Energy-consistent off-grid microgrid and energy supply method suitable for highway tunnels

Abstract

The present invention relates to an energy-consistent off-grid microgrid and energy supply method suitable for highway tunnels. The microgrid uses wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays as power sources and is equipped with a diesel generator as a backup power supply. Under normal circumstances, the common loads in the tunnel that are in a real-time on state are mainly powered by wind and photovoltaic power. When the output of new energy is insufficient, the power is supplemented by an energy storage unit. Special loads that are not often turned on, such as ventilation equipment, are installed in the tunnel. An air quality detection device for detecting carbon monoxide concentration is also equipped to control the opening of the ventilation equipment by detecting whether the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel exceeds the standard. Once the special load is started, the photovoltaic, wind, diesel generators and energy storage unit jointly participate in the power supply of all loads in the microgrid depending on the charge state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microgrids, and in particular to an energy-consistent off-grid microgrid suitable for highway tunnels and an energy supply method. Background Art

[0002] Microgrids with energy storage capabilities have become the primary energy supply system in areas where grid installation is inconvenient. They mainly operate off-grid, especially in medium and long tunnels on highways. To ensure smooth and safe traffic in the tunnels, lighting equipment, monitoring systems, and ventilation equipment need to be installed. Tunnels are often located in terrain surrounded by mountains, making grid installation difficult and costly. Therefore, microgrids with energy storage capabilities have become the first choice for tunnel energy supply.

[0003] Microgrids built for highway tunnels should be designed as off-grid microgrids, meaning all energy-consuming devices within the tunnel rely entirely on the microgrid for power. In addition to commonly used photovoltaic and wind power generation, the microgrid's power supply should also account for situations where green energy sources are unable to deliver power due to weather and environmental factors. Tunnel energy-consuming devices, such as lighting and monitoring systems, often operate year-round and continuously. These devices, which operate almost continuously and continuously, can be referred to as "normal loads." While these loads consume energy in real time, their power consumption is typically low. Ventilation equipment, on the other hand, is not always on, typically activated through scheduled ventilation or when tunnel air quality is poor. Energy-consuming devices that do not require constant operation can be referred to as "special loads." These loads often have high power consumption and fluctuate between on-time and operating durations. Therefore, when configuring microgrids and designing energy supply methods for highway tunnel applications, the specific energy needs of tunnels should be carefully considered to meet the energy needs of specific scenarios while minimizing construction costs. Based on this purpose, the present invention designs a self-consistent off-grid microgrid for highway tunnels and provides an adaptive energy supply method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention first discloses an energy-consistent off-grid microgrid suitable for highway tunnels, which is specifically implemented using the following technical solutions:

[0005] An energy-consistent off-grid microgrid suitable for highway tunnels includes a power supply unit, an energy storage unit, a load unit, and an energy management system unit. The power supply unit includes a photovoltaic array, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator. The load unit includes common loads and special loads. Common loads include lighting equipment, monitoring equipment, and air quality detection devices. Special loads include ventilation equipment. The air quality detection device is installed in the tunnel to detect the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel and feed it back to the energy management system unit. If the measured carbon monoxide concentration exceeds a set threshold, the ventilation equipment is activated.

[0006] Each device in the microgrid is configured according to the following formula:

[0007]

[0008] In the above formula, the meanings of the parameters are as follows:

[0009] P w 、P pv are the rated power generation of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, in kW;

[0010] T w 、T pv are the annual effective power generation hours of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, respectively, in h;

[0011] E load The annual power consumption of common loads in the tunnel scenario, in kWh;

[0012] K is the correction factor, >1, dimensionless;

[0013] F is the multi-objective optimization function;

[0014] f self_consistent is the self-consistency rate objective function;

[0015] f cost is the economic objective function;

[0016] P load_average is the average power of all loads in the tunnel, in kW;

[0017] c w 、c pv are the unit investment costs of wind power and photovoltaic power, respectively, and the parameter unit is yuan / kW;

[0018] S wmin 、S wmax are the lower and upper limits of wind turbine installed capacity, in kW;

[0019] S pvmin 、S pvmax are the lower and upper limits of the installed capacity of the photovoltaic array, in kW;

[0020] P st is the rated power of the energy storage unit, in kW;

[0021] P load is the maximum power of common load, in kW;

[0022] η st is the efficiency of the energy storage unit, <1, dimensionless;

[0023] E st is the rated capacity of the energy storage unit, in kWh;

[0024] T load The duration of time that the common load relies on the energy storage unit to ensure energy supply in the absence of wind and sunlight, in hours;

[0025] P m Total power generated by diesel generators used in the tunnel, in kW;

[0026] P load_uncommen The maximum power of all special loads in the tunnel, in kW;

[0027] η m is the efficiency of the diesel generator in the tunnel, <1, dimensionless;

[0028] P m_s The power of a single diesel generator motor used in the tunnel, in kW;

[0029] n is the number of diesel generators equipped in the tunnel.

