A two-stage capacitor converter for a friction nanogenerator

Abstract

This invention discloses a two-stage capacitor converter for triboelectric nanogenerators, comprising a triboelectric nanogenerator unit, a rectifier unit, a two-stage capacitor converter, a 6-pin latchless push-button switch, and a filter capacitor. The output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier unit, the output terminal of the rectifier unit is connected to the input terminal of the 6-pin latchless push-button switch, the output terminal of the 6-pin latchless push-button switch is connected to the input terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter, and the output terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter is connected to the input terminal of the filter capacitor via the 6-pin latchless push-button switch. By using this invention, the negative impact of the total output voltage drop can be effectively reduced, thereby increasing the energy utilization rate of the triboelectric nanogenerator. This invention, as a two-stage capacitor converter for triboelectric nanogenerators, can be widely applied in the field of two-stage capacitor converter technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of two-stage capacitor converter technology, and more particularly to a two-stage capacitor converter for triboelectric nanogenerators. Background Technology

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, have been developed for harvesting mechanical energy. Due to their advantages such as a wide range of material choices, low cost, light weight, and high efficiency at low frequencies, they are widely used in self-powered sensors, micro-nano energy sources, and high-voltage sources. TENGs can generate several kilovolts of high voltage, but their low current (~μA), low charge density (~nC), and high impedance (~100MΩ) result in extremely low energy utilization. The output characteristics of TENGs make it difficult to effectively deliver the generated electrical energy to a load or store it directly within the device. Therefore, storing the generated energy in batteries or capacitors is crucial for sustainable power supply to electronic devices. When directly charging the energy storage unit using a bridge rectifier, the significant impedance mismatch results in extremely low energy extraction from the TENG. Therefore, to maximize the utilization of the energy generated by TENGs, there is an urgent need to establish an efficient circuit management system between the TENG and the energy storage device for efficient energy conversion by the triboelectric nanogenerator. Traditional transformers, as the core component of portable charging devices, are increasingly unable to meet current requirements due to their large size, high noise, and high frequency. Currently, by using switching transistors to achieve series-parallel conversion of capacitors, boost and buck functions can be easily realized. However, the connection method of the switching transistors leads to a high output voltage drop. The switching transistor's own losses and the high output voltage drop are the main factors limiting the high electrostatic voltage energy conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a two-stage capacitor converter for triboelectric nanogenerators, which can effectively reduce the negative impact of total output voltage drop and thus increase the energy utilization rate of triboelectric nanogenerators.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is: a two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a triboelectric nanogenerator unit, a rectifier unit, a two-stage capacitor converter, a 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, and a filter capacitor. The output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier unit, the output terminal of the rectifier unit is connected to the input terminal of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, the output terminal of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch is connected to the input terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter, and the output terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter is connected to the input terminal of the filter capacitor via the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch.

[0005] The triboelectric nanogenerator unit serves as the input source for a two-stage capacitor converter, outputting an AC triboelectric signal.

[0006] The rectifier unit is used to rectify the AC triboelectric signal and output a DC triboelectric signal;

[0007] The two-stage capacitor converter includes a first-stage capacitor transducer and a second-stage capacitor transducer.

[0008] The first-stage capacitor transducer is used to store DC triboelectric signals when connected in series, and to discharge to the second-stage capacitor transducer when connected in parallel.

[0009] The second-stage capacitor transducer is used to receive the DC signal from the first-stage capacitor transducer when connected in series, and outputs a charge sixteen times the amount of input charge when connected in parallel.

[0010] The 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is used to control the storage and flow of charge in the two-stage capacitor converter.

[0011] The filter capacitor is used to smooth the output of the second-stage capacitor transducer, resulting in a smoothed DC signal.

[0012] Furthermore, the rectifier unit is a full-wave rectifier circuit used to generate DC high voltage using a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0013] Furthermore, the two-stage capacitor converter comprises energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8, and diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, and D18, wherein the energy storage capacitors... The first-stage capacitor transducer consists of capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, and diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, and D9. The second-stage capacitor transducer consists of capacitors C5, C6, C7, and C8, and diodes D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, and D18.

