A water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station and its operation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station and its operating method, which belongs to the technical field related to energy storage battery fire protection. The system is used to implement PACK-level water fire protection in an energy storage power station after a battery thermal runaway occurs. It includes: a fire control host, a data relay module, a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for separately monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic of each battery box, and a water fire extinguishing subsystem. The water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a water storage tank for storing water or a water-based fire extinguishing agent. The water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station and is used to achieve full flooding of the battery box with water to achieve rapid fire extinguishing. The present invention uses water as a fire extinguishing suppressant to spray directly into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, directly acting on the thermal runaway battery, achieving full flooding PACK-level water fire protection and rapid fire extinguishing, and completely solving the problems of cooling and secondary re-ignition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to energy storage battery fire protection, and more specifically, to a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station and an operating method of the water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station. Background Art

[0002] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a control topology diagram of the fire prevention and control system widely used in energy storage power stations in the existing technology.

[0003] At present, the fire protection of energy storage power stations is mainly classified by inhibitors into perfluorohexanone devices, heptafluoropropane devices, aerosol devices, fine water mist devices and dry powder devices. The fire protection solutions promoted by domestic lithium battery fire protection manufacturers are mainly heptafluoropropane devices or perfluorohexanone devices. Fire prevention and control systems independent of the station control system are widely used. The fire protection design and architecture generally include combustible gas monitoring modules, data relay modules, fire control hosts, fire display modules, fire pipeline components, fire pump groups, fire extinguishing inhibitors, sound and light alarms, explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans and electric shutters, etc. Its control topology is shown in the following figure. Figure 1 shown.

[0004] The fire prevention and control systems widely used in energy storage power plants usually adopt a distributed three-level fire controller architecture, which includes three levels of combustible gas monitoring modules, data relay modules and fire control hosts, and the three are connected and interact with each other via the CAN bus.

[0005] The combustible gas monitoring module, located at the lowest level of the control domain, monitors the lithium battery for early signs of thermal runaway, such as temperature and smoke fluctuations, characteristic gases, and electrolyte leakage, caused by internal short circuits, overcharge, over-discharge, and external short circuits. It then uploads this data to the data relay module via the CAN bus in real time. Depending on the protection design level, the combustible gas monitoring module can be placed in the battery box (pack-level water fire protection), the battery cabinet (cluster-level fire protection), or the battery compartment (space-level fire protection).

[0006] The data relay module, located in the middle layer of the control domain, collects data uploaded by the combustible gas monitoring modules and packages it for transmission to the fire control host. Typically placed on a battery cluster, the data relay module manages all combustible gas monitoring modules within the cluster. It also controls the opening and closing of solenoid valves and outputs fire alarm linkage signals.

[0007] The fire control host is located at the top of the control domain and is a decision-making and executive agency. It controls the solenoid valve switch and fire pump group, opens and closes the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan, and determines whether to output a fire warning signal or execute a fire sprinkler action by summarizing the data information reported by the lower-level data relay module and combining the start-stop switch signal, manual alarm signal, etc.

[0008] The fire prevention and control system also includes auxiliary equipment such as a fire display module, fire piping assembly, and audible and visual alarms. The fire display module displays various fire data and status indicators, including combustible gas content and concentration, smoke and temperature sensor information, ball valve status, fire warning and sprinkler information, and allows for setting various fire thresholds and control variables. The fire piping assembly is the channel through which the fire suppressant flows, consisting of main and branch pipes and various valves. The fire pump unit powers the flow and injection of the suppressant, typically powered by single-phase or three-phase AC mains electricity, with the power supply depending on the designed flow rate and maximum head of the suppressant. The explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters work together to extract combustible gases from the battery compartment, diluting the concentration and preventing explosions. The audible and visual alarm, typically located outside the compartment and linked to the fire control host, automatically activates upon a fire and emits a strong audible and visual alarm signal, alerting personnel to the fire and prompting them to evacuate quickly.

