Timing advance in full duplex communication

Abstract

Aspects relate to a user equipment (UE) receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, sending a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and sending an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance. Further aspects relate to a network access node sending a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), receiving a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE. The timing advance capability can indicate that the UE has or does not have the capability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 17 / 410,909 filed August 24, 2021, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 63 / 074,910 and 63 / 074,950, both filed September 4, 2020, all of which are assigned to the assignee hereof and incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The technology discussed below relates generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly, to timing alignment techniques in full duplex (FD) wireless communications. BACKGROUND

[0004] In wireless communication systems, such as those specified in the 5G New Radio (NR) standard, base stations and user equipment (UEs) exchange signals using various duplexing modes. Duplexing modes include half duplex and full duplex. In half duplex communications, only one node (e.g., a UE or a base station) can transmit or receive at a given time. In full duplex communications, two nodes (e.g., a UE and a base station) can simultaneously transmit and receive (e.g., transmit and receive between at least two nodes at the same time). One example of half duplex communication is time division duplex (TDD) communication. In 5G NR TDD, uplink signaling (e.g., from a UE to a base station) and downlink signaling (e.g., from a base station to a UE) are scheduled separately in time. Thus, uplink and downlink communications do not occur at the same time. However, uplink and downlink communications can be transmitted on the same frequency (e.g., on the same carrier). One example of full duplex communication is frequency division duplex (FDD) communication. In 5G NR FDD, uplink signaling and downlink signaling are scheduled simultaneously in time; however, uplink and downlink can be transmitted at different frequencies (e.g., on different and spaced apart carriers). Examples of full duplex (FD) communication modes include, but are not limited to, sub-band full duplex (SBFD), in-band full duplex (IBFD), flexible TDD, partial frequency division duplex (FDD) communication (where uplink signaling and downlink signaling are scheduled simultaneously in time and can be transmitted on partially overlapping frequencies), and other FD communication modes where uplink and downlink signaling are scheduled simultaneously in time and can be transmitted on the same fully overlapping frequencies.

[0005] When a base station and a UE are each configured with two or more antenna panels, they can be configured to operate in an FD mode. An antenna panel includes an array of multiple antenna elements. An antenna panel can be referred to as an antenna array module. Antenna panels can be used for beamforming applications. Beamforming can be used to provide spatial diversity between a receiver and a transmitter. For example, a base station with two antenna panels can direct a transmit beam to a first UE and a receive beam to a second UE, where the first and second UEs are at different azimuth angles relative to the base station. These beams do not interfere with each other because they are directed to targets that are at an angular distance from each other relative to the base station. In another example, a base station and a UE can each have two panels; one panel is used for transmission and the second panel is used for reception. Full-duplex simultaneous reception and transmission can be achieved in an FD mode even though the two panels on each device are collocated.

[0006] To provide service to multiple UEs that are at multiple distances from the base station, the timing between uplink and downlink frames for each UE can be managed. For example, the base station can compensate for the propagation delay between the base station and each UE by determining a respective timing advance for each UE to use for uplink transmissions to the base station. SUMMARY

[0007] Some aspects of the disclosure are summarized below to provide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure or to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in a summary form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0008] The present disclosure, in some aspects, relates to methods for timing alignment of signals in a wireless communication system. Specifically, a method performed by a base station includes determining that at least one user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is operating in a full-duplex (FD) mode with the base station. Further, the method includes transmitting a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, where the TA indication is used to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode.

[0009] In some aspects, a base station is disclosed. The base station includes a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, where the processor and the memory are configured to determine that at least one user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is operating in a full-duplex (FD) mode with the base station and transmit, from the base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, where the TA indication is used to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode.

[0010] In some aspects, a base station is disclosed. The base station can include means for determining that at least one user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode with the base station and means for transmitting a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE during the FD mode.

[0011] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions executable by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to determine that at least one user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode with the base station and to transmit a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode.

[0012] In some aspects, a method for signal timing alignment in a wireless communications system performed by a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The method includes receiving, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in a full duplex (FD) mode. Further, the method includes transmitting one or more uplink signals to the base station at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the range of TA values.

[0013] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The UE includes a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to receive, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE. The memory includes executable instructions, and the one or more processors are configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the base station to operate. The processor and the memory are further configured to transmit one or more uplink signals to the base station at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the range of TA values.

[0014] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The UE includes means for receiving, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE during an FD mode. The UE further includes means for transmitting one or more uplink signals to the base station at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the range of TA values.

[0015] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions executable by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to: receive, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a TA value range to be used by the UE when operating in full duplex (FD), and transmit one or more uplink signals to the base station at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the TA value range.

[0016] In some aspects, the disclosure relates to techniques for adjusting timing advance provided to a UE in a timing advance command transmitted from a base station. In one example, a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network is described. The method includes receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0017] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network is described. The UE includes a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receive a timing advance command from a network access node, transmit a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, adjust a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and transmit an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0018] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the UE includes means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0019] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions executable by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to receive a timing advance command from a network access node, transmit a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, adjust a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and transmit an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0020] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network is described. The method includes operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode, transmitting an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by a first timing advance indicated by a first timing advance command, and transmitting an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by a second timing advance received during a specified FD mode window, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0021] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the method includes operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode, receiving a timing advance command including a timing advance and an increment value, transmitting an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the timing advance, and transmitting an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value.

[0022] In some aspects, another method of wireless communication by a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the method includes transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), receiving a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by a timing advance according to the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0023] In some aspects, a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. The network access node includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, where the processor and the memory are configured to transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), receive a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE, and receive an uplink signal adjusted by a timing advance according to the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0024] In some aspects, a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. The network access node is described to include means for transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), means for receiving a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE, and means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by a timing advance according to the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0025] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions executable by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), receive a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE, and receive an uplink signal adjusted by a timing advance according to the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0026] In some aspects, another method of wireless communication by a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the method includes transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), where the timing advance command includes a first timing advance associated with a half duplex (HD) mode and a second timing advance associated with a full duplex (FD) mode, receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0027] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication by a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the method includes transmitting a timing advance command, the command including a first timing advance associated with a HD mode and a second timing advance associated with a FD mode, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0028] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication by a network access node in a wireless communication network is described. In this example, the method includes transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), where the timing advance command includes a timing advance and an increment value, receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during a HD mode, and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during a FD mode.

[0029] These and other aspects of this disclosure will become more fully understood after reviewing the following detailed description. Other aspects, features, and embodiments of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the following description and, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. While features of this disclosure may be discussed with respect to certain embodiments and figures below, all embodiments of this disclosure may include one or more advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more such features may also be used according to the various embodiments of this disclosure discussed herein. Similarly, while exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as embodiments of an apparatus, system, or method, it should be understood that such exemplary embodiments may be implemented in various apparatuses, systems, and methods. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system based on some aspects.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of radio access networks based on certain aspects.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure used in a radio access network, based on some aspects.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system that supports beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication according to some aspects.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of beamforming communication between a Radio Access Network (RAN) node and a wireless communication device, according to some aspects.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a signaling diagram illustrating an example of signaling between a user equipment (UE) and a base station for downlink beam management, based on some aspects.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a signaling diagram illustrating an example of signaling between a UE and a base station for uplink beam management, based on some aspects.

[0037] Figure 8A , 8B 8C is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication network and interference sources for a full-duplex (FD) gNB, a half-duplex (HD) UE, a first full-duplex UE, and a second full-duplex UE, based on some aspects.

[0038] Figure 9(B) in FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a frequency division duplex (FDD) full duplex (FD) modulation scheme, in accordance with some aspects. Figure 9 (C) in FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a time division duplex (TDD) half duplex (HD) modulation scheme, in accordance with some aspects. Figure 9 (D) in FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a TDD FD modulation scheme, in accordance with some aspects. Figure 9 (E) in FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an in-band full duplex (IBFD) modulation scheme, in accordance with some aspects.

[0039] Figure 10A is a diagram illustrating two examples of IBFD modulation, in accordance with some aspects.

[0040] Figure 10B is a diagram illustrating an example of sub-band FD, in accordance with some aspects.

[0041] Figure 11A is a diagram depicting a top antenna array, in accordance with some aspects.

[0042] Figure 11B is a diagram illustrating a transmit or receive configuration of two antenna panels.

[0043] Figure 12 is a timing diagram illustrating timing advance operations for a plurality of UEs in a wireless communication system, in accordance with some aspects.

[0044] Figure 13 illustrates a timing diagram illustrating the use of absolute timing advance and timing advance range, in accordance with some aspects.

[0045] Figure 14 illustrates another timing diagram illustrating an example of applying a timing advance range in a wireless communication system, in accordance with some aspects.

[0046] Figure 15 illustrates a diagram of a wireless communication system utilizing multiple transmission and reception points, in accordance with some aspects.

[0047] Figure 16 illustrates Figure 15 an example timing diagram of the application of transmit symbols and timing advance range for a system.

[0048] Figure 17 illustrates another example timing diagram of the application of transmit symbols and timing advance range, in accordance with some aspects.

[0049] Figure 18 is a call flow diagram of the application of transmit symbols and timing advance range in a communication system, in accordance with some aspects.

[0050] Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a base station employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0051] Figure 20 is a flow diagram of an example process for applying timing advance according to some aspects.

[0052] Figure 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a base station employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0053] Figure 22 is a flow diagram of another example process for applying timing advance according to some aspects.

[0054] Figure 23 is a signaling diagram illustrating multiple possible opportunities for a UE to inform a base station of the UE’s capabilities regarding timing advance adjustments according to some aspects.

[0055] Figure 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a user equipment (UE) employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0056] Figure 25 is a flow diagram of an example process of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects.

[0057] Figure 26 is a flow diagram of another example process of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects.

[0058] Figure 27 is a flow diagram of another example process of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects.

[0059] Figure 28 is a flow diagram of another example process of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects.

[0060] Figure 29 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network access node (e.g., base station) employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0061] Figure 30 is a flow diagram of an example process at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) according to some aspects.

[0062] Figure 31FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating another exemplary process at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects.

[0063] Figure 32 FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating another exemplary process at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects.

[0064] Figure 33 FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating another exemplary process at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Aspects of the disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for timing alignment in a cell, including signaling or indication of application of a fixed timing advance (TA) value or a range of TA values. In some cases, timing alignment can be achieved through the use of a technique known as timing advance, which instructs a user equipment (UE) to advance or delay its timing relative to a current uplink timing. Typically, timing alignment has been achieved using a fixed TA value.

[0066] In certain cases, at least one of the UE or the serving base station can use full duplex (FD) communication, in which downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions are transmitted and received simultaneously. However, FD communication presents certain challenges to maintaining timing alignment based on a fixed TA value. Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure provide techniques by which a UE can signal a range of TA values. In some cases, the range of TA values can allow a base station to manage timing differences that are less than a cyclic prefix (CP), while still providing UE flexibility to account for timing differences of the UE to adjust the TA value.

[0067] Further, in addition to being configured to apply a timing advance to uplink transmissions (e.g., a fixed TA value or a range of TA values), a UE can also be configured with the ability to adjust the timing advance provided to the UE in a timing advance command transmitted from a base station, in accordance with some aspects described herein. The ability to adjust the timing advance provided to the UE in a timing advance command can further improve latency and spectral efficiency by allowing each UE to fine-tune the timing advance provided to it by a base station.

[0068] The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the appended drawings and embodiments described therin, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without

[0069] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided based on frequency / wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 - 52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar naming controversy can occur with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite straddling the line between the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)’s “millimeter wave” band (27 GHz - 300 GHz) and extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz).

[0070] With the above aspects in mind, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that the terms “sub-6 GHz,” and the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Also, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that the terms “millimeter wave,” and the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, or can be within the EHF band.

[0071] While aspects and embodiments are described in this application by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases can come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein can be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements, etc. For example, embodiments and / or uses can come about via integrated chip embodiments and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples can or can not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described innovations can come about. Implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and can include agglomerations of various implementations of aspects described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features can also necessarily include additional components and features for implementation and practice of the claimed and described embodiments. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components, hardware, software, etc. (for example, including hardware components such as antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processors, interleavers, adders, etc.) for analog and digital purposes. It is intended that innovations described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.

[0072] The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure can be implemented across a Figure 1 As illustrative examples, not limitations, various aspects of the disclosure are presented in reference to a wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 100 includes three interacting domains: a core network 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and at least one scheduled entity 106. In the following discussion, the at least one scheduled entity 106 can be referred to as a user equipment (UE) 106. The RAN 104 includes at least one scheduling entity 108. In the following discussion, the at least one scheduling entity 108 can be referred to as a base station (BS) 108. By virtue of the wireless communication system 100, the UE 106 can be enabled to communicate data with an external data network 110, such as (but not limited to) the Internet.

[0073] The RAN 104 can implement any suitable wireless communication technique to provide radio access to the UEs 106. As one example, the RAN 104 can operate according to 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) specifications, often referred to as 5G. As another example, the RAN 104 can operate under a hybrid of 5G NR and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standards, often referred to as LTE. The 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as a Next Generation RAN, or NG-RAN. Of course, many other examples can be used within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0074] As shown, the RAN 104 includes multiple base stations 108. Broadly, a base station is a network element in a radio access network that serves the UEs or wireless communication devices in one or more cells. A base station can also be variously known as a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), a NodeB (NB), an eNode B (eNB), a gNode B (gNB), a network access node, a transmission and reception point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology. In some examples, the base station can include two or more TRPs that can or can not be co-located. Each TRP can communicate on the same or different carrier frequencies.

[0075] The RAN 104 is also shown to support wireless communication for multiple mobile devices. A mobile device in 3GPP standards can be referred to as user equipment (UE), but can also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE can be a device that provides access to network services for a user.

[0076] In the present document, a "mobile" device can not necessarily have a capability to move or be mobile. The term mobile device or mobile equipment refers broadly to various devices and technologies. A UE can include multiple hardware structural components in different sizes, shapes, and arrangements to facilitate communication; such components can include an antenna, an antenna array, an RF chain, an amplifier, one or more processors, etc. electrically coupled to one another. For example, some non-limiting examples of a mobile device include a mobile device, a cellular (cell) phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal computer (PC), a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a broad array of embedded systems, e.g., corresponding to an "Internet of Things" (IoT). A mobile device can also be an automotive or other transportation vehicle, a remote sensor or actuator, a robot or robotic device, a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, an object tracking device, a drone, a multi-copter, a quad-copter, a remote control device, a consumer and / or wearable device, a smart watch, a health or fitness tracker, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, etc. A mobile device can also be a digital home or smart home device, e.g., a home audio, video, and / or multimedia device, a domestic appliance, an automatic vending machine, smart lighting, a home security system, a smart meter, etc. A mobile device can also be a smart energy device, a security device, a solar panel or solar array, a control for electric power (e.g., smart grid), lighting, water, municipal infrastructure device, industrial automation and enterprise device, logistics controller, agricultural device, etc. Additionally, a mobile device can provide for connected medicine or telemedicine support, i.e., medicine that is provided over a telecommunication connection. Telehealth devices can include telehealth monitoring devices and telehealth management devices, whose communication can be given preferential treatment or prioritized access over other types of information, e.g., in prioritized access for transport of critical service data and / or related QoS for transport of critical service data.

[0077] Wireless communication between RAN 104 and UE 106 can be described as utilizing an air interface. Transmissions via the air interface from a base station (e.g., base station 108) to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 106) can be referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. According to certain aspects of this disclosure, the term downlink can refer to point-to-multipoint transmissions originating from a scheduling entity (further described below; e.g., base station 108). Another way to describe this scheme might be using the term broadcast channel multiplexing. Transmissions from a UE (e.g., UE 106) to a base station (e.g., base station 108) can be referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions. According to other aspects of this disclosure, the term uplink can refer to point-to-point transmissions originating from a scheduled entity (further described below; e.g., UE 106).

[0078] In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., base station 108) allocates resources for communication between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. In this disclosure, as further discussed below, the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities. That is, for scheduled communication, UE 106 of the scheduled entity may utilize the resources allocated by the scheduling entity 108.

[0079] Base station 108 is not the only entity that can act as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE can act as a scheduling entity to schedule resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). And as discussed further below, a UE can communicate directly with other UEs in a peer-to-peer and / or relay configuration.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, scheduling entity 108 can broadcast downlink service 112 to one or more scheduled entities 106. In a broader sense, scheduling entity 108 is a node or device responsible for scheduling services in a wireless communication network, including downlink service 112, and in some examples, uplink service 116 from one or more scheduled entities 106 to scheduling entity 108. On the other hand, scheduled entity 106 is a node or device that receives downlink control information 114, including but not limited to scheduling information (e.g., authorization), synchronization or timing information, or other control information from another entity in the wireless communication network (e.g., scheduling entity 108).

[0081] Furthermore, uplink and / or downlink control information and / or traffic information can be time-divided into frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols. As used herein, a symbol can refer to a time unit carrying one resource element (RE) per subcarrier in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. A slot can carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. A subframe can refer to a duration of 1 ms. Multiple subframes or slots can be grouped together to form a single frame or radio frame. Of course, these definitions are not required and any suitable organization of waveforms can be employed and various time divisions of the waveforms can have any suitable duration.

[0082] Generally, the base stations 108 can include a backhaul interface for communication with a backhaul 120 of a wireless communication system. The backhaul 120 can provide a link between the base stations 108 and a core network 102. Also, in some examples, the backhaul network can provide interconnection between individual base stations 108. Various types of backhaul interfaces can be employed, such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.

[0083] The core network 102 can be a part of the wireless communication system 100 and can be independent of the radio access technology used in the RAN 104. In some examples, the core network 102 can be configured according to 5G standards (e.g., 5GC). In other examples, the core network 102 can be configured according to a 4G evolved packet core (EPC), or any other suitable standard or configuration.

[0084] Referring now to Figure 2 , a schematic diagram of a RAN 200 is provided as an example, and not a limitation, as aspects can be used in a RAN 104 as discussed above, e.g., in FIG. 1, and Figure 1 The geographic region covered by the RAN 200 can be divided into cells. These cells are often examples of communication locations that a UE can camp on. Cells are usually identified by a unique identity provided by a base station that serves the cell. Each cell can be associated with a base station. For example, a base station can be associated with a cell in which the base station serves as an access point for the cell. A base station can also be associated with multiple cells. For example, a base station can serve as an access point for multiple cells. Figure 2 Macrocells 202, 204, and 206 and a small cell 208 are illustrated. Each of the macrocells 202, 204, and 206 and the small cell 208 can include one or more sectors (not shown). A sector is a sub-area of a cell. All sectors of a cell are served by the same base station. Radio links within a sector can be identified by a single logical identity belonging to that sector. In a cell divided into sectors, multiple sectors within a cell can be formed by groups of antennas, each group responsible for communication with UEs in a part of the cell.

