needs to meet the dimensional requirements of installation error and construction error.

[0046] As attached Figure 6 As shown, the pointed wing 10 is located on the top tube side surface of the rubber bladder 4; it consists of a pointed wing 10-1 in the middle and second wing surfaces 10-2 on both sides; the shape of the top tube side surface of the pointed wing 10-1 and the second wing surface 10-2 fits the shape of the pointed wing at the overlapping joint of the interlocking top tube; the thickness and wing size of the pointed wing 10-1 are determined according to factors such as the gap between the pre-embedded ring frame and the top tube structure and the size of the rubber bladder, and the shape of the pointed wing on the air bladder side is rounded to adapt to the requirements of air bladder deformation; the thickness of the second wing surface 10-2 is determined according to the material properties, and the length needs to meet the dimensional requirements of installation error and construction error.

[0047] As attached Figure 7 As shown, at the sharp corner of the structure, when the rubber bladder 4 is not pressurized, the rubber bladder 4 contracts, and the rounded wing tail 9 and the sharp wing tail 10 contract into the gap between the pre-embedded ring frame 2-2 and the cutterhead 11 of the pipe jacking machine, which does not affect the cutterhead excavation and pipe jacking. When water stoppage is required, air, water or other pressurized media are injected into the rubber bladder 4 through the pressurization pipe 7 to expand the rubber bladder 4 and press it tightly against the outer contour 8 of the interlocking pipe. The pressure of the medium inside the rubber bladder 4 is adjusted to resist the external mud pressure or water pressure.

[0048] The rubber bladder 4 can be used for initiating and receiving water stop, as well as for other temporary water stop during construction. It can be used alone or in combination with other water stop structures such as curtain rubber sheets.

[0049] The specific shape and size of the circular wing angle 9-1 and the pointed wing angle 10-1 can be determined according to the structural shape that needs to be fitted.

[0050] The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances proposed in this invention mainly includes a steel groove for installing the rubber bladder, a regular rubber bladder, a rounded wing tail corresponding to the sharp corner of the pre-embedded ring frame, and a pointed wing tail corresponding to the sharp corner of the interlocking jacking pipe.

[0051] Before the construction of interlocking pipe jacking, rubber bladders need to be customized in advance according to the shape and size of the interlocking pipe and its pre-embedded ring frame, the gap between the ring frame and the cutter head of the pipe jacking machine and the structural outline, external water pressure, mud pressure, water-stopping requirements, etc. Ordinary rubber bladders are used in the smooth parts of the structure, and rubber bladders with tail wings are used in the sharp corners of the structure.

[0052] The rubber bladder is installed in the steel channel, with the inner edge of the steel channel corresponding to the inner edge of the pre-embedded ring frame. The steel channel can be pre-embedded in the side wall of the working well together with the pre-embedded ring frame, or it can be installed later on the inner surface of the side wall of the working well and connected and fixed with the circular ring plate.

[0053] Install steel channels and rubber bladders according to the water-stopping requirements. When installing, they should be closed into a ring horizontally, and the installation position should be as accurate as possible.

[0054] During the interlocking pipe jacking construction process, when it is necessary to stop water at the tunnel entrance, air, water or other pressurized media are filled into the rubber bladder to make the rubber bladder bulge and press it tightly against the interlocking pipe jacking structure. At this time, the tail wing of the rubber bladder is pressed into the sharp corner of the structure, filling the sharp corner gap between the rubber bladder and the structure. The pressure inside the rubber bladder is measured during pressurization in order to control the degree of pressurization.

[0055] When a large swing amplitude of the rubber bladder tail fin is required, or when the sharp corner structure is complex, or when the jacking pipe structure needs to be propelled under pressure in the rubber bladder, the friction of the contact surface can be reduced by applying oil to the surface of the rubber bladder, which facilitates the extension and deformation of the rubber bladder tail fin and wing corner.

