Method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for page generation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for page generation, relating to the field of computer technologies, specifically to technical fields such as cloud service technologies and data transmission technologies. The specific implementation solution is as follows: An edge node obtains page request information of a specified page sent by a client; according to the page request information, obtains the page content of the specified page; wherein, the page content has an associated relationship with the page request information; assembles the specified page according to the page content, so as to output the assembled specified page to the client.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of computer technologies, specifically to technical fields such as cloud service technologies and data transmission technologies, and particularly relates to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for page generation. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of web application services and the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), in more and more text content interaction scenarios, the HTTP protocol is preferentially selected for information interaction. Among them, the web site service has the widest and richest application scenarios. A web site service is usually composed of multiple Internet Data Centers (IDCs) across regions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for page generation.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for page generation, which is applied to an edge node and includes:

[0005] Obtaining page request information of a specified page sent by a client;

[0006] Obtaining page content of the specified page according to the page request information; wherein, the page content has an association relationship with the page request information;

[0007] Assembling the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for page generation, which is arranged at an edge node and includes:

[0009] A request obtaining unit, configured to obtain page request information of a specified page sent by a client;

[0010] A content obtaining unit, configured to obtain page content of the specified page according to the page request information; wherein, the page content has an association relationship with the page request information;

[0011] A page output unit, configured to assemble the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client.

[0012] According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including:

[0013] At least one processor; and

[0014] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0015] The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is enabled to execute the methods of the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the methods of the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product including a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the methods of the aspects and any possible implementation manners as described above.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a page request information of a specified page sent by a client can be obtained through an edge node, and then, according to the page request information, page content of the specified page can be obtained. The page content has an association relationship with the page request information, so that the specified page can be assembled according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client. Since the page request information sent by the client can be directly processed through the edge node to assemble and generate the page content corresponding to the page request information, the response duration of page loading is shortened, and to a certain extent, the influence of the traditional web server on the service deployment efficiency is reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0019] It should be understood that the content described in this part is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings are used to better understand the solution and do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. Among them:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an edge node according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 4A schematic diagram of an application scenario of a method for generating a page according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 A block diagram of an electronic device for implementing the method for generating a page according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The following describes exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. Various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure are included to facilitate understanding, and they should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0028] Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present disclosure without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0029] It should be noted that the terminal devices involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, intelligent devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless handheld devices, and tablet computers (Tablet Computers); display devices may include, but are not limited to, devices with display functions such as personal computers and televisions.

[0030] In addition, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0031] With the popularization of web application services and the HTTP protocol, in more and more text content interaction scenarios, it is preferred to use the HTTP protocol for information interaction, and the web site service is the one with the widest and richest application scenarios.

[0032] Currently, during the process of page generation, when a web page is requested in a browser or other web container, an HTTP request is sent. After passing through Domain Name System (DNS) resolution and a series of load balancings, the request will land on a conventional centralized web server. Although web servers are usually composed of multiple IDCs across regions, they are still centralized conceptually in the system, and different IDCs carry different tasks, and there are redundant IDC designs for disaster recovery. Regardless of the country and region where the user is located, these requests will be forwarded to the same gateway, and then the gateway is responsible for forwarding the requests to the web servers in the downstream IDCs. Therefore, as the number of users and business scenarios continue to expand, the pressure borne by the web servers in the IDCs is increasing, and there may be a problem of too long response time, resulting in a poor user experience. Moreover, it cannot meet the flexible services for users in different regions and cannot achieve the goal of reducing the pressure on the central service without affecting the user waiting time.

[0033] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a method for page generation that can shorten the response time of page loading and improve the speed and reliability of page rendering and generation.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 1 shown.

[0035] 101. Obtain the page request information of the specified page sent by the client.

[0036] 102. According to the page request information, obtain the page content of the specified page; wherein, the page content has an associated relationship with the page request information.

[0037] 103. Assemble the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client.

[0038] It should be noted that steps 101 to 103 can be executed by an edge node.

[0039] It should be noted that the specified page may include a browser-based page opened by the user. In response to the user's operation of opening the specified page, the edge node can obtain the page request information of the specified page from the client.

[0040] It should be noted that part or all of the execution entities of 101 to 103 can be applications located on the terminal side, or can also be functional units such as plugins or software development kits (SDKs) set in the applications located on the terminal side, or can also be processing engines in network-side servers, or can also be distributed systems on the network side. For example, the processing engines or distributed systems in the page processing platform on the network side, etc. This embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0041] In this way, the edge node can obtain the page request information of the specified page sent by the client, and then, according to the page request information, obtain the page content of the specified page. The page content has an associated relationship with the page request information, so that the specified page can be assembled according to the page content and output to the client after assembly. Since the edge node can directly process the page request information sent by the client to assemble and generate the page content corresponding to the page request information, it reduces the impact of the traditional web server on the business deployment efficiency to a certain extent and shortens the response time of page loading, thus improving the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0042] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page request information may specifically include a container identifier, and the page content may specifically include first page content. In 102, the first page content may be specifically obtained according to the container identifier.