[0030] The above-mentioned microgrid structure given by the present invention fully considers the characteristics of the application scenarios of highway tunnels. In terms of equipment configuration: the power balance matching of the microgrid is comprehensively considered, and the configuration goal is self-generation and self-use of electricity, which can ensure the energy demand of common loads in the tunnel; the power balance matching of the microgrid is comprehensively considered, and the maximum self-consistency rate of the microgrid is used as the power configuration goal; the maximum self-consistency rate of the wind and light systems and the minimum construction cost are comprehensively considered, and a multi-objective optimization function is constructed, and the wind and light construction capacity is optimized in combination with the wind and light capacity constraints; the special scenarios of no wind, no light, and the energy storage unit reaching the lower limit of the charged state are comprehensively considered, and the diesel generator capacity is configured on the basis of being able to ensure the energy consumption time of all loads; the losses of wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, energy storage units, diesel generators, transmission lines, etc. are comprehensively considered, and a certain amount of redundancy is given in the configuration, which can fully meet the load energy demand of the tunnel.

[0031] Based on the microgrid structure given above, the present invention also discloses an energy supply method for the microgrid applied to a highway tunnel. The specific contents are as follows:

[0032] The energy supply method for self-consistent off-grid microgrids suitable for highway tunnels includes:

[0033] Real-time detection of carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel, real-time charge status of energy storage units in the microgrid, real-time power generation status of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays in the microgrid, and real-time power demand of common and special loads in the microgrid;

[0034] Common loads are in real-time on-state, and special loads can only be started after the on-conditions are met. A threshold for judging carbon monoxide concentration is set. When the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation equipment in the special load is turned on;

[0035] When the special load is not turned on, first determine whether the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power meets the real-time power demand of the common load, and then determine the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set upper and lower limit thresholds of the state of charge; if the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power meets the real-time power demand of the common load, the diesel generator will not work; if the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power does not meet the real-time power demand of the common load, the diesel generator will start, and control the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit according to the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge;

[0036] When the special load is in the on state, wind power, photovoltaic power, and diesel generators work together to output power, and whether the energy storage unit discharges is determined based on the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge.

[0037] Furthermore, when the special load is not turned on, it is divided into the following working conditions:

[0038] Working condition 1: The real-time power demand of common loads is less than or equal to the real-time power generation power of wind turbines plus the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] In the above formula, the parameter symbols have the following meanings:

[0041] P w (t) is the real-time power generation of the wind turbine deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0042] P pv (t) is the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0043] P w_mppt (t), P pv_mppt (t) are the real-time maximum power point outputs of the wind turbine and photovoltaic array, in kW;

[0044] P st (t) is the real-time discharge power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0045] P m The total power generated by the diesel generators deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0046] Pab is the real-time power curtailment of the microgrid, in kW;

[0047] P load (t) is the real-time power demand of the common loads in the microgrid, in kW;

[0048] Working condition 2: The real-time power demand of common loads is less than or equal to the real-time power generation power of wind turbines plus the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

[0049]

[0050] In the above formula, P st_charge (t) is the real-time charging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0051] P stn The rated charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0052] Condition 3: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation power of wind turbines + the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Condition 4: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation power of wind turbines + the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Furthermore, when the special load is in the on state, it is divided into the following working conditions:

[0057] Condition 5: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] Condition 6: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid controls energy supply according to the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] The microgrid designed for highway tunnel energy supply relies on photovoltaic and wind power generation to meet the electricity needs of common loads such as lighting and monitoring within the tunnel. Excess energy generated by renewable energy is stored in an energy storage unit, which supplements the energy when the renewable energy generation output is insufficient. A diesel generator is also included to supplement the energy when the renewable energy generation output is insufficient or unavailable, or when high-power special loads are activated. The entire microgrid's energy supply design prioritizes the full utilization of green energy, achieving self-generation and self-consumption of the microgrid's electricity, avoiding energy waste and reducing energy consumption. This makes it ideal for powering medium- and long-distance highway tunnels, where grid construction is difficult, and offers extremely high economic and environmental value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the topology of an off-grid microgrid in an embodiment;

