A design method for sediment discharge in two-bank and three-channel zones on a plain reservoir with heavy sediment

Abstract

The present invention provides a two-embankment, three-channel zoned sediment drainage design method for reservoirs on plains with high sediment content, including the following steps: Step 1: Calculating the target river channel's regulated width based on hydraulic methods; Step 2: Designing the target river channel's two-embankment, three-channel zoned morphology based on the target river channel's current channel morphology and the regulated width; Step 3: Determining the zoned sediment drainage scheduling and application methods for flood and non-flood seasons based on the design results; Step 4: Analyzing the sediment drainage effects under different sediment drainage scheduling and application methods. Adopting a "two-embankment, three-channel" zoned sediment drainage design for reservoirs on plains with high sediment content can address the problem of rapid siltation and difficulty in restoring reservoir capacity, maintain effective storage capacity over the long term, extend the reservoir's service life, and consistently deliver comprehensive benefits for flood control, ecology, and water supply, playing a significant role in ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sediment-laden rivers, and in particular to a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river. Background Art

[0002] The long-term maintenance of effective storage capacity of reservoirs on sandy rivers is the key to the sustainable benefits of the reservoirs. Taohuayu Reservoir is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is a plain reservoir on a sandy river. The reservoir area is located in a typical wandering river channel with violent swings in the mainstream, wide and shallow river channels, and a small river gradient. Reservoir capacity depletes rapidly and is difficult to restore. Sedimentation and maintaining effective storage capacity are key to reservoir project justification. To maintain the effective storage capacity of Taohuayu Reservoir over the long term and ensure its continued and stable performance in flood control, ecological conservation, and water supply, this paper proposes a "two-embankment, three-channel" zoned sediment drainage design method for reservoirs on sediment-rich river plains. This approach addresses the issue of maintaining the long-term effective storage capacity of Taohuayu Reservoir and provides technical support for reservoir construction on sediment-rich river plains.

[0003] After research, comparison, and demonstration, a "two-embankment, three-channel" zoned sediment discharge design has been developed for reservoirs on sandy river plains. This design approach can address the rapid and difficult recovery of reservoir storage capacity due to siltation, maintain effective storage capacity over the long term, extend the reservoir's service life, and consistently deliver comprehensive benefits in flood control, ecology, and water supply. This approach plays a significant role in ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River. This design approach is highly applicable to the construction and operation of reservoirs on sandy river plains in my country and around the world. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a two-dike and three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sandy river. The method is used to adopt the "two-dike and three-channel" zoned sediment discharge design for a plain reservoir on a sandy river. The method can solve the problem of rapid siltation and difficulty in recovery of reservoir storage capacity, maintain effective storage capacity for a long time, extend the service life of the reservoir, and stably exert the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir in flood control, ecology, water supply, etc. in the long term, which plays an important role in ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0005] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Calculate the width of the target river channel based on hydraulic methods;

[0007] Step 2: Based on the current channel morphology of the target river and the width of the regulated river, a two-bank and three-channel zoning design is performed for the target river;

[0008] Step 3: Based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and operation mode during the flood season and non-flood season;

[0009] Step 4: Analyze the sediment removal effects under different sediment removal scheduling methods.

[0010] Preferably, the regulation width of the target river is calculated based on a hydraulic method, including:

[0011]

[0012] Wherein, B represents the width of the regulated river, m; h represents the water depth of the straight river section under the design flow, m; Q represents the design flow, m 3 / s; n represents the roughness, which is 0.01; K represents the river phase relationship, and J represents the water surface gradient under regulation flow, %.

[0013] Preferably, according to the current channel morphology of the target channel and in combination with the regulated river width, a two-bank and three-channel zoning design is performed for the target channel, including:

[0014] Determine the flood drainage channel width of the target river channel according to the flood drainage regulation conditions and in combination with the regulation width;

[0015] Obtaining measured data of the target river channel to determine whether the flood discharge channel of the determined width has the capacity to discharge flood water;

[0016] If available, determining the left channel width and the right channel width of the target river channel according to the regulation width of the target river channel and the width of the flood discharge channel;

[0017] The normal water storage level of the reservoir of the target river channel, the top elevation of the partition dike between adjacent channels and the distance to the water bottom are obtained, and the two-dike three-channel zoning morphology design is carried out in combination with the determined flood discharge channel width, left channel width, right channel width and the current river channel morphology of the target river channel.

[0018] Preferably, based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and operation mode during the flood season and the non-flood season, including:

[0019] When the target river is in the non-flood season, analyzing whether there is water in each tank based on the current water storage conditions of the three tanks;

[0020] If both exist, keep the first scheduling method unchanged;

[0021] If none of them exist, the first scheduling application mode is adjusted until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met;

[0022] If the part does not exist, a second adjustment is made to the first scheduling application method until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met.

[0023] Preferably, based on the design results, the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and application methods for flood season and non-flood season are determined, including:

[0024] When the target river is in flood season, determining the sediment concentration of the incoming water during the flood season, and determining the control instructions for the gate of each slot in combination with the design results of the three slots;

[0025] Based on the control instruction, the gate of the corresponding slot is controlled to perform a corresponding operation.