[0043] In this implementation manner, the container identifier can be used to identify the static information of the page. The container identifier may include the HTTP path information of the specified page.

[0044] In this implementation manner, the first page content, that is, the static information of the page, may include container style information and container content information.

[0045] Specifically, the container style information may include the static style information of the page. For example, the styles of areas such as titles and lists on the page.

[0046] Specifically, the container content information may include the static content information of the page. For example, the specific texts, pictures, and videos in areas such as titles and lists on the page.

[0047] In a specific implementation process of this implementation manner, in 103, the specified page may be specifically assembled according to the container style information and the container content information.

[0048] In this way, when the page request information includes a container identifier, the edge node can obtain the container style information and container content information of the first page content according to the container identifier, and then directly assemble the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0049] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, and the page content includes first page content and second page content. In 102, specifically, the first page content can be obtained according to the container identifier, and the second page content can be obtained according to at least one content block identifier, so as to obtain the page content according to the first page content and the second page content.

[0050] In this implementation manner, the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier. The container identifier can be used to identify the static information of the page. The container identifier can specifically include the HTTP path information of the specified page.

[0051] Specifically, the content block identifier, that is, the content fragment ID, can be used to identify the dynamic information of the page. The content block identifier can specifically include, but is not limited to, the block identifier ID, the user identifier ID, and the regional identifier ID, etc. For example, the content block identifier is 1.2.3, the block identifier ID is 1, the user identifier ID is 2, and the regional identifier ID is 3.

[0052] Specifically, a page can include at least one content block, and each content block includes the dynamic information of the page. Each content block has a corresponding content block identifier.

[0053] In this implementation manner, the page content includes first page content and second page content.

[0054] Specifically, the first page content can include container style information and container content information. The container style information can include the static style information of the page. For example, the styles of areas such as titles and lists in the page. The container content information can include the static content information of the page. For example, the container content information can include, but is not limited to, the specific text, pictures, and videos in areas such as titles and lists in the page.

[0055] Specifically, the second page content can include at least one content block information. The content block information can include the dynamic information of the page. For example, the content block information can include, but is not limited to, dynamic lists, user avatars, product information recommended to the user, etc. in the page.

[0056] In a specific implementation process of this implementation manner, in 103, specifically, the information of the obtained content blocks can be determined according to the acquisition situation of the second page content, and the specified page can be assembled according to the first page content and the information of the obtained content blocks.

[0057] In this specific implementation process, since multiple content block information is involved in each page and the loading time of different content block information is different, the acquisition situation of the second page content can include acquiring each content block information incrementally and directly acquiring all the content block information.

[0058] In one case of this specific implementation process, when the acquisition situation of the second page content is to acquire each content block information incrementally, the information of the obtained content blocks can be determined first, and then the specified page can be assembled according to the first page content and the information of the obtained content blocks, so as to send the assembled specified page to the client, and the content block information can be acquired incrementally, that is, the content block information that has not been acquired before is acquired, and the newly acquired content block information is sent to the client incrementally until the display of the entire specified page is completed.

[0059] Specifically, the newly acquired content block information can be sent to the client incrementally by using the response append mode of the HTTP protocol.

[0060] In another case of this specific implementation process, when the acquisition situation of the second page content is to directly acquire all the content block information, the specified page can be assembled according to the container style information and container content information in the first page content, and all the acquired content block information, and then the assembled page can be sent to the client.

[0061] In this way, when the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the edge node can acquire the first page content according to the container identifier, acquire the second page content including at least one content block information according to the at least one content block identifier, and then determine the information of the obtained content blocks according to the acquisition situation of the second page content, and assemble the specified page according to the first page content and the information of the obtained content blocks. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0062] Moreover, by continuously assembling the specified page according to the acquisition situation of the second page content, the response time for generating a complex page with more dynamic content information can be effectively shortened, thereby further improving the efficiency of page generation.

[0063] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, in 102, further according to the page request information, using a pre-configured index table, determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information, and according to the storage location, obtain the page content of the specified page.

[0064] In this implementation manner, the pre-configured index table may include the correspondence between the page request information and the storage location of the page content.

[0065] Specifically, the correspondence between different page contents and storage media may be pre-configured, that is, determine the storage location of the page content. At the same time, the correspondence between the page request information and the page content may also be pre-configured. Based on the above two correspondences, a pre-configured index table can be obtained.

[0066] In a specific implementation process of this implementation manner, the page request information includes a container identifier, and the page content includes a first page content. According to the container identifier, using the pre-configured index table, determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the container identifier, and according to the storage location, obtain the first page content, that is, the page content of the specified page.