[0009] An analysis of the structure of typical fire prevention and control systems in existing technologies shows that energy storage power station fire prevention and control systems mainly use heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as fire extinguishing inhibitors, which has the following two disadvantages:

[0010] First, based on the electrochemical mechanism of thermal runaway in lithium batteries, while HFC-227ea or perfluorohexanone can extinguish open flames, it's difficult to achieve sustained cooling and chemical suppression over a long period of time. Because the electrochemical reaction within the battery continues, without sustained cooling and the spread of thermal runaway, the battery temperature will rise again and reignite. Furthermore, HFC-227ea and perfluorohexanone begin to decompose at temperatures above 550°C, producing corrosive and toxic decomposition products. They cannot be used in situations where combustible materials generate high temperatures. Not only are they ineffective in extinguishing fires, the toxic products they produce can also cause significant harm to the environment and personnel. Furthermore, HFC-227ea and perfluorohexanone are expensive, and if a system release occurs, refilling is expensive.

[0011] Secondly, the construction of firefighting facilities in energy storage power stations is primarily based on traditional firefighting facilities. Traditional firefighting systems have always operated as independent systems, without effective linkage to the operating parameters of the battery management system (BMS). As a result, the fire prevention and control system cannot promptly disconnect the high-voltage electrical switches in the battery cluster and battery compartment during fire warnings and sprinkler activation, which is very likely to cause secondary electrical fires and pose a serious threat. Furthermore, the combustible gas monitoring module obtains "temperature," a key characteristic parameter used in thermal runaway determination, from the module's internal temperature detector, rather than the actual battery temperature. If a fire first occurs in a battery far from the temperature detector, the temperature detector will not be able to detect the temperature change in time, resulting in a delayed temperature sensing response and hindering the identification of incipient fires.

[0012] In summary, how to design and provide a water fire extinguishing system suitable for energy storage power stations to achieve full flooding, PACK-level water fire fighting and rapid fire extinguishing, and completely solve the problem of secondary reignition of batteries has become an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0014] The present invention provides a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which is used to implement PACK-level water fire fighting after battery thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage power station.

[0015] In the present invention, the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station includes:

[0016] Fire control host;

[0017] A data relay module communicatively connected to the fire control host;

[0018] A PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for individually monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic of each battery box, the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module being communicatively connected to the data relay module and configured to send the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module;

[0019] A water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a water tank for storing water or water-based fire extinguishing agent and a fire pipe assembly connected to the water tank and individually arranged for each battery box. The fire pipe assembly is connected to the fire control host control. The water tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station and is used to achieve full water coverage of the battery box to achieve rapid fire extinguishing.

[0020] Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, the energy storage power station includes a battery management system and a fire control system, the battery management system includes a general controller, a master controller and a slave controller, and the fire control system includes the fire control host, the data relay module and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module; the slave controller is arranged in each battery box, the slave controller is communicated with the master controller, the master controller is communicated with the general controller, and a first vertical communication connection relationship is formed; the fire control host is communicated with the data relay module, the data relay module is communicated with the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module, and a second vertical communication connection relationship is formed; the fire control host is communicated with the master controller to form a stack-level management horizontal communication connection relationship, the data relay module is communicated with the master controller to form a cluster-level management horizontal communication connection relationship, and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module is communicated with the slave controller to form a PACK-level management horizontal communication connection relationship.

[0021] Preferably, in the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, a high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery box circuit is provided in each of the battery boxes, and the high-voltage relay is a first high-voltage relay; the main controller is controlled and connected to the first high-voltage relay, and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the first high-voltage relay.

[0022] Preferably, in the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, a plurality of battery boxes are provided, and the plurality of battery boxes are connected in series to form a battery cluster; a high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery cluster circuit is provided on the upper layer of the battery box, and the high-voltage relay is a second high-voltage relay; the main controller is controlled and connected to the second high-voltage relay, and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the second high-voltage relay.

[0023] Preferably, in the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, the energy storage power station is provided with ventilation windows, controllable shutters are provided on the ventilation windows, and explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans are also provided on the ventilation windows; the controllable shutters and the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans are control-connected to the fire control host.