[0014] Furthermore, in the first stage capacitor transducer of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D3, the positive terminal of diode D6, and the rectifier unit, respectively. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and the negative terminal of diode D2, respectively. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C2, the positive terminal of diode D4, and the negative terminal of diode D5, respectively. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D2 and the negative terminal of diode D3, respectively. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D7, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C4, and the first pin of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, respectively. The positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D6, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode D9, respectively. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7 and the negative terminal of diode D8, respectively. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C4 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D8 and the negative terminal of diode D9, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, in the second stage capacitor transducer of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminals of diodes D12 and D15 and grounded, respectively. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D10 and the negative terminal of diode D11, respectively. The negative terminal of diode D10 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C6, the positive terminal of diode D13, and the negative terminal of diode D14, respectively. The second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C6 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D11 and the negative terminal of diode D12, respectively. The negative terminals of diode D13 are connected to the negative terminals of diode D16, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C8, and the second pin of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch. The positive terminals of diode D14 are connected to the negative terminals of diode D15, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C7, and the positive terminal of diode D18. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C7 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16 and the negative terminal of diode D17. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C8 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17 and the negative terminal of diode D18.

[0016] Furthermore, the operation of a two-stage capacitor converter includes a charging process and a discharging process. Specifically, the operation of a two-stage capacitor converter includes a series charging process and a parallel discharging process.

[0017] When the triboelectric nanogenerator charges the first-stage capacitor transducer through the rectifier unit, the first-stage capacitor transducer is charged in series, and the energy storage capacitor C4, diode D8, energy storage capacitor C3, diode D5, energy storage capacitor C2, diode D2 and energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in series.

[0018] When the first-stage capacitor transducer charges the second-stage capacitor transducer, the first-stage capacitor transducer is in a parallel discharge process. The energy storage capacitor C1 and diode D1 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C2 and diode D3 are connected in parallel. The energy storage capacitor C3 and diode D7 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C4 and diode D9 are connected in parallel.

[0019] The second-stage capacitor transducer is a series charging process, in which the energy storage capacitor C8, diode D17, energy storage capacitor C7, diode D14, energy storage capacitor C6, diode D11 and energy storage capacitor C5 are connected in series.

[0020] When the second-stage capacitor transducer discharges in parallel, the energy storage capacitor C5 and diode D10 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C6 and diode D12 are connected in parallel. The energy storage capacitor C7 and diode D16 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C8 and diode D18 are connected in parallel.

[0021] Furthermore, the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is a mechanical switch without a mechanical locking function.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By connecting the output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator to the input terminal of the rectifier unit, and connecting one end of the output terminal of the rectifier unit to a 6-pin unlocked push-button switch, the energy transmission of the triboelectric nanogenerator is carried out step by step through the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch, realizing the principle of series charging and parallel discharging. This overcomes the defect that the large internal capacitive reactance of the triboelectric nanogenerator prevents energy from being effectively transmitted to the load. One end of the first-stage capacitor transducer is connected to one end of the second-stage capacitor transducer through the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch, and the second-stage capacitor transducer is connected to the filter capacitor through the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch. Through the series-parallel conversion of the two stages of capacitors, the energy output of the triboelectric nanogenerator is transmitted step by step. In the transmission of each stage, the capacitors are matched accordingly, and the matching of each stage can maximize the energy transmission. The two-stage capacitor series-parallel conversion transducer can effectively reduce the number of switches passing through the ground during capacitor discharge, achieving a smaller total output voltage drop, thereby effectively reducing the negative impact of the total output voltage drop and increasing the energy utilization rate of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator power management system based on a two-stage capacitor converter with a 6-pin lockable push-button switch of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy transmission process when the 6-pin lockless push button switch of the present invention is pressed for the first time;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy transmission process when the 6-pin lockless push button switch of the present invention is pressed for the second time;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy transmission process when the 6-pin lockless push button switch of the present invention is pressed for the third time;

[0027] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Triboelectric nanogenerator unit; 2. Rectifier unit; 3. Energy storage capacitor; 4. Diode; 5. 6-pin unlocked push-button switch; 6. First-stage capacitor transducer; 7. Second-stage capacitor transducer; 8. Filter capacitor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The step numbers in the following embodiments are only for ease of explanation and do not limit the order of the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a triboelectric nanogenerator unit, a rectifier unit, a two-stage capacitor converter, a 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, and a filter capacitor. The output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier unit, the output terminal of the rectifier unit is connected to the input terminal of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, the output terminal of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch is connected to the input terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter, and the output terminal of the two-stage capacitor converter is connected to the input terminal of the filter capacitor via the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch.