[0085] Various base station arrangements can be used. For example, in Figure 2In particular, two base stations 210 and 212 are shown in cells 202 and 204; and a third base station 214 is shown controlling a remote radio head (RRH) 216 in cell 206. That is, a base station can have integrated antennas or can be connected by feeder cables to antennas or RRHs. In the illustrated example, cells 202, 204, and 206 can be referred to as macro cells because base stations 210, 212, and 214 support cells with large sizes. In addition, a base station 218 is shown in a small cell 208 (e.g., a microcell, picocell, femtocell, Home Base Station, Home Node B, Home eNode B, etc.) that can overlap with one or more macro cells. In this example, cell 208 can be referred to as a small cell because base station 218 supports a cell with a relatively small size. Cell sizes can be scaled according to system design and component limitations.

[0086] It should be appreciated that the RAN 200 can include any number of wireless base stations and cells. Further, relay nodes can be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of a given cell. The base stations 210, 212, 214, 218 provide wireless access points to a core network for any number of mobile apparatuses. In some examples, the base stations 210, 212, 214, and / or 218 can be the same as the base station / scheduling entity 108 shown in FIG. 1 and described above. Figure 1

[0087] Within the RAN 200, cells can include UEs that can be in communication with one or more sectors of each cell. Further, each base station 210, 212, 214, and 218 can be configured to provide an access point to a core network 102 (see FIG. 1) for all the UEs in the respective cells. For example, UEs 222 and 224 can be in communication with base station 210; UEs 226 and 228 can be in communication with base station 212; UEs 230 and 232 can be in communication with base station 214 by way of RRH 216; and UE 234 can be in communication with base station 218. In some examples, UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and / or 242 can be the same as the scheduled entities 106 shown in FIG. 1 and described above. Figure 1 Figure 1

[0088] In some examples, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 220, which can be a drone aircraft or quadcopter, can be a mobile network node and can be configured to function as a UE. For example, UAV 220 can operate within cell 202 by communicating with base station 210.

[0089] ​​​In another aspect of the RAN 200, sidelink signals can be used between UEs without necessarily relying on scheduling or control information from a base station. For example, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 226 and 228) can communicate with each other using peer to peer (P2P) or sidelink signals 227 without relaying that communication through a base station (e.g., base station 212). In another example, UE 238 is illustrated in communication with UEs 240 and 242. Here, UE 238 can be acting as a scheduling entity or a primary sidelink device, and UEs 240 and 242 can each be acting as a scheduled entity or a non-primary (e.g., secondary) sidelink device. In yet another example, a UE can act as a scheduling entity or a scheduled entity in a device-to-device (D2D), peer-to-peer (P2P), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) network, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and / or in a mesh network. In a mesh networking example, UEs 240 and 242 can optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the UE 238 (acting as a scheduling entity). Thus, in a wireless communication system with scheduled access to time-frequency resources and having a cellular configuration, a P2P configuration, or a mesh configuration, a scheduling entity and one or more scheduled entities can communicate utilizing the scheduled resources. In some examples, the sidelink signals 227 include sidelink traffic and sidelink control.

[0090] The air interface in the RAN 200 can utilize one or more multiplex and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication of multiple devices on the same spectrum. For example, 5G NR specifications utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) for DL transmissions from the base stations 210 to one or more UEs 222 and 224, and for UL transmissions from a UE 222 and 224 to the base stations 210. Additionally, for UL transmissions, 5G NR specifications support discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with a CP (also referred to as single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)). However, within the scope of the present disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes, and can utilize time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), sparse code multiple access (SCMA), resource spread multiple access (RSMA), or other suitable multiple access schemes. Further, multiplexing DL transmissions from the base stations 210 to the UEs 222 and 224 can be provided utilizing time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), sparse code multiplexing (SCM), or other suitable multiplexing schemes.

[0091] The air interface in the RAN 200 can also utilize one or more duplexing algorithms. Duplex refers to a point-to-point communication link where both endpoints can communicate with one another. Full-duplex means both endpoints can communicate with one another at the same time. Half-duplex means only one endpoint can send information to the other at a time. Half-duplex emulation is implemented for wireless links by using frequency division duplex (FDD) or time division duplex (TDD) schemes. In FDD, different carrier frequencies are used for transmission and reception. In TDD, the same carrier frequency is used for transmission and reception, and the time for transmission and reception is divided, e.g., using time slots. In a wireless link, a full-duplex channel generally relies on physical isolation, spatial separation, and appropriate interference cancellation technologies of the transmitter and receiver. Full-duplex emulation is often implemented for wireless links by using frequency division duplex (FDD) or space division duplex (SDD). In FDD, transmissions in different directions use different carrier frequencies. In SDD, transmissions in different directions use spatial division multiple access (SDMA). In other examples, full-duplex communication can be implemented within an unpaired spectrum (e.g., within a single carrier bandwidth), where transmissions in different directions occur within different sub-bands of the carrier bandwidth. This type of full-duplex communication can be referred to as sub-band full-duplex (SBFD), also known as flexible duplex.

[0092] Various aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to exemplary OFDM waveforms illustrated schematically in Figure 3 FIG. 1. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms in substantially the same manner as described below. That is, while some examples of the present disclosure can focus on OFDM links for clarity, it will be understood that the same principles apply to SC-FDMA waveforms as well.

[0093] Referring now to FIG. 3, Figure 3 , an extended view of an example DL subframe 302 is shown, illustrating an OFDM resource grid. However, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the PHY transmission structure for any particular application can differ from the examples described herein, depending on the application. Here, time is on the horizontal axis, in units of OFDM symbols; frequency is on the vertical axis, in units of subcarriers.

[0094] The resource grid 304 can be used to schematically represent time-frequency resources for a given antenna port. That is, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation with multiple antenna ports available, a corresponding number of resource grids 304 can be used for communication. The resource grid 304 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 306. An RE, which is 1 subcarrier x 1 symbol, is the smallest discrete part of the time-frequency grid, and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation used, each RE can represent one or more information bits. In some examples, a block of REs can be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or just resource block (RB) 308, which contains any suitable number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB can include 12 subcarriers, a number independent of the numerology used. In some examples, depending on the numerology, an RB can include any suitable number of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. In the present disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB, such as the RB 308, fully corresponds to a single direction of communication (transmission or reception by a given device).

[0095] Scheduling of UEs (e.g., scheduled entities) for downlink or uplink transmissions typically involves scheduling one or more REs 306 within one or more subbands. Thus, a UE generally utilizes only a subset of the resource grid 304. In some examples, a RB can be the smallest unit of resources that can be allocated to a UE. Thus, the more RBs scheduled for a UE, and the higher the modulation scheme chosen for the air interface, the higher the data rate for the UE.

[0096] In this illustration, the RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire bandwidth of the DL subframe 302, with some subcarriers illustrated above and below the RB 308. The DL subframe 302 can have a bandwidth corresponding to any number of RBs 308 in a given implementation. Also, in this illustration, the RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire duration of the DL subframe 302, although this is merely one possible example.

[0097] Each 1ms DL subframe 302 can be comprised of one or more adjacent slots. In Figure 3In the example shown, as an illustrative example, a DL subframe 302 includes four time slots 310. In some examples, time slots can be defined based on a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, a time slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. Additional examples may include micro-time slots, sometimes called shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs), which have a shorter duration (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols). These micro-time slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may be transmitted in some cases, occupying resources scheduled for ongoing time slot transmissions of the same or different UEs. Any number of resource blocks can be used within a subframe or time slot.

[0098] The expanded diagram of time slot 310 illustrates time slot 310 including control region 312 and data region 314. Typically, control region 312 can carry a control channel, and data region 314 can carry a data channel. Of course, a time slot can contain all DL, all UL, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. Figure 3 The structure shown is an example, and different time slot structures can be used, and each of one or more control regions and data regions can be included.

[0099] Although not in Figure 3 As shown, however, the various REs 306 within RB 308 can be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other REs 306 within RB 308 can also carry pilot or reference signals, including but not limited to demodulation reference signals (DMRS), control reference signals (CRS), or sounding reference signals (SRS). These pilot or reference signals can be provided to the receiving equipment to perform channel estimation for the corresponding channels, which enables coherent demodulation / detection of the control and / or data channels within RB 308.

[0100] In a DL transmission, a transmitting device (e.g., a scheduling entity) can allocate one or more REs 306 (e.g., within a control region 312) to carry DL control information including one or more DL control channels, such as a PBCH and / or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), etc., to one or more scheduled entities. The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) including but not limited to power control commands, scheduling information, an uplink grant, and / or a downlink assignment. The transmitting device can also allocate one or more REs 306 to carry other DL signals such as a DMRS; a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS); a channel state information—reference signal (CSI-RS); a primary synchronization signal (PSS); and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A UE can utilize the PSS and SSS to achieve time domain synchronization to radio frames, subframes, slots, and symbols; identify the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain; and identify the physical cell identity (PCI) of the cell, among other examples.

[0101] The synchronization signals PSS and SSS, and in some examples, the PBCH and PBCH DMRS, can be transmitted in a synchronization signal block (SSB) including 4 consecutive OFDM symbols, numbered in increasing order from 0 to 4 via a time index. In the frequency domain, an SSB can extend over 240 consecutive subcarriers, numbered in increasing order from 0 to 249 via a frequency index. Of course, the present disclosure is not limited to this particular SSB configuration. Other non-limiting examples can use more or fewer than two synchronization signals; can include one or more supplemental channels in addition to the PBCH; can omit the PBCH; and / or can use a different number of symbols / frequency and / or non-consecutive symbols / frequency for the SSB, within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0102] The PBCH can also include a master information block (MIB) including various system information as well as parameters for decoding a system information block (SIB). The SIB can be, for example, a SystemInformationType 1 (SIB1) that can include various additional system information. Examples of system information transmitted in the MIB can include, but are not limited to, a subcarrier spacing, a system frame number, a configuration of a PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0), and a search space for SIB1. Examples of additional system information transmitted in the SIB1 can include, but are not limited to, a random access search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. The MIB and SIB1 together provide minimum system information (SI) for initial access.

[0103] As described above, a BS can transmit synchronization signals (e.g., including PSS and SSS) in a network to enable UEs to synchronize with the BS, as well as SI (e.g., including MIB, RMSI, and OSI) to facilitate initial network access. The BS can transmit the PSS, the SSS, and / or the MIB via an SSB on the PBCH and can broadcast the RMSI and / or the OSI on the PDSCH.

[0104] A UE attempting to access a network can perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a BS (e.g., a PSS of a cell of the BS). The PSS can enable the UE to synchronize with a periodic timing of the BS and can indicate a physical layer identification value assigned to the cell. The UE can also receive an SSS from the BS that enables the UE to synchronize with the cell at a radio frame level. The SSS can also provide a cell identification value that the UE can combine with the physical layer identification value to identify the cell.

[0105] After receiving the PSS and the SSS, the UE can receive system information from the BS. The system information can be in the form of a master information block (MIB) and system information blocks (SIBs). The system information includes basic or critical information for the UE to access the network, such as downlink (DL) channel configuration information, uplink (UL) channel configuration information, access category information, and cell restriction information, among other less critical information. The MIB can include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for RMSI and / or OSI. After decoding the MIB, the UE can receive the RMSI and / or the OSI.

[0106] After obtaining the MIB, the RMSI, and / or the OSI, the UE can perform a random access procedure for initial access to a RAN (e.g., the RAN 200 of FIG. 2). The RAN (e.g., a base station) broadcasts information that enables the UE to determine how to proceed with initial access. This information can include a configuration of a random access channel (RACH) that the UE uses to communicate with the RAN during initial access. The RACH configuration can indicate, for example, resources allocated by the RAN to the RACH (e.g., resources allocated for transmitting a RACH preamble and receiving a random access response). Figure 2

[0107] For the random access procedure, the UE can transmit a random access preamble and the BS can respond with a random access response. Upon receiving the random access response, the UE can transmit a connection request to the BS and the BS can respond with a connection response (e.g., a contention resolution message). After establishing a connection, the UE and the BS can enter a normal operations phase in which operational data can be exchanged. For example, the BS can schedule the UE for UL communication and / or DL communication.

[0108] ​In UL transmissions, a transmitting device (e.g., scheduled entity 106) can utilize one or more REs 306 to carry UL control information including one or more UL control channels to the scheduling entity, such as a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). UL control information can include various groupings of information and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions. For example, UL control information can include DMRS or SRS. In some examples, the control information can include a scheduling request (SR), i.e., a request to the scheduling entity to schedule uplink transmissions. Here, in response to the SR transmitted on the control channel, the scheduling entity can transmit downlink control information that can schedule resources for uplink packet transmissions. UL control information can also include hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback, channel state feedback (CSF), or any other suitable UL control information.

[0109] In addition to control information, one or more REs 306 (e.g., within data region 314) can be allocated for user data traffic. Such traffic can be carried on one or more traffic channels, such as, for DL transmissions, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); or for UL transmissions, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In some examples, one or more REs 306 within data region 314 can be configured to carry SIBs (e.g., SIB1), carrying information that can allow access to a given cell.

[0110] The physical channels described above are typically multiplexed with and mapped into transport channels to be handled at the medium access control (MAC) layer. Transport channels carry information between the physical layer and the MAC layer. Based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and the number of RBs in a given transmission, a transport block size (TBS), which can correspond to a number of bits of information, can be a controlled parameter.

[0111] The channels or carriers described above in connection with Figures 1-3 The channels or carriers described need not be the only channels or carriers that can be employed to communicate information in the systems described herein— other channels or carriers can be used.

[0112] In some aspects of the disclosure, the scheduling entity and / or the scheduled entity can be configured for beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. Figure 4An example of a wireless communication system 400 supporting beamforming and / or MIMO is shown. In the MIMO system, transmitter 402 includes multiple transmit antennas 404 (e.g., N transmit antennas) and receiver 406 includes multiple receive antennas 408 (e.g., M receive antennas). Therefore, there are N×M signal paths 410 from the transmit antennas 404 to the receive antennas 408. Each of transmitter 402 and receiver 406 can be implemented, for example, within a scheduling entity, a scheduled entity, or any other suitable wireless communication device.

[0113] The use of this multi-antenna technology enables wireless communication systems to leverage the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity. Spatial multiplexing can be used to simultaneously transmit different data streams on the same time-frequency resources, also known as layers. Data streams can be sent to a single UE to increase the data rate or to multiple UEs to increase the overall system capacity; the latter is known as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream (i.e., multiplying the data stream with different weights and phase shifts) and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream through multiple transmit antennas on the downlink. The spatially precoded data streams arrive at UEs with different spatial characteristics, allowing each UE to recover one or more data streams destined for that UE. On the uplink, each UE transmits a spatially precoded data stream, enabling the base station to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.

[0114] The number of data streams or layers corresponds to the transmission rank. Typically, the rank of a wireless communication system 400 (MIMO system) is limited by the number of transmit or receive antennas 404 or 408, whichever is lower. Furthermore, the UE's channel conditions and other considerations (such as the base station's available resources) can also affect the transmission rank. For example, the rank allocated to a particular UE on the downlink (and therefore the number of data streams) can be determined based on a rank indicator (RI) sent from the UE to the base station. The RI can be determined based on the antenna configuration (e.g., the number of transmit and receive antennas) and the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) measured on each receive antenna. The RI can indicate, for example, the number of layers that can be supported under the current channel conditions. The base station can use the RI along with resource information (e.g., available resources and the amount of data to be scheduled for the UE) to allocate transmission ranks to the UE.

[0115] In one example, such as Figure 4 As shown, rank-2 spatial multiplexing transmission on a 2x2 MIMO antenna configuration will send a data stream from each transmit antenna 404. Each data stream arrives at each receive antenna 408 along a different signal path 410. The receiver 406 can then reconstruct the data stream using the received signals from each receive antenna 408.

[0116] Beamforming is a signal processing technique that can be used at the transmitter 402 or receiver 406 to shape or steer the antenna beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitter 402 and receiver 406. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via the antennas 404 or 408 (e.g., antenna elements of an antenna array module) such that some signals undergo constructive interference while other signals undergo destructive interference. To produce the desired constructive / destructive interference, the transmitter 402 or receiver 406 can apply amplitude and / or phase offsets to the signals transmitted or received from each antenna 404 or 408 associated with the transmitter 402 or receiver 406.

[0117] In 5G NR systems, beamformed signals can be used for most downlink channels, including the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), especially for above 6 GHz or millimeter wave systems. In addition, broadcast control information such as SSB, slot format indicator (SFI), and paging information can be transmitted in a beam sweeping manner to enable all scheduled entities (UEs) within the coverage of a transmission and reception point (TRP) (e.g., gNB) to receive the broadcast control information. Also, for UEs configured with a beamformed antenna array, beamformed signals can also be used for uplink channels, including the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0118] A base station (e.g., gNB) can generally be capable of communicating with a UE using transmit beams (e.g., downlink transmit beams) of different beamwidths. For example, a base station can be configured to use wider beams when communicating with a UE that is in motion and narrower beams when communicating with a stationary UE. A UE can also be configured to utilize one or more downlink receive beams to receive signals from a base station. In some examples, to select one or more downlink transmit beams and one or more downlink receive beams to communicate with a UE, a base station can transmit reference signals, such as SSBs or CSI-RSs, in a beam sweep manner on each of a plurality of downlink transmit beams. A UE can measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) on each downlink transmit beam using one or more downlink receive beams on the UE and transmit a beam measurement report to the base station, the measurement report indicating the RSRP of each measured downlink transmit beam. The base station can then select one or more serving downlink beams (e.g., downlink transmit beams and downlink receive beams) for communicating with the UE based on the beam measurement report. The resulting selected downlink transmit beams and downlink receive beams can form a downlink beam pair link. In other examples, when the channel is reciprocal, the base station can derive particular downlink beams to communicate with the UE based on uplink measurements of one or more uplink reference signals such as sounding reference signals (SRSs).

[0119] Similarly, uplink beams (e.g., uplink transmit beams at the UE and receive beams at the base station) can be selected by measuring the RSRP of received uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) or downlink reference signals (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RSs) during uplink or downlink beam sweeping. For example, a base station can determine uplink beams through uplink beam management via SRS beam sweeping measured at the base station or through downlink beam management via SSB / CSI-RS beam sweeping measured at the UE. The selected uplink beams can be indicated by selected SRS resources (e.g., time-frequency resources for transmission of SRSs) when uplink beam management is implemented or by selected SSB / CSI-RS resources when downlink beam management is implemented. For example, the selected SSB / CSI-RS resources can have a spatial relationship with the selected uplink transmit beams (e.g., uplink transmit beams for PUCCH, SRS, and / or PUSCH). The resulting selected uplink transmit beams and uplink receive beams can form an uplink beam pair link.