[0026] Preferably, the sand removal effects under different sand removal scheduling modes are analyzed, including:

[0027] Obtain the first on-site map before the same sand discharge scheduling method is adopted;

[0028] Obtaining a second on-site map at the time when the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is started, and sequentially obtaining a third on-site map at different preset time intervals after the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is adopted;

[0029] establishing a first image matrix of the second site map and the first site map, and establishing a second image matrix of each third site map and the second site map;

[0030] Inputting the first image matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the initial characteristics of sand discharge;

[0031] Inputting the second graph matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the sediment discharge change characteristics;

[0032] Based on the initial features of sand drainage and all the features of sand drainage changes, a sand drainage feature matrix is ​​constructed, and the degree of intersection between the first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors is calculated;

[0033] constructing a sand drainage feature array according to the degree of intersection;

[0034] Acquiring an effect detection condition of the same sand discharge scheduling operation mode, and performing an effect detection on the sand discharge feature array according to the effect detection condition;

[0035] When the test is passed, the sand removal effect is determined to be qualified, and the current sand removal scheduling and application mode remains unchanged;

[0036] Otherwise, extracting unqualified elements from the sand removal feature array according to the effect detection condition, locking the unqualified elements based on their appearance positions in the sand removal feature matrix, and constructing a first matrix based on vectors corresponding to all the appearance positions;

[0037] capturing a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix, and calculating a current mutually exclusive value for the first unqualified vector and each remaining row vector in the first matrix except for the least unqualified vector;

[0038] Obtaining a vector difference between a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix as a reference vector;

[0039] Determining a maximum mutual exclusion value according to the reference vector;

[0040] According to the current mutual exclusion value and the maximum mutual exclusion value;

[0041] Counting the first number whose current mutually exclusive value is less than a preset value, sorting the current mutually exclusive values, and performing a first comparison on the last sorted mutually exclusive value with the maximum mutually exclusive value, and at the same time, performing a second comparison on the average of the current mutually exclusive values ​​of the first number with the average of the remaining mutually exclusive values ​​and the maximum mutually exclusive value;

[0042] Determining whether the sand removal effect is qualified according to the first number, the first comparison result, and the second comparison result;

[0043] If qualified, the current sand discharge scheduling method will remain unchanged;

[0044] Otherwise, based on the first constraint of the first number, the second preset condition of the first comparison result, and the third constraint of the second comparison result, obtain the first adjustment factor for the embankment to be adjusted and the second adjustment factor for the trough to be adjusted, and adjust the current same sand discharge scheduling method based on the first adjustment factor and the second adjustment factor.

[0045] Preferably, calculating the degree of intersection between the first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors includes:

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Among them, X1 represents the degree of intersection between the first row vector and the remaining j-th row vector; δ i Represents the comparison value of the first row vector and the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; s0 i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the first row vector; sj i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; represents the effect weight of the i-th element, and n1 means all s0 i =sj i The number of occurrences of Indicates that s0 is satisfied i =sj i The cumulative sum of the corresponding effect weights;

[0049] Preferably, combining the design results of the three slots, determining the control instructions for the gate of each slot includes:

[0050] Based on historical measured data, the first inflow sediment content during the flood season is obtained. At the same time, based on historical forecast data, the first forecast value at the corresponding flood season moment is obtained.

[0051] Constructing a first array based on the first inflow sediment concentration and the first predicted value at the same flood season moment, and simultaneously obtaining reservoir parameters corresponding to the flood season moment based on historical measured data, and appending them to the first array;

[0052] Determine the sample accuracy at each flood season moment based on the additional array;

[0053] When the sample accuracy meets the set accuracy, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is retained; otherwise, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is used as an iterative optimization sample;

[0054] Establish sample associations between retained samples and iteratively optimized samples, and optimize the reservoir capacity prediction model according to the sample associations;

[0055] According to the inflow sediment concentration set during the flood season and based on the optimized reservoir capacity optimization model, the inflow sediment concentration at each time point during the current flood season is predicted based on the current designed two-bank and three-channel reservoir capacity usage;

[0056] Compare and analyze the storage capacity usage at each time point with the effective storage capacity to determine the output sediment discharge at the next time point based on the current time point;

[0057] Determine the sand discharge instruction at the next moment based on all output sand discharges and the gate switch level of each slot in the currently designed two-bank three-slot system and the effective sand discharge at different switch levels;

[0058] The sand discharge instruction is sent to the corresponding gate to control the corresponding gate to perform the corresponding switching operation.

[0059] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0062] Figure 1 Flowchart of a method for designing two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a design diagram of the two-bank and three-trough partitioning form in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the water and sediment process (current engineering conditions) of 800 million tons of sediment from the middle reaches entering the Taohuayu Reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the sedimentation process of a reservoir with 800 million tons of sediment in the middle reaches (current engineering conditions) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the process of 800 million tons of sediment from the middle reaches entering the reservoir (Dongzhuang, Guxian and existing projects working together) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the sedimentation process of the reservoir with 800 million tons of sediment in the middle reaches of the present invention (the interaction between Dongzhuang, Guxian and the existing project);

[0068] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the water and sediment process (current engineering conditions) of 600 million tons of sediment from the middle reaches entering the Taohuayu Reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the water and sediment process (current engineering conditions) of 600 million tons of sediment from the middle reaches entering the Taohuayu Reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the process of 800 million tons of sediment from the middle reaches entering the reservoir (Dongzhuang, Guxian, Heishanxia and existing projects working together) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the siltation process of the reservoir with 800 million tons of sediment in the middle reaches of the present invention (the combined effect of Dongzhuang, Guxian, Heishanxia and existing projects). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0073] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river, comprising:

[0074] Step 1: Calculate the width of the target river channel based on hydraulic methods;

[0075] Step 2: Based on the current channel morphology of the target river and the width of the regulated river, a two-bank and three-channel zoning design is performed for the target river;

[0076] Step 3: Based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and operation mode during the flood season and non-flood season;

[0077] Step 4: Analyze the sediment removal effects under different sediment removal scheduling methods.