[0030] Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator serves as the input source for a two-stage capacitor converter, outputting an AC triboelectric signal.

[0031] Specifically, the rectifier unit is a full-wave rectifier circuit used to generate high DC voltage using a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0032] Furthermore, the rectifier unit is used to rectify the AC triboelectric signal and output a DC triboelectric signal;

[0033] Furthermore, the two-stage capacitor converter includes a first-stage capacitor transducer and a second-stage capacitor transducer; the first-stage capacitor transducer is used to store the DC triboelectric signal when connected in series, and to discharge to the second-stage capacitor transducer when connected in parallel; the second-stage capacitor transducer is used to receive the DC signal from the first-stage capacitor transducer when connected in series, and to output a charge sixteen times the amount of the input charge when connected in parallel.

[0034] Specifically, the two-stage capacitor converter consists of 8 energy storage capacitors and 18 diodes. Due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diodes, the energy storage capacitors are connected in series with the diodes when charging, and are connected in parallel with the diodes when discharging. The energy storage capacitors are external commercial capacitors, diodes, and the junction capacitance or inductive capacitance of the connecting lines themselves. Energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, and D9 form the first-stage capacitor transducer, and energy storage capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, and D18 form the second-stage capacitor transducer.

[0035] More specifically, the operation of the two-stage capacitor converter includes a series charging process and a parallel discharging process. When the triboelectric nanogenerator charges the first-stage capacitor transducer through the rectifier unit, the first-stage capacitor transducer undergoes a series charging process, in which the energy storage capacitor C4, diode D8, energy storage capacitor C3, diode D5, energy storage capacitor C2, diode D2, and energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in series. When the first-stage capacitor transducer charges the second-stage capacitor transducer, the first-stage capacitor transducer undergoes a parallel discharging process, in which the energy storage capacitor C1 and diode D1 connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C2 and diode D3 connected in series are connected in parallel. The unit consisting of capacitor C3 and diode D7 connected in series, and the unit consisting of energy storage capacitor C4 and diode D9 connected in series, are connected in parallel. The second-stage capacitor transducer is a series charging process, with energy storage capacitor C8, diode D17, energy storage capacitor C7, diode D14, energy storage capacitor C6, diode D11, and energy storage capacitor C5 connected in series. When the second-stage capacitor transducer discharges in parallel, the unit consisting of energy storage capacitor C5 and diode D10 connected in series, and the unit consisting of energy storage capacitor C6 and diode D12 connected in series, are connected in parallel. The unit consisting of energy storage capacitor C7 and diode D16 connected in series, and the unit consisting of energy storage capacitor C8 and diode D18 connected in series, are also connected in parallel.

[0036] In the first stage of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D3, the positive terminal of diode D6, and the rectifier unit. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and the negative terminal of diode D2. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C2, the positive terminal of diode D4, and the negative terminal of diode D5. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D2 and the negative terminal of diode D3. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D7, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C4, and the first pin of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch. The positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D6, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode D9. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7 and the negative terminal of diode D8. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C4 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D8 and the negative terminal of diode D9.

[0037] In the second stage of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminals of diodes D12 and D15 and grounded. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D10 and the negative terminal of diode D11. The negative terminal of diode D10 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C6, the positive terminal of diode D13, and the negative terminal of diode D14. The second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C6 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D11 and the negative terminal of diode D12. The diode D13 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D16, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C8, and the second pin of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch. The diode D14 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D15, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C7, and the positive terminal of diode D18. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C7 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16 and the negative terminal of diode D17. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C8 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17 and the negative terminal of diode D18.

[0038] Furthermore, a 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is used to control the storage and flow of charge in the two-stage capacitor converter;

[0039] Furthermore, the filter capacitor is used to smooth the output of the second-stage capacitor transducer, resulting in a smoothed DC signal.

[0040] Specifically, a constant current output is achieved by connecting a filter capacitor in parallel at the output terminal.