[0067] In a specific implementation process of this implementation manner, the page request information includes a container identifier, and the page content includes a first page content. According to the container identifier, using the pre-configured index table, determine the storage location of the first page content corresponding to the container identifier, and according to the storage location, obtain the first page content.

[0068] Here, the first page content is the page content of the specified page. The first page content may specifically include static information of the page.

[0069] In this specific implementation process, the storage location of the first page content, that is, the static information of the page, may include but is not limited to the edge node local server and the cloud object storage server.

[0070] In another specific implementation process of this implementation manner, the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, and the page content includes a first page content and a second page content. According to the container identifier and at least one content block identifier, using the pre-configured index table, determine the storage location of the first page content corresponding to the container identifier and the storage location of the second page content corresponding to each content block identifier, and according to the storage location of the first page content, obtain the first page content, and according to the storage location of the second page content, obtain the second page content.

[0071] Here, the first page content and the second page content are the page contents of the specified page. The first page content may specifically include the static information of the page. The second page content may include the dynamic information of the page.

[0072] In this specific implementation process, the storage locations of the first page content may include, but are not limited to, the edge node local server and the cloud object storage server.

[0073] The storage locations of the second page content may include, but are not limited to, the cloud function server and the traditional web server.

[0074] In one case of this specific implementation process, the second page content includes content that changes irregularly but does not depend on a large amount of background data. The storage location of this type of content may be the cloud function server.

[0075] In another case of this specific implementation process, the second page content includes content that needs to depend on a large amount of background data. The storage location of this type of content may be the traditional web server.

[0076] In this way, the edge node can use the pre-configured index table to determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information, and then obtain the page content of the specified page according to the storage location, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of obtaining the page content, and thus further improve the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0077] It should be noted that the multiple specific implementation processes provided in the foregoing implementation manner can be combined with the multiple specific implementation processes of obtaining page content provided in this implementation manner to implement the method of page generation. For detailed descriptions, reference can be made to the relevant content in the foregoing implementation manner, which will not be elaborated here.

[0078] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, before 102, authentication processing can be further performed according to the preset permission rules and the page request information to obtain an authentication result; according to the authentication result, it is determined whether to obtain the page content of the specified page.

[0079] In the implementation manner, the preset permission rules may include the user level corresponding to the page content. The page content that can be viewed by users with different user levels is different.

[0080] In another specific implementation process of this implementation manner, according to the page request information, the user information of the user requesting to view this page is obtained, and then according to the preset permission rules, it is determined whether the user meets the user level for viewing the page content of this page. If so, it is determined that the page content of the specified page can be obtained, and subsequent operations are continued. If not, a rollback is performed and a prompt message is sent to the user, for example, prompting the user to log in or pay a reminder.

[0081] For example, the user levels can include super members and regular members. The page content shown to super members may be different from that shown to regular members. Some page content cannot be viewed by regular members and needs to be upgraded to super members to be viewed.

[0082] In this way, the edge node can determine the user's permissions based on the user level required for the requested page and the user's own level of the current page request, and provide the page content corresponding to the user's level for the user, realizing the provision of corresponding page content for users with different user levels, improving the pertinence and personalization of the page content service, and further improving the reliability of the generated page.

[0083] It should be noted that the various specific implementation processes provided in the foregoing implementation manner can be combined with the various specific implementation processes for determining whether to obtain page content provided in this implementation manner to implement the method of page generation. For a detailed description, reference can be made to the relevant content in the foregoing implementation manner, which will not be elaborated here.

[0084] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, in 101, specifically, the page request information of the specified page resolved by DNS can be obtained.

[0085] In this implementation manner, first, DNS can be used to resolve and process the page request information of the specified page sent by the client. Then, according to the spatio-temporal distance between the edge node and the client and the traffic pressure situation of the edge node, the page request information is sent to the corresponding edge node so that the edge node can obtain the page request information.

[0086] In this way, through the DNS resolution of the page request information, the page request can be sent to the edge node with the best spatio-temporal distance and traffic pressure, so as to facilitate the edge node to provide subsequent page generation services, thereby further improving the reliability and efficiency of page generation.

[0087] It can be understood that other existing methods can also be used to obtain page request information, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0088] It should be noted that the various specific implementation processes provided in the foregoing implementation manner can be combined with the method of obtaining the page request information of the specified page provided in this implementation manner to implement the method of page generation. For a detailed description, reference can be made to the relevant content in the foregoing implementation manner, which will not be elaborated here.