[0120] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating communication between a base station 504 and a UE 502 using beamformed signals according to some aspects. The base station 504 can be a gNB or another base station, and the UE 502 can be a user equipment or another device. Figure 1And / or any base station (e.g., gNB) or scheduling entity shown in Figure 2, and UE 502 may be Figure 1 And / or any UE or scheduled entity shown in 2.

[0121] exist Figure 5 In the example shown, base station 504 is configured to generate multiple beams 506a-506h, each associated with a different beam direction. Furthermore, UE 502 is configured to generate multiple beams 508a-508e, each associated with a different beam direction. Base station 504 and UE 502 can select one or more beams 506a-506h on base station 504 and one or more beams 508a-508e on UE 502 to perform communication between uplink and downlink signals using downlink beam management schemes and / or uplink beam management schemes.

[0122] In an example of a downlink beam management scheme for selecting downlink beams, base station 504 can be configured to scan or transmit on each of the multiple downlink transmit beams 506a-506h during one or more synchronization time slots. For example, base station 504 can transmit reference signals, such as SSB or CSI-RS, on each beam in different beam directions during synchronization time slots. The transmission of beam reference signals can occur periodically (e.g., configured via gNB Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling), semi-permanently (e.g., configured by gNB via RRC signaling and activated / deactivated via Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling), or aperiodically (e.g., triggered by gNB via downlink control information (DCI)). It should be noted that although some beams are shown as adjacent to each other, this arrangement can differ in various ways. For example, downlink transmit beams 506a-506h transmitted during the same symbol period may not be adjacent to each other. In some examples, base station 504 can transmit more or fewer beams distributed in all directions (e.g., 360 degrees).

[0123] Furthermore, UE 502 is configured to receive downlink beam reference signals on multiple downlink receive beams 508a-508e. In some examples, UE 502 searches for and identifies each downlink transmit beam 506a-506h based on the beam reference signals. UE 502 then performs beam measurements (e.g., RSRP, SINR, RSRQ, etc.) on the beam reference signals on each downlink receive beam 508a-508e to determine the corresponding beam quality of each downlink transmit beam 506a-506h as measured on each downlink receive beam 508a-508e.

[0124] The UE 502 can generate and transmit a beam measurement report to the base station 504 including a respective beam index and beam measurement for each downlink transmit beam 506a-506h on each downlink receive beam 508a-508e. The base station 504 can then select one or more downlink transmit beams on which to transmit unicast downlink control information and / or user data traffic to the UE 502. In some examples, the selected downlink transmit beams have the highest gain from the beam measurement report. In some examples, the UE 502 can further identify the downlink transmit beams selected by the base station from the beam measurements. Transmission of the beam measurement report can occur periodically (e.g., configured by the gNB via RRC signaling), semi-persistently (e.g., configured by the gNB via RRC signaling and activated / deactivated via MAC-CE signaling), or aperiodically (e.g., triggered by the gNB through DCI).

[0125] The base station 504 or the UE 502 can further select a respective downlink receive beam on the UE 502 for each selected serving downlink transmit beam to form a respective downlink beam pair link (BPL) for each selected serving downlink transmit beam. For example, the UE 502 can utilize the beam measurements to select a corresponding downlink receive beam for each serving downlink transmit beam. In some examples, the selected downlink receive beam paired with a particular downlink transmit beam can have the highest gain for that particular downlink transmit beam.

[0126] In one example, a single downlink transmit beam (e.g., beam 506d) on the base station 504 and a single downlink receive beam (e.g., beam 508c) on the UE can form a single downlink BPL for communication between the base station 504 and the UE 502. In another example, multiple downlink transmit beams (e.g., beams 506c, 506d, and 506e) on the base station 504 and a single downlink receive beam (e.g., beam 508c) on the UE 502 can form respective downlink BPLs for communication between the base station 504 and the UE 502. In another example, multiple downlink transmit beams (e.g., beams 506c, 506d, and 506e) on the base station 504 and multiple downlink receive beams (e.g., beams 508c and 508d) on the UE 502 can form multiple downlink BPLs for communication between the base station 504 and the UE 502. In this example, a first downlink BPL can include downlink transmit beam 506c and downlink receive beam 508c, a second downlink BPL can include downlink transmit beam 506d and downlink receive beam 508c, and a third downlink BPL can include downlink transmit beam 506e and downlink receive beam 508d.

[0127] The above downlink beam management schemes can also be used to select one or more uplink BPLs for uplink communication from the UE 502 to the base station 504 when the channel is reciprocal. For example, the downlink BPL formed by beams 506d and 508e can also serve as an uplink BPL. Here, beam 508c serves as an uplink transmit beam and beam 506d serves as an uplink receive beam.

[0128] In an example of an uplink beam management scheme, the UE 502 can be configured to sweep or transmit on each of a plurality of uplink transmit beams 508a-508e. For example, the UE 502 can transmit SRS on each beam in different beam directions. In addition, the base station 504 can be configured to receive uplink beam reference signals on a plurality of uplink receive beams 506a-506h. In some examples, the base station 504 searches for and identifies each uplink transmit beam 508a-508e based on the beam reference signals. The base station 504 then performs beam measurements (e.g., RSRP, SINR, RSRQ, etc.) on the beam reference signals on each uplink receive beam 506a-506h to determine a respective beam quality for each uplink transmit beam 508a-508a as measured on each uplink receive beam 506a-506h.

[0129] The base station 504 can then select one or more uplink transmit beams on which the UE 502 will transmit unicast downlink control information and / or user data traffic to the base station 504. In some examples, the selected uplink transmit beams have the highest gain. The base station 504 can also select a respective uplink receive beam at the base station 504 for each selected serving uplink transmit beam to form a respective uplink beam pair link (BPL) for each selected serving uplink transmit beam. For example, the base station 504 can utilize beam measurements to select a corresponding uplink receive beam for each serving uplink transmit beam. In some examples, the selected uplink receive beam paired with a particular uplink transmit beam can have the highest gain for that particular uplink transmit beam.

[0130] The base station 504 can then inform the UE 502 of the selected uplink transmit beams. For example, the base station 504 can provide SRS resource identifiers (IDs) that identify the SRS transmitted on the selected uplink transmit beams. In some examples, the base station 504 can apply each selected uplink transmit beam (and corresponding uplink receive beam) to an uplink signal (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, etc.) and transmit a respective SRS resource ID to the UE 502 associated with the selected uplink transmit beam applied to each uplink signal. The above uplink beam management scheme can also be used to select one or more downlink BPLs for downlink communications from the base station 504 to the UE 502 when the channels are reciprocal. For example, the uplink BPLs can also be used as downlink BPLs.

[0131] Figure 6 An example of signaling between a UE 602 and a base station 604 for downlink beam management is shown in accordance with some aspects. The UE 602 can correspond to any of the UEs or scheduled entities shown in FIGs. 1-4 and / or 5. Further, the base station 604 can correspond to any of the base stations or scheduling entities shown in FIGs. 1-4 and / or 5. Figure 1 , 2 Figure 1 2

[0132] ​​​At 606, the base station 604 performs a beam sweep to transmit a reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) to the UE 602 on each of a plurality of downlink transmit beams. At 608, the UE 602 identifies and measures, for each downlink transmit beam received by the UE, a RSRP or other suitable beam measurement of the respective beam reference signal on each downlink receive beam of the UE. Further, at 610, the UE 602 transmits a beam measurement report including the beam measurements to the base station 604. At 612, the base station 604 can then select one or more serving downlink transmit beams on which to transmit unicast downlink control information and / or user data traffic to the UE 602. In some examples, the selected serving downlink transmit beams have the highest gain from the beam measurement report.

[0133] At 614, the UE 602 forms a downlink BPL between the serving downlink transmit beams and serving downlink receive beams. In some examples, the UE 602 can select a respective serving downlink receive beam for each selected serving downlink transmit beam to form a downlink BPL. For example, the UE 602 can identify a serving downlink transmit beam (e.g., the downlink transmit beam with the highest gain, where the number of downlink transmit beams is known based on, for example, UE capabilities). The UE 602 can then select a respective downlink receive beam for each serving downlink transmit beam based on the beam measurements. In some examples, the selected downlink receive beam paired with a particular downlink transmit beam can have the highest gain for that particular downlink transmit beam.

[0134] Figure 7 An example of signaling between a UE 702 and a base station 704 for uplink beam management is shown in accordance with some aspects. The UE 702 can correspond to any of the UEs or scheduled entities shown in FIGs. 1-6. Further, the base station 704 can correspond to any of the base stations or scheduling entities shown in FIGs. 1-6. Figure 1 、 2 、4、5 and / or 6. Further, the base station 704 can correspond to any of the base stations or scheduling entities shown in FIGs. 1-6. Figure 1 、 2 、4、5 and / or 6. Further, the base station 704 can correspond to any of the base stations or scheduling entities shown in FIGs. 1-6.

[0135] At 706, the UE 702 performs a beam sweep to transmit a reference signal (e.g., SRS) to the base station 704 on each of a plurality of uplink transmit beams. At 708, the base station 704 identifies and measures the RSRP or other appropriate beam measurements for each uplink transmit beam received by the base station for the respective beam reference signal on each uplink receive beam of the base station. At 710, the base station 704 can then select one or more serving uplink transmit beams on which the UE 702 will transmit unicast downlink control information and / or user data traffic to the base station 704. In some examples, the selected serving uplink transmit beams obtain the highest gain from the beam measurement report.

[0136] At 712, the base station 704 forms an uplink BPL between the serving uplink transmit beams and serving uplink receive beams. In some examples, the base station 704 can select a corresponding serving uplink receive beam for each selected serving uplink transmit beam to form an uplink BPL. For example, the base station 704 can select a corresponding uplink receive beam for each serving uplink transmit beam based on the beam measurements. In some examples, the selected uplink receive beam paired with a particular uplink transmit beam can have the highest gain for that particular uplink transmit beam. At 714, the base station 704 informs the UE 702 of the selected uplink transmit beams. For example, the base station 704 can provide an SRS resource ID associated with each selected serving uplink transmit beam. The base station 704 can further indicate the selected uplink transmit beam to apply for each uplink signal (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, etc.).

[0137] As described above, the UE and base station (e.g., gNB) can use full-duplex communication. Figure 8A 、 8B FIGs. 8A, 8B, 8C are diagrams of a wireless communication network 800 and a full-duplex gNB 802 (e.g., a scheduling entity), a half-duplex UE 806, a first full-duplex UE 812, and a second full-duplex UE 808, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 806, 808, or 812 can correspond to any of the UEs or scheduled entities shown in FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and / or 7. Figure 1 、 2 FIGs. 8A, 8B, 8C are diagrams of a wireless communication network 800 and a full-duplex gNB 802 (e.g., a scheduling entity), a half-duplex UE 806, a first full-duplex UE 812, and a second full-duplex UE 808, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 806, 808, or 812 can correspond to any of the UEs or scheduled entities shown in FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and / or 7.

[0138] At 706, the UE 702 performs a beam sweep to transmit a reference signal (e.g., SRS) to the base station 704 on each of a plurality of uplink transmit beams. At 708, the base station 704 identifies and measures the RSRP or other appropriate beam measurements for each uplink transmit beam received by the base station for the respective beam reference signal on each uplink receive beam of the base station. At 710, the base station 704 can then select one or more serving uplink transmit beams on which the UE 702 will transmit unicast downlink control information and / or user data traffic to the base station 704. In some examples, the selected serving uplink transmit beams obtain the highest gain from the beam measurement report. Figure 8AIn the diagram, full-duplex gNB 802 is transmitting to half-duplex UE 806. During the transmission from full-duplex gNB 802 to half-duplex UE 806, full-duplex gNB 802 is receiving self-interference 810 from its own transmission to half-duplex UE 806, as well as interference from the adjacent gNB 804 and the uplink transmission from the second full-duplex UE 808, at its receiver (not shown). Half-duplex UE 806 is also receiving interference from the second full-duplex UE 808 and the adjacent gNB 804. Because it is a half-duplex UE, half-duplex UE 806 does not transmit during the transmission time from full-duplex gNB 802 to half-duplex UE 806, and therefore, half-duplex UE 806 does not receive self-interference. Full-duplex gNB 802 and the adjacent gNB 804 can each correspond to... Figure 1 , 2 Any base station or scheduling entity shown in 4, 5, 6 and / or 7.

[0139] exist Figure 8B In this context, full-duplex gNB 802 is transmitting downlink data to the first full-duplex UE 812. During this downlink transmission, full-duplex gNB 802 simultaneously receives uplink data from the first full-duplex UE 812 at its receiver (not shown). Simultaneously with these downlink and uplink transmissions, the first full-duplex UE 812 is receiving self-interference 814 from its own transmission to full-duplex gNB 802, as well as interference from its neighboring gNB 804 and interference from the second full-duplex UE 808 at its receiver (not shown).

[0140] exist Figure 8C In the above scenario, full-duplex gNB 802 is receiving uplink transmissions from the first full-duplex UE 812. During the time the uplink transmission is sent to full-duplex gNB 802, the first full-duplex UE 812 is also receiving transmissions from its neighboring gNB 804. In addition to the signals received from the neighboring gNB 804, the first full-duplex UE 812 also receives self-interference 816 at its receiver (not shown) from its own transmissions to full-duplex gNB 802. For example, it is also possible to... Figure 8C The illustration is intended to depict two Transmit / Receive Points (TRPs) and two UEs. For example, a first full-duplex gNB 804 can be replaced by a first Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), and an adjacent gNB 804 can be replaced by a second TRP. The first TRP can be configured to receive uplink signals only, and the second TRP can be configured to transmit downlink signals only. The first TRP and the second TRP can be placed side-by-side or spaced apart.

[0141] for Figure 8A For half-duplex UE 806, interference from adjacent gNB 804 and the second full-duplex UE 808 occurs at frequencies different from the downlink transmission frequency from full-duplex gNB 802 to half-duplex UE 806, thus mitigating interference. Similarly, for Figure 8B and 8C The first full-duplex UE 812 can mitigate interference if the self-interference 816 from the first full-duplex UE 812, the interference from the adjacent gNB 804, and / or the interference from the second full-duplex UE 808 are at frequencies different from those occupied by the downlink transmission from the full-duplex gNB 802 to the half-duplex UE 806.

[0142] Figure 9 (A) is a tabular description 900 of a plurality of 5G NR operating bands 902 (e.g., radio channels), UL operating band frequencies 904, DL operating band frequencies 906, and duplex modes 908 associated with each of the 5G NR operating bands 902, according to certain aspects of this disclosure.

[0143] Figure 9 Figure (B) is a diagram illustrating an FDD-FD modulation scheme 910 according to some aspects of this disclosure. Figure 9 In the example shown in (B), time is shown along the horizontal axis, while frequency is shown along the vertical axis. Multiple Physical Uplink Shared Channels (PUSCH) 912 and Uplink Control Channel 914 are depicted as occupancy identifiable as nx UL. FDD The UL operating frequency band. Multiple downlink data channels 916 (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) and downlink control channel 918 are depicted as occupying the identifier nx DL. FDD DL operating band. UL operating band nx UL FDD and DL operating band nx DL FDD It is described as being protected by a 920-degree frequency band. The given NX operating frequency band is specified in the NX UL specification. FDD Uplink operating band and nx DL FDD The paired use of operating frequency bands can be referred to as paired spectrum. The naming convention "nx" indicates any one of the 5G NR operating frequency bands 902 designated for FDD mode in duplex mode 908. Subgroups 922 of all 5G NR operating frequency bands 902 designated for FDD mode in duplex mode 908 are... Figure 9 (A) indicates the operating frequency band. The operating frequency band is illustrative and not restrictive.

[0144] Figure 9 (C) is a diagram illustrating a TDD HD modulation scheme 930 according to some aspects of this disclosure.Figure 9 In the example shown in (C), time is shown along the horizontal axis, while frequency is shown along the vertical axis. Multiple downlink data channels 932 and downlink control channels 934 are depicted as occupancy identifiable as ny UL&DL. TDD Operating frequency band. Single operating frequency band ny UL&DL TDD UL and DL information are separated in time (e.g., they do not occupy the same time slot simultaneously) for uplink and downlink. The NX UL is given by the NX operating frequency band. FDD The unpaired use of the uplink operating band and the nx DLFDD operating band (both at the same frequency or in the same band) can be referred to as unpaired spectrum. The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) 936 and the Uplink Control Channel 938 are depicted as occupying a single operating band ny UL&DL. TDD The naming convention "ny" indicates any of the 5G NR operating bands 902 specified for TDD mode in duplex mode 908. Subgroups 923 specifying all 5G NR operating bands 902 for TDD mode in duplex mode 908 are... Figure 9 (A) indicates the operating frequency band. The operating frequency band is illustrative and not restrictive.

[0145] Figure 9 (D) in the diagram is an illustration of a TDD-FD modulation scheme 940 (also known as sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) and flexible TDD) according to some aspects of this disclosure. Figure 9 In the example shown in (D), time is plotted along the horizontal axis and frequency along the vertical axis. Figure 9 As shown in example diagram (D) in the diagram, full-duplex networks can use "subband FDD" (e.g., as shown in the diagram) in unpaired spectrum. Figure 10B (As shown), transmissions in different directions are carried in different subbands or BWPs with the same carrier bandwidth. Multiple downlink data channels 944 and downlink control channels 942, as well as multiple PUSCH 946 and uplink control channels 948, are depicted as occupancy identifiers nz UL&DL. FD Operating frequency band. Single operating frequency band nz UL&DL FD Used for both uplink and downlink, without temporally separating UL and DL information (e.g., they do occupy the same time slots simultaneously). The naming convention "nz" indicates that any of the 5G NR operating bands 902 specified for TDD mode is used in duplex mode 908. Subgroups 923 of all 5G NR operating bands 902 specified for TDD mode in duplex mode 908 are... Figure 9 (A) in the text represents this. Figure 9The first guard band 950 and the second guard band 952 are depicted in (D). The first guard band 950 and the second guard band 952 can be the same bandwidth or different bandwidths. One or both of the first guard band 950 and the second guard band 952 can be a zero bandwidth guard band. The first guard band 950 and the second guard band 952 in the unpaired spectrum (individually or collectively) can be less than the guard band 920 in the paired spectrum.

