Membrane electrode, fuel cell and method of manufacture

Abstract

The application provides a preparation method of a membrane electrode, comprising the following steps: preparing a first slurry, wherein the first slurry comprises an anode catalyst and a first hydrophilic polymer; coating the first slurry on one side of a proton exchange membrane, and drying to obtain an anode catalytic layer; preparing a second slurry, wherein the second slurry comprises a cathode catalyst and a second hydrophilic polymer; coating the second slurry on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, and drying to obtain a cathode catalytic layer; arranging a first gas diffusion layer on the side of the anode catalytic layer away from the proton exchange membrane; and arranging a second gas diffusion layer on the side of the cathode catalytic layer away from the proton exchange membrane. The application can improve the water retention capacity of the membrane electrode while reducing the internal resistance of the membrane electrode as little as possible, thereby improving the performance of the membrane electrode. The application further provides a membrane electrode and a fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a membrane electrode, a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] To make energy production and transportation more efficient and cleaner, fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), are one of the alternatives to fossil fuel-driven internal combustion engines and stationary / portable generators. The membrane electrode (MEA) is the core component of fuel cells, and the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in the membrane electrode exhibits good proton conductivity under fully hydrated conditions. However, due to electroosmosis, water is dragged from the anode to the cathode, resulting in the deprivation of water at the membrane electrode anode and insufficient replenishment, leading to dehydration of the membrane electrode, poor conductivity, large ohmic losses, and high ionic resistance, ultimately resulting in intermittent power loss. Therefore, water retention needs to be considered when designing the membrane electrode.

[0003] To improve the water retention capacity of membrane electrodes, water-retaining materials, such as metal oxides, are currently commonly added to the catalyst layer of the membrane electrode. However, while adding metal oxides to the catalyst layer can improve the membrane electrode's water retention capacity to a certain extent, it also increases the membrane electrode's internal resistance, which is not conducive to improving the performance of the membrane electrode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing a membrane electrode that can improve the water retention capacity of the membrane electrode while minimizing the reduction of the internal resistance of the membrane electrode.

[0005] In addition, it is necessary to provide a membrane electrode.

[0006] In addition, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell.

[0007] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

[0008] preparing a first slurry, wherein the first slurry comprises an anode catalyst and a first hydrophilic polymer, wherein the first hydrophilic polymer contains an -NH- group;

[0009] coating the first slurry on one side of a proton exchange membrane and drying it to obtain an anode catalyst layer;

[0010] preparing a second slurry, wherein the second slurry comprises a cathode catalyst and a second hydrophilic polymer, wherein the second hydrophilic polymer contains an -NH- group;

[0011] coating the second slurry on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, and drying to obtain a cathode catalyst layer;

[0012] disposing a first gas diffusion layer on a side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane; and

[0013] The second gas diffusion layer is arranged on a side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane.

[0014] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes at least one of the following (1) to (4):

[0015] (1) The molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000;

[0016] (2) the molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5;

[0017] (3) the molecular weight of the second hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000;

[0018] (4) The molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first hydrophilic polymer further contains a pyridine group, an imidazole group, or a triazole group, and the second hydrophilic polymer further contains a pyridine group, an imidazole group, or a triazole group.

[0020] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes at least one of the following (5) to (6):

[0021] (5) The preparation method of the first slurry comprises the following steps:

[0022] The anode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the first hydrophilic polymer and the first organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(1.2-3):(0.01-0.5):(40-250);

[0023] (6) The preparation method of the second slurry comprises the following steps:

[0024] The cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(0.6-3):(0.01-0.5):(20-400).

[0025] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes at least one of the following (7) to (8):

[0026] (7) Before mixing the anode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the first hydrophilic polymer, and the first organic solvent, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:

[0027] Wetting the anode catalyst with deionized water;

[0028] Wherein, the anode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtRu / C;

[0029] (8) Before mixing the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer, and the second organic solvent, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:

[0030] Wetting the cathode catalyst with deionized water;

[0031] Wherein, the cathode catalyst includes at least one of Pt / C and PtCo / C.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first organic solvent and / or the second organic solvent includes at least one of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0033] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a membrane electrode, which includes a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer located on one side of the proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer located on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, a first gas diffusion layer located on the side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane, and a second gas diffusion layer located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane, wherein the anode catalyst layer includes an anode catalyst and a first hydrophilic polymer, wherein the first hydrophilic polymer contains an -NH- group, and the cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst and a second hydrophilic polymer, wherein the second hydrophilic polymer contains an -NH- group.