[0089] In this embodiment, the edge node can obtain the page request information of the specified page sent by the client, and then, according to the page request information, obtain the page content of the specified page. The page content has an associated relationship with the page request information, so that the specified page can be assembled according to the page content and output to the client after assembly. Since the edge node can directly process the page request information sent by the client to assemble and generate the page content corresponding to the page request information, to a certain extent, it reduces the impact of the traditional web server on the business deployment efficiency, shortens the response time of page loading, and thus improves the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0090] In addition, by adopting the technical solution provided in this embodiment, when the page request information includes a container identifier, the edge node can obtain the container style information and container content information of the first page content according to the container identifier, and then directly assemble the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0091] In addition, by adopting the technical solution provided in this embodiment, when the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the edge node can obtain the first page content according to the container identifier, obtain the second page content including at least one content block information according to at least one content block identifier, and then determine the obtained content block information according to the acquisition situation of the second page content, and assemble the specified page according to the first page content and the obtained content block information. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0092] Moreover, continuously assembling the specified page according to the acquisition situation of the second page content can effectively shorten the response time of generating a complex page with more dynamic content information, and thus further improve the efficiency of page generation.

[0093] In addition, by adopting the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the edge node can use the pre-configured index table to determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information, and then obtain the page content of the specified page according to the storage location, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of page content acquisition, and thus further improve the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0094] In addition, by adopting the technical solution provided by this embodiment, the edge node can determine the user's permissions based on the user level required by the requested page and the level of the user who currently requests the page, and provide the page content corresponding to the user's level for the user, realizing the provision of corresponding page content for users with different user levels, improving the pertinence and personalization of the page content service, and further improving the reliability of the generated page.

[0095] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 2 shown.

[0096] In this embodiment, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the edge node according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 3 shown, first, after the edge node 309 receives a page request, it can perform request authentication 301. If the requirements are met, it can execute content information acquisition 302. Specifically, it can obtain static content information from the cloud object storage service 304 through the cache service 303, and can continuously obtain dynamic content information, that is, content block information 307, from the cloud function service 305 and / or the web service 306. Then, assemble the content information 308, that is, assemble the page corresponding to the page request according to the obtained static content information and dynamic content information. Finally, send the assembled page to the client or the web container. If the result of the request authentication does not meet the requirements, a return operation can be executed, and a prompt message can be directly sent to the client.

[0097] In addition, it can be understood that, as Figure 3 shown, the edge node 309 can be set on the basis of the original traditional centralized web service 310.

[0098] Now, in combination with Figure 2 and 3 the method for generating a page in this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0099] 201. Obtain page request information.

[0100] In this implementation, the page request information may include, but is not limited to, the container identifier and at least one content block identifier.

[0101] Specifically, the number of information identifiers for a single page may be one or more. If it is one, the information identifier is the container identifier. If it is multiple, the information identifiers may be the container identifier and at least one content block identifier.

[0102] Here, the container identifier may be the HTTP path information of the currently requested page.

[0103] 202. Perform authentication processing based on the preset permission rules and page request information to determine whether to obtain the corresponding page content.

[0104] Specifically, if so, continue to execute 203; if not, execute the "fallback" logic and send a prompt message to the client to prompt the user of the client.

[0105] Specifically, different page contents can correspond to different user levels, and different user levels also mean different display contents. Therefore, the user identity can be judged according to the preset permission rules and the obtained page request information.

[0106] Exemplarily, when the page request information of the user is received at the edge node, a judgment is made based on the required user level of the requested page and the user level of the current page requester. If the requirements are met, the normal subsequent logic is executed; otherwise, the "fallback" logic is executed. For example, the user can be prompted to log in or reminded of payment.

[0107] 203. Obtain the static information of the page according to the container identifier in the page request information.

[0108] 204. Obtain the dynamic information of the page according to at least one content block identifier in the page request information, where the dynamic information of the page includes at least one content block information.

[0109] In this embodiment, the page content can be divided into two categories: one is the static content information that does not change frequently, that is, the static information of the page; the other is the block content information in a certain part of the page that changes frequently, that is, the dynamic information of the page.

[0110] Here, the static information of the page, that is, the first page content, can include container style information and container content information. The dynamic information of the page, that is, the second page content, can include at least one content block information. The content block information can also be called a content segment.

[0111] In this embodiment, on the one hand, the corresponding relationship between the information identifiers in the page request information, that is, the container identifier and at least one content block identifier, and the page content can be established in advance.

[0112] Specifically, during the development and compilation stage, establish the correspondence between the information identifier in the page request information and the page content, and mark this correspondence in a specified format, which may include but is not limited to JSON or XML. Then, serialize the correspondence into a specified configuration file and deploy it to the edge nodes. For page request information with stronger control granularity, the correspondence can be returned through other web services, application programming interfaces (APIs), such as cloud function services, cloud object storage services, traditional web services, etc., and then connect this interface with other configuration systems to achieve more convenient dynamicization and configuration.

[0113] In this embodiment, on the other hand, the correspondence between different page contents and storage media can be established in advance, that is, the storage locations corresponding to different page contents are pre-configured. The storage media can include cloud object storage servers, cloud function servers, static resource servers, web servers, etc.