[0041] In summary, the specific workflow of the circuit of this invention is as follows: a two-stage capacitor converter consisting of 8 energy storage capacitors and 18 diodes is selected to implement the voltage reduction mechanism:

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, at the beginning of circuit operation, the capacitor has no charge and its capacitance is C. When the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is turned on for the first time (i.e., the first and third pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, and the second and fifth pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected), the triboelectric nanogenerator unit, as the input source, applies a voltage V to the first-stage capacitor transducer through full-wave rectification. Correspondingly, the input charge Q is charged into the four series-connected charge storage capacitors in the first-stage capacitor transducer: energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4. In each charge storage capacitor... Having obtained the charge quantity Q and voltage V / 4, the charge storage capacitors in the second-stage capacitor transducer are not yet charged, so no charge is released at this stage. When the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is turned on for the first time (i.e., the first and fourth pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, and the second and sixth pins are connected), due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, the four charge storage capacitors in the first-stage capacitor transducer are in a discharging state and automatically switch to parallel connection. At this time, the first-stage capacitor transducer outputs a charge quantity of 4Q-4Q′ and releases V / 4-2V. d The voltage, where, due to the diode's forward voltage drop, Q′ is the amount of charge remaining in each charge storage capacitor, V d It is the voltage drop of a diode, 2V. d This is the total output voltage drop when the first-stage capacitor transducer is discharging. In the discharging state, the first-stage capacitor transducer applies V / 4-2V to the second-stage capacitor transducer via a 6-pin unlocked push-button switch. d The voltage of each charge storage capacitor in the second-stage capacitor transducer is 1 / 4 (V / 4-2V). d At the same time, the charge of 4Q-4Q′(Q″) is charged into the four series-connected charge storage capacitors in the second stage capacitor transducer, namely energy storage capacitor C5, energy storage capacitor C6, energy storage capacitor C7 and energy storage capacitor C8.

[0043] like Figure 3As shown, when the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is turned on for the second time (i.e., the first and third pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, and the second and fifth pins are connected), since Q′ is stored in each charge storage capacitor in the first-stage capacitor transducer, only QQ′ of charge is charged into the first-stage capacitor transducer. Simultaneously, the four charge storage capacitors in the second-stage capacitor transducer are discharging and automatically switch to parallel connection. At this time, the second-stage capacitor transducer outputs 4Q″-4Q″′ of charge and releases 1 / 4 (V / 4-2V). d -2V d The voltage is given by the voltage, where Q″′ is the amount of charge stored in each charge storage capacitor in the second stage capacitor transducer. When the 6-pin unlocked push button is turned on for the second time, that is, the first pin of the 6-pin unlocked push button is connected to the fourth pin, and the second pin of the 6-pin unlocked push button is connected to the sixth pin. The first stage capacitor transducer is in a discharging state and outputs charge to the second stage capacitor transducer through the 6-pin unlocked push button. Since Q″′ is stored in each charge storage capacitor in the second stage capacitor transducer, only the amount of charge Q″-Q″′ is charged into the second stage capacitor transducer. Therefore, the first stage capacitor transducer outputs 4Q-4(Q′+Q″′ / 4) of charge to the second stage capacitor transducer. At this time, each charge storage capacitor in the first stage capacitor transducer has a remaining charge of Q′+Q″′ / 4.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, when the switch is turned on for the third time (i.e., the first and third pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, and the second and fifth pins are connected), since the charge of Q′+Q″′ / 4 is retained in each charge storage capacitor in the first-stage capacitor transducer, only the charge of Q-(Q′+Q″′ / 4) is charged into the first-stage capacitor transducer. Simultaneously, the four charge storage capacitors in the second-stage capacitor transducer are in a discharging state and automatically switch to parallel connection. At this time, the second-stage capacitor transducer outputs a charge of 4Q″′-4Q″′ and releases 1 / 4 (V / 4-2V). d -2V dThe voltage is given by the voltage, where Q″′ is the amount of charge stored in each charge storage capacitor in the second-stage capacitor transducer. When the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is turned on downwards for the third time, that is, the first and fourth pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, and the second and sixth pins of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch are connected, the charge transfer process between the first-stage and second-stage capacitor transducers is the same as when the switch is turned on downwards for the second time. Starting from the fourth time the switch is turned on upwards and downwards, the charge transfer process for each subsequent time is the same as the third time, that is, a charge of Q-(Q′+Q″′ / 4) is input inwards, and a charge of 4Q″′-4Q″′, that is, 16Q-16(Q′+Q″′ / 4), is output outwards, achieving a 16-fold increase in charge output.