[0024] Preferably, the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention further includes a fire display module for displaying current energy storage power station fire information; the fire display module is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0025] Preferably, the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention further includes an audible and visual alarm for fire alarm; the audible and visual alarm is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0026] Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, the water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a fire water pump connected to the water storage tank and the fire pipe assembly, the water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station, the fire pipe assembly is connected to the water storage tank through a water supply branch pipe, and a fire solenoid valve is arranged on the water supply branch pipe; the fire water pump and the fire solenoid valve are controlled and connected to the fire control host.

[0027] The present invention also provides an operating method of a water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station, the operating method of the water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station comprising:

[0028] Step 1: Use the pack-level combustible gas monitoring module to monitor thermal runaway of each battery box;

[0029] Step 2: The fire control host performs data processing on the thermal runaway monitoring parameters;

[0030] Step 3: Perform smoke exhaust ventilation control and water spray fire extinguishing control on the energy storage power station based on the data processing results.

[0031] Preferably, in the operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, in the step one, the slave controller set in the battery box obtains the current voltage, temperature and operating parameters of the battery in the battery box and uploads them to the main controller; in the step two, the main controller performs data exchange, and the thermal runaway monitoring parameters are exchanged by the data relay module; in the step three, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm, smoke exhaust ventilation is first performed. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters return to normal, the smoke exhaust ventilation is stopped. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters continue to be abnormal, the smoke exhaust ventilation is turned off, and targeted battery box water fire extinguishing is performed.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The present invention provides a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which is used to implement PACK-level water fire extinguishing after battery thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage power station. In the present invention, the water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station includes: a fire control host; a data relay module communicatively connected to the fire control host; a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for individually monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic quantity of each battery box, the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module being communicatively connected to the data relay module and configured to send the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module; and a water fire extinguishing subsystem using municipal tap water as a fire water source, the water fire extinguishing subsystem including a fire pipe assembly individually provided corresponding to each battery box, the fire pipe assembly being control-connected to the fire control host. In addition, the present invention also provides an operation method of a water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station, in which: the present invention uses a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module to detect in real time early characteristics such as temperature, smoke changes, characteristic gases, and electrolyte leakage caused by thermal runaway of the battery pack, and uploads the monitored characteristic data to the data relay module. At the same time, the slave controller (BMU) collects data such as the voltage, temperature, and operating parameters of the battery pack in real time, and can upload these data to the main controller (BCU); the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module exchanges data with the slave controller, the data relay module exchanges data with the main controller, and the fire control host exchanges data with the main controller. The fire control host summarizes the data and conducts a comprehensive assessment of the progress of battery thermal runaway; if the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the changes in smoke and temperature trigger the fire warning threshold, the fire control host starts the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and opens the electric blinds at the same time. , quickly discharge the flammable gas in the battery compartment to reduce the risk of explosion; if the battery thermal runaway characteristic parameters and smoke temperature changes return to normal, the fire control host turns off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and the electric shutters at the same time; if the battery thermal runaway characteristic parameters and smoke temperature changes continue to increase and trigger the fire sprinkler threshold (the threshold is set in two stages, one stage is to trigger the fire warning, and the other stage is to trigger the fire sprinkler), the fire control host turns off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and the electric shutters, and the main controller is linked to disconnect the high-voltage relay (the first high-voltage relay) built into each battery box, and the main controller is linked to disconnect the high-voltage relay (the second high-voltage relay) on the battery cluster, open the solenoid valve switch on the fire pipeline, start the fire pump group, execute the fire sprinkler action, inject fire water into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, complete the full immersion water fire fighting, and turn on the sound and light alarm to sound the fire alarm.