[0114] Specifically, when establishing the correspondence between the content block information (content fragments) of the configured page content and the storage media, different storage media should be used for different page contents, because different page request information and languages correspond to different page contents. When the service bears a large number of existence requests, there will be a large number of page contents. For example, if N pages are borne and each page supports M languages, then N*M page contents need to be provided. This involves static content generation and dynamic content generation, and different strategies use different storage media.

[0115] Furthermore, when establishing the correspondence between the content fragments and the storage media, static generation (Static Site Generator, SSG) and dynamic generation (Dynamic Site Generator, DSG) can be selected. Among them, static generation can use the cloud object storage service to obtain the corresponding static content in the edge nodes, which is usually applicable to pages with unchanged content. Dynamic generation can use the cloud function service to dynamically generate content fragments in the cloud function, which is usually applicable to pages with content that changes irregularly but does not depend on a large amount of background data. If a page that depends on a large amount of background data is needed, a conventional web service needs to be used.

[0116] It can be understood that because web services and background data are usually more closely integrated or lightweight, conventional web services can be used for pages that need to rely on a large amount of background data. In addition, the cloud function service can also achieve this function. However, due to the need to connect and provide the network foundation for the background data service, a large amount of infrastructure construction may be required, and the relative cost is relatively high.

[0117] Specifically, according to the correspondence between the container identifier in the page request information and the static information of the page, the page content corresponding to the container identifier, that is, the static information of the corresponding page, can be obtained from the cloud object storage server and / or the local server of the edge node.

[0118] In this embodiment, specifically, according to the correspondence between each content block identifier in the page request information and the dynamic information of the page, the page content corresponding to the content block identifier, that is, the dynamic information of the corresponding page, can be obtained from the cloud function server and / or the traditional web server.

[0119] In addition, it can be understood that, on the one hand, for content information such as statically generated content that does not change frequently, the edge node can cache this static information for subsequent requests, thereby reducing service pressure and shortening the response time. On the other hand, caching is not applicable to dynamically generated content block information because this content block information is assembled in the cloud function service and the web service according to the user data of each different requesting user, is affected by dynamic changes in the user dimension, and may involve the personal information of the user, and the edge node will not perform caching processing.

[0120] 205. Assemble the page based on the static information of the page and the obtained content block information, and send the assembled page to the client.

[0121] Specifically, determine the obtained content block information according to the acquisition situation of the dynamic information of the page; 206. Continuously obtain the content block information that has not been obtained.

[0122] 207. Append and send the newly obtained content block information to the client so that the client can display the complete page content.

[0123] In this embodiment, the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier. According to the correspondence between the container identifier in the page request information and the static information of the page, the page content corresponding to the container identifier, that is, the static information of the corresponding page, can be obtained from the cloud object storage server and / or the local server of the edge node. After assembly, the page with partial page content can be sent to the client, but the HTTP connection is not closed. Continue to obtain the page content corresponding to the content block identifier from the cloud function server and / or the web server according to the correspondence between each content block identifier in the page request information and the dynamic information of the page, and use the response append feature of the HTTP protocol to append each content block information to the response until all content block information is obtained, and then the HTTP connection response can be closed. In this way, the response time of the page that depends on the background data in the complex page can be effectively shortened.

[0124] Exemplarily, if there is a container identifier and multiple content block identifiers in the page request information, that is, the HTTP path information and content fragment IDs of the currently requested page, the static information of the page corresponding to the HTTP path information is preferentially obtained, which can also be called the "page content container" and immediately returned to the upstream client, but the response is not closed. At this time, the client can receive the returned page content and render and display it normally. When the block content fragments corresponding to the remaining block content fragment IDs are returned, they are continuously appended after the response of the "page content container" is sent. If there are n fragment IDs, they are appended n times. When all the block content fragments are appended, the response is closed and ended. At this time, the client / web container will successively receive the block content fragments and finally display the complete page content.

[0125] In addition, if there is only one container identifier in the page request information, that is, the HTTP path information of the currently requested page, the page content obtained and assembled can be directly returned to the upstream client and the response is closed and ended.

[0126] In this embodiment, through the correspondence between the identifier information in the page request information and the page content, the loading and assembly of the page content can be completed. After executing the above series of operation steps, the complete page content can be returned to the client or web container through the response.

[0127] In this embodiment, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the page generation method according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 4 shown. This application scenario includes a client 401, an edge node 402, a cloud object storage service / server 403, a cloud function service / server 404, a web service / server 405, a static resource service / server 406, a DNS 407, and a gateway 408. The cloud service 409 can include the edge node 402, the cloud object storage service 403, and the cloud function service 404. Among them, the edge node 402 can be used to execute the page generation method in this embodiment. It can be understood that the edge node 402 can be set on the basis of the existing web service.