[0078] Preferably, the regulation width of the target river is calculated based on a hydraulic method, including:

[0079]

[0080] Wherein, B represents the width of the regulated river, m; h represents the water depth of the straight river section under the design flow, m; Q represents the design flow, m 3 / s; n represents the roughness, which is 0.01; K represents the river phase relationship, and J represents the water surface gradient under regulation flow, %.

[0081] In this embodiment, steps 1-4 are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0082] In this embodiment, Taohuayu Reservoir is taken as an example. The reservoir area of ​​Taohuayu Reservoir is from Tiexie to the Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou. It is the transition section of the Yellow River from the canyon to the alluvial plain. The river channel is 90 km long and the gradient is It is a typical wandering river channel with violent swings in the mainstream and shallow and scattered riverbeds. The river width is 5 to 10 km, of which the channel width is about 3 km and the beach width is 4 to 7 km.

[0083] The original storage capacity of Taohuayu Reservoir below the elevation of 110m is 2.8 billion m 3 The reservoir capacity below 110m above sea level is mainly distributed in the mainstream of the Yellow River, with a reservoir capacity of 27.57m 3 , accounting for 98% of the total reservoir capacity, and the tributary reservoir capacity is 43 million m 3 , accounting for 2% of the total storage capacity. Taohuayu Reservoir is located in a favorable position to control floods entering the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the main task of Taohuayu Reservoir in all previous planning has been flood control.

[0084] A statistical analysis was conducted on the cross-sectional characteristics of the Taohuayu Reservoir river channel (see Table 1), and the hydraulic method was used to calculate the width of the river channel for regulation, further determining the widths of the "three channels" (left channel, middle channel, and right channel).

[0085] Under natural conditions, the average width of the river channel in a typical section of the Taohuayu Reservoir is 816 to 914 meters.

[0086] Table 1: Statistics of river channel width at some sections of the lower Yellow River from 1983 to 2021

[0087]

[0088] The regulated river widths of Xiagujie section, Nankaiyi section and Guanzhuangyu section are calculated according to the above formula, see Table 2.

[0089] Table 2: Calculation table of river width for regulation of Huayuankou section, Jiahetan section and Gaocun section

[0090]

[0091] The average width of the river section in the Taohuayu Reservoir area is 6 to 8 km. When the lower Yellow River was regulated, the concept of the width of the flood discharge channel was proposed. It must meet two points: one is that it has the ability to discharge flood water during a major flood; the other is that the river flow path does not change significantly after the flood. Usually the width of the flood discharge channel is 2 to 3 times the width of the regulated river. After comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the width of the flood discharge channel in the Taohuayu Reservoir area is 2 to 2.5 km, and the flood discharge channel is determined to be the width of the middle channel of the "two embankments and three channels". The width of the left channel and the right channel is 2 to 3 km. According to the analysis of measured data, the flow rate of the main channel determined according to the flood discharge channel is above 80%, which can fully discharge flood water. Combined with the actual terrain of the existing river channel, the "two embankments and three channels" zoning form is designed, such as Figure 2 As shown, during the off-season, when the sediment content of incoming water is low, water storage is used to maintain water levels in all three troughs, enhancing their ecological and water supply functions. During the flood season, when the sediment content of incoming water is high, the three troughs are used in rotation to discharge high-sediment-laden water from the reservoir, reducing siltation and maintaining effective storage capacity. The left, middle, and right troughs are separated by two dikes. The reservoir's normal water level is 110 meters, and the top elevation of the dikes is 105 meters.

[0092] Operational Rules: The reservoir utilizes a rotating "three-channel" operation system to ensure that high-sediment-laden water flows through the deep channels and drains out of the reservoir, reducing siltation and maintaining effective storage capacity. During the non-flood season, when sediment concentrations are low, Taohuayu Reservoir retains a portion of its beneficial storage capacity to supplement Xiaolangdi Reservoir's storage capacity. This capacity is released as needed during the dry season, enhancing downstream water supply capacity. During the flood season, when high-sediment-laden floods occur, the gates of one, two, or three of the "three channels" are opened in rotation, in accordance with the reservoir's water and sediment regulation and flood control operations, to discharge sediment from the reservoir downstream.