[0146] Various examples of TDD FD operation are shown in Figure 10A and 10B . Figure 10A is a diagram showing two examples of in-band full-duplex (IBFD) modulation 1000 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. IBFD is the overlap of the same UL and DL time-frequency resources and can apply in cases of partial or complete overlap of time-frequency resources for DL and UL transmissions as shown in Figure 10A and 10B . In the example shown in Figure 10A , time is shown along the horizontal axis and frequency is shown along the vertical axis. A first example 1002 of IBFD is depicted on the left, while a second example 1004 is depicted on the right. In the first example 1002, UL time-frequency resources 1006 completely overlap with a portion of DL time-frequency resources 1008. In the second example 1004, UL time-frequency resources 1010 partially overlap with a portion of DL time-frequency resources 1012. Thus, devices, such as base stations and / or scheduled entities, employing IBFD can transmit and receive on the same time and frequency resources. That is, a device can transmit and receive at the same time on the same frequency (or frequencies). The UL and DL share the same time and frequency resources. The overlap of time-frequency resources can be complete, as in the first example 1002, or partial, as in the second example 1004.

[0147] Figure 10B is a diagram showing examples of sub-band FDD 1014 (also referred to as flexible duplexing) in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In the example shown in Figure 10B , time is shown along the horizontal axis and frequency is shown along the vertical axis. In sub-band FDD 1014, a device can transmit and receive at the same time but on different frequency resources (e.g., within the same carrier bandwidth) in the unpaired spectrum. UL resources 1016 are separated from DL resources 1018 by a guard band 1020.

[0148] Figure 11Ais a diagram depicting an antenna array 1100 of a TRP 1102 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna array 1100 is split into two panels (panel 1 1104, panel 2 1106) with a physical separation 1108 in between. Each of the two panels can be an antenna subarray. A given panel can transmit and / or receive a beam or a group of beams. The TRP 1102 can be a base station. The following discussion can also apply to an antenna array in another type of device (e.g., a UE). If implemented in a UE, the panels of the antenna array would be located at different locations on the UE (e.g., front panel, back panel, etc.).

[0149] Figure 11B is a diagram depicting a transmission or reception configuration of the two panels (panel 1 1104, panel 2 1106) of Figure 11A . The transmission (TX) and reception (RX) configurations of the two panels are depicted for various DL and UL channels that can be implemented in a device (e.g., a scheduling entity or a scheduled entity). Exemplary signaling is depicted above the transmission or reception configurations of the two panels. In an example, time is shown along the horizontal axis, while frequency is shown along the vertical axis.

[0150] On the left of Figure 11B , when the antenna array 1100 is communicating in only a single direction at a time, both panel 1 1104 and panel 2 1106 can be configured for one-way communication. For example, both panel 1 1104 and panel 2 1106 can be configured to transmit DL control 1110 and DL data 1112. On the right of Figure 11B , when the antenna array 1100 is transmitting a combination of DL control and DL data (similar to DL control 1110 and DL data 1112) and receiving UL data (e.g., PUSCH 1114) and UL control 1118 at the same time, panel 1 1104 can be configured for DL transmission and panel 2 1106 can be configured for UL reception. This configuration allows for full-duplex operation. According to one aspect, the full-duplex operation described in the center of Figure 11B may be referred to as “sub-band full-duplex” (SBFD) in unpaired spectrum, where transmissions of different directions are carried in different sub-bands or BWPs of the same carrier bandwidth. In Figure 11BOn the right side, when the antenna array 1100 is receiving only UL data (e.g., PUSCH 1120) and UL control 1122, both panel 1 1104 and panel 2 1106 can be configured for UL reception. The antenna array 1100 can thus be configured for TDD or full duplex operation (e.g., flexible TDD). The physical separation 1108 between panel 1 1104 and panel 2 1106 can provide improved isolation between panels (e.g., improved isolation greater than about 50 dB) compared to two panels without the physical separation 1108. By way of example, flexible TDD can describe operating using two panels in either of the following modes: TDD mode (there are two panels on the gNB and one or more panels on the UE configured for DL or UL), or SBFD mode (there is one panel on each of the gNB and UE configured for UL and another panel on each of the gNB and UE configured for DL). Thus, SBFD provides simultaneous uplink and downlink communication. Furthermore, IBFD provides synchronous uplink and downlink communication. In IBFD, uplink time-frequency resources can fully or partially overlap with downlink time-frequency resources. Flexible TDD, SBFD, and IBFD are some examples of full duplex multiplexing, which provide simultaneous transmission and reception.

[0151] Full duplex communication and timing progression

[0152] As previously mentioned, the present disclosure relates to full duplex (FD) communication with simultaneous UL and DL transmission, referred to herein as “FD mode.” The term can include SBFD in flexible TDD, but can also include FDD in paired spectrum, SBFD in unpaired spectrum, in-band full duplex (IBFD), or partial overlap band full duplex or full overlap band full duplex or other types of full duplex operation. Various aspects of the present disclosure can be applicable to FD mode in FR2 and / or other frequency bands.

[0153] FD mode capability can be implemented at a base station (e.g., gNB), a UE, or both. In one example, a UE that supports FD mode can have two antenna panels (e.g., one front panel and one back panel). The UE can transmit uplink signaling from the front panel and receive downlink signaling at the back panel. Some UEs can have four panels (or four antenna array modules); one in each corner of the UE. The present disclosure is not limited to UEs with two or four panels. Base stations typically support more than four panels. This allows the base station to precisely steer multiple antenna beams over the entire field of view of the base station (e.g., 180 or 360 degrees).

[0154] In some aspects, FD mode operation can depend on whether there is sufficient beam separation between antennas and / or other factors. The term beam separation relates to the degree to which a first beam receives energy from a second beam. The first beam can be beamformed at a first panel and the second beam can be beamformed at a second panel. The two panels can be at the same entity (e.g., the two panels can be collocated at a base station or the two panels can be collocated at a UE). Beam separation can depend on the degree to which the first beam of the first panel receives energy from the second beam of the second panel. A beamformed antenna beam is formed by a plurality of antenna elements. A beamformed beam is not isotropic; the gain of the beam varies with the azimuth and elevation angles relative to the panel. Thus, a beam has directivity. Even when the first beam and the second beam are pointed in the same direction (i.e., the beams are not pointed at each other), the sidelobes of each beam can interact and facilitate energy transfer from one beam to the other. Thus, the term beam separation depends not only on physical separation, but also on, for example, beam shape (e.g., the narrowness of the beam main lobe and the location and gain of the sidelobes) and beam pointing angles.

[0155] A pair of a transmit beam and a receive beam can have insufficient beam separation if interference (e.g., unwanted energy, noise) from the transmit beam to the receive beam raises the noise (e.g., unwanted energy in a given bandwidth) to a level where the desired signal cannot be distinguished from the noise.

[0156] Beam separation and FD mode, e.g., implementing SBFD, allows a UE or a base station to support uplink and downlink signaling at the same time (simultaneously) and at the same frequency (e.g., within one carrier bandwidth).

[0157] In some aspects, FD mode capability can improve (e.g., reduce) latency. For example, a UE operating according to half-duplex TDD operation must wait for a scheduled uplink subframe before it can transmit an uplink message to a base station. However, using FD mode, the UE can respond using an uplink frame while receiving a downlink frame. For example, ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) requires low latency between DL and UL. In FD mode, the UE can transmit uplink and receive downlink at the same time, thereby improving latency (by eliminating the need to wait for an uplink subframe to transmit an uplink signal).

[0158] During operation, 5G NR uplink allows for intra-cell uplink orthogonality so that uplink transmissions received from different devices (e.g., UEs) within a cell do not cause interference with each other. A feature of this uplink orthogonality is that the uplink subframe boundaries of a given numerology are (approximately) time-aligned at the base station. More specifically, any timing misalignment between the received signals should fall within the duration of the cyclic prefix. To ensure this receiver-end time-alignment, 5G NR includes a mechanism for transmitting a timing advance (TA) signal. This mechanism is similar to the corresponding mechanism in LTE, but 5G NR uses a different timing advance step size for different numerologies.

[0159] Generally, the timing advance is a negative offset at the device (e.g., UE) between the start of a downlink subframe as observed by the device and the start of a subframe in the uplink. By controlling the offset appropriately for each device, the network (e.g., base station, gNB) can control the timing of the signals received at the base station from the device. Devices that are further away from the base station experience greater propagation delays, so they should start their uplink transmissions somewhat earlier compared to devices that are closer to the base station.

[0160] Figure 12 is a signal diagram 1200 illustrating timing advance operation according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, a first UE 1204 is shown to be located closer to a base station 1202 and a second UE 1206 is shown to be located further away from the base station 1202. Time-aligned uplink reception and downlink transmission are shown, with the base station 1202 having a first uplink reception 1208 from the first UE 1204, a second uplink reception 1210 from the second UE 1206, and a downlink transmission subframe 1212. The first UE 1204 is shown to experience a small propagation delay δ1 with respect to a downlink subframe 1216. Thus, for this device, a small value of the timing advance offset TA1 = 2δ1 is sufficient to compensate for the propagation delay of the uplink subframe 1214 and ensure proper timing at the base station. However, as can be seen in Figure 12 the second UE 1206 will need a larger timing advance value, the second UE 1206 is located further away from the base station, and thus experiences a larger propagation delay δ2 with respect to a downlink subframe 1220. Thus, for the second UE 1206, a larger timing advance offset value TA2 = 2δ2 will be needed to compensate for the propagation delay of the uplink subframe 1218 and ensure proper timing at the base station.

[0161] A timing advance (TA) value for each UE (e.g., 1204, 1206) can be determined by the network (e.g., 1202) based on measurements of the respective uplink transmissions. In this way, as long as the UE makes an uplink data transmission, the receiving base station can estimate the uplink reception timing therefrom, thereby serving as a source of TA commands. Additionally, sounding reference signals can also be used to determine the TA value, although one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the base station can use any signal transmitted from the UE.

[0162] Based on the uplink measurements, the base station (e.g., 1202) can determine the timing correction needed for each device. If the timing of a particular device needs correction, the network issues a TA command for the particular device instructing it to delay or advance the timing relative to the current uplink timing. According to some examples, the time alignment is done at the subframe level; however, the present disclosure is not limited to subframe level timing alignment. For example, slot level timing alignment is within the scope of the present disclosure. The UE-specific TA command can be transmitted as a MAC control element on a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH). The TA command to a UE can be transmitted relatively infrequently (e.g., once or a few times per second), or can be transmitted more frequently, depending on the speed at which the UE is moving. Since the goal of TA is to keep the timing bias within the size of the cyclic prefix, the step size of the timing advance can be selected as a fraction of the cyclic prefix. However, since 5G NR supports multiple numerologies, where the cyclic prefix is shorter and the subcarrier spacing is higher, the TA step size can be proportional to the cyclic prefix length and given by the subcarrier spacing of the active uplink bandwidth part.

[0163] For carrier aggregation, there can be multiple component carriers transmitted from a single device. In this case, the same timing advance value can be applied to all uplink component carriers. However, if different uplink component carriers are received at different geographical locations, for example, by using a remote radio head, TRP, configuration for some carriers but not others, different TA values will be needed for different carriers. For dual connectivity systems, different uplink component carriers can terminate at different sites. Thus, the uplink component carriers can be grouped into timing advance groups (TAGs) and different TA commands are allowed for different TAGs. In such a configuration, all component carriers in the same group will be subject to the same TA command. The timing advance step size can be determined by the highest subcarrier spacing between the carriers in the timing advance group.

[0164] Aspects related to timing advance in full duplex communications

[0165] The present disclosure relates, in some aspects, to timing alignment in a cell, including signaling or indication of application of a fixed timing advance (TA) value or a range of TA values. The provision of a range of values provides greater flexibility for a UE or base station to adjust or compensate within the range in order to provide timing alignment.

[0166] Note that some systems will transmit or specify an absolute TA value to be used by the UE for timing advance. In some examples, this absolute TA value can be a default value transmitted in a TA command that is commonly used in a communication system, such as “2a1” or “2a1” with some micro-adjustment based on a base station’s decision, as described below. In order to achieve timing alignment at both the gNB and the UE for FD mode, in some aspects, the base station or gNB can be configured to indicate a range of TA values that can be allowed at the UE. In examples, the base station or gNB can be configured to provide a TA indication, for example, by using a single bit field (e.g., a TA command field in a RACH random access response (RAR) or MAC-CE) that indicates that the UE apply one of an absolute TA value or a range of TA values. In some cases, the base station or gNB can also be configured to signal a UE-specific TA range through one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, MAC-CE signaling, or DCI signaling. In other cases, the range can be pre-defined such that the UE can be configured to apply the pre-defined range when the TA indication is used to indicate a range of TA values that are allowed to be applied at the UE. The TA range can allow the base station or gNB to handle timing differences that are less than a cyclic prefix (CP) while still providing the UE with flexibility to adjust the TA value taking into account the timing difference of the UE.

[0167] In some cases, if the UL and DL reception timing difference of the UE is within a cyclic prefix (e.g., the timing is aligned within the CP at the UE), the gNB can provide a TA indication to the UE to apply a normal absolute TA. Further, if the UL and DL reception timing difference of the UE is between one cyclic prefix time and two cyclic prefix times, the gNB can provide a TA indication to the UE to apply a TA range to help with timing alignment at the UE. The indication to apply a TA range can indicate that the gNB is providing some flexibility to the UE in order to be able to apply a TA value based on measurements made within the UE. Further, in some cases, if the UL and DL reception timing difference at the UE exceeds the duration of two cyclic prefixes, the UE can not be able to achieve timing alignment using a TA range at the UE.

[0168] In some cases, the current timing alignment disclosed herein relates to FD communications with simultaneous UL and DL transmissions as described previously, which is referred to herein as “FD mode.” This term can include SBFD in flexible TDD, but can also include FDD in paired spectrum, SBFD in unpaired spectrum, IBFD, or other types of full duplex operation.

[0169] Figure 13 Timing diagrams 1300 and 1320 showing the use of absolute or fixed timing advance and timing advance range are shown in accordance with some aspects. Timing diagram 1300 shows the timing of DL and UL symbols for a system with a gNB and a UE using a fixed TA value, which can have been indicated in the TA indication discussed above. In this case, a standard timing advance value is used (e.g., 2xal or “2al”). This can be seen by the DL transmission 1302 (e.g., symbol, subframe, slot, etc.) sent by the gNB. Similar to the example of Figure 12 , the propagation delay for the DL transmission 1302 is al, where the DL transmission 1302 arrives at the UE after this time delay (e.g., as shown by the arrival of the DL transmission 1302’ at the UE). At the UE, when transmitting in full duplex mode, the UE transmits the UL transmission 1306 (e.g., symbol, subframe, slot, etc.) with a timing advance of al 1308, such that the UL transmission 1306 arrives at the gNB at the same time as the transmission of the DL transmission 1302, as indicated by the UL transmission 1306’. Note that the timing in timing diagram 1300 is based on the assumption that the transmission and reception times are the same on the gNB side and the UE side, and thus, the transmission reception difference is 2xal or “2al”, which is the TA value.

[0170] Further, Figure 13 Timing diagram 1320 is illustrated, where the gNB or base station configures a TA indication value (e.g., the one bit value discussed above) to indicate that a TA range is allowed. In this example, although not limited to this, a timing advance value of 1.5al is used (which can be determined by the UE or based on the indication by the gNB), which is within the calculated or bounded range discussed in more detail below. The DL transmission 1322 is sent by the gNB and the propagation delay for the DL transmission 1322 is al, where the DL transmission 1322 arrives at the UE after the propagation time delay (e.g., as shown by the arrival of the DL transmission 1322’ at the UE). At the UE, when transmitting in full duplex mode, the UE can also transmit the UL transmission 1326 with a timing advance of 1.5xal at 1328. In this case, since the transmission time or delay is al, as indicated by the UL transmission 1326’ and the time delay 1330, the UL transmission 1326 arrives at the gNB approximately 0.5al later than the DL transmission 1322 time.

[0171] In the example of timing diagram 1320, on the gNB side, the transmission to reception difference is TA / 4 or 0.5al (e.g., see 1330), assuming a normal, legacy, or typical value of TA = 2al. On the UE side, the transmission to reception difference is 3 / 4TA or 1.5al, which is less than the typical value as shown at 1332. This example illustrates that when a TA range is indicated, the UE is allowed flexibility to decide the TA value within a particular bounded range.

[0172] As to what range can be applied, it is noted that the typical TA value used in legacy systems is 2a1, as mentioned above. Thus, when a fixed TA (hereinafter, a “TA indicated ” value) is indicated in a TA command, the value can be a predetermined TA value, although one skilled in the art will appreciate that some other fixed value can also be used. At the UE side, it is noted that the applied TA value (hereinafter, a “TA applied ” value) can be based on the received TA indicated value, but applied within a bounded range.

[0173] In some cases, the gNB or base station can determine or select the TA indicated value to be used by the UE, but this also ensures that the TA value applied in the UE (i.e., the TA applied value) will fall within a range bounded by zero and the duration of the CP. In one example, the TA indicated value can be determined based on ensuring the following relationship:

[0174] TA indicated -CP≤TA applied ≤TA indicated (1)

[0175] where CP is the duration of the cyclic prefix based on the numerology selected for the communication system (e.g., 4.69 microseconds for a system with 15 kHz SCS, or 2.34 microseconds for a system with 30 kHz SCS).

[0176] As an illustration, Figure 14 a timing diagram 1400 is shown that illustrates the propagation delay of a1, which assumes a DL transmission 1404 and reception of the DL transmission 1404 at the UE after a1 time as shown by DL transmission 1404’. For example, after receiving a TA indicated value of 2a1 from the gNB, the TA value that the UE can apply to the timing advance (i.e., the TA applied value) can be set within the following bounded range that assumes the TA indication value of 2a1:

[0177] 0≤2a1-TA applied ≤CP (2)

[0178] This can be restated as follows:

[0179] 2a1-CP≤TA applied ≤2a1 (3)

[0180] Figure 14 It is further shown that the UL transmission 1406 can be transmitted as shown at 1408 after the TAapplied a1-timing advance transmission, where TA applied is limited by the above equation (3). Thus, as shown in UL transmission 1406', the UL transmission 1406 is transmitted 2a1-TA applied delay from the transmission time of the DL transmission 1404, where 2a1-TA applied is limited by the above equation (2).

[0181] In further aspects, it is noted that the above relationships in equations (1)-(3) can also take into account a delay spread (DS) of the downlink transmission (or downlink propagation delay time or downlink delay time), which refers to the time difference in receiving the signal along multiple paths. Thus, the above equations (1)-(3) can be written as follows to account for the delay spread.