[0128] Now, in combination with Figure 4 and the actual application scenario, the page generation method in this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0129] Specifically, in the actual application scenario, the domain name (Domain) information configuration specification name (cname) of the actual business service can be configured to the DNS 407 server controllable by the cloud service provider or the business party. As Figure 4As shown, after the user sends a page request from the client 401 or the web container, first, the page request information can pass through the specified DNS 407 server, which will screen out the edge node 402 that is the closest, has the least traffic pressure, and has the relatively highest weight based on the region where the requesting user is located. Then, all page requests and responses of the user can be processed by this edge node 402, that is, this edge node 402 executes the page generation method in this embodiment.

[0130] It can be understood that this edge node 402 can be a lightweight web service. It can be allowed to run simple logic operations and can provide APIs for the user to call. These edge nodes 402 usually provide a runtime. The user can only write logic within this runtime. For security considerations, there is a sandbox mechanism in this runtime, which can restrict the logic segments executed within it in many aspects, including but not limited to APIs, storage, network, etc.

[0131] For example, cloudflare Workers and Edge.js of Smart Cloud both provide edge node 402 services that host JavaScript runtimes. Among them, cloudflare Workers provides a runtime with the V8 JavaScript engine, while Edge.js of Smart Cloud provides a JavaScript runtime plugin extended on Nginx. Different hosting methods result in some differences between them, but the main ideas are the same.

[0132] Specifically, after the page request sent by the user passes through DNS resolution, it can be forwarded to the edge node 402 with the best spatio-temporal distance and traffic pressure. Different runtimes are provided on the edge node 402 for the user to execute custom logic on it. In the custom logic, the page request sent by the user is received and parsed to obtain all the information identifiers of the page request, that is, the container identifier and the content block identifier. The specific page content information can be obtained from the corresponding storage medium according to the information identifiers of the page request.

[0133] Furthermore, the runtime in the edge node 402 can assemble the content block information (content fragments) obtained according to the information identifiers through different strategies. After the assembly is completed, a complete page content information is formed, and finally the completed content is responded to the client 401 or the web container to achieve the processing, rendering, and preview display of the page.

[0134] In addition, during the content compilation stage or when processing requests, the correspondence between the unique page identifier and the page content can be configured and stored in a file of structured content such as JSON or XML. During the compilation stage, the statically generated correspondence is executed, serialized into a file, and the relationship file is deployed to the edge node 402 and the cloud service 409 through continuous integration or static file upload. In this way, when the edge node 402 requests the statically generated page content information, it can automatically resolve to the corresponding content and its storage medium.

[0135] In addition, in this embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the cloud service 409 may specifically include the following basic functions:

[0136] (1) Cloudflare Workers and Smart Cloud Edge.js are both responsible for providing services to the edge node 402. All decentralized rendering logics are executed in this runtime.

[0137] (2) Cloudflare R2 and Smart Cloud Object Storage (Baidu Object Storage, BOS) are responsible for storing content information such as statically generated page content and static resources.

[0138] (3) Cloudflare Workers and Smart Cloud Function Compute (CFC) provide a complete original function, responsible for executing function logic in the edge node 402, and dynamically generating according to the content block information required by the page.

[0139] (4) The cache object in Cloudflare Workers is responsible for caching the statically generated content, improving the response time, and reducing the service pressure. The cache object is called in the fetch event in Workers to handle the cache and respond.

[0140] In addition, in this embodiment, the page request information can also be dynamically distributed to different edge nodes 402 according to the different regions where the users are located. Custom logic is executed in the JavaScript runtime of the edge node 402.

[0141] Specifically, loading the content corresponding to the region where the user is located can implement the function of displaying different contents in different regions. Cloud service providers can provide the ability to operate independently in different regions (regions), and customize the logic through the deployment of regions within different regions to achieve this function.

[0142] For example, user A displays function a' within the edge node 402 corresponding to a Region. If the area where user B is located is not within this Region, then function a' will not be supported when user B requests page services. Such a service method is more flexible compared to traditional centralized web services.

[0143] It can be understood that the page generation method in this embodiment is also applicable to embedded pages in mobile devices such as mobile phones. The functions of the edge nodes can also be migrated to the webview containers of mobile devices. The systems of mobile devices can include, but are not limited to, webview containers such as Android and IOS.

[0144] By adopting the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the edge node that is closest to the region where the request is sent or has the best traffic load can be parsed according to the page request sent by the user, and the request can be forwarded to this edge node in the manner of the fourth-layer load balancing (network layer). The edge nodes can be a large number of network nodes provided by cloud service providers all over the world, so there are generally any number of edge nodes. Page requests will be loaded onto different edge nodes according to different conditions, so there is no traditional central service to bear the view rendering and generation service of the page. After the edge node receives the request forwarded from the upstream, it obtains and assembles the page content required by the page request from the cloud object storage server / cloud function server / traditional central rendering web server through caching or proxy services. Among them, issues such as request authentication and page resource processing involved in the page assembly process are all processed by the edge node. After completion of the assembly, the assembled page content is returned to the user's client again through the edge node and the rendering and preview are completed, thus completing the view rendering and generation process of the decentralized page. Therefore, by parsing and sending page requests to different edge nodes, encapsulating the basic functions of page authentication, resource, and content assembly, and dynamically obtaining the required content from the object storage service and cloud function service according to the request, the effect of decentralizing page rendering and generation is achieved. The processing of page content can be unrestricted by traditional web servers, achieving service discretization and fine-grained control of content for a specified region, and maximizing the page rendering and generation speed and performance.