[0034] In some embodiments, the membrane electrode comprises at least one of the following (1) to (4):

[0035] (1) The molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000;

[0036] (2) the molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5;

[0037] (3) the molecular weight of the second hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000;

[0038] (4) The molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0039] In some embodiments, the first hydrophilic polymer further contains a pyridine group, an imidazole group, or a triazole group, and the second hydrophilic polymer further contains a pyridine group, an imidazole group, or a triazole group.

[0040] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell, which includes a membrane electrode prepared by the preparation method or includes the membrane electrode.

[0041] The present invention adds a hydrophilic polymer containing -NH- groups to the catalytic layer. Since the hydrophilic polymer not only has good water retention performance but also has a certain proton conductivity, it can improve the water retention capacity of the membrane electrode without reducing the internal resistance of the membrane electrode, thereby improving the performance of the membrane electrode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A flow chart of the preparation of the membrane electrode provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Polarization performance diagram of membrane electrodes prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2;

[0044] Figure 3 The internal resistance diagrams of the membrane electrodes prepared in Examples 1-2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-2 during polarization performance testing are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0047] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step S11: mixing an anode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, a first hydrophilic polymer and a first organic solvent to obtain a first slurry.

[0049] Specifically, the anode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the first hydrophilic polymer and the first organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(1.2-3):(0.01-0.5):(40-250) to obtain a first slurry.

[0050] More specifically, after the anode catalyst is completely wetted with deionized water, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution diluted with a water-alcohol mixed solvent is slowly added to a container containing the wetted anode catalyst. A weighed first hydrophilic polymer is then added according to a predetermined ratio, and then an appropriate amount of a first organic solvent is added based on the desired solid content to form a first slurry precursor. The first slurry precursor is then subjected to repeated sonication and high-speed shearing to uniformly disperse the first slurry precursor, thereby obtaining the first slurry.

[0051] In one embodiment, the dispersed particle size D90 of the first slurry is 0.9 μm to 10 μm.

[0052] In one embodiment, the anode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtRu / C. The anode catalyst of the present invention is not limited to any commercially available product. Wetting the anode catalyst completely with deionized water is intended to prevent the anode catalyst from igniting. If the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is directly added to the anode catalyst without wetting it with deionized water, the anode catalyst may ignite.

[0053] The perfluorosulfonic acid resin may be any commercial product, but is not limited to any commercial product.

[0054] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5. The first hydrophilic polymer contains -NH- groups. In one embodiment, the first hydrophilic polymer further contains pyridine groups, imidazole groups, or triazole groups.

[0055] Specifically, the first hydrophilic polymer is selected from at least one of the following polymers:

[0056]

[0057] In one embodiment, the first organic solvent includes at least one of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0058] Step S12: coating the first slurry on one side of the proton exchange membrane and drying it to obtain an anode catalyst layer.

[0059] In one embodiment, the coating method includes at least one of ultrasonic spraying, electrostatic spraying, slit coating and thermal transfer.

[0060] Step S13: Mix the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent to obtain a second slurry.

[0061] Specifically, the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent are mixed to obtain the second slurry.

[0062] More specifically, the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(0.6-3):(0.01-0.5):(20-400) to obtain a second slurry.

[0063] More specifically, after the cathode catalyst is completely wetted with deionized water, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution diluted with a water-alcohol mixed solvent is slowly added to the container containing the wetted cathode catalyst. A weighed second hydrophilic polymer is then added according to a predetermined ratio, and then an appropriate amount of a second organic solvent is added based on the desired solid content to form a second slurry precursor. This second slurry precursor is then subjected to repeated sonication and high-speed shearing to uniformly disperse the second slurry precursor, thereby forming a second slurry.

[0064] In one embodiment, the dispersed particle size D90 of the second slurry is 0.1 μm to 5 μm.

[0065] In one embodiment, the cathode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtCo / C. The silver catalyst in the present invention is not limited to any commercially available product. Wetting the cathode catalyst completely with deionized water is intended to prevent the cathode catalyst from igniting. If the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is directly added to the cathode catalyst without wetting it with deionized water, the cathode catalyst may ignite.

[0066] The perfluorosulfonic acid resin may be any commercial product, but is not limited to any commercial product.

[0067] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the second hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5. The second hydrophilic polymer contains -NH- groups. In one embodiment, the second hydrophilic polymer further contains pyridine groups, imidazole groups, or triazole groups.

[0068] Specifically, the second hydrophilic polymer is selected from at least one of the following polymers:

[0069]

[0070] In one embodiment, the second organic solvent includes at least one of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0071] Step S14: coating the second slurry on the other side of the proton exchange membrane and drying it to obtain a cathode catalyst layer.

[0072] In one embodiment, the coating method includes at least one of ultrasonic spraying, electrostatic spraying, slit coating and thermal transfer.