[0182] T Aindicated -CP + DS ≤ TA applied ≤ TA indicated (4)

[0183] 0 ≤ 2a1-TA applied ≤ CP - DS (5)

[0184] 2a1-CP + DS ≤ TA applied ≤ 2a1 (6)

[0185] In some cases where the 2a1 value is greater than the cyclic prefix value at the UE, such as (though not limited to) this case, the UE can determine and apply a compensation or correction factor referred to herein as a delta (5), which helps to determine the actual range of the TA applied value and is itself limited between zero and the value of the CP. Thus, the TA applied value can be determined based on the following equations, which are derived from equations (1) and (4) for the non-DL delay spread and DL delay spread cases, respectively:

[0186] TA applied = TA indicated - 5 where 5 = [0, CP] (7)

[0187] TA appliedd = TA indicated - 5, where 5 = [0, CP - DS] (8)

[0188] With respect to the 5 value, the UE can be configured to determine this value by measuring the reception times of the downlink and uplink signals. In an example, the UE can be configured to select a 5 value that ensures the following condition is satisfied:

[0189] Trx dl i - Trx ul j new = Trx dl i - Trx ul j + δ<CP, (9)

[0190] where Trx dl i is the reception time of a downlink signal from an “i th ” node (e.g., the i-th transmission and reception point (TRP)), Trx ul j is the reception time of an uplink signal from a “j th ” node (e.g., the j-th transmission and reception point (TRP)), and Trx ul j new = Trx ul j - δ. In further examples, the Trx dl i and Trx ul j values in equation (9) can be determined based on layer 1 (L1) signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurements. In particular examples, when performing L1-SINR measurements, the UE can utilize CSI-RS with multi-beam sweeping and SRS with multi-beam sweeping to determine Trx dl i - Trx ul j for each DL and UL beam pair. Additionally, it is noted that if the value of δ is close to the value of Trx dl i - Trx ul j, this can minimize the timing difference. Moreover, for a particular range of δ as described above, this also serves to relax the criteria at the UE to meet the timing alignment within the CP.

[0191] Figure 15 A diagram of a wireless communication system 1500 utilizing multiple transmission and reception points is shown that can apply the concepts disclosed herein according to some aspects. As shown, the wireless communication system 1500 includes a first gNB 1502, a second gNB 1504, and at least one UE 1506. In some cases, the first gNB 1502 and the second gNB 1504 can each be a different transmission reception point (TRP). In this system, the UE 1506 can communicate with the gNBs 1502 and 1504 in a simultaneous FD mode. For example, as shown at 1508, the UE 1506 can communicate transmissions (e.g., UL and / or DL transmissions) with the first gNB 1502. Additionally, as shown at 1510, the UE 1506 can communicate transmissions (e.g., UL and / or DL transmissions) with the second gNB 1504. Note that the determination of the timing advance within a range as described above can be used in the UE to perform δ-based UL transmissions with both gNBs, which helps to determine the actual range of the TA applied value.

[0192] Figure 16 A timeline 1600 and 1620 of FD transmissions in the wireless communication system 1500 of Figure 15 is shown, for example, in particular, Figure 16Further details are shown with respect to the delta (5) value, particularly in a multi-TRP or gNB environment. In particular, timeline 1600 illustrates the timing of transmissions sent between a first gNB 1502 and a UE 1506. A second gNB 1504 sends a DL transmission 1604, which is then received at the UE 1506 at a downlink reception timing ti_2 after a propagation delay of b2.

[0193] At the UE side, an UL transmission 1606 sent from the UE 1506 to the first gNB 1502 is advanced in time by a timing advance ai to an UL transmission timing t3_i. However, in this case, the UL transmission timing can be delayed by a delta (5) value to allow the UE 1506 to wait for the delta (5) value of time before sending the UL transmission 1606. As further shown, the UL transmission 1606 can arrive at the gNB 1502 at a time 5 after the transmission time of the DL transmission 1604.

[0194] Further, the timeline 1600 shows an UL transmission 1608 to illustrate that a UE’s UL transmission can be received on the UE’s DL receive panel (this is self-interference (SI)). Here, the timing advance of ci is also delayed by a time 5 after the UL transmission 1606, such that the new ci (ci_new) is equal to the ci value minus the 5 value. Thus, the UL transmission 1608 illustrates the true reception time at the UE 1506’s DL receive panel.

[0195] The timeline 1620 illustrates transmissions between a second gNB (e.g., the second gNB 1504) and a UE. As shown, the second gNB 1504 sends a DL transmission 1622, which is then received at the UE 1506 at a time ti_2 after a propagation delay b2. The UE 1506 sends an UL transmission 1624 at an UL transmission time 3_2 with a timing advance of a2. The UL transmission 1024 is received at the second gNB 1504 simultaneously with the transmission of the DL transmission 1022. For example, due to SI, the UL transmission 1026 is illustrated to show the true UL reception timing at the UE 1506’s DL receive panel with an advance of c2. Again, the UE 1506 is configured to set a delta value such that the difference between the downlink reception time (e.g., ti_2) and the uplink reception time (e.g., t2_i) at the UE 1506 minus the delta value is less than the CP length, indicating that the relationship Trx_dl_i - Trx_ul_j_new = Trx_dl_i - Trx_ul_j + delta = b2 + ci - delta < CP is still true.

[0196] In other words, timing ti can represent a DL reception time and timing t2 can represent a UL signal reception time. In this case, the determination of the correction factor δ is based on a measurement of the timing difference between a first timing ti of a DL transmission from the first gNB received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission of the second gNB received also at the UE, and then the correction factor δ is determined or defined according to the following relationship:

[0197] t1-t2-δ<CP (10)

[0198] Figure 17 Another signal timeline 1700 is illustrated, which illustrates consideration of the gNB DL self-interference propagation delay di for its UL beam (i.e., self-interference of a DL transmission on the UL receive beam of the gNB). In this example, a DL transmission sent to the UE is shown as 1722. However, on the UL Rx beam, the gNB can receive the DL transmission 1722, as shown by DL transmission 1724, which can include the gNB-side propagation delay di as part of the self-interference that can occur for the gNB. Additionally, the DL transmission 1722 is received at the UE.

[0199] The UL transmission 1726 can be sent by the UE at TA applied a1-TA applied after the partial propagation delay di, the gNB receives the UL transmission 1726. In some examples, the application or compensation of the delay di can be done according to the following relationships for non-DS systems (e.g., using Equations 10-12) and for DS systems (e.g., using Equations 13-15), respectively:

[0200] 0≤2a1-TA applied –d1≤CP (11)

[0201] 2a1-CP-d1≤TA applied ≤2a1-d1 (12)

[0202] TA indicated –CP-d1≤TA applied ≤TA indicated -d1 (13)

[0203] (if TA indicated = 2a1); and

[0204] 0≤2a1-TA applied -d1≤CP–DS (14)

[0205] 2a1–CP-d1+≤≤2a1-d1 (15)

[0206] TA indicated - CP - d1 + DS < TA applied < TA indicated - d1 (16)

[0207] (if TA indicated = 2a1).

[0208] Figure 18 is a call flow diagram of the application of transmissions and timing advance ranges in a communication system according to some aspects. As shown, the call flow shown is between a UE 1802 and a gNB 1804, but is not limited as such and can be applied to a multi-TRP / multi-gNB system as shown in Figure 15 .

[0209] In the example of Figure 18 , the gNB 1804 can determine an initial TA to be used by the UE 1802 using initial access signaling or messages such as a PRACH 1806 transmitted from the UE 1802. In aspects, the gNB 1804 can determine a TA range based on signaling from the UE, or in other examples, the gNB 1804 can have a preconfigured TA value that is not determined or based on signaling from the UE. After determining the TA and whether a TA range can be used (i.e., establishing the state of the TA indication field, such as a bit state of a single bit to indicate whether the UE can apply a TA range or a TA absolute value, which can be a default TA value used in the communication system, as previously discussed), the gNB 1804 transmits a TA indication, and in some examples, an indication for the TA (e.g., TA indicated ), as shown at 1808. In some examples, this signaling of the TA indication can be transmitted by the gNB 1804 in a random access response (RAR) message.

[0210] Upon receiving the TA indication at 1808, the UE 1802 can apply a TA absolute value or a TA range according to the TA indication value for timing advance. Additionally, the application of a TA range (e.g., determination of TA applied ) can include any of the processes discussed above in connection with Figures 13-17 . This determination is illustrated by block 1810, which shows that in one example the indicated TA value in the TA field can be applied, or the UE can select an applied TA value within a TA range based on L1-SINR measurements to set the delta value. When the TA to be applied is determined at block 1810, the UE can begin transmitting uplink transmissions to the gNB 1804 using the determined TA, as shown at 1812.

[0211] In further aspects, the TA indication can be updated when network conditions change. Thus, when the gNB 1804 and / or UE 1802 determines that a change to the TA is needed, the gNB 1804 can update the TA indication (and TA indicated ) in some aspects) and send the updated indication (and TA indicated , if so configured), as shown at 1814. In some cases, the updated TA indication can be sent to the UE 1802 in a MAC-CE. In other examples, the TA value range can be sent or communicated to the UE by the gNB 1804 via RRC signaling or in a DCI message. In response to the updated TA indication, the UE 1802 can apply the updated timing advance (i.e., TA applied ) to one or more additional uplink transmissions, as shown at 1816.

[0212] Figure 19 FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example hardware implementation for a base station (BS) 1900 (or gNB or other scheduling entity) that employs a processing system 1914. In some implementations, the BS 1900 can correspond to any of the BSs (e.g., gNBs or scheduling entities) of any of the diagrams shown in Figure 1 、 2 , 4-8, and 11-18.

[0213] The BS 1900 can be implemented with a processing system 1914 that includes one or more processors 1904. Examples of processors 1904 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. In various Figure 19 examples, the BS 1900 can be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 1904, as utilized in a BS 1900, can be used to implement any one or more of the processes described below in connection with

[0214] The processor 1904 can in some cases be embodied as a baseband or modem chip, and in other implementations the processor 1904 can itself include a plurality of devices distinct from a baseband or modem chip (e.g., where the baseband or modem chip and the processor 1904 can work in tandem to implement aspects discussed herein). And as noted above, various hardware configurations and components beyond a baseband modem processor can be used in implementations, including radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.

[0215] In this example, the processing system 1914 can be implemented with a bus architecture, as represented generally by the bus 1902. The bus 1902 can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 1914 and the overall design constraints. The bus 1902 communicatively couples various circuitry including one or more processors (generally represented by the processor 1904), memory 1905, and computer-readable media (generally represented by the computer-readable media 1906). The bus 1902 can also connect various other circuitry, such as a timing source, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuitry, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described. A bus interface 1908 provides an interface between the bus 1902 and a transceiver 1910. The transceiver 1910 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). Additionally, the BS 1900 can include an interface 1930 (e.g., a network interface) that provides a means for communicating with at least one other apparatus within a core network and with at least one radio access network.

[0216] The processor 1904 is responsible for managing the bus 1902 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media 1906. The software, when executed by the processor 1904, causes the processing system 1914 to perform the various functions described below for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable media 1906 and the memory 1905 can also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 1904 when executing software.

[0217] One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software can reside on the computer-readable media 1906.

[0218] The computer-readable medium 1906 can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD); digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., card; stick; key drive), random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), programmable ROMs (PROMs), erasable PROMs (EPROMs), electrically erasable PROMs (EEPROMs), registers, removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 1906 can reside in the processing system 1914, external to the processing system 1914, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 1914. The computer-readable medium 1906 can be embodied in a computer program product. In some examples, the computer-readable medium 1906 can be part of the memory 1905. By way of example, a computer program product can include a computer-readable medium in packaging material. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best im plement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure, in light of the

[0219] In various examples, the BS 1900 can be configured to perform any one or more of the operations described herein (e.g., as described above in connection with Figures 1-18 and as described below in connection with Figure 20 In some aspects of the disclosure, a processor 1904 as used in the BS 1900 can include circuitry configured for various functions.

[0220] The processor 1904 can include communication and processing circuitry 1941 configured to generate, schedule, and modify resource allocations or grants of time-frequency resources (e.g., one or more sets of resource elements). For example, the processor 1904 can schedule time-frequency resources within multiple time division duplex (TDD) and / or frequency division duplex (FDD) subframes, slots, and / or mini-slots to carry user data traffic and / or control information to and / or from multiple UEs. Further, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can be configured to implement FD mode communications, which can include SBFD in flexible TDD, FDD in paired spectrum, SBFD in unpaired spectrum, IBFD, or other types of full-duplex operations. The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can further be configured to communicate with UEs. The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to communication as described herein (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission). The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can also include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to signal processing as described herein (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission). The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can further be configured to execute communication and processing software 1951 included on the computer-readable medium 1906 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0221] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can be configured to receive uplink signals via one or more uplink receive beams applied to the uplink signals. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can be configured to receive the uplink signals via at least one antenna panel of the antenna array 1920 on one or more uplink receive beams. The uplink signals can include, for example, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, DMRS, or PRACH. Additionally, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can be configured to receive one or more uplink transmit beams in an uplink beam sweep. Each uplink transmit beam can carry an uplink reference signal (e.g., SRS) for measurement by the communication and processing circuitry 1941. The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can also be configured to obtain a plurality of beam measurements on each of a plurality of uplink receive beams of the antenna array 1920 for each uplink transmit beam. The communication and processing circuitry 1941 can further be configured to control the antenna array 1920 and the transceiver 1910 to generate a plurality of downlink transmit beams during a downlink beam sweep. The downlink signals can include, for example, SSB, PDCCH, PDSCH, DCI, or RAR.

[0222] In some implementations in which the communication involves receiving information, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can obtain information from a component of the BS 1900 (e.g., from the transceiver 1910 that receives information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium), process (e.g., decode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can output the information to another component of the processor 1904, the memory 1905, or the bus interface 1908. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can receive one or more signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can receive the information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include functionality for a means for receiving. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include functionality for a means for decoding.

[0223] In some implementations in which the communication involves sending (e.g., transmitting) information, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can obtain information (e.g., from another component of the processor 1904, such as the TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1942 or 1943, the memory 1905, or the bus interface 1908, as will be discussed below), process (e.g., encode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can output the information to the transceiver 1910 (e.g., that sends the information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can transmit one or more signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can transmit the information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include functionality for a means for transmitting (e.g., a means for transmitting). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include functionality for a means for encoding.

[0224] In yet another example, the communication and processing circuitry 1941 can include functionality for a means for determining that at least one UE in a cell or system is operating in an FD mode with a base station. This means facilitates determining whether to utilize an absolute TA or a selection between TA ranges subsequently, which is particularly beneficial for operation of the base station and the UE in the FD mode.

[0225] The processor 1904 can include TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1942 configured to perform the determination of the state of the TA indicator or indication as described above, which indicates a selection of a fixed or absolute TA or a TA range to the UE as discussed herein (e.g., in connection with the TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1943). The TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1942 can be configured to perform the determination of the state of the TA indicator or indication based on the TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1943. Figures 13-18The one or more operations described can be implemented as one or more software programs running on the computing device(s) described above, as a standalone software program (whether implemented in a software as a service (SaaS) transaction or otherwise), or as another type of computer-implemented process. The one or more software programs that embody the operations described can also be uploaded to and executed by one or more computers situated at a remote location (e.g., in a cloud environment).

[0226] In addition, the TA / TA range indicator selection circuit 1942 includes functionality for a unit to transmit a timing advance (TA) indication for a UE, where the TA indication to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value and a TA value range is to be used by the UE during FD mode. As previously discussed, this indication can be a one-bit field, where the state of the bit will indicate to the UE which TA mode the UE is to use (absolute or range), and can be indicated in a RAR, MAC-CE, DCI, or RRC signaling. In addition, the TA / TA range indicator selection circuit 1942 can be in communication with the communication and processing circuit 1941 in order to transmit the TA indication via the transceiver 1910. The TA / TA range indicator selection circuit 1942 can be further configured to execute TA / TA range indicator selection software 1952 included on the computer- readable medium 1906 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0227] The processor 1904 can include a TA range value determination circuit 1943 configured to perform a determination of a range value to ensure that various bounded conditions as discussed herein are satisfied (e.g., with respect to the Figures 13-18 one or more operations described. In some examples, the TA range value determination circuit 1943 can also determine the TA value according to various range boundaries including accounting for an incremental value, a delay spread, and a DL propagation delay of the base station itself. The TA range value determination circuit 1943 can also include functionality for a unit to determine the TA value based on a particular cyclic prefix (CP) value of a given numerology currently in use in the communication system, and to set the TA indicated value to produce a particular TA value at the UE based on various bounded range conditions, as previously discussed in connection with indicated the indicated one or more operations described. The TA range value determination circuit 1943 can be further configured to execute TA range value determination software 1953 included on the computer-readable medium 1906 to implement one or more functions described herein. applied Figures 13-18 The one or more operations described can be implemented as one or more software programs running on the computing device(s) described above, as a standalone software program (whether implemented in a software as a service (SaaS) transaction or otherwise), or as another type of computer-implemented process. The one or more software programs that embody the operations described can also be uploaded to and executed by one or more computers situated at a remote location (e.g., in a cloud environment).

[0228] Figure 20 is a flowchart representation of an example process 2000 for timing alignment of a signal by applying a timing advance in accordance with some aspects. It is noted that some or all illustrated features can be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features can not be required for implementation of all examples. In some examples, the process 2000 can be performed by Figure 19 ​The illustrated BS 1900 performs. In some examples, the process 2000 can be performed by any suitable means for performing the functions or algorithms described below.

[0229] At block 2002, the BS determines that at least one user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode of operation with the base station, where the UE and the BS communicate in both UL and DL simultaneously. For example, as discussed and described above in connection with Figure 19 The communication and processing circuitry 1941 and transceiver 1910, as illustrated and described, can determine whether the FD mode of operation is being implemented in communications with the at least one UE, or any equivalent means configured to make such a determination.

[0230] At block 2004, the BS transmits (e.g., communicates) a timing advance (TA) indication to the UE. In some cases, the TA indication is to indicate a fixed TA value or a selection of one of a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode. In an example, the TA / TA range indicator selection circuitry 1942 can be configured to determine and transmit the TA indication to the UE during the FD mode, or any equivalent means configured to implement this functionality. In another aspect, the TA indication can be configured for at least one of a particular panel in the UE, a particular beam group in the UE, or a particular beam pair in the UE. It is further noted that the process 2000 can be capable of implementing the process of block 2004 without first determining whether the FD mode of operation is being implemented and / or independent of such a determination, such that the TA indication can be transmitted at a predetermined time or condition.

