Mining method and control system for steeply inclined ore bodies with unstable hanging wall

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of mine exploitation, in particular to a mining method and control system for steeply inclined ore body with unstable surrounding rock on the upper wall. The method comprises: arranging the ore room vertically to the ore body, and constructing the rock drilling chamber on the top of the ore room; excavating the rock drilling roadway vertically to the ore body from the ore room bottom out-of-vein transportation roadway, and excavating the ore extraction access to the upper wall; constructing the inclined deep hole downward from the rock drilling chamber and penetrating the rock drilling roadway, and forming the cutting shaft by blasting with VCR method; taking the cutting shaft as the free surface and the rock drilling roadway as the track, constructing the full-section high inclined deep hole downward from the rock drilling chamber, and forming the cutting groove by caving the ore vertically to the ore body; taking the cutting groove as the free surface, constructing the inclined deep hole downward in the rock drilling chamber, and performing the full-section high one-time lateral caving, wherein the hole depth of each row of blast holes is less than that of the previous row of blast holes, and the connecting line of the hole bottoms of all rows of blast holes forms the structure of the ore room bottom. The mining method can greatly reduce the mining-cutting ratio, and at the same time, does not expose the upper wall first, improves the stability of the upper wall, and effectively reduces the ore dilution rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to mining methods and control systems for steeply inclined ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the mining of steeply dipping ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock, if the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, a double-cutting trench layout is often adopted. Necessary transportation and preparation works are required for both the hanging and footwalls, increasing the mine's infrastructure and cutting workload. Furthermore, the stability of the roadways located in the hanging wall cannot be guaranteed, requiring significant support costs. When the stope is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, a single-cutting trench layout is often used, eliminating the need for hanging wall roadway works and reducing mining costs. However, its disadvantage is that the hanging wall is exposed first during retreat mining, leading to decreased hanging wall stability and increased ore dilution. The other two stope layouts both require the construction of bottom-cutting trenches, and segmented blasting is used within the stope, resulting in low production efficiency and high blasting costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a mining method and control system for steeply dipping ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock, to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The technical solution is as follows:

[0004] On the one hand, a mining method for steeply dipping ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock is provided, including:

[0005] S1. Arrange the stope perpendicular to the ore body strike, construct a drilling chamber on the top of the stope, and leave a certain strip-shaped ore pillar in the drilling chamber to ensure construction safety in the drilling chamber;

[0006] S2. From the bottom of the ore body, a rock drilling tunnel and an ore extraction route are excavated perpendicularly to the ore body through the external transport tunnel, and several ore loading routes are excavated to connect the rock drilling tunnel and the ore extraction route.

[0007] S3. An inclined deep hole is drilled downward from the rock drilling chamber at the top of the stope to connect with the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the stope, and a cutting riser is formed by blasting using the VCR method.

[0008] S4. Using the cutting well as the free surface and the bottom drilling tunnel as the trajectory, construct a full-section high-inclination deep hole from the drilling chamber downwards, and form a cutting groove by caving the ore body perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0009] S5. In the rock drilling chamber, with the cutting groove as the free surface, inclined deep holes are drilled downwards to carry out full-section high-level lateral caving. The depth of each row of blast holes is smaller than that of the previous row of blast holes. The bottom of all rows of blast holes in the stope form a triangular pillar at the bottom of the stope.

[0010] Optionally, the bottom drilling tunnel of the stope serves as a compensation space for the cutting riser and a ore collection tunnel for the cutting groove. No upward fan-shaped holes or bottom trenches are constructed in the bottom drilling tunnel of the stope.

[0011] Optionally, the horizontal projection of the cutting well needs to fall within the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the mine.

[0012] Optionally, the stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike, and the cutting groove is also arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0013] Optionally, the cutting riser, cutting groove construction, and production blasting holes need to be inclined deep holes, and the inclination angle of the blasting holes varies according to the angle of the ore body.

[0014] Optionally, the depth of each row of blast holes gradually decreases towards both sides of the cutting groove, and the cutting groove and production blasting adopt a full-section high-volume blasting method to form the bottom structure of the mine.

[0015] Optionally, the cutting groove is arranged parallel to the orientation of the stope, and a retreating mining method is adopted towards both sides of the stope.

[0016] On the other hand, a mining control system for an unstable hanging wall rock steeply inclined ore body is provided. The mining control system issues instructions to control the mining of the unstable hanging wall rock steeply inclined ore body to be carried out in accordance with the mining method for unstable hanging wall rock steeply inclined ore bodies described above.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include at least the following:

[0018] This invention discloses a mining method for steeply inclined ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock. In this method, upward fan-shaped holes and bottom trenches are not constructed in the bottom drilling tunnel of the stope, reducing the amount of mining cutting work. The stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike, and the cutting trenches are arranged parallel to the stope strike, effectively solving the problem of difficult layout of mining and cutting work. This method eliminates the need for safety passages on the hanging wall and the need for transportation and pre-cutting work, significantly reducing the support cost of the hanging wall. Furthermore, the hanging wall is not fully exposed during the production process; it is only fully exposed after the entire stope has been mined, allowing for control of hanging wall stability and reducing ore dilution rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a flowchart of a mining method for a steeply inclined ore body with unstable hanging wall rock, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the top of the mining chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the bottom of the mining chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the mining stope in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the mine chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 1. External transport roadway at the bottom of the stope; 2. Drilling chamber; 3. Strip pillar; 4. Inclined deep hole;

[0027] 5. Cutting shaft; 6. Cutting groove; 7. Rock drilling tunnel; 8. Ore extraction access road; 9. Ore loading access road;

[0028] 10. Bottom structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] To address the problems of poor hanging wall stability, large-scale upper and lower wall development work, high mining-to-cut ratio, and high production costs in rapidly dipping ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock during mining, this invention provides a mining method for such ore bodies. Specifically, as follows... Figure 1 As shown, the mining method provided in this embodiment of the invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Arrange the stope perpendicular to the ore body strike, construct a drilling chamber on the top of the stope, and leave a certain strip-shaped ore pillar inside the drilling chamber to ensure construction safety inside the drilling chamber;

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the external transport roadway 1 is arranged only in the footwall of the ore body. The drilling chamber 2 is connected to the external transport roadway 1 by a connecting roadway. The strip-shaped pillars 3 left in the drilling chamber 2 are used to support the roof of the drilling chamber. The size and number of the strip-shaped pillars should be left according to the ground pressure manifestation law.

