A high performance hybrid helical antenna

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a high-performance hybrid spiral antenna, which comprises a planar spiral, a cylindrical spiral and a spherical spiral; the diameter of the cylindrical spiral is equal to the central wavelength of radiated waves, the diameters of the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are equal to the diameter of the cylindrical spiral, and the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are both self-complementary structures; the number of turns of the planar spiral is more than six, the number of turns of the cylindrical spiral is more than five, and the number of turns of the spherical spiral is more than three; the planar spiral, the cylindrical spiral and the spherical spiral all comprise two spiral arms that are mutually wound by 180 degrees; the two spiral arms of the planar spiral are connected to the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral through the two spiral arms of the cylindrical spiral, and the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other. The application can have the advantages of ultra-wideband, directivity and axial ratio and improve the performance of the spiral antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a high-performance hybrid helical antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A helical antenna is a typical circularly polarized traveling-wave antenna. Based on their geometric shape, helical antennas are classified into planar helices and three-dimensional helices. Planar helices include planar Archimedean spirals, planar equiangular spirals, and planar involute spirals, while three-dimensional helices include cylindrical spirals (CHA), conical spirals, and spherical spirals. Due to their continuous, smooth, self-winding, and electrically large geometric characteristics, the current wave on a helical antenna typically exhibits a traveling wave state, alternating periodically in the X / Y directions, thus forming ultra-wideband, circularly polarized radiation.

[0003] In contrast, resonant circularly polarized antennas, such as microstrip patch (MPA), dielectric resonator (DRA), and quadrature helical antennas (QHAs), need to meet the basic conditions for circular polarization radiation, namely, equal-amplitude feeding with phase increments or decrements of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Therefore, the feed network design typically uses a single or two-stage Wilkinson power divider. Since there is a 90° or 180° phase difference between the two output ports of each stage of the power divider, this imbalance will lead to poor isolation between them, thus affecting the circular polarization characteristics. Therefore, a 100Ω isolation resistor is often loaded between the two ports. However, loading the isolation resistor consumes useful power, resulting in low overall antenna efficiency, typically only 15-50%, and a narrow axial ratio bandwidth. Therefore, these types of antennas are usually used in terminal receiving equipment, where a high-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) is used to actively amplify the antenna to compensate for the low antenna gain.

[0004] In contrast, when used as transmitting antennas, such as in GNSS navigation satellites and radio astronomy stations, wide bandwidth, high gain, low axial ratio, and high efficiency are required, making resonant antennas unsuitable. In this case, the cylindrical helix antenna (CHA) becomes the preferred circularly polarized antenna solution due to its ultra-wide bandwidth, directivity, circular polarization, and high efficiency; moreover, the direction of circular polarization is the same as the direction of helix winding, facilitating design. Theoretically, the cylindrical helix has two operating modes: a normal mode and an axial mode. The former has a wavelength much larger than the helix diameter D (D >> 1·λ), while the latter has a wavelength approximately equal to the circumference C of one turn of the helix, i.e., C ≈ 1·λ. c (λ c (where the center wavelength is), that is, the corresponding bandwidth BW≈3 / 4 <f / f c <4 / 3(f c The center frequency has a relative bandwidth of approximately 56%, which is much higher than that of a resonant circularly polarized antenna (typically BW = 1–10%).

[0005] However, the impedance bandwidth BW and directivity D of the cylindrical spiral are...ir Both the shaft ratio (AR) and the axial rotation (N) are highly dependent on the number of revolutions (N). Typically, at least 7-8 revolutions (N) are needed to achieve good overall performance, such as bandwidth (BW) > 40% and directivity (D). ir >12dBc, axial ratio AR<3dB, etc. Due to the traveling wave structure of the spiral itself, the current wave is in the direction of the terminal phase.

[0006] During propagation, the current continuously radiates into space, causing the current amplitude to decay. Therefore, as the number of revolutions N increases, all indicators improve, but the improvement becomes increasingly limited until N reaches its upper limit and stops.