[0034] Through the above-mentioned structural design, the present invention addresses the two major drawbacks of the fire prevention and control systems currently widely used in energy storage power stations, which use heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as fire extinguishing inhibitors, namely, the possibility of secondary reignition after fire extinguishing, the inability to completely block the spread of thermal runaway, and the inability to form an effective linkage with the battery management system. A water firefighting system and method for energy storage power stations are proposed. By using water as a fire extinguishing inhibitor and spraying it directly into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, it directly acts on the thermal runaway batteries, achieving full flooding, PACK-level water firefighting and rapid fire extinguishing, and completely solving the cooling and secondary reignition problems. At the same time, the BMS is incorporated into the fire linkage control. The fire prevention and control system does not operate independently as an independent fire control system. The originally independent three-level fire controller architecture and the original independent three-level BMS architecture are managed according to the PACK level, cluster level, and stack level of the energy storage battery system. Vertical communication and horizontal communication connection relationships are established between each other in turn, and data interaction and control are carried out in real time. When the battery thermal runaway triggers a fire warning or fire sprinkler action, the linkage control BMS disconnects the high-voltage relay in the battery box and the high-voltage relay in the high-voltage box in advance, eliminating the secondary electrical fire problem that may be caused by the injection of fire water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a control topology diagram of the fire prevention and control system widely used in energy storage power stations in the existing technology.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a control topology diagram of the water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a communication connection topology diagram of the water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an operating method of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention encompasses such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 ,in, Figure 2 This is a control topology diagram of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a communication connection topology diagram of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an operating method of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

[0042] In this invention, municipal tap water is used as a fire suppressant, sprayed directly into the battery compartment experiencing thermal runaway, directly targeting the thermally runaway batteries. This achieves full-flood, pack-level water firefighting and rapid fire extinguishing, completely resolving the issues of cooling and secondary reignition. However, using ordinary tap water as a fire suppressant presents a technical difficulty: the voltage level of energy storage battery systems can reach up to thousands of volts. High-voltage electrical switches in battery systems are typically located in the high-voltage distribution unit (PDU) attached to the battery cluster. BMS-linked control can only disconnect the cluster-level high-voltage electrical switches, while pack-level battery compartments lack high-voltage electrical switches, making it impossible to disconnect the high-voltage electrical connections between battery compartments. Battery compartment voltage levels remain as high as thousands of volts. Such high voltage levels can cause high-voltage electrical short circuits and insulation leakage when firefighting water is injected into the battery compartment, potentially triggering secondary electrical fires and further expanding and spreading the fire outbreak. This requires significant attention. Avoiding these high-voltage electrical short circuits and insulation leakage in water-based firefighting solutions is another technical challenge addressed by this invention.

[0043] Section 5.7.4.5 of the local standard "DB11 / T 1893-2021 Specifications for the Construction and Operation of Electric Energy Storage Systems" clearly states: For containerized energy storage systems with fire hazards of Class A or B, the battery area should be equipped with fire pump connectors and immersion water cooling devices to ensure that the energy storage unit or battery unit is submerged for no more than 10 minutes. Distributed energy storage devices with a single rated energy of no more than 500kWh should use immersion water cooling devices. Furthermore, Section 8.2 of the industry standard "CCCF / XFJJ-01 General Technical Requirements for Fire Prevention and Control Devices for Lithium-ion Power Battery Packs for Electric Buses" clearly stipulates that fire prevention and control devices must extinguish open flames within 90 seconds of the start of suppression medium spraying, and there should be no re-ignition within 30 minutes after the open flame is extinguished.

[0044] Based on this, compared to existing technologies, the present invention proposes a water-based fire extinguishing system for energy storage power stations. This system abandons the use of heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as a fire suppressant. Instead, it uses readily available and inexpensive municipal tap water as a fire suppressant, spraying it directly into the battery compartment experiencing thermal runaway. This fully submerges the battery compartment, rapidly extinguishing the fire and effectively addressing cooling and secondary re-ignition issues. Furthermore, the use of ordinary tap water as the suppressant complies with relevant fire regulations.

[0045] However, the water-based firefighting solution proposed in this invention differs from Section 5.7.4.5 of the local standard "DB11 / T 1893-2021 Specification for the Construction and Operation of Electric Energy Storage Systems," which calls for installing DN150 / DN100 / DN65 fire hydrant interfaces and fire pump connectors outside the container to connect rescue fire trucks to outdoor fire hydrants. This standard stipulates that when a fire has already spread or is likely to continue to spread, a large dose of fire water is injected into the container to effectively prevent further expansion. The water-based firefighting solution proposed in this invention implements pack-level water firefighting, rather than space-level water firefighting. Specifically, in the present invention, a water tank is installed inside the energy storage power station to store municipal tap water or water-based fire extinguishing agents. When a battery box experiences thermal runaway, firefighting water can be promptly sprayed into the battery box experiencing thermal runaway, achieving targeted fire extinguishing of the battery box and preventing the thermal runaway from spreading to other adjacent battery boxes. PACK-level water firefighting is also intended to prevent the entire compartment of batteries from being scrapped due to flooding, thereby minimizing losses.