[0231] Figure 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a UE 2100 employing a processing system 2114. The UE 2100 can be a user equipment (UE) or other device configured to wirelessly communicate with a base station, such as the UE discussed in any one or more of FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, for example. In some implementations, the UE 1304 can correspond to any UE or scheduled entity illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, and can communicate with a base station having a processing system 1914 as illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, for example. Figure 1 , 2 , 4-8 and 11-18, for example. In some implementations, the UE 1304 can correspond to any UE or scheduled entity illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, and can communicate with a base station having a processing system 1914 as illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, for example. Figure 1 , 2 , 4-8 and 11-18, for example. In some implementations, the UE 1304 can correspond to any UE or scheduled entity illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, and can communicate with a base station having a processing system 1914 as illustrated in FIGs. 1-8 and 11-18, for example. Figure 19

[0232] ​According to various aspects of the disclosure, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented with the processing system 2114. The processing system 2114 can include one or more processors 2104. Examples of processors 2104 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, the UE 2100 can be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 2104, as utilized in a UE 2100, can be capable of implementing any one or more of the processes or procedures described herein.

[0233] The processor 2104 can in some cases be implemented by a baseband or modem chip, and in other implementations the processor 2104 can itself include a number of devices distinct from a baseband or modem chip (e.g., where the baseband or modem chip and the processor 2104 can work in tandem to implement embodiments discussed herein). And as noted above, various hardware configurations and components beyond a baseband modem processor can be used in implementations, including radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.

[0234] In this example, the processing system 2114 can be implemented with a bus architecture, as represented generally by the bus 2102. The bus 2102 can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 2114 and the overall design constraints. The bus 2102 communicatively couples various circuitry including one or more processors (generally represented by the processor 2104), memory 2105, and computer-readable media (generally represented by the computer-readable media 2106). The bus 2102 can also connect various other circuitry, such as a timing source, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuitry, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described. The bus interface 2108 provides an interface between the bus 2102 and the transceiver 2110 and between the bus 2102 and the interface 2130. The transceiver 2110 provides a communication interface or means for communicating with various other apparatus over a wireless transmission medium. Depending on the nature of the apparatus, the interface 2130 can include a user interface (e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick, etc.). Of course, such user interfaces are optional and can be omitted in some examples, such as IoT devices.

[0235] The processor 2104 is responsible for managing the bus 2102 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 2106. The software, when executed by the processor 2104, causes the processing system 2114 to perform the various functions described below for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium 2106 and the memory 2105 can also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 2104 when executing software.

[0236] One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software can reside on a computer-readable medium 2106.

[0237] The computer-readable medium 2106 can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD); digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., card; stick; key drive), random access memories (RAMs), read-only memories (ROMs), programmable ROMs (PROMs), erasable PROMs (EPROMs), electrically erasable PROMs (EEPROMs), registers, removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 2106 can reside in the processing system 2114, external to the processing system 2114, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 2114. The computer-readable medium 2106 can be embodied in a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product can include a computer-readable medium in packaging material. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best im plement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure based on the

[0238] The UE 2100 can be configured to perform any one or more of the operations described herein (e.g., as described above in connection with Figures 1-18 The processor 2104, as utilized in the UE 2100, can include circuitry configured for various functions.

[0239] The processor 2104 can include communication and processing circuitry 2141. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be configured to communicate with a base station, such as a gNB. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission), as described herein. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can also include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to signal processing (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission), as described herein. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can include two or more transmit / receive chains, each configured to process signals of different RAT (or RAN) types. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be further configured to execute communication and processing software 2151 included on the computer- readable medium 2106 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0240] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be configured to receive and process downlink beamformed signals at millimeter wave frequencies or sub-6 GHz frequencies via the transceiver 2110 and the antenna array 2120. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be configured to receive, via at least one antenna panel of the antenna array 2120, a respective reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) on each of a plurality of downlink beams from a base station during a downlink beam sweep. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can also be configured to transmit a beam measurement report to the base station.

[0241] The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be further configured to generate and transmit uplink signals on one or more uplink transmit beams applied to the uplink signals. The uplink signals can include, for example, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, DMRS, or PRACH.

[0242] The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can also be configured to control the antenna array 2120 and the transceiver 2110 to search for and identify a plurality of downlink transmit beams during a downlink beam sweep. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be further configured to obtain, via the antenna array 2120, a plurality of beam measurements for each of a plurality of downlink receive beams for each identified downlink transmit beam. The communication and processing circuitry 2141 can be further configured to generate, using the communication and processing circuitry 2141, a beam measurement report for transmission to the base station.

[0243] In some implementations in which communication involves receiving information, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can obtain information from a component of the UE 2100 (e.g., from the transceiver 2110 that receives information through radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling appropriate for the applicable communication medium), process (e.g., decode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can output the information to another component of the processor 2104, the memory 2105, or the bus interface 2108. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can receive one or more of a signal, a message, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can receive the information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can include functionality for a means for receiving.

[0244] In some implementations in which communication involves sending (e.g., transmitting) information, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can obtain information (e.g., from another component of the processor 2104, the memory 2105, or the bus interface 2108), process (e.g., encode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can output the information to the transceiver 2110 (e.g., that sends the information through radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling appropriate for the applicable communication medium). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can send one or more of a signal, a message, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can send the information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2141 can include functionality for a means for sending (e.g., a means for transmitting).

[0245] The processor 2104 can include TA application circuitry 2142 configured to apply the indicated TA from a BS, as discussed herein. The TA application circuitry 2142 can include functionality for a means for applying a TA, including ensuring that the applied TA falls within a bounded range as discussed above with respect to Equations 1-15. The TA application circuitry 2142 can be further configured to execute TA application software 2152 included on the computer- readable medium 2106 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0246] The processor 2104 can also include delta determination circuitry 2143 configured to perform the determination of the correction factor d. The delta determination circuitry 2143 can include functionality for a means for determining a delta value according to the process discussed in connection with Figures 13-17 The delta determination circuitry 2143 can be further configured to execute delta determination software 2153 included on the computer-readable medium 2106 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0247] Figure 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 2200 for a wireless communication system, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all of the features illustrated in the figures can be omitted in certain implementations, and some features illustrated may Figure 21 may be performed by the UE 2100 illustrated in FIG. 21. In some examples, the process 2200 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means for performing the functions or algorithm described below.

[0248] At block 2202, the UE can receive, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, where the TA indication is to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value and a TA value range to be used by the UE during an FD mode.

[0249] At block 2204, the UE can transmit, to the base station, one or more uplink signals with a timing advance based on the indicated fixed TA value and the indicated TA value range.

[0250] Aspects related to timing advance capability and full duplex timing advance

[0251] In addition to being configured to use an FD mode, and in addition to being configured to apply a timing advance to uplink transmissions, a UE according to some aspects described herein can also be configured to have a capability to adjust the timing advance provided to the UE in a timing advance command transmitted from a base station. The capability to adjust the timing advance provided to the UE in a timing advance command can further improve latency and spectral efficiency by allowing each UE to fine-tune the timing advance provided to it by the base station.

[0252] However, not all UEs can be configured for timing advance adjustment. For example, low-cost UEs can not have the capability to adjust the timing advance due to, for example, lack of memory or reduced processing capability as compared to UEs that do have the capability to adjust the timing advance. According to some aspects described herein, a UE can inform a base station whether the UE has the capability to adjust the timing advance. Even low-cost UEs can be configured with a feature that allows the low-cost UEs to inform the base station of this lack of capability. For example, in some cases, a UE can use a single bit in signaling sent to the base station to indicate the UE’s capability to adjust the timing advance. The single bit can be pre-configured in the UE. In some cases, the single bit can be included, for example, in any number of reserved (e.g., unused) bits currently available in uplink transmissions (e.g., in RRC signaling, MAC signaling, or uplink control information signaling).

[0253] Once the base station is provided with an indication of the UE's capability to perform timing advance adjustment, the base station can adjust its own timing to accommodate UEs with that capability as well as UEs without that capability.

[0254] Figure 23 is a signaling diagram 2300 illustrating a number of possible opportunities for a UE 2304 to inform a base station 2302 of the UE's 2304 capability with respect to timing advance adjustment, according to some aspects. The base station 2302 (e.g., network access node, scheduling entity) can be similar to any of the base stations or scheduling entities illustrated in, for example, Figure 1 , 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29. The UE 1104 can be similar to any of the UEs or scheduled entities of, for example, Figure 1 , 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29.

[0255] As illustrated in Figure 23 , the base station 2302 first broadcasts a master information block (MIB) 2308. The UE 2304 receives the MIB 2308. The MIB is transmitted over a broadcast channel (BCH) transport channel and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) physical channel. The MIB 2308 includes parameters and other information needed to decode a first system information block (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType1 or SIB1). Thereafter, the base station 2302 broadcasts the SIB1 2308. The SIB1 can also be referred to as remaining minimum system information (RMSI). The base station 2302 can also transmit other system information (OSI) (not shown).

[0256] When the UE 2304 has all relevant information (e.g., at least the MIB and SIB1), the UE 2304 can enter a contention-based random access procedure. One random access channel (RACH) procedure can be referred to as a 4-step contention-based RACH procedure 2330. To start the 4-step contention-based RACH procedure 2330, the UE 2304 can transmit a contention-based PRACH preamble, also referred to as Msgl 2310. After detecting the Msgl 2310, the base station 2302 responds with a random access response (RAR), also referred to as Msg2 2312. The Msg2 2312 can include the detected preamble ID, a timing advance command, a temporary C-RNTI (TC-RNTI), and an uplink grant to schedule a PUSCH transmission from the UE 2304. In response to the Msg2 2312, the UE can transmit an RRC connection request, also referred to as Msg3 2314. The Msg3 2312 can include an ID for contention resolution. After receiving the Msg3 2312, the base station 2302 can transmit a contention resolution message with the contention resolution ID, also referred to as Msg4 2314. The UE receives the Msg4 2314 and, if it finds its contention resolution ID, it transmits an acknowledgement on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), completing the 4-step random access procedure.

[0257] In 5G NR, an alternative to the 4-step contention-based RACH procedure 2330 is available. The alternative can be referred to as a 2-step contention-based RACH procedure 2340. The 4-step contention-based RACH procedure 2330 utilizes, for example, two round trips between the UE 2304 and the base station 2302. The 2-step contention-based RACH procedure 2340 can reduce latency and control signaling overhead by using only one round trip between the UE 2304 and the base station 2302. The round trip reduction can be achieved by combining the Msgl and Msg3 of the 4-step contention-based RACH procedure 2330 into a single message, referred to as MsgA 2318.

[0258] The UE 2304 can transmit the MsgA 2318 to the base station 2302. The MsgA 2318 can include a PRACH preamble and other data. The base station 2302 can respond to the UE 2304 with a MsgB 2320. The MsgB 2320 can include the content previously associated with Msg2 and Msg4, including a timing advance.

[0259] According to aspects described herein, a message or signaling indicating UE timing advance capability 2324 can be included with a Msgl 2310 random access preamble, a Msg3 2314 RRC connection request, or a MsgA 2318 preamble. An indication of a location of an FD mode window 2326 (e.g., an opportunity) can be transmitted from the base station 2302 to the UE 2304 in at least one of: RRC signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) 2322. The FD mode window can be used, for example, when the base station 2302 interacts with multiple UEs in a dense network. The FD mode window can be used to allow the base station 2302 to communicate with the UE 2304 at an allocated time.

[0260] Figure 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a User Equipment (UE) 2400 (e.g., a scheduled entity) employing a processing system 2414 in accordance with some aspects. The UE 2400 can be similar to, for example, any of the UEs or scheduled entities of 1-3, 4, 5-8, 11-12, and / or 23-24. Figure 1 , 2

[0261] In accordance with various aspects of the disclosure, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented with a processing system 2414 that includes one or more processors 2404. Examples of processors 2404 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, the UE 2400 can be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 2404, as utilized in a UE 2400, can be capable of implementing any one or more of the methods or processes described and illustrated in, for example, Figures 25-28

[0262] In this example, the processing system 2414 can be implemented with a bus architecture, as represented generally by the bus 2402. The bus 2402 can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 2414 and the overall design constraints. The bus 2402 communicatively couples various circuitry, including one or more processors (generally represented by the processor 2404), memory 2405, and computer-readable media (generally represented by the computer-readable medium 2406). The bus 2402 can also connect various other circuitry, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described.

[0263] ​​Bus interface 2408 provides an interface between bus 2402 and transceiver 2410. Transceiver 2410 can be, for example, a wireless transceiver. Transceiver 2410 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). Transceiver 2410 can also be coupled to one or more antenna arrays 2420. Transceiver 2410 can be a wireless transceiver. Bus interface 2408 further provides an interface between bus 2402 and user interface 2412 (e.g., a keypad, display, touch screen, speaker, microphone, control buttons, and the like). Of course, such a user interface 2412 is optional, and can be omitted in certain examples.

[0264] One or more processors, such as processor 2404, can be responsible for managing bus 2402 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on computer-readable medium 2406. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software can reside on computer-readable medium 2406. The software, when executed by processor 2404, causes processing system 2414 to perform various processes and functions described herein for any particular apparatus.

[0265] The computer-readable medium 2406 can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be referred to as a computer-readable storage medium or a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can store computer-executable code (e.g., processor-executable code). The computer-executable code can include code for implementing one or more functions described herein. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk; floppy disk); optical disk devices (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)); smart cards; flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, or key drive); random access memories (RAMs); read only memories (ROMs); programmable ROMs (PROMs); erasable PROMs (EPROMs); electrically erasable PROMs (EEPROMs); registers; removable disk; and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 2406 can reside in the processing system 2414, outside the processing system 2414, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 2414. The computer-readable medium 2406 can be embodied in a computer program product or an article of manufacture. By way of example, a computer program product or an article of manufacture can include a computer-readable medium in packaging material. In some examples, the computer-readable medium 2406 can be part of the memory 2405. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best im plement the described functions presented throughout this disclosure in light of the de scribed functionality, the overall architecture, and the particular computing systems implementing the functionality within the context of particular applications. The computer- readable medium 2406 and / or the memory 2405 can also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 2404 when executing software. For example, the memory 2405 can store a timing advance 2415 indicated to the UE 2400 in a timing advance command. In another example, the memory 2405 can store a timing advance adjustment value 2416 that can be reused in conjunction with adjusting the timing of uplink signals transmitted to a base station (e.g., network access node).

[0266] In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2404 can include communication and processing circuitry 2441 configured for various functions including, for example, communicating with a base station (e.g., a scheduled entity), a network core (e.g., a 5G core network), and another user equipment (UE) (e.g., a scheduled entity), or any other entity (e.g., a local infrastructure or an entity in communication with the UE 2400 via the Internet (e.g., a network provider)). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2441 can include one or more hardware components that provide physical structure for executing processes associated with wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) and signal processing (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission). Further, the communication and processing circuitry 2441 can be configured to receive a timing advance command from a base station (e.g., a network access node) and transmit a value indicating a timing advance capability to the base station; and transmit an uplink signal to the base station (e.g., a network access node) using an adjusted timing advance determined by the communication and processing circuitry 2441. The communication and processing circuitry 2441 can be further configured to execute communication and processing software 2451 stored on the computer-readable medium 2406 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0267] In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2404 can include timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442 configured for various functions including, for example, determining to indicate a timing advance capability of the UE in, for example, a timing advance capability report, message, or signal. In some examples, the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442 can include one or more hardware components that provide physical structure for executing processes associated with determining to indicate a timing advance capability of the UE in, for example, a timing advance capability report, message, or signal. The timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442 can be further configured to execute timing advance capability reporting software 2452 stored on the computer-readable medium 2406 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0268] In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2404 can include uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443 configured for various functions including, for example, adjusting a timing advance indicated by a timing advance command based on a timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance. In some examples, the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443 can include one or more hardware components that provide physical structure for executing processes associated with adjusting a timing advance indicated by a timing advance command based on a timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance. The uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443 can be further configured to execute uplink timing adjustment software 2453 stored on the computer-readable medium 2406 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0269] Figure 25 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process 2500 (e.g., a method) of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain implementations within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for implementations of all embodiments. In some examples, process 2500 may be... Figure 24 The UE 2400 shown (e.g., the scheduled entity) performs this action. UE 2400 can be similar to, for example... Figure 1 , 2 The UEs 4, 5-8, 11-12 and / or 23-24, or any UE of the scheduled entity. In some examples, process 2500 may be performed by any suitable means or unit for performing the functions or algorithms described below.

[0270] In box 2502, the UE can receive a timing advance command from a network access node (e.g., a base station). For example, in conjunction with the above... Figure 24 The communication and processing circuitry 2441 shown and described may provide a unit for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node. In block 2504, the UE may send a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node. According to some aspects, the timing advance capability may indicate that the UE has the ability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command. In one example, the ability to indicate that the UE has the ability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command may include the ability to indicate that the UE does not have the ability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command. For example, the timing advance capability bit may be set to a first state to indicate that the UE has the capability and set to a second state to indicate that the UE does not have the capability. In some cases, the state may be binary (e.g., 1, 0). According to some aspects, the UE may receive a Random Access Channel (RACH) Response (RAR) during a contention-based random access procedure before sending the value indicating the timing advance capability. In such an aspect, sending the value indicating the timing advance capability may also include sending the value indicating the timing advance capability in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection request in response to receiving a RAR. According to some aspects, the value of the transmission indication timing advance capability may include transmitting the value of the indication timing advance capability in the random access channel (RACH) preamble during a contention-free random access procedure. According to some aspects, transmitting the value of the indication timing advance capability may also include transmitting the value of the indication timing advance capability in at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), or Uplink Control Information (UCI) signaling. For example, the above combined with... Figure 24 The timing advance capability reporting circuit 2442, which displays and describes the timing advance capability, can provide a unit that sends a value indicating the timing advance capability to the network access node.

[0271] At block 2506, the UE can adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance. According to some aspects, adjusting the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command includes maintaining (e.g., not adjusting) the timing advance when the timing advance capability indicates a lack of capability to adjust the timing advance. For example, the above-described uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443 can provide means for transmitting, to the network access node, a value indicating the timing advance capability. Figure 24 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443 shown and described above can provide means for transmitting, to the network access node, a value indicating the timing advance capability.