[0093] This design can solve the problem of rapid siltation and difficulty in recovery of the Taohuayu Reservoir, a plain-type reservoir on a sandy river. It can maintain effective storage capacity for a long time, extend the service life of the reservoir, and stably exert the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir in flood control, ecology, and water supply in the long term, thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0094] In this example, the calculation and analysis are performed on the reservoir operation and storage capacity maintenance of the "two embankments and three channels" zoning design under the current engineering conditions when the Yellow River sediment load is 800 million tons in the future. The calculation conditions of Example 1 are the process of water and sediment entering the reservoir in 100 years under the current engineering conditions. The annual average water volume and sediment volume are 28.096 billion m3 respectively. 3 , 726 million tons; the average water volume and sediment volume during the flood season are 13.91 billion m 3 , 725 million tons, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0095] According to the form and application of the "two embankments and three channels" zoning design, Taohuayu Reservoir has accumulated 1.431 billion m3 of sediment in the reservoir area over the past 100 years. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is 1.369 billion m 3 If the “two embankments and three channels” zoned sediment discharge design is not adopted, according to the original river channel morphology, the reservoir area will accumulate 2.61 billion m3 of sediment in 100 years of operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is only 190 million m 3 It can be seen that after the “two dikes and three channels” zoned sediment discharge design, the reservoir area has reduced siltation by 1.179 billion m3 3 . Reservoir sedimentation process, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0096] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, under the combined effects of Dongzhuang, Guxian, and Heishanxia reservoirs and existing projects, when the Yellow River sediment load reaches 800 million tons in the future, the average annual water and sediment loads over 100 years will be 2.732 billion m 3 , 442 million tons; the average water volume and sediment volume during the flood season are 15.572 billion m 3 , 433 million tons.

[0097] The siltation process of Taohuayu Reservoir when the annual average sediment inflow in the middle reaches is 800 million tons, as shown in the following figure: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, according to the “two dikes and three channels” zoning design, the Taohuayu Reservoir will have accumulated 44 million m3 of sediment in the reservoir area after 100 years of operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is 2.756 billion m 3 If the "two embankments and three channels" design is not adopted and the original river channel morphology is used, the reservoir area will accumulate 744 million m3 of sediment in 100 years of operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is only 2.156 billion m 3 It can be seen that after the “two embankments and three channels” zoning design, the reservoir area has reduced siltation by 700 million m3. 3 Under the combined effects of Dongzhuang, Guxian, Heishanxia and existing projects, when the annual sediment inflow from the Yellow River reaches 800 million tons in the future, the reservoir area with the "two embankments and three channels" zoning design can basically remain free of siltation.

[0098] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: after research, comparison and demonstration, the "two embankments and three troughs" zoned sand discharge design is adopted for reservoirs in plain areas of sandy rivers, which can solve the problem of rapid siltation and difficulty in recovery of reservoir capacity, maintain effective storage capacity for a long time, extend the service life of the reservoir, and steadily exert the comprehensive benefits of reservoir flood control, ecology, water supply, etc. in the long term, which plays an important role in ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0099] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoning sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river. The method includes:

[0100] Determine the flood drainage channel width of the target river channel according to the flood drainage regulation conditions and in combination with the regulation width;

[0101] Obtaining measured data of the target river channel to determine whether the flood discharge channel of the determined width has the capacity to discharge flood water;

[0102] If available, determining the left channel width and the right channel width of the target river channel according to the regulation width of the target river channel and the width of the flood discharge channel;

[0103] The normal water storage level of the reservoir of the target river channel, the top elevation of the partition dike between adjacent channels and the distance to the water bottom are obtained, and the two-dike three-channel zoning morphology design is carried out in combination with the determined flood discharge channel width, left channel width, right channel width and the current river channel morphology of the target river channel.

[0104] The concept of drainage channel width was proposed during the regulation of the lower Yellow River. Usually, the width of the drainage channel is 2 to 3 times the width of the regulated river. As mentioned above, the width of the regulated river in the Taohuayu Reservoir area in this study is 900m. After comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the width of the drainage channel in the Taohuayu Reservoir area is 2 to 2.5km. Figure 2 As shown, the drainage channel is determined to be the width of the middle channel of the "two dikes and three channels" system. Analysis of measured data shows that the discharge capacity of the middle channel, determined based on the drainage channel, exceeds 80%, providing sufficient flood discharge and the ability to discharge floodwaters during major floods.

[0105] The average river width in the Taohuayu Reservoir section is 6 to 8 km. Excluding the width of the middle channel, the width of the left and right channels is 2 to 3 km.

[0106] The left, middle and right channels are separated by two partition dikes. The normal water storage level of the reservoir is 110m. 105m is taken, which is 10m away from the riverbed. It can not only meet the needs of running three channels at high water levels and discharging floods at the same time during floods, but also meet the needs of flushing sand in different channels during low water levels.

[0107] Combined with the actual terrain of the existing river, a "two embankments and three channels" zoning form is designed, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0108] like Figure 5 The calculation conditions of the above formula are shown as follows: under the combined effect of Dongzhuang and Guxian reservoirs and the existing projects, the Yellow River will have 800 million tons of sediment entering the downstream in the future. The annual average water and sediment volume in 100 years will be 26.853 billion m 3 , 547 million tons; the average water volume and sediment volume during the flood season are 13.132 billion m 3 , 535 million tons.

[0109] According to the form and application of the "two embankments and three channels" zoning design, Taohuayu Reservoir has accumulated 590 million m3 of sediment in the reservoir area during its 100-year operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is 2.21 billion m 3 If the “two embankments and three channels” zoned sediment discharge design is not adopted, according to the original river channel morphology, the reservoir will accumulate 1.58 billion m3 of sediment in 100 years of operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is only 570 million m 3 It can be seen that after the “two dikes and three channels” zoned sediment discharge design, the reservoir area has reduced siltation by 630 million m3. 3 . Reservoir sedimentation process, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0110] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, under the action of the existing engineering, when the Yellow River sediment load is 600 million tons in the future, the water and sediment volume will enter the downstream. The annual average water and sediment volume in 100 years will be 26.872 billion m 3 , 492 million tons; the average water volume and sediment volume during the flood season are 13.722 billion m 3 , 490 million tons.