[0063] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for applying microgrid to highway tunnel energy supply is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0065] This embodiment discloses a self-consistent off-grid microgrid suitable for highway tunnels. The microgrid structure is as follows: Figure 1As shown, it includes a power supply unit, an energy storage unit, a load unit, and an energy management system unit. The power supply unit includes a photovoltaic array, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator. The loads within the microgrid primarily rely on solar and wind power. The diesel generator serves as a backup power source within the tunnel. When there is no wind or light, and the energy storage unit's state of charge falls below a lower threshold, the diesel generator starts to meet the energy needs of the microgrid loads. The energy storage unit deployed within the tunnel can store excess electricity generated by renewable energy sources and supply power to the microgrid loads when the renewable energy output is insufficient. The energy storage unit can utilize lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, or lead-carbon batteries. The power supply unit and energy storage unit can be deployed in areas such as ridges, slopes, and median dividers near highway tunnels and belonging to highway land assets. The load units within the tunnel are divided into common loads and special loads. Common loads in this embodiment primarily include lighting equipment, monitoring equipment, and air quality monitoring devices (the air quality monitoring devices in this embodiment are carbon monoxide concentration sensors). Common loads within the tunnel operate 24 / 7, and their energy consumption characteristics are relatively stable. The special load in this embodiment primarily refers to ventilation equipment. For medium and long tunnels, the middle section of the tunnel is far from the entrances and exits on both sides. During periods of heavy traffic or fire, the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel can be excessively high, necessitating ventilation. Therefore, an air quality monitoring device is installed in the tunnel to monitor the carbon monoxide concentration in real time and provide feedback to the energy management system. Ventilation is activated when the measured carbon monoxide concentration exceeds a set threshold. Common loads are met daily by the new energy power supply unit, while special loads and common loads under special operating conditions are met by the diesel generator power supply unit.

[0066] Microgrids used in different scenarios require different considerations for device configuration. The microgrid designed in the present invention is targeted at providing energy for highway tunnels and operates off-grid. Therefore, this embodiment uses "self-consistency rate" and "investment cost" to construct a multi-objective optimization function to calculate the optimal configuration capacity of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays.

[0067] In this embodiment, each device in the microgrid is configured according to the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] In the above formula, the meanings of the parameters are as follows:

[0070] P w 、P pv are the rated power generation of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, in kW;

[0071] T w 、T pv are the annual effective power generation hours of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, respectively, in h;

[0072] Eload The annual power consumption of common loads in the tunnel scenario, in kWh;

[0073] K is the correction factor, >1, dimensionless;

[0074] F is a multi-objective optimization function, which is used to find the optimal solution under the multi-objective function;

[0075] f self_consistent is the self-consistency rate objective function;

[0076] f cost is the economic objective function;

[0077] P load_average is the average power of all loads in the tunnel, in kW;

[0078] c w 、c pv are the unit investment costs of wind power and photovoltaic power, respectively, taking into account the composite cost of initial construction and subsequent operation and maintenance costs. The parameter unit is RMB / kW;

[0079] S wmin 、S wmax These are the lower and upper limits of wind turbine installed capacity, respectively, which are set after comprehensive consideration of factors such as site, investment and natural resources, and are in kW;

[0080] S pvmin 、S pvmax These are the lower and upper limits of the installed capacity of the photovoltaic array, respectively, which are set after comprehensive consideration of factors such as site, investment and natural resources, and are in kW;

[0081] P st is the rated power of the energy storage unit, in kW;

[0082] P load is the maximum power of common load, in kW;

[0083] η st is the efficiency of the energy storage unit, <1, dimensionless;

[0084] E st is the rated capacity of the energy storage unit, in kWh;

[0085] T load The duration of time that the common load relies on the energy storage unit to ensure energy supply in the absence of wind and sunlight, in hours;

[0086] P m Total power generated by diesel generators used in the tunnel, in kW;

[0087] P load_uncommenis the maximum power of all special loads in the tunnel, in kW. In this embodiment, the required air volume is calculated by comprehensively considering the tunnel length, pressure, slope, altitude, natural wind speed, etc., and the number of axial flow fans for ventilation is equipped as required;

[0088] η m is the efficiency of the diesel generator in the tunnel, <1, dimensionless;

[0089] P m_s The power of a single diesel generator motor used in the tunnel, in kW;

[0090] n is the number of diesel generators equipped in the tunnel.