[0046] The fire extinguishing agent in the present invention is preferably water, such as municipal tap water. Water-based fire extinguishing agents may also be used. Water-based fire extinguishing agents refer to the fire extinguishing agents used in water-based fire extinguishers, whose main components are surfactants and water. Of course, other water-based fire extinguishing agents (solutions containing water with other chemical components dissolved therein, which have fire extinguishing properties) may also be used in the present invention.

[0047] Section 4.3.1 of the group standard "T / CEC 373-2020 Technical Specification for Fire Protection of Prefabricated Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Energy Storage Power Stations" clearly stipulates: The battery management system shall comply with the provisions of GB / T 34131 and shall also meet the following requirements: a) It shall have electrical protection functions such as battery overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and insulation protection, as well as non-electrical protection functions such as overtemperature and combustible gas, and shall issue graded alarm signals or trip commands; b) It shall have a linkage interface with the gas monitoring and automatic fire alarm system to receive fire warning and fire detection signals and issue related linkage control commands.

[0048] Based on this, compared with the existing technology, the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system proposed in the present invention incorporates the BMS into the fire linkage control. The fire prevention and control system does not operate independently as an independent fire control system. The fire control host establishes a communication connection and data exchange with the battery management system; the battery thermal runaway is determined based on a comprehensive evaluation of the changes in the characteristic parameters of the combustible gas and the operating parameters of the battery management system; when the battery thermal runaway triggers a fire warning or fire sprinkler action, the BMS executes the linkage control instructions issued by the fire control host to control the high-voltage electrical switches, air conditioners, fans, access control systems, etc.

[0049] The present invention provides a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, designed to implement pack-level water firefighting after a battery thermal runaway occurs. The basic components of the water fire extinguishing system are as follows: a fire control host (the control center of the water fire extinguishing system for the energy storage power station), a data relay module (for data relay transmission and sharing), a pack-level combustible gas monitoring module (a fire monitoring device installed inside each individual battery box), and a water fire extinguishing subsystem (which uses a water tank to store municipal tap water and can provide targeted water spraying for fire extinguishing at each individual battery box).

[0050] For traditional energy storage power stations, the energy storage station includes a master controller (BAU), a main controller (BCU) and a slave controller (BMU). An energy storage power station includes multiple battery clusters, and a battery cluster is composed of multiple battery boxes. The slave controller is set in each battery box (that is, each battery box is equipped with a slave controller for monitoring the temperature, voltage and operating status of the battery box). The slave controller is communicated with the main controller, and the main controller is communicated with the master controller, forming a first vertical communication connection relationship.

[0051] For the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, the system also has its own independent control subsystem, which includes a fire control host, a data relay module and a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module. Each battery box is provided with a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for independent monitoring. The PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module is communicatively connected to the data relay module for sending the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module.

[0052] Specifically, thermal runaway monitoring parameters (i.e., thermal runaway signatures) include one or any combination of the following: the battery pack ambient temperature parameter, the battery pack smoke concentration parameter, the battery pack alkane gas concentration parameter, and the battery pack carbon monoxide concentration parameter. In the present invention, the battery pack ambient temperature parameter (which can be obtained by the slave controller), the battery pack smoke concentration parameter, the battery pack alkane gas concentration parameter, and the battery pack carbon monoxide concentration parameter serve as the basis for determining whether thermal runaway (or fire) has occurred. Therefore, the sensors provided by the pack-level combustible gas monitoring module include a smoke sensor, a VOC sensor, and a CO sensor. The temperature sensor used to obtain temperature data can be a conventional temperature sensor provided within the battery pack, which is connected to the slave controller to obtain a temperature signal. Of course, the present invention can also prioritize hotspots within the battery pack for monitoring. These temperature sensors can be connected to either the slave controller or the combustible gas monitoring module.