[0111] According to the form and application of the "two embankments and three channels" zoning design, Taohuayu Reservoir has accumulated 477 million m3 of sediment in the reservoir area during its 100-year operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is 2.323 billion m 3 If the "two embankments and three channels" design is not adopted and the original river channel morphology is used, the reservoir area will accumulate 1.249 billion m3 of sediment in 100 years of operation. 3 The remaining effective storage capacity is only 1.551 billion m 3 It can be seen that after the “two dikes and three channels” zoned sediment discharge design, the reservoir area has reduced siltation by 772 million m3. 3 . Reservoir sedimentation process, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0112] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it provides an effective basis for the design of two-dike and three-channel by calculating various parameters, and is generally applicable to the construction and operation of plain-type reservoirs on sandy rivers in my country and even around the world.

[0113] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river. Based on the design results, the zoned sediment discharge scheduling and operation mode during the flood season and the non-flood season is determined, including:

[0114] When the target river is in the non-flood season, analyzing whether there is water in each tank based on the current water storage conditions of the three tanks;

[0115] If both exist, keep the first scheduling method unchanged;

[0116] If none of them exist, the first scheduling application mode is adjusted until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met;

[0117] If the part does not exist, a second adjustment is made to the first scheduling application method until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met.

[0118] Preferably, based on the design results, the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and application methods for flood season and non-flood season are determined, including:

[0119] When the target river is in flood season, determining the sediment concentration of the incoming water during the flood season, and determining the control instructions for the gate of each slot in combination with the design results of the three slots;

[0120] Based on the control instruction, the gate of the corresponding slot is controlled to perform a corresponding operation.

[0121] In this embodiment, when the sediment content of the incoming water is low during the non-flood season, water storage can be used to keep the "three troughs" filled with water, which can not only ensure the maintenance of a certain ecological water area, but also meet the needs of water diversion elevation and water supply, and play an ecological and water supply function; during the flood season, based on the concept of "binding water to attack sand and flushing sand in turns", when the sediment content of the incoming water is high, the gates of one, two or three troughs are opened to discharge the high-sand water flow from the trough to the reservoir, thereby reducing siltation in the reservoir area and maintaining effective storage capacity for a long time.

[0122] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by adjusting the methods and controlling the gates, the effective storage capacity in the reservoir can be maintained, the service life of the reservoir can be extended, and the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir such as flood control, ecology, and water supply can be exerted in a long-term and stable manner, which plays an important role in ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0123] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river, and analyzes the sediment discharge effects under different sediment discharge scheduling modes, including:

[0124] Obtain the first on-site map before the same sand discharge scheduling method is adopted;

[0125] Obtaining a second on-site map at the time when the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is started, and sequentially obtaining a third on-site map at different preset time intervals after the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is adopted;

[0126] establishing a first image matrix of the second site map and the first site map, and establishing a second image matrix of each third site map and the second site map;

[0127] Inputting the first image matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the initial characteristics of sand discharge;

[0128] Inputting the second graph matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the sediment discharge change characteristics;

[0129] Based on the initial features of sand drainage and all the features of sand drainage changes, a sand drainage feature matrix is ​​constructed, and the degree of intersection between the first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors is calculated;

[0130] constructing a sand drainage feature array according to the degree of intersection;

[0131] Acquiring an effect detection condition of the same sand discharge scheduling operation mode, and performing an effect detection on the sand discharge feature array according to the effect detection condition;

[0132] When the test is passed, the sand removal effect is determined to be qualified, and the current sand removal scheduling and application mode remains unchanged;

[0133] Otherwise, extracting unqualified elements from the sand removal feature array according to the effect detection condition, locking the unqualified elements based on their appearance positions in the sand removal feature matrix, and constructing a first matrix based on vectors corresponding to all the appearance positions;

[0134] capturing a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix, and calculating a current mutually exclusive value for the first unqualified vector and each remaining row vector in the first matrix except for the least unqualified vector;

[0135] Obtaining a vector difference between a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix as a reference vector;

[0136] Determining a maximum mutual exclusion value according to the reference vector;

[0137] According to the current mutual exclusion value and the maximum mutual exclusion value;

[0138] Counting the first number whose current mutually exclusive value is less than a preset value, sorting the current mutually exclusive values, and performing a first comparison on the last sorted mutually exclusive value with the maximum mutually exclusive value, and at the same time, performing a second comparison on the average of the current mutually exclusive values ​​of the first number with the average of the remaining mutually exclusive values ​​and the maximum mutually exclusive value;

[0139] Determining whether the sand removal effect is qualified according to the first number, the first comparison result, and the second comparison result;

[0140] If it is qualified, keep the current sediment flushing scheduling operation mode unchanged;

[0141] Otherwise, according to the first constraint condition of the first number, the second preset condition of the first comparison result, and the third constraint condition of the second comparison result, obtain the first adjustment factor for the embankment to be adjusted and the second adjustment factor for the slot to be adjusted, and adjust the current same sediment flushing scheduling operation mode according to the first adjustment factor and the second adjustment factor.

[0142] In this embodiment, the site map is the current state map of the reservoir obtained, and the first graph matrix is constructed based on the point information corresponding to each position point of the reservoir, and the first graph matrix and the second graph matrix are matrices with m1 rows and m2 columns.

[0143] In this embodiment, the sediment flushing scheduling operation mode is to discharge the water and sediment existing in the reservoir.