[0033] S2. From the bottom of the stope, the external transport roadway is driven vertically to the ore body, and the drilling roadway and ore extraction roadway are driven to the hanging wall. Several loading roads are driven to connect the drilling roadway and the ore extraction roadway.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, both the drilling tunnel 7 and the ore access road 8 are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the rock drilling tunnel serves as the compensation space for the cutting riser and the ore collection tunnel for the cutting groove. No upward fan-shaped holes or bottom trenches are constructed in the rock drilling tunnel 7. The rock drilling tunnel 7 and the ore exit roadway 8 are connected by several ore loading roads 9. The number of ore loading roads 9 is determined by the thickness of the ore body.

[0035] S3. An inclined deep hole is constructed downward from the rock drilling chamber at the top of the stope to connect with the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the stope, and a cutting riser is formed by blasting using the VCR method.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the angle of the inclined deep hole is based on the dip angle of the ore body, and the cutting riser 5 is located at the contact point between the hanging wall and the surrounding rock of the stope, such as... Figure 2 As shown; the horizontal projection of the cutting well must fall within the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the mine.

[0037] S4. Using the cutting well as the free surface and the bottom drilling tunnel as the trajectory, construct a high-inclination deep hole from the drilling chamber downwards along the entire length, and form a cutting groove by caving the ore body perpendicular to the strike of the ore body.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the angle of the inclined deep hole is based on the dip angle of the ore body, and the cutting groove 6 is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, such as... Figure 2 As shown; the vertical height of the inclined deep hole 4 is the total height of the stope, as... Figure 4 As shown; the cutting groove is arranged parallel to the direction of the stope, and the mining is carried out by retreating towards both sides of the stope.

[0039] S5. In the rock drilling chamber, with the cutting groove as the free surface, inclined deep holes are drilled downwards to carry out full-section high-level lateral caving. The depth of each row of blast holes is smaller than that of the previous row of blast holes. The bottom of all rows of blast holes in the stope form a triangular pillar at the bottom of the stope.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the inclined deep hole 4 has the cutting groove 6 as its free surface, and the entire stope is subjected to a high-volume blasting ore collapse, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the depth of the inclined deep holes 4 decreases sequentially on both sides of the ore chamber, and the residual ore after blasting forms the bottom structure 10; the cutting riser, cutting groove construction and production blasting holes must be inclined deep holes, and the inclination angle of the blasting holes varies according to the angle of the ore body.

[0041] This invention also provides a mining control system for a steeply inclined ore body with unstable hanging wall rock. The mining control system issues commands to control the mining of the steeply inclined ore body with unstable hanging wall rock to be carried out in accordance with the mining method for steeply inclined ore bodies with unstable hanging wall rock described above.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method for a steeply dipping ore body with unstable hanging wall rock, characterized in that, include: S1. Arrange the stope perpendicular to the ore body strike, construct a drilling chamber on the top of the stope, and leave a certain strip-shaped ore pillar in the drilling chamber to ensure construction safety in the drilling chamber; S2. From the bottom of the ore body, a rock drilling tunnel and an ore extraction route are excavated perpendicularly to the ore body through the external transport tunnel, and several ore loading routes are excavated to connect the rock drilling tunnel and the ore extraction route. S3. An inclined deep hole is drilled downward from the rock drilling chamber at the top of the stope to connect with the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the stope, and a cutting riser is formed by blasting using the VCR method. S4. Using the cutting well as the free surface and the bottom drilling tunnel as the trajectory, construct a full-section high-inclination deep hole from the drilling chamber downwards, and form a cutting groove by caving the ore body perpendicular to the ore body strike. S5. In the rock drilling chamber, with the cutting groove as the free surface, inclined deep holes are drilled downward to carry out full-section high-level lateral caving. The depth of each row of blast holes is smaller than that of the previous row of blast holes. The bottom of all rows of blast holes in the stope form a triangular pillar at the bottom of the stope. The bottom drilling tunnel of the stope serves as the compensation space for the cutting riser and the ore collection tunnel for the cutting groove. No upward fan-shaped holes or bottom trenches are constructed in the bottom drilling tunnel of the stope. The horizontal projection of the cutting well must fall within the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the mine; The cutting well, cutting groove construction and production blasting holes must be inclined deep holes, and the inclination angle of the blasting holes varies according to the angle of the ore body. The depth of each row of blast holes gradually decreases towards both sides of the cutting groove. The cutting groove and the production blasting adopt a full-section high-volume blasting method to form the bottom structure of the mine.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body direction, and the cutting groove is also arranged perpendicular to the ore body direction.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting groove is arranged parallel to the direction of the stope, and the mining is carried out by retreating to both sides of the stope.

4. A mining control system for a steeply dipping ore body with unstable hanging wall rock, characterized in that, The mining control system issues commands to control the mining of the unstable, steeply inclined ore body in the hanging wall according to the mining method for unstable, steeply inclined ore bodies in the hanging wall as described in any one of claims 1-3.

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