[0007] Improvements are needed; however, the height H increases, and the structure cannot withstand its own weight. Considering all these factors, the number of turns N in a single cylindrical helix is ​​usually around 7 to 10, corresponding to a directionality D. ir ≈(11~14)dBc. To further improve directivity, multiple spirals are usually arrayed, which requires the design of a complex power supply network, thereby increasing losses and reducing efficiency.

[0008] As the above analysis shows, improving the directivity of a single helix and increasing its axial ratio is an important direction for technological innovation and breakthroughs in helical antennas, and it also has significant implications for engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-performance hybrid spiral antenna that can combine the advantages of ultra-wideband, directivity and axial ratio to improve the performance of the spiral antenna.

[0010] A high-performance hybrid spiral antenna includes: a planar spiral, a cylindrical spiral, and a spherical spiral;

[0011] The diameter of the cylindrical spiral is equal to the center wavelength of the radiated wave, and the diameters of the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are both equal to the diameter of the cylindrical spiral, and both the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are self-complementary structures;

[0012] The planar spiral has six or more turns, the cylindrical spiral has five or more turns, and the spherical spiral has three or more turns.

[0013] The planar spiral, the cylindrical spiral, and the spherical spiral each include two spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees around each other; the two spiral arms of the planar spiral are respectively connected to the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral through the two spiral arms of the cylindrical spiral, and the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other.

[0014] 5. In one embodiment, all the spiral arms have the same direction of rotation.

[0015] In one embodiment, all spiral arms have the same arm width.

[0016] In one embodiment, the spherical spiral has a hemispherical structure.

[0017] In one embodiment, the helix angle of the cylindrical helix ranges from 8 degrees to 15 degrees.

[0018] In one embodiment, the power supply point is located at the center of the planar spiral.

[0019] In one embodiment, the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other by a connecting segment, and the width of the connecting segment is greater than or equal to the arm width of the spiral arms of the spherical spiral.

[0020] In one embodiment, it further includes: a floor;

[0021] The floor is spirally spaced apart from the planar surface, and the edges of the floor have outwardly folded skirts.

[0022] In one embodiment, the floor is a barrel-shaped structure, the diameter of the floor is greater than or equal to twice the diameter of the planar helix, and the height of the floor is equal to 0.15 to 0.25 times the center wavelength of the radiated wave.

[0023] In one embodiment, the planar spiral is an Archimedean spiral, a planar isoangular spiral, or a planar involute spiral.

[0024] The aforementioned high-performance hybrid spiral antenna uses a planar spiral as the feed part of the hybrid antenna and also plays a role in impedance adjustment. The cylindrical spiral and spherical spiral serve as the radiating parts of the antenna. It achieves ultra-wideband without increasing the number of turns, and has a wider bandwidth (BW = 54.6%), higher directivity (D > 13.2dBc), better axial ratio (RHCP, AR < 3dB), and higher efficiency. In particular, the high-frequency characteristics are significantly improved (directivity is improved by about 1.11dB). It combines ultra-wideband (simultaneously achieving ultra-wideband impedance, ultra-wideband pattern, and ultra-wideband axial ratio), high performance, and high directivity and axial ratio. Specifically, the ultra-wideband impedance is greater than or equal to 60%, with a maximum of 64.71%; the ultra-wideband pattern is greater than or equal to 55%; and the ultra-wideband axial ratio is greater than or equal to 50%, with a maximum of 54.55%. It is a preferred solution for applications such as point-to-point communication, satellite navigation, radio astronomy, radar, and RFID. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A perspective view of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 3This is a top view of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 4 A top view of a planar spiral in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a front view of a cylindrical helix in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical spiral in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a top view of a spherical spiral in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a front view of a single cylindrical helical antenna in one embodiment;

[0033] Figure 9 The figure shows the simulation results of the input impedance of a high-performance hybrid spiral antenna and a single cylindrical spiral antenna in one embodiment. In the figure, the smooth line represents the high-performance hybrid spiral antenna, the dotted line represents the single cylindrical spiral antenna, the solid line represents the real part, and the dashed line represents the imaginary part.