[0144] In this embodiment, the second site map refers to the one obtained at different times after the reservoir is processed by the scheduling operation mode, and the water and sediment contents at the same position point corresponding to different times may be different.

[0145] In this embodiment, the matrix analysis model is pre-trained and is trained based on different site maps and the analysis results of the maps. Therefore, the features corresponding to different matrices can be obtained.

[0146] In this embodiment, the obtained initial sediment flushing features and sediment flushing change features both contain several elements. Therefore, the feature vectors for the initial features and the change features can be obtained, and the process of obtaining the features includes: reservoir features, incoming water and sediment features, reservoir water and sediment coverage features, etc.

[0147] In this embodiment, the intersection degree is obtained based on the comparison results of the same element. The closer the comparison results are to being consistent, the greater the corresponding intersection degree.

[0148] In this embodiment, the intersection degree is a numerical value, and the sediment flushing feature array is composed of different intersection degrees, and the sediment flushing feature array [intersection degree 1 intersection degree 2 intersection degree 3...].

[0149] In this embodiment, the effect detection condition is pre-set and is a constraint condition for size comparison. For example, the effect detection condition is: r standard 1 < r effect < r standard 2, where r effect refers to the value of each intersection degree in the sediment flushing feature array, and when this value is within the range of r standard 1 to r standard 2, it is regarded as passing the detection, and it is determined that the sediment flushing effect is qualified, that is, during the sediment flushing process, the sediment flushing situation of the water and sediment is a process state that tends to be reasonable.

[0150] In this embodiment, the unqualified elements refer to the elements obtained by not satisfying r standard 1 < r effect < r standard 2. For example, if the unqualified element appears at the third position in the sediment discharge feature array, then its position in the matrix is the fourth row, that is, the vector of the fourth row is obtained, and then the row vectors corresponding to all the appearance positions are obtained, which can form the first matrix.

[0151] In this embodiment, each row in the first matrix is an unqualified vector, and the exclusive value is calculated based on the 1-intersection degree corresponding to each row vector in the first matrix;

[0152] Sort all the exclusive values from smallest to largest, then the row vector corresponding to the minimum value in the sorting result is the first unqualified vector, and the row vector corresponding to the maximum value is the reference vector.

[0153] In this embodiment, there are vectors 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the first matrix, and the exclusive value of vector 1 is 0.3, the exclusive value of vector 2 is 0.2, the exclusive value of vector 3 is 0.1, and the exclusive value of vector 4 is 0.7. Among them, the maximum exclusive value is 0.7, and the first unqualified vector is the row vector corresponding to the exclusive value of 0.1.

[0154] In this embodiment, the preset value is 0.4. At this time, the corresponding first number is 3. The exclusive values are sorted from smallest to largest, and the last exclusive value in the sorting is 0.3. The first comparison result is 0.7 - 0.3 = 0. 4, and the second comparison result is: (0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3) / 3 - (0.7 + 0.7) / 2 = -0.5;

[0155] If the first constraint condition is: the first number is less than or equal to 5;

[0156] The second constraint condition is: the first comparison result is less than or equal to 0.4;

[0157] The third constraint condition is: the first comparison result is greater than 1 and less than 0. At this time, it is considered that the sediment discharge effect is qualified.

[0158] Otherwise, if any situation does not meet the corresponding constraint condition, it is considered that the current same sediment discharge scheduling operation method needs to be adjusted.

[0159] The levee to be adjusted refers to the need to clean the excess sand on the levee, and the trough to be adjusted refers to the need to supplement the water volume in the trough or discharge the excess water, etc.

[0160] In this embodiment, the first adjustment factor refers to the vector comparison result mainly for the embankment obtained from the first comparison result and the second comparison result, and compared with the standard embankment design situation. The second adjustment factor refers to the vector comparison result mainly for the groove obtained from the first comparison result and the second comparison result, and compared with the standard groove design situation.

[0161] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: by obtaining different graphs of sand discharge scheduling and utilization methods and constructing matrices for each graph respectively, it is convenient to determine the changes in water and sand in the reservoir, and then adjust the scheduling and utilization methods to ensure its rationality and indirectly ensure the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0162] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river, which calculates the degree of intersection between a first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors, including:

[0163]

[0164]

[0165] Among them, X1 represents the degree of intersection between the first row vector and the remaining j-th row vector; δ i Represents the comparison value of the first row vector and the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; s0 i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the first row vector; sj i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; represents the effect weight of the i-th element, and n1 means all s0 i =sj i The number of occurrences of Indicates that s0 is satisfied i =sj i The cumulative sum of the corresponding effect weights;

[0166] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: obtaining comparison results by comparing the same elements, calculating the degree of intersection by combining the comparison results with weights, and optimizing the results by comparing the number ratio with the weight ratio to ensure the rationality of the intersection degree acquisition and provide a basis for subsequent protection of the Yellow River.

[0167] The present invention provides a two-bank three-channel zoned sediment discharge design method for a plain reservoir on a sediment-laden river. The method combines the design results of the three channels to determine the control instructions for the gates of each channel, including:

[0168] Based on historical measured data, the first inflow sediment content during the flood season is obtained. At the same time, based on historical forecast data, the first forecast value at the corresponding flood season moment is obtained.