[0073] Step S15: disposing a first gas diffusion layer on a side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane.

[0074] Specifically, the first gas diffusion layer can be disposed on a side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane by bonding.

[0075] Step S16: disposing a second gas diffusion layer on a side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane to obtain a membrane electrode.

[0076] Specifically, the second gas diffusion layer can be arranged on the side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane by bonding to obtain a membrane electrode.

[0077] It is understandable that before step S15 and step S16, the prepared sample may be edge-sealed to facilitate subsequent performance testing.

[0078] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a membrane electrode, which includes a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer located on one side of the proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer located on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, a first gas diffusion layer located on the side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane, and a second gas diffusion layer located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane.

[0079] In one embodiment, the anode catalyst layer includes an anode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, and a first hydrophilic polymer.

[0080] In one embodiment, the anode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtRu / C. The anode catalyst in the present invention is not limited to any commercial product.

[0081] The perfluorosulfonic acid resin may be any commercial product, but is not limited to any commercial product.

[0082] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5. The first hydrophilic polymer contains -NH- groups. In one embodiment, the first hydrophilic polymer further contains pyridine groups, imidazole groups, or triazole groups.

[0083] Specifically, the first hydrophilic polymer is selected from at least one of the following polymers:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] In one embodiment, the cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, and a second hydrophilic polymer.

[0087] In one embodiment, the cathode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtCo / C. The cathode catalyst in the present invention is not limited to any commercial product.

[0088] The perfluorosulfonic acid resin may be any commercial product, but is not limited to any commercial product.

[0089] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the second hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5. The second hydrophilic polymer contains -NH- groups. In one embodiment, the second hydrophilic polymer further contains pyridine groups, imidazole groups, or triazole groups.

[0090] Specifically, the second hydrophilic polymer is selected from at least one of the following polymers:

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell, comprising a membrane electrode prepared by the preparation method or comprising the membrane electrode. In one embodiment, the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).

[0094] The present invention adds a hydrophilic polymer containing -NH- groups to the catalytic layer. Since the hydrophilic polymer not only has good water retention performance but also has a certain proton conductivity, it can improve the water retention capacity of the membrane electrode without reducing the internal resistance of the membrane electrode, thereby improving the performance of the membrane electrode.

[0095] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] (1) 1 g of a Pt / C catalyst (Pt loading 60%) was weighed and completely moistened with deionized water and placed in a container. 20 g of isopropyl alcohol was added to the container to completely cover the Pt / C catalyst. 8 g of a 5% by mass perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution and 0.02 g of a hydrophilic polymer were then added to the container with stirring. The remaining 21 g of isopropyl alcohol was then added to the container to obtain a first slurry precursor. The hydrophilic polymer was polyvinyl imidazole.

[0098] (2) The first slurry precursor was placed in an ultrasonic disperser for 10 minutes, and then sheared with a high shear emulsifier for 5 minutes. The dispersion was repeated until the particle size of the first slurry precursor was maintained between 0.9 μm and 10 μm, thereby obtaining a first slurry.

[0099] (3) Using an ultrasonic sprayer, spray the first slurry onto one surface of the proton exchange membrane and dry it to obtain an anode catalyst layer.

[0100] (4) Weigh 1 g of Pt / C (Pt loading 60%) catalyst, completely wet it with deionized water, and place it in a container. 20 g of isopropyl alcohol is added to the container to completely cover the catalyst. 6 g of a 5% by mass perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution and 0.02 g of a hydrophilic polymer are then added to the container with stirring. The remaining 21 g of isopropyl alcohol is then added to the container to obtain a second slurry precursor. The hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl imidazole.

[0101] (5) The second slurry precursor was placed in an ultrasonic disperser for 10 minutes, and then sheared with a high shear emulsifier for 5 minutes. The dispersion was repeated until the particle size of the second slurry precursor was maintained between 0.1 μm and 5 μm to obtain a second slurry.

[0102] (6) The second slurry is sprayed onto the other surface of the proton exchange membrane using an ultrasonic sprayer and dried to obtain a cathode catalyst layer.

[0103] (7) The first gas diffusion layer is attached to the surface of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane.

[0104] (8) The second gas diffusion layer is attached to the surface of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane to obtain a membrane electrode.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] The preparation method of Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0107] In step (1) and step (4), the mass of the added hydrophilic high molecular polymer is 0.1 g.

[0108] Comparative Example 1

[0109] The preparation method of Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0110] In both step (1) and step (4), no hydrophilic polymer is added.

[0111] Comparative Example 2

[0112] The preparation method of Comparative Example 2 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0113] In steps (1) and (4), the hydrophilic high molecular polymer is replaced by titanium dioxide.