[0034] Figure 10 The figure shows the VSWR simulation results of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna and a single cylindrical helical antenna in one embodiment. The solid line represents the high-performance hybrid helical antenna, and the dashed line represents the single cylindrical helical antenna.

[0035] Figure 11 The figure shows the simulation results of the peak directivity Dp of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna and a single cylindrical helical antenna in one embodiment. The solid line represents the high-performance hybrid helical antenna and the dashed line represents the single cylindrical helical antenna.

[0036] Figure 12 The figure shows the simulation results of the axial ratio ARvs.f characteristics of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna and a single cylindrical helical antenna in one embodiment. The solid line represents the high-performance hybrid helical antenna and the dashed line represents the single cylindrical helical antenna.

[0037] Figure 13 The figure shows the simulation results of the axial ratio of a high-performance hybrid spiral antenna and a single cylindrical spiral antenna at the highest gain frequency f = 1.85G in one embodiment. The smooth line represents the high-performance hybrid spiral antenna, the dotted line represents the single cylindrical spiral antenna, the solid line represents Phi = 0°, and the dashed line represents Phi = 90°.

[0038] Figure 14The image shows the simulation results of a high-performance hybrid helical antenna in one embodiment at the highest gain frequency f = 1.85G. In this image, the smooth line represents Phi = 0°, the dotted line represents Phi = 90°, the solid line represents RHCP, and the dashed line represents LHCP. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0040] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0041] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. In the description of this application, "multiple sets" means at least two sets, such as two sets, three sets, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this application.

[0044] This application provides a high-performance hybrid helical antenna, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a planar helix, a cylindrical helix, and a spherical helix.

[0045] A planar spiral has six or more turns, its diameter is equal to that of a cylindrical spiral, and it is a self-complementary structure; a planar spiral can be an Archimedean spiral, a planar equiangular spiral, or a planar involute spiral.

[0046] The cylindrical spiral has five or more turns, and its diameter is equal to the central wavelength of the radiated wave, i.e., D≈1·λ. c To meet the working conditions of working in axial mode, with the maximum radiation direction being the z-direction, and to achieve a directional antenna with single radiation.

[0047] A spherical spiral has three or more turns, and its diameter is equal to that of a cylindrical spiral. It is also a self-complementing structure.

[0048] Planar spirals, cylindrical spirals, and spherical spirals all include two spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees apart. Specifically, a planar spiral includes two first spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees apart, a cylindrical spiral includes two second spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees apart, and a spherical spiral includes two third spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees apart. The two spiral arms of the planar spiral are connected to the two spiral arms of the cylindrical spiral and the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral, respectively. That is, one corresponding end of the two first spiral arms is connected to the feed point, the other corresponding end of the two first spiral arms is connected to one corresponding end of the two second spiral arms, the other corresponding end of the two second spiral arms is connected to one corresponding end of the two third spiral arms, and the other corresponding ends of the two third spiral arms are connected to each other.

[0049] It should be noted that the preferred positional relationship between the planar spiral, cylindrical spiral, and spherical spiral is as follows: the planar spiral is located at the bottom of the entire hybrid spiral antenna, the cylindrical spiral is located in the middle of the entire hybrid spiral antenna, and the spherical spiral is located at the top of the entire hybrid spiral antenna. The bottom planar spiral, the middle cylindrical spiral, and the top spherical spiral are all distributed on the outer surface of the cylinder with the spherical cap as its top. The cylinder with the spherical cap is a hollow thin shell structure, and the shell is made of a low-loss dielectric material, such as PTFE, PPS, or ceramic. The hybrid spiral antenna is generated on its surface using laser direct forming (LDS) or 3D printing processes. The spherical cap cylindrical thin shell structure on which the three spirals are attached has a self-supporting structure (this self-supporting structure is existing technology) design, and its bottom is fixed to a metal floor.