[0169] Constructing a first array based on the first inflow sediment concentration and the first predicted value at the same flood season moment, and simultaneously obtaining reservoir parameters corresponding to the flood season moment based on historical measured data, and appending them to the first array;

[0170] Determine the sample accuracy at each flood season moment based on the additional array;

[0171] When the sample accuracy meets the set accuracy, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is retained; otherwise, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is used as an iterative optimization sample;

[0172] Establish sample associations between retained samples and iteratively optimized samples, and optimize the reservoir capacity prediction model according to the sample associations;

[0173] According to the inflow sediment concentration set during the flood season and based on the optimized reservoir capacity optimization model, the inflow sediment concentration at each time point during the current flood season is predicted based on the current designed two-bank and three-channel reservoir capacity usage;

[0174] Compare and analyze the storage capacity usage at each time point with the effective storage capacity to determine the output sediment discharge at the next time point based on the current time point;

[0175] Determine the sand discharge instruction at the next moment based on all output sand discharges and the gate switch level of each slot in the currently designed two-bank three-slot system and the effective sand discharge at different switch levels;

[0176] The sand discharge instruction is sent to the corresponding gate to control the corresponding gate to perform the corresponding switching operation.

[0177] In this embodiment, the historical measured data refers to the relevant incoming water and sediment content in the reservoir measured during the flood season, and before the actual measurement, it also includes a prediction of the incoming water and sediment content at the moment of the flood season, so as to obtain a first array, and each first array includes the first incoming water and sediment content and the first predicted value at the same moment.

[0178] In this embodiment, the reservoir parameters refer to the reservoir capacity, the effective storage capacity at the previous moment, the effective storage capacity at the current moment, the water volume and sand volume at the current moment, and the water and sand occupancy of the two embankments and three trenches at the current moment, which are attached to the first array to facilitate the provision of more parameter information.

[0179] In this embodiment, the additional array refers to the array obtained by adding the reservoir parameter to the first array.

[0180] In this embodiment, the sample accuracy is obtained based on the comparison between the measured results and the predicted results. The more consistent the two are, the higher the corresponding sample accuracy is.

[0181] In this embodiment, the setting accuracy is preset.

[0182] In this embodiment, the iteratively optimized samples refer to the additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy, and in the subsequent training process, the additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy will be trained based on the ratio of the number of additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy to the number of samples of all samples to set the number of training times for the additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy and the number of training times for the additional samples that meet the set accuracy.

[0183]

[0184] Among them, H1 represents the number of training times of additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy, H0 represents the total number of training times of all samples; K1 represents the number of samples of additional samples that do not meet the set accuracy; K2 represents the number of samples of all samples; H3 = H0-H1, H3 represents the number of training times of additional samples that meet the set accuracy.

[0185] In this embodiment, sample association refers to the sample association between samples that meet the set accuracy and samples that do not meet the set accuracy, that is, establishing a bias between the predicted samples in the samples that do not meet the set accuracy and the predicted samples in the samples that meet the set accuracy, so that the predicted samples in the samples that do not meet the set accuracy are closer to actual measurements, that is, more valuable for reference.

[0186] In this embodiment, for example, the value of parameter 1 of the predicted sample in the sample that does not meet the set accuracy is 0.1, and the value of parameter 1 of the predicted parameter in the sample that meets the set accuracy is 0.07. Then, at this time, it is necessary to adjust 0.1 to 0.07, for example, to 0.085, and then optimize the storage capacity optimization model.

[0187] In this embodiment, the gate opening and closing levels are different, and the corresponding sediment and water discharge volumes are different. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively determine the gate level according to the actual situation of the reservoir, and then control the gate through instructions.

[0188] In this embodiment, the output sediment discharge refers to the difference between the water and sediment corresponding to the storage capacity usage and the effective storage capacity.

[0189] In this embodiment, the difference of each part of the two dikes and three grooves is determined to analyze the opening and closing level of the corresponding gate, that is, the opening and closing of the gate is controlled and adjusted according to the difference at all times.

[0190] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: by judging the amount of water and sediment at each moment of the flood season to construct an array, and by comparing the values ​​within the array, to determine the retained samples and iterative optimization samples, so as to optimize the model, facilitate the subsequent reasonable control of gates at different locations, and ensure the long-term stability of the Yellow River.