[0091] Based on the microgrid structure given above, this embodiment also discloses a method for applying the microgrid to a highway tunnel to provide energy, such as Figure 2 The specific contents are as follows:

[0092] Real-time detection of carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel, real-time charge status of energy storage units in the microgrid, real-time power generation status of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays in the microgrid, and real-time power demand of common and special loads in the microgrid;

[0093] Common loads are in real-time on-state, and special loads can only be started after the on-conditions are met. A threshold for judging carbon monoxide concentration is set. When the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation equipment in the special load is turned on;

[0094] When the special load is not turned on, first determine whether the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power meets the real-time power demand of the common load, and then determine the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set upper and lower limit thresholds of the state of charge; if the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power meets the real-time power demand of the common load, the diesel generator will not work; if the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power does not meet the real-time power demand of the common load, the diesel generator will start, and control the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit according to the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge;

[0095] When the special load is in the on state, wind power, photovoltaic power, and diesel generators work together to output power, and whether the energy storage unit discharges is determined based on the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge.

[0096] To further refine the above energy supply method, when the special load is not turned on, it is divided into the following working conditions:

[0097] Operating condition 1: The real-time power demand of the common load is less than or equal to the real-time power generation of the wind turbine plus the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. Under this operating condition, the microgrid relies on wind and solar power generation to meet the energy demand of the common load. The energy storage unit and diesel generator are inoperative, and the remaining power from the new energy is considered to be abandoned. The specific energy supply control is performed according to the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] In the above formula, the parameter symbols have the following meanings:

[0100] P w (t) is the real-time power generation of the wind turbine deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0101] P pv (t) is the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0102] P w_mppt (t), P pv_mppt (t) are the real-time maximum power point outputs of the wind turbine and photovoltaic array, in kW;

[0103] P st (t) is the real-time discharge power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0104] P m The total power generated by the diesel generators deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0105] P ab is the real-time power curtailment of the microgrid, in kW;

[0106] P load (t) is the real-time power demand of the common loads in the microgrid, in kW.

[0107] Operating condition 2: The real-time power demand of the common load is less than or equal to the real-time power generation of the wind turbine plus the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than the set lower limit of the state of charge. Under this operating condition, the microgrid relies on wind and solar power generation to prioritize meeting the energy demand of the common load and charges the energy storage unit until the state of charge reaches the set upper limit. The diesel generator does not operate, and the remaining power from the new energy is considered to be abandoned. The specific energy supply control is performed according to the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] In the above formula, P st_charge (t) is the real-time charging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW;

[0110] Pstn It is the rated charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW.

[0111] Condition 3: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation power of wind turbines + the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid relies on wind, solar, and diesel generators to generate electricity to meet the energy demand of common loads. In addition to meeting the load energy demand, the diesel generators also provide short-term charging for the energy storage unit. The specific energy supply control is performed as follows:

[0112]

[0113] Operating condition 4: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation of wind turbines + the real-time power generation of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. Under this operating condition, the microgrid relies on wind, solar, and energy storage units to jointly generate electricity to meet the energy demand of common loads. The diesel generator does not operate. The specific energy supply control is performed according to the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] Once the special load in the tunnel is turned on, energy is supplied under the following working conditions:

[0116] Working condition 5: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is ≤ the set lower limit of the state of charge. Under this working condition, the common loads and special loads in the tunnel rely on wind, solar energy and diesel generators to meet the energy demand. Considering the high power of the special load, the diesel generator is started mainly to support the energy consumption of the special load. To ensure the energy consumption of all loads in the tunnel, although the state of charge of the energy storage unit is below the lower limit, the diesel generator does not charge the energy storage unit. The specific energy supply control is performed according to the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] Working condition 6: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. Under this working condition, the common load and special load in the tunnel rely on wind and solar energy, energy storage units, and diesel generators to jointly supply energy to meet energy demand. The specific energy supply control is performed according to the following formula:

[0119]