[0145] Moreover, by adopting the technical solution of this solution, due to the increasingly rich application scenarios of cloud services, the guarantee of stability, and the improvement of support, it is considered to fully utilize the edge nodes of cloud services distributed in various countries and regions around the world to replace traditional web services in the conventional sense, enabling different users to select the nearest or least traffic-pressure edge node to host the user, process the user request on the edge node, and form a web service mode without a central point on this basis. While retaining the functions of traditional centralized web services, it realizes customized functions for users in different regions. Moreover, due to factors such as time and space distance, the request latency and experience of users are greatly optimized, and the construction and bandwidth costs of conventional IDCs can also be reduced, the development and deployment efficiency of web applications can be improved, and cost reduction and efficiency increase are maximally achieved.

[0146] It should be noted that for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should know that the present disclosure is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present disclosure, certain steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present disclosure.

[0147] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0148] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure, as Figure 5 shown. The page generation device 500 of this embodiment may include a request acquisition unit 501, a content acquisition unit 502, and a page output unit 503. Among them, the request acquisition unit 501 is used to acquire the page request information of the specified page sent by the client; the content acquisition unit 502 is used to acquire the page content of the specified page according to the page request information, where the page content has an associated relationship with the page request information; the page output unit is used to assemble the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client. The page generation device 500 can be set on the edge node.

[0149] It should be noted that part or all of the device for generating a page in this embodiment may also be an application located in a terminal, or may also be a plug-in or software development kit (SDK) and other functional units provided in the application located in the terminal, or may also be a processing engine in a network-side server, or may also be a distributed system located on the network side. For example, the processing engine or distributed system in the page processing platform on the network side, etc. This embodiment does not make special limitations on this.

[0150] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page request information includes a container identifier, the page content includes first page content, and the content acquisition unit may specifically be used to acquire the first page content according to the container identifier, where the first page content includes container style information and container content information.

[0151] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page output unit 503 may specifically be used to assemble the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information.

[0152] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the page content includes first page content and second page content, and the content acquisition unit 502 may further be used to acquire the first page content according to the container identifier; acquire the second page content according to at least one of the content block identifiers; where the second page content includes at least one content block information.

[0153] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the page output unit 503 may further be used to determine the acquired content block information according to the acquisition situation of the second page content; assemble the specified page according to the first page content and the acquired content block information.

[0154] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the content acquisition unit 502 may further be used to determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information by using a pre-configured index table according to the page request information; acquire the page content of the specified page according to the storage location.

[0155] Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of this embodiment, the content acquisition unit 502 may further be used to perform an authentication process according to a preset permission rule and the page request information to obtain an authentication result, and then may determine whether to acquire the page content of the specified page according to the authentication result.

[0156] In this embodiment, the page request information of the specified page sent by the client is obtained through the request acquisition unit, and then the content acquisition unit can be used to obtain the page content of the specified page according to the page request information. Among them, the page content has an association relationship with the page request information, so that the page output unit can assemble the specified page according to the page content and output the assembled specified page to the client. Since the page request information sent by the client can be directly processed by the edge node to assemble and generate the page content corresponding to the page request information, the response time of page loading is shortened, and to a certain extent, the impact of the traditional web server on the business deployment efficiency is reduced, thus improving the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0157] In addition, when the page request information includes a container identifier, the edge node can obtain the container style information and container content information of the first page content according to the container identifier, and then directly assemble the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0158] In addition, when the page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the edge node can obtain the first page content according to the container identifier, obtain the second page content including at least one content block information according to the at least one content block identifier, and then determine the obtained content block information according to the acquisition situation of the second page content. The specified page is assembled according to the first page content and the obtained content block information. Since the specified page can be assembled and generated according to the specific situation of the information identifier in the page request information, the efficiency and reliability of page generation are further improved.

[0159] Moreover, by continuously assembling the specified page according to the acquisition situation of the second page content, the response time of generating a complex page with more dynamic content information can be effectively shortened, thus further improving the efficiency of page generation.

[0160] In addition, when the technical solution provided in this embodiment is adopted, the edge node can use the pre-configured index table to determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information, and then obtain the page content of the specified page according to the storage location, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of page content acquisition, thus further improving the efficiency and reliability of page generation.