[0050] The aforementioned high-performance hybrid helical antenna comprises a planar helix, a cylindrical helix, and a spherical helix connected in sequence. The cylindrical helix has five or more turns to form a traveling-wave antenna, achieving ultra-wideband performance. The planar helix has six or more turns; more turns result in lower frequencies, further shifting the antenna's ultra-wideband towards lower frequencies while ensuring the planar helix's impedance bandwidth is greater than the overall antenna's impedance bandwidth. The spherical helix has three or more turns, further shifting the antenna's ultra-wideband towards higher frequencies, improving high-frequency directivity and expanding the radiation pattern bandwidth. The number of turns also improves the antenna's axial ratio, achieving excellent circular polarization performance. The planar, cylindrical, and spherical helicals each include two helical arms that rotate 180 degrees around each other, effectively utilizing height space, increasing aperture radiation intensity, and improving aperture efficiency. This, in turn, improves antenna directivity while maintaining excellent circular polarization, thereby increasing gain and extending propagation distance. The other corresponding ends of the two third helical arms are connected to each other, making all helical arms a unified whole, thus ensuring the traveling-wave characteristics of the current wave and achieving ultra-wideband circular polarization. Planar and spherical spirals further improve the high directivity and low axial ratio characteristics of the antenna in the high-frequency band. Both planar and spherical spirals are self-complementary structures, meaning that the arm width of the planar spiral is equal to the arm spacing, and the arm width of the spherical spiral is equal to the arm spacing, in order to obtain the flattest impedance characteristics, the widest bandwidth, and the best axial ratio characteristics. In this embodiment, the hybrid spiral antenna uses a planar spiral as the feed part of the hybrid antenna and also serves as an impedance adjustment function. The cylindrical spiral and spherical spiral serve as the radiating parts of the antenna. Without increasing the number of turns, it achieves ultra-wideband (BW = 54.6%), with wider bandwidth (D > 13.2 dBc), better axial ratio (RHCP, AR < 3 dB), and higher efficiency. In particular, the high-frequency characteristics are significantly improved (directivity is improved by about 1.11 dB). It combines ultra-wideband (simultaneously achieving impedance ultra-wideband, pattern ultra-wideband, and axial ratio ultra-wideband), directivity, and axial ratio. The impedance ultra-wideband is greater than or equal to 60%, reaching a maximum of 64.71%, the pattern ultra-wideband is greater than or equal to 55%, and the axial ratio ultra-wideband is greater than or equal to 50%, reaching a maximum of 54.55%. It is a preferred solution for applications such as point-to-point communication, satellite navigation, radio astronomy, radar, and RFID.

[0051] In one embodiment, all the spiral arms rotate in the same direction, either left-handed or right-handed.

[0052] In one embodiment, all spiral arms have the same arm width to achieve optimal impedance matching and minimum loss.

[0053] In one embodiment, the spherical helix has a hemispherical structure, i.e., the spherical curvature is 2π (the spherical cap), and the height of the spherical helix (i.e., the vertical distance from the vertex of the sphere to the cylindrical helix) is equal to the radius of the sphere, i.e., H. s=D / 2, to obtain a sufficient number of turns under self-complementary conditions and ensure that it is exactly tangent to the cylindrical helix.

[0054] In one embodiment, the helix angle of the cylindrical helix ranges from 8 to 15 degrees, i.e., α = 8 to 15°, preferably 12 degrees, i.e., α = 12°, in order to obtain optimal directional and axial ratio characteristics.

[0055] In one embodiment, the feed point is located at the center of the planar spiral, and the feed is performed at the midpoint between the two arms of the planar spiral to make the current symmetrically distributed, which is beneficial for the radiation pattern and circular polarization; in order to be able to be directly fed with a 50Ω cable, the feed point may extend into an additional impedance transformation section.