[0191] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A design method for sediment discharge in a plain reservoir with two dikes and three channels, characterized by: include: Step 1: Calculate the width of the target river channel based on hydraulic methods; Step 2: Based on the current channel morphology of the target river and the width of the regulated river, a two-bank and three-channel zoning design is performed for the target river; Step 3: Based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and operation mode during the flood season and non-flood season; Step 4: Analyze the sediment removal effects under different sediment removal scheduling modes; Among them, the analysis of the sediment removal effects under different sediment removal scheduling methods includes: Obtain the first on-site map before the same sand discharge scheduling method is adopted; Obtaining a second on-site map at the time when the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is started, and sequentially obtaining a third on-site map at different preset time intervals after the same sand discharge scheduling application mode is adopted; establishing a first image matrix of the second site map and the first site map, and establishing a second image matrix of each third site map and the second site map; Inputting the first image matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the initial characteristics of sand discharge; Inputting the second graph matrix into the matrix analysis model to obtain the sediment discharge change characteristics; Based on the initial features of sand drainage and all the features of sand drainage changes, a sand drainage feature matrix is ​​constructed, and the degree of intersection between the first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors is calculated; constructing a sand drainage feature array according to the degree of intersection; Acquiring an effect detection condition of the same sand discharge scheduling operation mode, and performing an effect detection on the sand discharge feature array according to the effect detection condition; When the test is passed, the sand removal effect is determined to be qualified, and the current sand removal scheduling and application mode remains unchanged; Otherwise, extracting unqualified elements from the sand removal feature array according to the effect detection condition, locking the unqualified elements based on their appearance positions in the sand removal feature matrix, and constructing a first matrix based on vectors corresponding to all the appearance positions; capturing a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix, and calculating a current mutually exclusive value for the first unqualified vector and each remaining row vector in the first matrix except for the least unqualified vector; Obtaining a vector difference between a first unqualified vector and a least unqualified vector in the first matrix as a reference vector; Determining a maximum mutual exclusion value according to the reference vector; According to the current mutual exclusion value and the maximum mutual exclusion value; Counting the first number whose current mutually exclusive value is less than a preset value, sorting the current mutually exclusive values, and performing a first comparison on the last sorted mutually exclusive value with the maximum mutually exclusive value, and at the same time, performing a second comparison on the average of the current mutually exclusive values ​​of the first number with the average of the remaining mutually exclusive values ​​and the maximum mutually exclusive value; Determining whether the sand removal effect is qualified according to the first number, the first comparison result, and the second comparison result; If qualified, the current sand discharge scheduling method will remain unchanged; Otherwise, based on the first constraint of the first number, the second preset condition of the first comparison result, and the third constraint of the second comparison result, obtain the first adjustment factor for the embankment to be adjusted and the second adjustment factor for the trough to be adjusted, and adjust the current same sand discharge scheduling method based on the first adjustment factor and the second adjustment factor.

2. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Calculate the target river width based on hydraulic methods, including: Wherein, B represents the width of the regulated river, m; h represents the water depth of the straight river section under the design flow, m; Q represents the design flow, m 3 / s; n represents the roughness, which is 0.01; K represents the river phase relationship, and J represents the water surface gradient under regulation flow, %.

3. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the current channel morphology of the target river and the width of the river to be regulated, a two-bank three-channel zoning design is performed for the target river, including: Determine the flood drainage channel width of the target river channel according to the flood drainage regulation conditions and in combination with the regulation width; Obtaining measured data of the target river channel to determine whether the flood discharge channel of the determined width has the capacity to discharge flood water; If available, determining the left channel width and the right channel width of the target river channel according to the regulation width of the target river channel and the width of the flood discharge channel; The normal water storage level of the reservoir of the target river channel, the top elevation of the partition dike between adjacent channels and the distance to the water bottom are obtained, and the two-dike three-channel zoning morphology design is carried out in combination with the determined flood discharge channel width, left channel width, right channel width and the current river channel morphology of the target river channel.

4. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and operation methods during the flood season and non-flood season, including: When the target river is in the non-flood season, analyzing whether there is water in each tank based on the current water storage conditions of the three tanks; If both exist, keep the first scheduling method unchanged; If none of them exist, the first scheduling application mode is adjusted until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met; If the part does not exist, a second adjustment is made to the first scheduling application method until the preset slot surface constraint condition is met.

5. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the design results, determine the zoning sediment discharge scheduling and application methods during the flood season and non-flood season, including: When the target river channel is in flood season, determining the sediment concentration of the incoming water during the flood season, and determining the control instructions for the gate of each channel based on the design results of the three channels; Based on the control instruction, the gate of the corresponding slot is controlled to perform a corresponding operation.

6. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Calculate the degree of intersection between the first row vector and each of the remaining row vectors, including: Among them, X1 represents the degree of intersection between the first row vector and the remaining j-th row vector; δ i Represents the comparison value of the first row vector and the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; s0 i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the first row vector; sj i Represents the effect value of the i-th element in the remaining j-th row vector; represents the effect weight of the i-th element, and n1 means all s0 i =sj i The number of occurrences of Indicates that s0 is satisfied i =sj i The cumulative sum of the corresponding effect weights; 7. The design method for two-bank and three-channel zoned sediment discharge in a plain reservoir of a sediment-laden river as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Combined with the design results of the three slots, the control instructions for the gate of each slot are determined, including: Based on historical measured data, the first inflow sediment content during the flood season is obtained. At the same time, based on historical forecast data, the first forecast value at the corresponding flood season moment is obtained. Constructing a first array based on the first inflow sediment concentration and the first predicted value at the same flood season moment, and simultaneously obtaining reservoir parameters corresponding to the flood season moment based on historical measured data, and appending them to the first array; Determine the sample accuracy at each flood season moment based on the additional array; When the sample accuracy meets the set accuracy, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is retained; otherwise, the additional array corresponding to the flood season is used as an iterative optimization sample; Establish sample associations between retained samples and iteratively optimized samples, and optimize the reservoir capacity prediction model according to the sample associations; According to the inflow sediment concentration set during the flood season and based on the optimized reservoir capacity optimization model, the inflow sediment concentration at each time point during the current flood season is predicted based on the current designed two-bank and three-channel reservoir capacity usage; Compare and analyze the storage capacity usage at each time point with the effective storage capacity to determine the output sediment discharge at the next time point based on the current time point; Determine the sand discharge instruction at the next moment based on all output sand discharges and the gate switch level of each slot in the currently designed two-bank three-slot system and the effective sand discharge at different switch levels; The sand discharge instruction is sent to the corresponding gate to control the corresponding gate to perform the corresponding switching operation.

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