[0053] The water fire extinguishing subsystem is a fire-fighting piping system that uses municipal tap water as the fire-fighting water source. The water fire-fighting subsystem includes a fire-fighting piping assembly separately arranged corresponding to each battery box (specifically, it may include a connecting pipe and a nozzle arranged at the end of the pipe. The end pipe with the nozzle, that is, the water supply branch pipe is provided with a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is in a normally closed state and is opened by the fire control host for targeted water spraying when water fire-fighting is required). The fire-fighting piping assembly is controlled and connected to the fire control host.

[0054] The nozzle is a structure at the end of a pipe for spraying water. The present invention does not limit the structure of the nozzle. Any nozzle that changes the form of water spraying by changing the nozzle structure can be applied to the present invention, such as spraying form, jet form, fine water mist form, atomization form, etc.

[0055] Specifically, the water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a fire pump connected to a water storage tank and a fire piping assembly connected to the fire pump. The fire piping assembly is connected to the water storage tank via a branch water supply line, which is equipped with a fire solenoid valve. The fire pump and solenoid valve are connected to the fire control host computer. The specific piping layout of the fire piping assembly is not specified here; the design criteria are to ensure that it does not affect the layout of the battery boxes and that each battery box can be individually sprayed with water for fire extinguishing.

[0056] Specifically, the fire control host is communicatively connected to the data relay module, which is in communication with the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module, forming a second vertical communication connection relationship; the fire control host is communicatively connected to the master controller, forming a stack-level management horizontal communication connection relationship; the data relay module is communicatively connected to the master controller, forming a cluster-level management horizontal communication connection relationship; and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module is communicatively connected to the slave controller, forming a PACK-level management horizontal communication connection relationship. Based on the above-mentioned communication topology, the specific communication method of the present invention is as follows: the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module can send data to the data relay module, the data relay module can send data to the fire control host, the data relay module can share data with the master controller, the fire control host and the master controller can implement data exchange and comprehensively evaluate the progress of battery thermal runaway based on the overall data information (including the temperature, voltage, and operating status information of the battery box obtained by the slave controller, and also including multiple information parameters obtained by the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module).

[0057] In the above content, the present invention defines stack-level management, cluster-level management and PACK-level management, the specific meanings of which are as follows: in an energy storage power station, a battery box is composed of several lithium battery cells connected in series and parallel, a battery cluster is composed of several battery boxes connected in series, and a battery stack is composed of several battery clusters connected in parallel. The management of the battery box is PACK-level management, the management of the battery cluster is cluster-level management, and the management of the battery stack is stack-level management.

[0058] Furthermore, each battery box is equipped with a high-voltage relay for controlling the on / off circuit of the battery box. This high-voltage relay is referred to as the first high-voltage relay. The main controller is connected to the first high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to issue a disconnection control command to the first high-voltage relay. Multiple battery boxes are provided, and these multiple battery boxes are connected in series to form a battery cluster. A high-voltage relay for controlling the on / off circuit of the battery cluster is provided on the upper layer of the battery box. This high-voltage relay is referred to as the second high-voltage relay. The main controller is connected to the second high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to issue a disconnection control command to the second high-voltage relay. The present invention provides a high-voltage relay (the first high-voltage relay) on each battery box and a high-voltage relay (the second high-voltage relay) for each battery cluster. This allows for targeted disconnection of a specific battery cluster and battery box in the event of thermal runaway, resulting in more precise control.

[0059] Energy storage power stations generally have an external structure, which can be a large box, such as an energy storage container, or a building. Regardless of the external structure of the power station, the energy storage power station will be equipped with ventilation windows, and controllable blinds (electric blinds) are installed on the ventilation windows. Explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans are also installed on the ventilation windows. The controllable blinds and explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans are connected to the fire control host, and the controllable blinds and explosion-proof smoke exhaust fans are controlled by the fire control host.

[0060] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a fire display module for displaying the current fire information of the energy storage power station, and the fire display module is connected to the fire control host.

[0061] Furthermore, the present invention also includes an audible and visual alarm for fire alarm, and the audible and visual alarm is control-connected to a fire control host.