[0120] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-consistent off-grid microgrid suitable for highway tunnels, comprising a power supply unit, an energy storage unit, a load unit, and an energy management system unit, characterized by: The power supply unit includes a photovoltaic array, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator. The load unit includes common loads and special loads. Common loads include lighting equipment, monitoring equipment, and air quality detection devices. Special loads include ventilation equipment. The air quality detection device is installed in the tunnel to detect the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel and feed it back to the energy management system unit. If the measured carbon monoxide concentration exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation equipment will be turned on. Each device in the microgrid is configured according to the following formula: In the above formula, the meanings of the parameters are as follows: P w 、P pv are the rated power generation of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, in kW; T w 、T pv are the annual effective power generation hours of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, respectively, in h; E load The annual power consumption of common loads in the tunnel scenario, in kWh; K is the correction factor, >1, dimensionless; F is the multi-objective optimization function; f self_consistent is the self-consistency rate objective function; f cost is the economic objective function; P load_average is the average power of all loads in the tunnel, in kW; c w 、c pv are the unit investment costs of wind power and photovoltaic power, respectively, and the parameter unit is yuan / kW; S wmin 、S wmax are the lower and upper limits of wind turbine installed capacity, in kW; S pvmin 、S pvmax are the lower and upper limits of the installed capacity of the photovoltaic array, in kW; P st is the rated power of the energy storage unit, in kW; P load is the maximum power of common load, in kW; η st is the efficiency of the energy storage unit, <1, dimensionless; E st is the rated capacity of the energy storage unit, in kWh; T load The duration of time that the common load relies on the energy storage unit to ensure energy supply in the absence of wind and sunlight, in hours; P m Total power generated by diesel generators used in the tunnel, in kW; P load_uncommen The maximum power of all special loads in the tunnel, in kW; η m is the efficiency of the diesel generator in the tunnel, <1, dimensionless; P m_s The power of a single diesel generator motor used in the tunnel, in kW; n is the number of diesel generators equipped in the tunnel.

2. The self-consistent off-grid microgrid energy supply method suitable for highway tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Real-time detection of carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel, real-time charge status of energy storage units in the microgrid, real-time power generation status of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays in the microgrid, and real-time power demand of common and special loads in the microgrid; Common loads are in real-time on-state, and special loads can only be started after the on-conditions are met. A threshold for judging carbon monoxide concentration is set. When the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation equipment in the special load is turned on; When the special load is not turned on, first determine whether the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power can meet the real-time power demand of the common load, and then determine the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set upper and lower limit thresholds of the state of charge; If the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power meets the real-time power demand of common loads, the diesel generator will not work; if the real-time total power generation of photovoltaic and wind power does not meet the real-time power demand of common loads, the diesel generator will start and control the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit according to the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge; When the special load is in the on state, wind power, photovoltaic power, and diesel generators work together to output power, and whether the energy storage unit discharges is determined based on the relationship between the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit and the set lower limit threshold of the state of charge.

3. The energy supply method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the special load is not turned on, it is divided into the following working conditions: Working condition 1: The real-time power demand of common loads is less than or equal to the real-time power generation power of wind turbines plus the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula: In the above formula, the parameter symbols have the following meanings: P w (t) is the real-time power generation of the wind turbine deployed in the microgrid, in kW; P pv (t) is the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array deployed in the microgrid, in kW; P w_mppt (t), P pv_mppt (t) are the real-time maximum power point outputs of the wind turbine and photovoltaic array, in kW; P st (t) is the real-time discharge power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW; P m The total power generated by the diesel generators deployed in the microgrid, in kW; P ab is the real-time power curtailment of the microgrid, in kW; P load (t) is the real-time power demand of the common loads in the microgrid, in kW; Working condition 2: The real-time power demand of common loads is less than or equal to the real-time power generation power of wind turbines plus the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula: In the above formula, P st_charge (t) is the real-time charging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW; P stn The rated charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit deployed in the microgrid, in kW; Condition 3: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation power of wind turbines + the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula: Condition 4: The real-time power demand of common loads is greater than the real-time power generation power of wind turbines + the real-time power generation power of photovoltaic arrays, and the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula:

4. The energy supply method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the special load is in the on state, it is divided into the following working conditions: Condition 5: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is less than or equal to the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid performs energy supply control according to the following formula: Condition 6: The real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit is greater than the set lower limit of the state of charge. The microgrid controls energy supply according to the following formula:

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