[0161] In addition, by adopting the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the edge node can determine the user's permissions based on the user level required by the requested page and the level of the user who is currently requesting the page, and provide the page content corresponding to the user's level for the user, thereby realizing the provision of corresponding page content for users with different user levels, improving the pertinence and personalization of the page content service, and further enhancing the reliability of the generated page.

[0162] In the technical solution of the present disclosure, the acquisition of user personal information, such as the user's configuration information, etc., storage and application, etc., all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good customs.

[0163] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0164] Figure 6 FIG. shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic device 600 that can be used to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as, for example, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a workbench, a personal digital assistant, a server, a blade server, a mainframe computer, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as, for example, a personal digital processor, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wearable device, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0165] As Figure 6 shown, the electronic device 600 includes a computing unit 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 602 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 608 into the random access memory (RAM) 603. In the RAM 603, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 600 can also be stored. The computing unit 601, the ROM 602, and the RAM 603 are connected to each other through a bus 604. The input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0166] A plurality of components in the electronic device 600 are connected to the I / O interface 605, including: an input unit 606, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 607, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 608, such as a disk, an optical disc, etc.; and a communication unit 609, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 609 allows the electronic device 600 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0167] The computing unit 601 can be various general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 601 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 601 executes the various methods and processes described above, such as the method of page generation. For example, in some embodiments, the method of page generation can be implemented as a computer software program tangibly embodied in a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 608. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto the electronic device 600 via the ROM 602 and / or the communication unit 609. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 603 and executed by the computing unit 601, one or more steps of the method of page generation described above can be executed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 601 can be configured to execute the method of page generation by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0168] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), application-specific standard products (ASSP), systems-on-a-chip (SOC), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments can include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, and can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit the data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0169] The program code for implementing the methods of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when the program codes are executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, executed partially on the machine as an independent software package and partially on a remote machine, or executed entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0170] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0171] To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can also be used to provide for interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic, speech, or tactile input).

[0172] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which the user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0173] A computer system can include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server incorporating a blockchain.

[0174] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added or deleted. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and no limitations are imposed herein.

[0175] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub - combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for page generation, applied to an edge node, comprising: Obtaining page request information of a specified page sent by a client, where the page request information includes a container identifier; Obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the page request information; wherein, the page content has an association relationship with the page request information, and the page content includes first page content; Assembling the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client; The obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the page request information includes: Obtaining the first page content according to the container identifier, where the container identifier includes the HTTP path information of the specified page, and wherein the first page content includes container style information and container content information; The assembling the specified page according to the page content includes: Assembling the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the page content includes first page content and second page content, and the obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the page request information includes: Obtaining the first page content according to the container identifier; Obtaining the second page content according to at least one of the content block identifiers; wherein, the second page content includes at least one content block information.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The assembling the specified page according to the page content includes: Determining the obtained content block information according to the obtaining situation of the second page content; Assembling the specified page according to the first page content and the obtained content block information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the page request information further includes: Determining the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information according to the page request information by using a pre-configured index table; Obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the storage location.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein Before the obtaining the page content of the specified page according to the page request information, further includes: Performing an authentication process according to a preset permission rule and the page request information to obtain an authentication result; Determining whether to obtain the page content of the specified page according to the authentication result.

6. A page generation device, disposed in an edge node, comprising: A request obtaining unit, configured to obtain page request information of a specified page sent by a client, where the page request information includes a container identifier; A content obtaining unit, configured to obtain the page content of the specified page according to the page request information; wherein, the page content has an association relationship with the page request information, and the page content includes first page content; A page output unit, configured to assemble the specified page according to the page content to output the assembled specified page to the client; When the content obtaining unit obtains the page content of the specified page according to the page request information, it specifically performs: Obtain the first page content according to the container identifier, where the container identifier includes the HTTP path information of the specified page, and the first page content includes container style information and container content information; When assembling the specified page according to the page content, the page output unit specifically performs: Assemble the specified page according to the container style information and the container content information.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The page request information includes a container identifier and at least one content block identifier, the page content includes first page content and second page content, and the content acquisition unit is further configured to: Obtain the first page content according to the container identifier; Obtain the second page content according to at least one of the content block identifiers; where the second page content includes at least one content block information.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein The page output unit is further configured to: Determine the obtained content block information according to the acquisition situation of the second page content; Assemble the specified page according to the first page content and the obtained content block information.

9. The device according to any one of claims 6 - 8, wherein The content acquisition unit is further configured to: Determine the storage location of the page content corresponding to the page request information according to the page request information and a pre-configured index table; Obtain the page content of the specified page according to the storage location.

10. The device according to any one of claims 6 - 9, wherein, The content acquisition unit is further configured to: Perform an authentication process according to a preset permission rule and the page request information to obtain an authentication result; Determine whether to obtain the page content of the specified page according to the authentication result.

11. An electronic device, comprising: At least one processor; And A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; where The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

13. A computer program product, comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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