[0062] Based on the above-mentioned energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system, the present invention also provides an energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system operation method. The energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system operation method includes: step 1, using the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module to monitor thermal runaway of each battery box; step 2, using the fire control host to process the thermal runaway monitoring parameters; step 3, based on the data processing results, performing smoke exhaust ventilation control and water spray fire extinguishing control on the energy storage power station.

[0063] Specifically, in step one, the slave controller set in the battery box obtains the current voltage, temperature and operating parameters of the battery in the battery box and uploads them to the main controller; in step two, the main controller performs data exchange, and the thermal runaway monitoring parameters are exchanged by the data relay module; in step three, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm, smoke exhaust and ventilation are first performed. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters return to normal, the smoke exhaust and ventilation are stopped. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters continue to be abnormal, the smoke exhaust and ventilation are turned off, and targeted battery box water fire extinguishing is carried out.

[0064] The present invention proposes a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, the system control topology of which is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0065] The three-level fire controller architecture that originally operated independently: combustible gas monitoring module, data relay module, fire control host, and the three-level BMS architecture that originally operated independently: BMU, BCU, BAU, establish vertical communication connection relationships and horizontal communication connection relationships in accordance with the PACK level management, cluster level management, and stack level management of the energy storage battery system, and conduct real-time data interaction and control. The specific communication connection topology diagram is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0066] To address the issues of high-voltage electrical short circuits and insulation leakage caused by the injection of fire water, the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system proposed in this invention adds a high-voltage relay in the battery box to control the on / off of the high-voltage electrical circuit. When battery thermal runaway triggers a fire sprinkler action, the data relay module and the BCU first disconnect the high-voltage relay in the battery box. The fire control host then connects the BAU to disconnect the high-voltage relay in the high-voltage box on the battery cluster. The fire control host then executes the fire sprinkler action.

[0067] The water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed in the present invention can quickly extinguish open flames, effectively suppress the continued occurrence of battery thermal runaway, completely prevent battery re-ignition, and fundamentally solve the safety problems of energy storage power stations.

[0068] The water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention has a control method and a fire extinguishing process for the energy storage power station. Figure 4 As shown, it can be divided into four steps, which are described as follows:

[0069] (1) PACK-level combustible gas detection: The combustible gas monitoring module detects early characteristics such as temperature and smoke changes, characteristic gases, and electrolyte leakage caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries in real time, and uploads the monitored characteristic data to the data relay module; the BMU collects analog data and operating parameters such as battery voltage and temperature in real time, and uploads relevant battery data to the BCU;

[0070] (2) Information interaction and comprehensive evaluation: The combustible gas monitoring module exchanges data with the BMU, the data relay module exchanges data with the BCU, and the fire control host exchanges data with the BAU. The fire control host conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the progress of battery thermal runaway;

[0071] (3) Fire warning and linkage control: When the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature trigger the fire warning threshold, the fire control host starts the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and opens the electric shutter to quickly discharge the combustible gas in the battery compartment out of the container to reduce the explosion concentration;

[0072] (4) PACK-level water fire sprinkler and linkage control: If the battery thermal runaway characteristic parameters and smoke temperature changes return to normal, the fire control host will turn off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters; if the battery thermal runaway characteristic parameters and smoke temperature changes continue to increase and trigger the fire sprinkler threshold, the fire control host will turn off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters, link the BCU to disconnect the high-voltage relays in each battery box, link the BAU to disconnect the high-voltage relays in the high-voltage box on the battery cluster, open the fire pipeline solenoid valve switch, start the fire pump group, execute the fire sprinkler action, and inject fire water into the battery box where thermal runaway has occurred, completing the full immersion water fire extinguishing, and at the same time turn on the sound and light alarm outside the cabin to sound the fire alarm.

[0073] The innovation of the present invention is:

[0074] 1. The energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system proposed in this invention is a water fire extinguishing system for energy storage power stations. It uses municipal tap water as a fire suppressant and sprays it directly into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, directly acting on the thermal runaway batteries. This achieves full flooding, PACK-level water firefighting and rapid fire extinguishing, completely solving the problems of cooling and secondary re-ignition.