[0056] The above description is merely a description of the basic principles of the present invention and does not impose any specific shape, size, arrangement, excavation method, or material limitations on the structure of the present invention. Therefore, all possible modifications and equivalents are within the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

[0057] This invention proposes a waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel portals that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes. By filling the bladder with air, water, or other media, pressure is created between the bladder and the outer wall of the tunnel or jacking structure, achieving temporary waterproofing during construction. The rubber bladders are continuously arranged along the outer edge of the tunnel or jacking structure. The shape of the rubber bladder at the contact points with the protrusions or grooves on the outer edge of the structure is adjusted to ensure that the inner edge of the rubber bladder matches the outer edge of the structure as closely as possible, and the outer edge of the rubber bladder corresponds to the shape of the portal frame. Wings are provided at the contact points with the protrusions or grooves on the outer edge of the structure, and the length of these wings should be sufficient to accommodate the construction errors of the tunnel or jacking structure. The contact surface between the rubber bladder wings and the structure should adapt to structural changes and meet the tensile requirements caused by longitudinal friction. Wings connected to the rubber sheet are provided on both sides of the rubber bladder wings, and the width of these wing surfaces meets the requirements for tunnel construction errors.

[0058] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances that adapts to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, characterized in that: The system includes a rubber bladder that is contained within a steel trough when unpressurized and expands under pressure to press against the outer contour of the interlocking jacking pipe. The rubber bladder is connected to a pressurization pipe. The steel trough is located on the end wall of the working shaft, and a pre-embedded ring frame is installed within the end wall. The steel trough, rubber bladder, and pre-embedded ring frame all surround the outer contour of the interlocking jacking pipe. The inner edge of the steel trough corresponds to the inner edge of the pre-embedded ring frame. At the smooth sections of the interlocking jacking pipe structure, the rubber bladder wall has a uniform thickness. At the sharp corners of the interlocking jacking pipe structure or the pre-embedded ring frame, the bladder wall is shaped into a wing-like structure that expands to fit snugly against the sharp corner. The steel trough and the pre-embedded ring frame are pre-embedded together in the side wall of the working shaft and anchored by anchor bars. The wing-like structure includes a rounded wing tail fin adapting to the sharp corner at the pre-embedded ring frame and a pointed wing tail fin adapting to the sharp corner at the interlocking jacking pipe. The rounded wing tail fin is located on the side wall of the working shaft facing the pre-embedded ring frame. On one side of the ring frame, the bladder wall consists of a central rounded wing and two first wing surfaces. The surface shapes of the rounded wing and the first wing surfaces facing the pre-embedded ring frame conform to the shape of the pointed corner of the pre-embedded ring frame. The rounded wing has a smooth shape on the side facing the inside of the rubber bladder to accommodate the deformation requirements of the rubber bladder. The pointed wing tail is located on the bladder wall on the side of the rubber bladder facing the outer contour of the interlocking jacking pipe. It consists of a central pointed wing and two second wing surfaces. The surface shapes of the pointed wing and the second wing surfaces facing the interlocking jacking pipe conform to the shape of the pointed corner at the joint of the interlocking jacking pipe. The pointed wing has a smooth shape on the side facing the inside of the rubber bladder to accommodate the deformation requirements of the rubber bladder. Since the rubber bladder, the rounded wing tail, and the pointed wing tail are all extensible, they can be pushed to the pointed corner position along the structural contour as the rubber bladder is pressurized and the first and second wing surfaces are extended.

2. The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances adapting to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: A pre-reserved hole is opened at a certain interval along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the steel trough, and the pre-reserved hole is used for the pressure pipe to pass through.

3. The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances adapting to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The steel channel has an opening on the side facing the outer contour of the interlocking jacking pipe. A spring steel plate is installed at the opening. When the rubber bladder is pressurized and bulges, the spring steel plate can fit tightly with the rubber bladder and deform together. After deformation, it covers the outside of the rubber bladder and plays a role in protecting the rubber bladder.

4. The waterproof rubber bladder for tunnel entrances adapting to construction errors caused by abrupt structural changes, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The end wall includes the working well side wall and the portal. The pre-embedded ring frame is embedded in the working well side wall. The portal is located in the interlocking annular area enclosed by the pre-embedded ring frame. A circular plate is provided on the inner side wall of the working well. One end of the pre-embedded ring frame is connected and fixed to the circular plate.

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