[0045] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, The system includes a triboelectric nanogenerator unit, a rectifier unit, a two-stage capacitor converter, a 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, and a filter capacitor. The output of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is connected to the input of the rectifier unit. The output of the rectifier unit is connected to the input of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch. The output of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch is connected to the input of the two-stage capacitor converter. The output of the two-stage capacitor converter is connected to the input of the filter capacitor via the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch. The triboelectric nanogenerator unit serves as the input source for a two-stage capacitor converter, outputting an AC triboelectric signal. The rectifier unit is used to rectify the AC triboelectric signal and output a DC triboelectric signal; The two-stage capacitor converter includes a first-stage capacitor transducer and a second-stage capacitor transducer. The first-stage capacitor transducer is used to store DC triboelectric signals when connected in series, and to discharge to the second-stage capacitor transducer when connected in parallel. The second-stage capacitor transducer is used to receive the DC signal from the first-stage capacitor transducer when connected in series, and outputs a charge sixteen times the amount of input charge when connected in parallel. The 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is used to control the storage and flow of charge in the two-stage capacitor converter. The filter capacitor is used to smooth the output of the second-stage capacitor transducer, resulting in a smoothed DC signal.

2. The two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier unit is a full-wave rectifier circuit used to generate DC high voltage using a triboelectric nanogenerator.

3. The two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two-stage capacitor converter consists of energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8, and diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, and D18. The energy storage capacitors... Capacitor C1, energy storage capacitors C2, C3, and C4, diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, and D9 form the first-stage capacitor transducer. Energy storage capacitors C5, C6, C7, and C8, diodes D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, and D18 form the second-stage capacitor transducer.

4. The two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the first stage of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminals of diodes D3 and D6 and the rectifier unit, respectively. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and the negative terminal of diode D2, respectively. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C2, the positive terminal of diode D4, and the negative terminal of diode D5, respectively. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D2 and the negative terminal of diode D3, respectively. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D7, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C4, and the first pin of the 6-pin unlockable push-button switch, respectively. The positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D6, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode D9, respectively. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C3 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7 and the negative terminal of diode D8, respectively. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C4 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D8 and the negative terminal of diode D9, respectively.

5. A two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the second stage of the two-stage capacitor converter, the second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminals of diodes D12 and D15 and grounded. The first terminal of the energy storage capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D10 and the negative terminal of diode D11. The negative terminal of diode D10 is connected to the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C6, the positive terminal of diode D13, and the negative terminal of diode D14. The second terminal of the energy storage capacitor C6 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D11 and the negative terminal of diode D12. The diode D13 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D16, the first terminal of energy storage capacitor C8, and the second pin of the 6-pin unlocked push-button switch. The diode D14 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D15, the second terminal of energy storage capacitor C7, and the positive terminal of diode D18. The first terminal of energy storage capacitor C7 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16 and the negative terminal of diode D17. The second terminal of energy storage capacitor C8 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17 and the negative terminal of diode D18.

6. A two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The operation of a two-stage capacitor converter includes a series charging process and a parallel discharging process, wherein: When the triboelectric nanogenerator charges the first-stage capacitor transducer through the rectifier unit, the first-stage capacitor transducer is charged in series, and the energy storage capacitor C4, diode D8, energy storage capacitor C3, diode D5, energy storage capacitor C2, diode D2 and energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in series. When the first-stage capacitor transducer charges the second-stage capacitor transducer, the first-stage capacitor transducer is in a parallel discharge process. The energy storage capacitor C1 and diode D1 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C2 and diode D3 are connected in parallel. The energy storage capacitor C3 and diode D7 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C4 and diode D9 are connected in parallel. The second-stage capacitor transducer is a series charging process, in which the energy storage capacitor C8, diode D17, energy storage capacitor C7, diode D14, energy storage capacitor C6, diode D11 and energy storage capacitor C5 are connected in series. When the second-stage capacitor transducer discharges in parallel, the energy storage capacitor C5 and diode D10 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C6 and diode D12 are connected in parallel. The energy storage capacitor C7 and diode D16 are connected in series and the energy storage capacitor C8 and diode D18 are connected in parallel.

7. A two-stage capacitor converter for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 6-pin unlocked push-button switch is a mechanical switch without a mechanical locking function.

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