[0075] 2. The energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system proposed in this invention integrates the BMS into the fire linkage control. The previously independently operated three-level fire controller architecture and the previously independently operated three-level BMS architecture establish vertical and horizontal communication connections, based on the pack-level, cluster-level, and stack-level management of the energy storage battery system, enabling real-time data exchange and control. A high-voltage relay is also added to the battery box to control the on / off of the high-voltage electrical circuit. When a battery thermal runaway triggers a fire warning or fire sprinkler activation, the linkage control BMS prematurely disconnects the high-voltage relays in the battery box and the high-voltage box, eliminating the possibility of secondary electrical fires caused by the injection of fire water.

[0076] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, used to implement PACK-level water fire fighting after battery thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage power station, characterized in that: include: Fire control host; A data relay module communicatively connected to the fire control host; A PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for individually monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic of each battery box, the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module being communicatively connected to the data relay module and configured to send the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module; A water fire extinguishing subsystem, comprising a water tank for storing water or a water-based fire extinguishing agent, and a firefighting pipe assembly connected to the water tank and individually provided for each battery box. The firefighting pipe assembly is control-connected to the fire control host. The water tank is provided inside the energy storage power station and is used to fully submerge the battery box in water for rapid fire extinguishing. The energy storage power station includes a battery management system and a fire control system. The battery management system includes a master controller, a master controller, and a slave controller. The fire control system includes the fire control host, the data relay module, and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module. The slave controller is arranged in each battery box, the slave controller is communicatively connected with the master controller, and the master controller is communicatively connected with the master controller, thereby forming a first vertical communication connection relationship; The fire control host is communicatively connected to the data relay module, and the data relay module is communicatively connected to the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module, thereby forming a second vertical communication connection relationship; The fire control host is communicatively connected with the master controller to form a stack-level management horizontal communication connection relationship, the data relay module is communicatively connected with the master controller to form a cluster-level management horizontal communication connection relationship, and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module is communicatively connected with the slave controller to form a PACK-level management horizontal communication connection relationship; A first high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the circuit of the battery box is provided in each of the battery boxes; The main controller is connected to the first high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the first high-voltage relay; There are multiple battery boxes, and the multiple battery boxes are connected in series to form a battery cluster; A second high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery cluster circuit is provided on the upper layer of the battery box; The master controller is connected to the second high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the second high-voltage relay.

2. The water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage power station is provided with a ventilation window, a controllable shutter is provided on the ventilation window, and an explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan is also provided on the ventilation window; The controllable shutters and the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan are control-connected to the fire control host.

3. The water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fire display module for displaying the current fire information of the energy storage power station; The fire display module is controlled and connected to the fire control host.

4. The water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is an audible and visual alarm for fire alarm; The sound and light alarm is controlled and connected to the fire control host.

5. The water fire extinguishing system for energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a fire water pump connected to the water storage tank and the fire pipe assembly. The water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station. The fire pipe assembly is connected to the water storage tank via a water supply branch pipe. A fire solenoid valve is provided on the water supply branch pipe. The fire water pump and the fire solenoid valve are control-connected to the fire control host.

6. A method for operating a water fire extinguishing system of an energy storage power station, characterized in that: Used to implement the operation of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station as claimed in claim 1, comprising: Step 1: Use the pack-level combustible gas monitoring module to monitor thermal runaway of each battery box; Step 2: The fire control host performs data processing on the thermal runaway monitoring parameters; Step 3: Perform smoke exhaust ventilation control and water spray fire extinguishing control on the energy storage power station based on the data processing results.

7. The method for operating the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 1, the slave controller provided in the battery box obtains the current voltage, temperature and operating parameters of the batteries in the battery box and uploads them to the master controller; In the step 2, the main controller performs data exchange, and the thermal runaway monitoring parameters are exchanged by the data relay module; In step three, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm, smoke exhaust and ventilation are first performed. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters return to normal, smoke exhaust and ventilation are stopped. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, the current battery voltage, temperature and operating parameters continue to be abnormal, smoke exhaust and ventilation are turned off, and targeted battery box water fire extinguishing is performed.

Images