[0114] The polarization properties of the membrane electrodes prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested respectively, and the internal resistance (HFR) of the membrane electrodes prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested respectively when testing the polarization properties.

[0115] Among them, the test method of polarization performance is as follows:

[0116] 1. Assemble the prepared membrane electrode into the single cell test fixture;

[0117] 2. Connect the single battery test fixture to the test bench;

[0118] 3. Confirm that the supply valves for air, hydrogen, nitrogen, cooling water, and deionized water are open;

[0119] 4. Start: Turn on the power of the test bench and start the test software;

[0120] 5. Dry nitrogen purging: Open the nitrogen valve in the software, set the nitrogen flow rate to the rated point flow rate, and stop purging after 2 minutes.

[0121] 6. Heating: Set the stack cooling water flow and temperature, and set the anode and cathode gas temperature and humidity;

[0122] 7. Wet nitrogen purge: During the heating process, wet nitrogen is introduced at a flow rate of 0.2A / cm 2 The flow rate at that time.

[0123] 8. After the stack temperature and gas humidity are stable, introduce the reaction gas and gradually increase the load. Stay at each density point for 5 minutes and test the polarization curve.

[0124] See also Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the membrane electrodes prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2, the membrane electrodes prepared in embodiments 1 to 2 have higher performance under the same test conditions (test conditions: anode humidity 30% and cathode humidity 0%).

[0125] See also Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the internal resistance of the membrane electrode prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 2, the internal resistance of the membrane electrode prepared in Examples 1 to 2 is smaller, and still maintains a low internal resistance value in the large current density range, which is beneficial to reducing the mass transfer polarization of the catalytic layer.

[0126] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0127] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a membrane electrode, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing an anode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, a first hydrophilic polymer, and a first organic solvent to obtain a first slurry; coating the first slurry on one side of a proton exchange membrane and drying it to obtain an anode catalyst layer; mixing the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent to obtain a second slurry; coating the second slurry on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, and drying to obtain a cathode catalyst layer; Disposing a first gas diffusion layer on a side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane; as well as Disposing a second gas diffusion layer on a side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane; Wherein, the first hydrophilic polymer and the second hydrophilic polymer are each independently selected from at least one of the following polymers: Wherein, n is the corresponding degree of polymerization of the aforementioned high molecular weight polymer; The molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000; The molecular weight of the second hydrophilic high molecular polymer is 10,000 to 100,000.

2. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method comprises at least one of the following (1) to (2): (1) The molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5; (2) The molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.

5.

3. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The preparation method comprises at least one of the following (5) to (6): (5) The preparation method of the first slurry comprises the following steps: The anode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the first hydrophilic polymer and the first organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(1.2-3):(0.01-0.5):(40-250); (6) The preparation method of the second slurry comprises the following steps: The cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer and the second organic solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5):(0.6-3):(0.01-0.5):(20-400).

4. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 3, wherein: The preparation method comprises at least one of the following (7) to (8): (7) Before mixing the anode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the first hydrophilic polymer, and the first organic solvent, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: Wetting the anode catalyst with deionized water; Wherein, the anode catalyst comprises at least one of Pt / C and PtRu / C; (8) Before mixing the cathode catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the second hydrophilic polymer, and the second organic solvent, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: Wetting the cathode catalyst with deionized water; Wherein, the cathode catalyst includes at least one of Pt / C and PtCo / C.

5. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 3, wherein: The first organic solvent and / or the second organic solvent include at least one of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.

6. A membrane electrode, comprising a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer located on one side of the proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer located on the other side of the proton exchange membrane, a first gas diffusion layer located on a side of the anode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane, and a second gas diffusion layer located on a side of the cathode catalyst layer away from the proton exchange membrane, characterized in that: The anode catalyst layer includes an anode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin and a first hydrophilic polymer, and the cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin and a second hydrophilic polymer; Wherein, the first hydrophilic polymer and the second hydrophilic polymer are each independently selected from at least one of the following polymers: Wherein, n is the corresponding degree of polymerization of the aforementioned high molecular weight polymer; The molecular weight of the first hydrophilic polymer is 10,000 to 100,000; The molecular weight of the second hydrophilic high molecular polymer is 10,000 to 100,000.

7. The membrane electrode according to claim 6, characterized in that The membrane electrode comprises at least one of the following (1) to (4): (1) The molecular weight distribution of the first hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.5; (2) The molecular weight distribution of the second hydrophilic polymer is 1.2 to 1.

5.

8. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or comprises a membrane electrode according to any one of claims 6 to 7.

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