[0272] At block 2508, if the UE indicates a capability to adjust the timing advance, the UE can transmit the uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance. For example, the above-described communication and processing circuit 2441 and / or transceiver 2410 can provide means for transmitting the uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance. Figure 24 The communication and processing circuit 2441 and / or transceiver 2410 shown and described above can provide means for transmitting the uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0273] According to some aspects, the UE can operate in FD mode and can communicate with two TRPs (e.g., two spaced apart base stations or one base station with two TRPs (e.g., two panels)); a first TRP can be configured for downlink only and a second TRP can be configured for uplink only. The UE receives downlink from the first TRP and transmits uplink to the second TRP. In other words, in this example, neither of the two TRPs are configured in FD mode; neither of the two TRPs are configured for simultaneous uplink and downlink. The UE can establish an RRC connection with both TRPs. The UE can receive an indication 2510 of an assigned FD mode window from the first TRP. The FD mode window can be used to allow the base station to communicate with the UE only at designated times in a dense network with multiple base stations or backhaul. The UE can maintain the RRC connection during the assigned FD mode window. The UE can receive a subsequent timing advance command (e.g., a second timing advance command) 2512 from the first TRP during the assigned FD mode window. In addition, the UE can optionally apply a subsequent timing advance indicated in the subsequent timing advance command to uplink transmissions 2514 to the second TRP during at least a portion of the FD mode window. The subsequent timing advance command or at least one of the indication of the assigned FD mode window can be received in one of: RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0274] According to some aspects, a subsequent timing advance command can indicate a timing advance of 0. In this example, the first TRP and / or the second TRP can not have timing constraints because they each only communicate with the UE during the allocated FD mode window and only in one direction. According to this aspect, the first TRP can adjust its downlink timing to align the UE’s uplink transmissions with the first TRP’s downlink transmissions. In this example, the first TRP can indicate this case (e.g., the UE does not need to adjust timing) by sending a timing command with a timing advance of 0. Here, the UE follows its own timing (e.g., the UE sends PRACH timing) and the first TRP can adjust its downlink transmission timing to align the downlink timing with the UE’s uplink timing. This also benefits UEs that do not have the capability to adjust timing advance.

[0275] In one configuration, the UE 2400 includes means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0276] In one aspect, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can be the processor 2404, shown in FIG. 24B, configured to perform the functions recited by the above-described means. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node can include the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node can include the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance can include the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can include the transceiver 2410 and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. Figure 24 In one aspect, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can be the processor 2404, shown in FIG. 24B, configured to perform the functions recited by the above-described means. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node can include the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node can include the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance can include the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can include the transceiver 2410 and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. Figure 24 In one aspect, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can be the processor 2404, shown in FIG. 24B, configured to perform the functions recited by the above-described means. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node can include the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node can include the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance can include the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can include the transceiver 2410 and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. Figure 24 In one aspect, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can be the processor 2404, shown in FIG. 24B, configured to perform the functions recited by the above-described means. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node can include the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node can include the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance can include the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can include the transceiver 2410 and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. Figure 24 In one aspect, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node, means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node, means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can be the processor 2404, shown in FIG. 24B, configured to perform the functions recited by the above-described means. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command from a network access node can include the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node can include the timing advance capability reporting circuitry 2442, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance can include the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. For example, the above-described means for transmitting an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance can include the transceiver 2410 and / or antenna array 2420, shown in FIG. 24B. Figure 26communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 shown in FIG. 24B. In another aspect, the above-mentioned units can be circuits or any means configured to perform the functions recited by the above-mentioned units.

[0277] Figure 24 is a flowchart illustrating another example process 2600 (e.g., a method) of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE), in accordance with some aspects. Some or all of the illustrated features can be omitted in particular implementations within the scope of the present disclosure, and some features illustrated can not be required in all implementations. In some examples, process 2600 can be carried out by the UE 2400 (e.g., a scheduled entity) illustrated in FIG. 24B. The UE 2400 can be similar to the UE of any of, e.g., 1-23 and / or 24-25. Figure 1 Figure 24 , 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, and / or 23-24. In some examples, process 2600 can be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means adapted to carry out the functions or algorithm described below.

[0278] At block 2602, the UE can operate in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode. If the UE operates in the HD mode, then the process can proceed to block 2604. At block 2604, the UE can transmit an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by a first timing advance indicated by a first timing advance command. However, if the UE operates in the FD mode, then at block 2606, the UE can receive a second timing advance during an assigned FD mode window, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance. For example, an assigned FD mode window can be used when the base station is communicating with the UE in a dense network. The FD mode window can be used to allow the base station to communicate with the UE at the assigned time. Then, at block 2608, the UE can transmit an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance. According to some aspects, the UE can receive an indication of the assigned FD mode window in at least one of: RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0279] In one configuration, the UE 2400 includes means for operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode, means for transmitting an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by a first timing advance indicated by a first timing advance command, means for receiving a second timing advance during an assigned FD mode window, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance.

[0280] ​In one aspect, the above-described means for operating in a half-duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode, means for transmitting, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by a first timing advance indicated by a first timing advance command, means for receiving, during an assigned FD mode window, a second timing advance, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance, and means for transmitting, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance can be Figure 24 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above- described means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half- duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode can include the communication and processing circuit 2441, the transceiver 2410, and / or the antenna array 2420 shown in Figure 24 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above- described means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half- duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode can include the communication and processing circuit 2441, the transceiver 2410, and / or the antenna array 2420 shown in Figure 24 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above- described means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half- duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode can include the communication and processing circuit 2441, the transceiver 2410, and / or the antenna array 2420 shown in Figure 24 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above- described means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half- duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode can include the communication and processing circuit 2441, the transceiver 2410, and / or the antenna array 2420 shown in Figure 27 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above- described means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half- duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode can include the communication and processing circuit 2441, the transceiver 2410, and / or the antenna array 2420 shown in

[0281] Figure 24 is a flowchart illustrating another example process 2700 (e.g., method) of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE), in accordance with some aspects. Some or all of the illustrated features can be omitted in particular implementations within the scope of the disclosure, and some features illustrated may Figure 1 be performed by the UE 2400 (e.g., a scheduled entity) illustrated in FIG. 13. The UE 2400 can be similar to, for example, any one of the UEs or scheduled entities of Figure 24 , 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, and / or 23-24. In some examples, the process 2700 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means for performing the functions or algorithm described below.

[0282] At block 2702, the UE can operate in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode. At block 2704, the UE can receive a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with the HD mode and a second timing advance associated with the FD mode. At block 2706, a determination can be made of which mode the UE operates in. If the UE operates in the HD mode, the process can proceed to block 2708. At block 2708, the UE can transmit an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance. However, if it is determined at block 2706 that the UE operates in the FD mode, at block 2710, the UE can transmit an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance, where the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance. According to some aspects, receiving the timing advance command can further include receiving the timing advance command in at least one of: RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0283] In one configuration, the UE 2400 includes means for operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode, means for receiving a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with the HD mode and a second timing advance associated with the FD mode, means for transmitting an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance, where the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance.

[0284] In one aspect, the above-described means for operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode, means for receiving a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with the HD mode and a second timing advance associated with the FD mode, means for transmitting an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance, and means for transmitting an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance can be Figure 24 the processor 2404 configured to perform the functions recited by the above means. For example, the above-described means for operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode can include Figure 24 the communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 shown. For example, the above-described means for receiving a timing advance command can include Figure 24The communication and processing circuitry 2441, uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2443, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 shown herein include timing advance commands that include a first timing advance associated with HD mode and a second timing advance associated with FD mode. For example, the unit described above for transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during HD mode may include... Figure 24 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443, communication and processing circuit 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 shown are illustrated. For example, the unit described above for transmitting uplink signals pre-adjusted by a second timing during FD mode may include, for example, Figure 28 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443, communication and processing circuit 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 are shown. Alternatively, the aforementioned units may be circuits or any means configured to perform the functions described herein.

[0285] Figure 24 This is a flowchart illustrating another example process 2800 (e.g., a method) of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain implementations within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for implementations of all embodiments. In some examples, process 2800 may be... Figure 1 The UE 2400 shown (e.g., the scheduled entity) performs this action. UE 2400 can be similar to, for example... Figure 24 , 2 Any of the UEs or scheduled entities in 1, 4, 5-8, 11-12 and / or 23-24. In some examples, process 2800 may be performed by any suitable means or unit for performing the functions or algorithms described below.

[0286] In block 2802, the UE can operate in half-duplex (HD) mode or full-duplex (FD) mode. In block 2804, the UE can receive a timing advance command, which includes a timing advance and an increment value. In block 2806, it can be determined which mode the UE is operating in. If the UE is operating in HD mode, the process can proceed to block 2808. At block 2808, the UE can transmit uplink signals adjusted by a first timing advance during HD mode. However, if it is determined in block 2806 that the UE is operating in FD mode, then in block 2810, the UE can transmit uplink signals adjusted by a timing advance and further adjusted by an increment value during FD mode. According to some aspects, receiving a timing advance command may also include receiving a timing advance command in at least one of the following: RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0287] In one configuration, the UE 2400 includes a unit for operating in half-duplex (HD) mode or full-duplex (FD) mode, a unit for receiving a timing advance command including timing advance and an incremental value, a unit for transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance during HD mode, and a unit for transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance and further adjusted by incremental value during FD mode.

[0288] In one aspect, the aforementioned unit for operating in half-duplex (HD) mode or full-duplex (FD) mode, the unit for receiving a timing advance command including timing advance and incremental values, the unit for transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance during HD mode, and the unit for transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance and further adjusted by incremental values ​​during FD mode can be... Figure 24 The processor 2404 shown is configured to perform the functions described by the aforementioned unit. For example, the unit described above for operation in half-duplex (HD) mode or full-duplex (FD) mode may include... Figure 24 The communication and processing circuitry 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 are shown. For example, the unit described above for receiving a timing advance command including a timing advance and an increment value may include, for instance... Figure 24 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443, communication and processing circuit 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 are shown. For example, the unit described above for transmitting uplink signals with advance timing adjustment during HD mode may include, for example, Figure 24 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443, communication and processing circuit 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 shown are included. For example, the unit described above for transmitting uplink signals that are timing-adjusted in advance and further adjusted by incremental values ​​during FD mode may include... Figure 29 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2443, communication and processing circuit 2441, transceiver 2410, and / or antenna array 2420 are shown. Alternatively, the aforementioned units may be circuits or any means configured to perform the functions described above.

[0289] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating an example hardware implementation of a network access node 2900 (e.g., a base station, scheduling entity) employing a processing system 2914 according to some aspects. The network access node 2900 may be similar to, for example... Figure 24 , 2 Any network access node or scheduling entity of 1, 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23 and / or 29.

[0290] Processing system 2914 can be withFigures 30-33 The processing system 2414 shown is substantially similar and includes a bus interface 2908, a bus 2902, a memory 1705, a processor 1704, and a computer-readable medium 2906. In accordance with various aspects of the disclosure, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented with a processing system 2914 that includes one or more processors (e.g., processor 2904). Moreover, the network access node 2900 can include a user interface 2912, a transceiver 2910, and one or more antenna arrays 2920, which are substantially similar to those described above in connection with Figure 30 The transceiver 2910, for example, can be a wireless transceiver. The processor 2904, as used in the network access node 2900, can be used to implement any one or more of the processes described herein and shown, for example, in Figure 29

[0291] In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2904 can include communication and processing circuitry 2941 configured for various functions, including, for example, communicating with a user equipment (UE), a network core (e.g., a 5G core network), and another network access node or any other entity (e.g., a local infrastructure or an entity in communication with the network access node 2900 via the Internet, such as a network provider). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 2941 can include one or more hardware components that provide physical structure that performs processes related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) and signal processing (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission). Moreover, the communication and processing circuitry 2941 can be configured to transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), receive a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE; and receive an uplink signal adjusted by a timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE. The communication and processing circuitry 2941 can be further configured to execute communication and processing software 2951 stored on the computer-readable medium 2906 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0292] ​In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2904 can include timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942 configured for various functions including, for example, determining a timing advance capability of the UE based on signaling or messaging a timing advance capability to, for example, the network access node 2900. In some examples, the timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942 can include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs the processes associated with determining a timing advance capability of the UE based on signaling or messaging a timing advance capability to the network access node 2900. The timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942 can further be configured to execute timing advance capability processing software 2952 stored on the computer-readable medium 2906 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0293] In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 2904 can include uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943 configured for various functions including, for example, verifying that an uplink signal is properly adjusted in timing. In some examples, the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943 can include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs the processes associated with verifying that an uplink signal is properly adjusted in timing. The uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943 can further be configured to execute uplink timing adjustment software 2953 stored on the computer-readable medium 2906 to implement one or more functions described herein.

[0294] Figure 1 FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 3000 (e.g., method) at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity), in accordance with some aspects. As described below, some or all illustrated features can be omitted in some implementations, and some illustrated features can not be required in all implementations. In some examples, the process 3000 can be performed by a network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) as illustrated in FIG. 2. The network access node 2900 can be similar to the network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) as illustrated in FIG. 2, for example. Figure 29 The process 3000 can be performed by a network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) as illustrated in FIG. 2. The network access node 2900 can be similar to the network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) as illustrated in FIG. 2, for example. Figure 29 、 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29. In some examples, the process 3000 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means for performing the functions or algorithm described herein.

[0295] At block 3002, the network access node can transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE). At block 3004, the network access node can receive a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE. According to aspects, the timing advance capability can indicate that the UE has a capability to adjust a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command. In one example, the capability to indicate that the UE has the capability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command can include a capability to indicate that the UE does not have the capability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command. For example, a timing advance capability bit can be set to a first state to indicate that the UE has the capability and set to a second state to indicate that the UE does not have the capability. In some cases, the states can be binary (e.g., 1, 0). According to aspects, receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE can include receiving the uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance indicated in the timing advance command when the timing advance capability indicates a lack of the capability to adjust the timing advance.

[0296] According to aspects, the network access node can transmit a random access channel (RACH) response (RAR) in a contention-based random access procedure prior to receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE. In such aspects, receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE can further include receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability in a radio resource control (RRC) connection request in response to transmitting the RAR. According to aspects, receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE can include receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability in a random access channel (RACH) preamble in a contention-free random access procedure. According to aspects, receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability can further include receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE in at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or uplink control information (UCI) signaling.

[0297] At block 3006, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0298] Depending on some aspects, the UE can operate in FD mode and can communicate with two TRPs (e.g., two spaced-apart network access nodes, or a network access node comprising two co-located TRPs (e.g., two panels)); the first TRP can be configured for downlink only and the second TRP can be configured for uplink only. The UE receives downlink from the first TRP and sends uplink to the second TRP. In other words, in this example, neither TRP is configured for FD mode; neither TRP is configured for both uplink and downlink simultaneously. The UE can establish RRC connections with both TRPs. The first TRP (referred to as the network access node) can send an indication of the allocated FD mode window to the UE. The network access node can maintain the RRC connection during the allocated FD mode window. The network access node can send a subsequent timing advance command (e.g., a second timing advance command) during the allocated FD mode window. At least one of the subsequent timing advance command or the indication of the allocated FD mode window can be received in at least one of RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0299] According to some aspects, a subsequent timing advance command can indicate a timing advance of 0. In this example, the first TRP (e.g., a network access node) and / or the second TRP may have no timing constraints because they each communicate with the UE only during their assigned FD mode window and only in one direction. According to this aspect, the first TRP can adjust its downlink timing to align the UE's uplink transmission with the first TRP's downlink transmission. In this example, the first TRP can indicate this by sending a timing advance of 0 (e.g., the UE does not need to adjust timing). In this case, the UE will follow its own timing (e.g., the UE sends a PRACH timing) and the first TRP can adjust its downlink transmission timing to align its downlink timing with the UE's uplink timing.

[0300] In one configuration, the network access node 2900 includes a unit for sending a timing advance command to the UE, a unit for receiving a value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE, and a unit for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance according to the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0301] In one aspect, the aforementioned unit for sending a timing advance command to the UE, the unit for receiving a value indicating the UE's timing advance capability, and the unit for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by timing advance according to the UE's timing advance capability may include... Figure 29 The processor 2904 shown is configured to perform the functions described by the above-described units. For example, the unit for sending a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE) may include...Figure 29 the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the antenna array 2920, and the transceiver 2910. For example, the above-described means for receiving a value indicative of a timing advance capability of a UE can include the timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920, as shown in FIG. 29B, for example. Figure 31 the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the antenna array 2920, and the transceiver 2910. For example, the above-described means for receiving a value indicative of a timing advance capability of a UE can include the timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920, as shown in FIG. 29B, for example. Figure 1 the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the antenna array 2920, and the transceiver 2910. For example, the above-described means for receiving a value indicative of a timing advance capability of a UE can include the timing advance capability processing circuitry 2942, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920, as shown in FIG. 29B, for example.

[0302] Figure 29 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process 3100 at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects. Some or all of the illustrated features can be omitted in particular implementations within the scope of the disclosure, and some features illustrated may Figure 29 be performed by a network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) as illustrated in FIG. 29A. The network access node 2900 can be similar to the network access node 2900 of, for example, any of the network access nodes or scheduling entities of 1-2, 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29. In some examples, the process 3100 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means adapted to perform the functions or algorithm described below. Figure 29 、 2 In some examples, the process 3100 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means adapted to perform the functions or algorithm described below.

[0303] At block 3102, the network access node can transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), where the timing advance command includes a first timing advance associated with a half duplex (HD) mode and a second timing advance associated with a full duplex (FD) mode. At block 3104, it can be determined in which mode the UE is operating. If the UE is operating in the HD mode, the process can proceed to block 3106. At block 3106, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode. However, if it is determined at block 3104 that the UE is operating in the FD mode, at block 3108, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance. According to some aspects, the timing advance command can be transmitted on at least one of: RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0304] In one configuration, the network access node 2900 includes means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, wherein the timing advance command includes a first timing advance associated with a half duplex (HD) mode and a second timing advance associated with a full duplex (FD) mode, means for receiving an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance, and means for receiving an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance during an allocated FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance. In one aspect, the above-described means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, wherein the timing advance command includes a first timing advance associated with a HD mode and a second timing advance associated with a FD mode, means for receiving an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance, and means for receiving an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance during an allocated FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance, can be, for example Figure 29 The processor 2904, shown in FIG. 29, is configured to perform the functions described by the above means. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, wherein the timing advance command includes a first timing advance associated with a HD mode and a second timing advance associated with a FD mode, can include, for example Figure 32 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2943, the antenna array 2920, and the transceiver 2910, shown in FIG. 29. For example, the above-described means for receiving an uplink signal during the HD mode adjusted by the first timing advance can include, for example Figure 29 The communication and processing circuit 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920, shown in FIG. 29. For example, the above-described means for receiving an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance during an allocated FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance, can include, for example Figure 1 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2943, the communication and processing circuit 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920, shown in FIG. 29. For example, the above-described means for receiving an uplink signal during the FD mode adjusted by the second timing advance during an allocated FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different from the first timing advance, can include, for example

[0305] Figure 29 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process 3200 at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects. Some or all of the illustrated features can be omitted in particular implementations within the scope of the present disclosure, and some features illustrated may Figure 29 may be performed by the network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) illustrated in FIG. 29. The network access node 2900 can be similar to the network access node 2900 as described in connection with, for example Figure 29 ,2 , any of the network access nodes or scheduling entities of 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29. In some examples, process 3200 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means for performing the functions or algorithm described below.