[0056] In one embodiment, the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other at the vertex of the sphere by a connecting segment, and the width of the connecting segment is greater than or equal to the width of the spiral arms of the spherical spiral to facilitate impedance matching.

[0057] In one embodiment, it further includes: a floor, wherein the floor and the planar spiral are spaced apart (the planar spiral, cylindrical spiral, spherical spiral, and floor are all made of metal, and the floor and the planar spiral are connected by a non-metallic support) to achieve directional radiation; the distance H between the floor and the planar spiral a >0.05·λ c This facilitates impedance matching and enables ultra-wideband.

[0058] The floor has a barrel-shaped structure. Specifically, the floor includes an annular side surface and a circular bottom surface covering the opening of the annular surface. The center of the bottom surface of the floor lies on the same perpendicular line as the center of the planar spiral, the axis of the cylindrical spiral, and the center of the spherical spiral. The diameter of the floor is greater than or equal to twice the diameter of the planar spiral, i.e., D. g ≥2·D, the height of the floor is equal to 0.15 to 0.25 times the center wavelength of the radiated wave, that is: H g = (0.15~0.25)·λ c This facilitates impedance matching, directivity, and front-to-back ratio, and enables ultra-wideband.

[0059] The top edge of the floor has an outward-turned skirt to act as a flow stop.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the high-performance hybrid spiral antenna includes: a bottom planar spiral, a middle cylindrical spiral, a top spherical spiral, and a ground plane; the diameter of the cylindrical spiral is equal to the center wavelength of the radiated wave, and the diameters of the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are both equal to the diameter of the cylindrical spiral; the planar spiral includes two first radiating arms that rotate 180 degrees apart, the cylindrical spiral includes two second radiating arms that rotate 180 degrees apart, and the spherical spiral includes two third radiating arms that rotate 180 degrees apart; the spiral direction of the two first radiating arms, the two second radiating arms, and the two third radiating arms is all right-handed; one end of each of the two first spiral arms is located at the center of the planar spiral, the other end of each of the two first spiral arms is connected to one end of each of the two second spiral arms, and the other end of each of the two second spiral arms is connected to one end of each of the two third radiating arms. The other end is connected at the center of the hemisphere by a connecting segment, the width of which is greater than or equal to the arm width of the spherical spiral; both the planar spiral and the spherical spiral are self-complementary structures; the arm widths of the first spiral arm, the second spiral arm, and the third spiral arm are all equal; the number of turns of the two first spiral arms is 6, the number of turns of the two second spiral arms is 5, and the number of turns of the two third spiral arms is 3; the helix angle of the cylindrical spiral is 12 degrees; the floor is a barrel-shaped structure spaced apart from the planar spiral, and the edge of the floor has a skirt that flips outward; the diameter of the floor is greater than or equal to twice the diameter of the planar spiral, and the height of the floor is 0.15 to 0.25 times the center wavelength of the radiated wave; the planar spiral is an Archimedean spiral; the diameter of the cylindrical spiral is D, the turn spacing is p = πDtanα, and the height is H = 5p = 5(πDtanα).

[0061] The high-performance hybrid helical antenna in this embodiment is used in conjunction with Figure 8 The simulation comparison experiment of the single cylindrical helical antenna shown is as follows. Figures 9 to 14 As shown.

[0062] like Figure 9 The input impedance Z shown in The input impedance of the hybrid spiral, real part (smooth line, solid line) R in ≈175Ω, imaginary part (smooth line, dashed line) X in It fluctuates slightly around 0; the input impedance of a single cylindrical screw, real part (dotted line, solid line) R in ≈100Ω, imaginary part (dotted line, dashed line) X in It fluctuates significantly around 0, exhibiting a large reactive component. Clearly, the hybrid spiral input impedance has better flatness than the conventional single-arm cylindrical spiral and a wider bandwidth.

[0063] like Figure 10The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) curves are shown with the two helical port impedances set to 175Ω and 100Ω respectively. The impedance bandwidth of the hybrid helix (solid line) is BW = 64.71% (VSWR < 2.0, 1.15 ~ 2.25G), while the impedance bandwidth of the single cylindrical helix (dashed line) is BW = 52.25% (VSWR < 2.0, 1.15 ~ 1.9634G). The former has a bandwidth that is about 12% wider than the latter.

[0064] like Figure 11 The peak directivity D shown p The peak directivity D of the hybrid spiral (solid line) across the entire frequency band p >10dBc, with a maximum of 13.23dBc, compared to a single cylindrical spiral (dashed line), its peak directionality D p It increased by about 1.11 dBc.

[0065] like Figure 12 The axial aspect ratio characteristics shown indicate that, across the entire frequency band, the hybrid spiral (solid line) has an axial aspect ratio AR < 3dB, good flatness and consistency, and a bandwidth BW = 54.55% (1.24~2.17G); while the single cylindrical spiral (dashed line) has an axial aspect ratio AR < 3dB, a slightly narrower bandwidth, and a bulge in the middle.

[0066] like Figure 13 The diagram shows the axial ratio radiation characteristics of the two spirals at the highest gain frequency f = 1.85G, the axial ratio radiation of the mixed spiral (solid line), and the axial ratio radiation of the two planes at Phi = 0° and 90° within the main lobe range. Figure 1 The consistency is very good, and the wavelength of AR<3dB is greater than 57°; the single cylindrical helix (dashed line) has poor axial ratio pattern flatness in the main lobe range for the two planes Phi=0° and Phi=90°, and the wavelength of AR<3dB is 41~44°.

[0067] like Figure 14 The gain pattern of the hybrid spiral at the highest gain frequency f = 1.85 GHz shows that the RHCP component is significantly larger than the LHCP component, indicating right-hand circular polarization. The gain patterns at Phi = 0° and Phi = 90° are also shown. Figure 1 The good consistency indicates that the azimuth plane difference of the radiation pattern is small and the horizontal non-circularity is good; at the same time, the cross-polarization XPD < 20dB, the corresponding axial ratio AR < 1.8dB, and the wavewidth HPBW ≈ 57° indicate good circular polarization characteristics.

[0068] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0069] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-performance hybrid helical antenna, characterized in that, include: Planar spiral, cylindrical spiral, and spherical spiral; The diameter of the cylindrical helix is ​​equal to the center wavelength of the radiated wave, and the diameters of the planar helix and the spherical helix are both equal to the diameter of the cylindrical helix, and both the planar helix and the spherical helix are self-complementary structures; The planar spiral has six or more turns, the cylindrical spiral has five or more turns, and the spherical spiral has three or more turns. The planar spiral, the cylindrical spiral, and the spherical spiral each include two spiral arms that rotate 180 degrees around each other; the two spiral arms of the planar spiral are respectively connected to the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral through the two spiral arms of the cylindrical spiral, and the two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other; The power supply point is located at the center of the planar spiral.

2. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, All the spiral arms rotate in the same direction.

3. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, All spiral arms have the same arm width.

4. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spherical spiral has a hemispherical structure.

5. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The helix angle of the cylindrical helix ranges from 8 degrees to 15 degrees.

6. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The two spiral arms of the spherical spiral are connected to each other by a connecting segment, and the width of the connecting segment is greater than or equal to the width of the spiral arms of the spherical spiral.

7. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Also includes: floor; The floor is spirally spaced apart from the planar surface, and the edges of the floor have outwardly folded skirts.

8. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The floor has a barrel-shaped structure, the diameter of the floor is greater than or equal to twice the diameter of the planar spiral, and the height of the floor is equal to 0.15 to 0.25 times the center wavelength of the radiated wave.

9. The high-performance hybrid helical antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The planar spiral is an Archimedean spiral, a planar isoangular spiral, or a planar involute spiral.

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