[0306] At block 3202, the network access node can transmit a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with an HD mode and a second timing advance associated with an FD mode. At block 3204, it can be determined in which mode the UE is operating. If the UE is operating in the HD mode, the process can proceed to block 3206. At block 3206, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode. However, if it is determined at block 3204 that the UE is operating in the FD mode, at block 3208, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance. According to some aspects, transmitting the timing advance command can further include transmitting the timing advance command in at least one of: RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0307] In one configuration, the network access node 2900 includes means for transmitting a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with an HD mode and a second timing advance associated with an FD mode, means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode, and means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0308] In one aspect, the aforementioned means for transmitting a timing advance command, the timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with an HD mode and a second timing advance associated with an FD mode, means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode, and means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance can be Figure 29 The processor 2904, configured as described above, can receive a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with an HD mode and a second timing advance associated with an FD mode. The processor 2904, configured as described above, can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode. The processor 2904, configured as described above, can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance. Figure 33 The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2943, antenna array 2920, and transceiver 2910, as described above, can receive a timing advance command including a first timing advance associated with an HD mode and a second timing advance associated with an FD mode. The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2943, antenna array 2920, and transceiver 2910, as described above, can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance during the HD mode. The uplink timing adjustment circuit 2943, antenna array 2920, and transceiver 2910, as described above, can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during the FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance. Figure 29the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920. For example, the aforementioned means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by a second timing advance during an FD mode, where the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance can include Figure 1 the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943, the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920. In another aspect, the aforementioned means can be a circuit or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0309] Figure 29 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process 3300 at a network access node (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) in accordance with some aspects. Some or all of the illustrated features can be omitted in particular implementations within the scope of the present disclosure, and some features illustrated can not be required in all implementations. In some examples, process 3300 can be performed by a network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) illustrated in FIG. 29. Figure 29 may be performed by a network access node 2900 (e.g., base station, scheduling entity) illustrated in FIG. 29. The network access node 2900 can be similar to the network access node 2900 of, for example, any of Figure 29 , 2 , 4, 5-8, 11-12, 23, and / or 29. In some examples, process 3300 can be performed by any suitable apparatus or means for performing the functions or algorithm described below.

[0310] At block 3302, the network access node can transmit a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), the command including a timing advance and an increment value. At block 3304, it can be determined in which mode the UE is operating. If the UE is operating in an HD mode, the process can proceed to block 3306. At block 3306, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during the HD mode. However, if it is determined at block 3304 that the UE is operating in an FD mode, at block 3308, the network access node can receive an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during the FD mode. According to some aspects, the timing advance command is transmitted on at least one of: RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling.

[0311] In one configuration, the network access node 2900 includes means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, where the timing advance command includes a timing advance and an increment value, means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during an HD mode, and means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during an FD mode.

[0312] In one aspect, the above-described means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, wherein the timing advance command comprises a timing advance and an increment value, means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during an HD mode, and means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during an FD mode can comprise Figure 29 the processor 2904 shown configured to perform the functions recited by the above described means. For example, the above-described means for transmitting a timing advance command to a UE, wherein the timing advance command comprises a timing advance and an increment value can comprise Figures 1-33 the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943, the antenna array 2920, and the transceiver 2910 shown. For example, the above-described means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during an HD mode can comprise the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943 as Figures 1-33 the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920 shown. For example, the above-described means for receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during an FD mode can comprise the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920 as ​ the uplink timing adjustment circuitry 2943, the communication and processing circuitry 2941, the transceiver 2910, and / or the antenna array 2920 shown. In another aspect, the above-described means can be circuitry, or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the above described means.

[0313] Example Clauses

[0314] The following numbered clauses describe implementations:

[0315] Clause 1 : A method for timing alignment of signals in a wireless communication system performed by a base station, the method comprising: determining that at least one user equipment (UE) in the wireless communication system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode with the base station; and transmitting a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication is used to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode.

[0316] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, wherein transmitting the TA indication comprises transmitting the TA indication in at least one of a random access response (RAR) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

[0317] Clause 3: The method of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the TA indication is configured for at least one of a particular panel of the UE, a particular beam group of the UE, or a particular beam pair of the UE.

[0318] Clause 4: The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein transmitting the TA indication comprises transmitting a TA value range to the UE via at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

[0319] Clause 5: The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the TA value range is a pre-defined range.

[0320] Clause 6: The method of clause 5, wherein the TA value (TA applied ) to be applied at the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on a fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system.

[0321] Clause 7: The method of clause 6, further comprising determining the TA indicated based on the TA applied and the duration value of the CP within the TA value range according to the following relationship: TA indicated -CP < TA applied < TA indicated .

[0322] Clause 8: The method of clause 7, further comprising determining the TA applied based on a correction factor (5), wherein TA applied = TA indicated - 5 and 5 is bounded by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP, where 5 = [0, CP].

[0323] Clause 9: The method of clause 8, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises: determining 5 based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing ti for a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 for an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein 5 is determined according to the following relationship: ti - t2 - 5 < CP.

[0324] Clause 10: The method of clause 7, further comprising determining the TA indicated based on the TA applied , the duration value of the CP, and a delay (di) within the TA value range according to the following relationship: TA indicated -CP - di < TA applied < TA indicated - di, where di is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

[0325] Clause 11: The method of clause 6, further comprising determining the TA based on the TA being within a TA value range, a duration value of the CP, and a delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship: indicated TA applied - CP + DS < TA indicated < TA applied < TA indicated .

[0326] Clause 12: The method of clause 11, further comprising determining the TA to which a correction factor d is applied: applied where TA applied = TA indicated - d and the correction factor (d) is bounded by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP minus the delay spread DS, where d = [0, CP - DS].

[0327] Clause 13: The method of clause 12, further comprising the wireless communication system comprising a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprising determining d based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing ti of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, where d is determined according to the following relationship: ti - t2 - d < CP.

[0328] Clause 14: The method of clause 6, further comprising determining the TA based on the TA being within a TA value range, a duration value of the CP, and a delay spread DS of the downlink delay time according to the following relationship: indicated TA applied - CP - di + DS < TA indicated < TA applied < TA indicated - di, where di is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

[0329] Clause 15: A method performed by a user equipment (UE) for signal timing alignment in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication is to indicate a selection of a fixed TA value or one of TA value ranges to be used by the UE when operating in an FD mode; and transmitting, to the base station, one or more uplink signals at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the TA value range.

[0330] Clause 16: The method of clause 15, wherein receiving the TA indication comprises receiving the TA indication in at least one of a random access channel (RACH) preamble, a random access response (RAR), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

[0331] Clause 17: The method of any of clauses 15-16, wherein the TA indication is configured for a particular panel in the UE, a particular beam group of the UE, or a particular beam pair of the UE.

[0332] Clause 18: The method of any of clauses 15-17, wherein receiving the TA indication comprises receiving the TA value range from the base station via one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

[0333] Clause 19: The method of any of clauses 15-18, wherein the TA value range is a pre-defined range.

[0334] Clause 20: The method of any of clauses 15-19, wherein the TA value (TA applied ) to be applied by the UE is configured to be within a range of a fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system.

[0335] Clause 21: The method of clause 20, further comprising determining the TA indicated based on the TA applied and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship: TA indicated -CP < TA indicated < TA indicated .

[0336] Clause 22: The method of clause 21, further comprising determining the TA applied based further on a correction factor (5), wherein TA applied = TA indicated - 5 and 5 is bounded from zero to the duration value of the CP, where 5 = [0, CP].

[0337] Clause 23: The method of clause 21, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises determining 5 based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing ti for a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 for an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein 5 is determined according to the following relationship: ti - t2 - 5 < CP.

[0338] Clause 24: The method of clause 20, further comprising determining the TA based on the TA being within a range of TA values, a duration value of a CP, and a delay (dl) according to the following relationship: indicated applied : TA indicated - CP - dl < TA applied indicated indicated

[0339] Clause 25: The method of clause 20, further comprising determining the TA based on the TA being within a range of TA values, a duration value of a CP, and a delay spread (DS) of a downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship: indicated applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied indicated .

[0340] Clause 26: The method of clause 25, further comprising determining the TA with a correction factor (5) applied according to: applied where TA applied = TA indicated - 5 and 5 is bounded by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP minus the delay spread DS, where 5 = [0, CP - DS].

[0341] Clause 27: The method of clause 26, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises determining 5 based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing tl for a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 for an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein 5 is determined according to the following relationship: tl - t2 - 5 < CP.

[0342] Clause 28: The method of clause 20, further comprising determining the TA based on the TA being within a range of TA values, a duration value of a CP, and a delay spread (DS) of a downlink delay time according to the following relationship: indicated applied : TA indicated - CP - dl + DS < TA applied indicated indicated -dl, where dl is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

[0343] ​​​​​Clause 29: The method of any of clauses 1-28, wherein fixing the TA comprises sending a TA value in a TA command used in the communication system.

[0344] Clause 30: A method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising: receiving a timing advance command from a network access node; sending a value indicating a timing advance capability to the network access node; adjusting a timing advance indicated by the timing advance command based on the timing advance capability to produce an adjusted timing advance; and sending an uplink signal to the network access node using the adjusted timing advance.

[0345] Clause 31 : The method of clause 30, wherein the timing advance capability indicates that the UE has a capability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command.

[0346] Clause 32: The method of any of clauses 30-31, wherein adjusting the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command further comprises: maintaining the timing advance when the timing advance capability indicates a lack of capability to adjust the timing advance.

[0347] Clause 33: The method of any of clauses 30-32, further comprising: prior to sending the value indicating the timing advance capability, receiving a random access channel (RACH) response (RAR) in a contention-based random access procedure, wherein sending the value indicating the timing advance capability further comprises: in response to receiving the RAR, sending the value indicating the timing advance capability in a radio resource control (RRC) connection request.

[0348] Clause 34: The method of any of clauses 30-33, wherein sending the value indicating the timing advance capability further comprises: sending the value indicating the timing advance capability in a random access channel (RACH) preamble in a contention-free random access procedure.

[0349] Clause 35: The method of any of clauses 30-33, wherein sending the value indicating the timing advance capability further comprises: sending the value indicating the timing advance capability in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or uplink control information (UCI) signaling.

[0350] Clause 36: The method of any of clauses 30-35, wherein the UE operates in a full duplex (FD) mode and the network access node operates in a different mode than the FD mode, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of an assigned FD mode window from the network access node; and receiving a subsequent timing advance command from the network access node during the assigned FD mode window.

[0351] Clause 37: The method of clause 36, further comprising: applying a subsequent timing advance indicated in a subsequent timing advance command during at least a portion of the assigned FD mode window.

[0352] Clause 38: The method of clause 36, wherein at least one of the subsequent timing advance command or the indication of the assigned FD mode window is received in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0353] Clause 39: A method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising: operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode; transmitting, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by a first timing advance indicated by a first timing advance command; and transmitting, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by a second timing advance received during an assigned FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0354] Clause 40: The method of clause 39, wherein at least one of the first timing advance, the second timing advance, or the assigned FD mode window is indicated by at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0355] Clause 41: A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising: operating in a half duplex (HD) mode or a full duplex (FD) mode; receiving a timing advance command, the command comprising: a first timing advance associated with the HD mode, and a second timing advance associated with the FD mode; transmitting, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance; and transmitting, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance, wherein the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0356] Clause 42: The method of clause 41, wherein receiving the timing advance command further comprises receiving the timing advance command in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0357] Clause 43: A method of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a user equipment (UE), comprising: operating in a half-duplex (HD) mode or a full-duplex (FD) mode; receiving a timing advance command, the timing advance command comprising: a timing advance and an increment value; transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance during the HD mode; and transmitting an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value during the FD mode.

[0358] Clause 44: The method of clause 43, wherein receiving the timing advance command further comprises receiving the timing advance command in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0359] Clause 45: A method of wireless communication in a wireless communication network at a network access node, comprising: transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE); receiving a value indicating a timing advance capability of the UE; and receiving an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE.

[0360] Clause 46: The method of clause 45, wherein the timing advance capability indicates that the UE has a capability to adjust the timing advance indicated by the timing advance command.

[0361] Clause 47: The method of any of clauses 45-46, wherein receiving the uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE further comprises: when the timing advance capability indicates a lack of capability to adjust the timing advance, receiving the uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance indicated in the timing advance command.

[0362] Clause 48: The method of any of clauses 45-47, further comprising: prior to receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE, transmitting a random access channel (RACH) response (RAR) in a contention-based random access procedure, wherein receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE further comprises: receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE in a radio resource control (RRC) connection request in response to transmitting the RAR.

[0363] Clause 49: The method of any of clauses 45-48, wherein receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE further comprises: receiving the value indicating the timing advance capability of the UE in a random access channel (RACH) preamble in a contention-free random access procedure.

[0364] Clause 50: The method of any of clauses 45-48, wherein receiving the value indicative of the timing advance capability of the UE further comprises receiving the value indicative of the timing advance capability of the UE in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or uplink control information (UCI) signaling.

[0365] Clause 51 : The method of any of clauses 45-50, wherein the UE operates in a full duplex (FD) mode and the network access node operates in a different mode than the FD mode, the method further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication of an allocated FD mode window; and transmitting, to the UE, a subsequent timing advance command during the allocated FD mode window.

[0366] Clause 52: The method of clause 51, wherein receiving the uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance in accordance with the timing advance capability of the UE further comprises receiving the uplink signal adjusted by the subsequent timing advance command during at least a portion of the allocated FD mode window.

[0367] Clause 53: The method of any of clauses 51 -52, wherein at least one of the subsequent timing advance command or the indication of the allocated FD mode window is transmitted in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0368] Clause 54: A method of wireless communication at a network access node in a wireless communication network, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a timing advance command, wherein the timing advance command comprises a first timing advance associated with a half duplex (HD) mode and a second timing advance associated with a full duplex (FD) mode; receiving, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance; receiving, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance during an allocated FD mode window, wherein the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0369] Clause 55: The method of clause 54, wherein the timing advance command is transmitted on at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0370] Clause 56: A method of wireless communication at a network access node in a wireless communication network, comprising: transmitting a timing advance command, the command comprising: a first timing advance associated with a half-duplex (HD) mode, and a second timing advance associated with a full-duplex (FD) mode; receiving, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the first timing advance; receiving, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the second timing advance, wherein the second timing advance is different than the first timing advance.

[0371] Clause 57: The method of clause 56, wherein transmitting the timing advance command further comprises transmitting the timing advance command in at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0372] Clause 58: A method of wireless communication at a network access node in a wireless communication network, comprising: transmitting a timing advance command to a user equipment (UE), wherein the timing advance command comprises a timing advance and an increment value; receiving, during the HD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance; and receiving, during the FD mode, an uplink signal adjusted by the timing advance and further adjusted by the increment value.

[0373] Clause 59: The method of clause 59, wherein transmitting the timing advance command is on at least one of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0374] Clause 60: An apparatus comprising: a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to perform the method of any of clauses 1-59.

[0375] Clause 61: An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of clauses 1-59.

[0376] Clause 62: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of an apparatus to perform the method of any of clauses 1-59.

[0377] Clause 63: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the method of any of clauses 1-59.

[0378] Other Considerations

[0379] Several aspects of a wireless communication network have been presented with reference to the example implementations. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure can be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards.

[0380] By way of example, various aspects can be implemented within other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet System (EPS), General Mobile Telecommunications System (GSM), and / or Global System for Mobile (GSM). Various aspects can also be implemented within systems defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO). Other examples can be implemented within systems employing IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and / or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.

[0381] In the present disclosure, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation or aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects of the disclosure. Likewise, the term "aspects" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. The term "coupled" is used herein to refer to the direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically touches object B, and object B touches object C, then objects A and C can still be considered coupled to one another — even if they do not directly physically touch one another. For instance, a first object can be coupled to a second object even though the first object is never directly physically in contact with the second object. The use of the term "circuit" and "circuitry" is meant to encompass a hardware-only implementation, an implementation that includes both hardware and software, and an implementation that is solely in software, as the term is used for convenience in manner that is common in the art, to convey the functionality of the various aspects described herein, without limiting (and especially without limiting) the manner in which this can be achieved. The term "circuitry" is used herein to refer to an

[0382] As such, one or more components, steps, features and / or functions ​ may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature or function or embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and / or functions can also be added or made optional by the skilled artisan without departing from the novel features of the disclosure. The apparatus, devices and / or components illustrated in any one or more of the figures can be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features, or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein can also be efficiently implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware. ​ The novel algorithms described herein can also be efficiently implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.

[0383] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed method is an illustration of an exemplary process. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the method may be rearranged. The appended method claims present the elements of each step in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit one to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless specifically stated therein.

[0384] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language of the claims, wherein elements referred to in the singular are not intended to mean “one and only one” unless otherwise specified, but rather “one or more.” Unless otherwise specified, the term “some” means one or more. Phrases referring to a list of “at least one” items mean any combination of these items, including individual members. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. Similarly, the structure “a and / or b” is intended to cover a; b; and a and b. All structural and functional equivalents of elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known to a person skilled in the art or that will become known thereafter are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be included in the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly stated in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for timing alignment of signals in a wireless communication system performed by a base station, the method comprising: determining that at least one user equipment (UE) in the wireless communication system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode with the base station; and transmitting a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication is used to indicate a selection of a fixed TA value or one of a range of TA values to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode, and wherein the method further comprises: wherein a TA value (TA applied ) to be applied at the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on a fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system, and wherein di is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station; or The TA is determined based on the TA value in the range of the TA indicated and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated CP < TA applied TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and a delay (d1) according to the following relationship: indicated applied : TA = d1 + CP duration value​ TA indicated - CP - d1 < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein di is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station. The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied < TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and the delay spread DS of the downlink delay time according to the following relation indicated : TA = TA value range + CP duration value + DS applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, transmitting the TA indication comprises transmitting the TA indication in at least one of a random access response (RAR) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the TA indication is configured for at least one of a specific panel of the UE, a specific beam group of the UE, or a specific beam pair of the UE.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, transmitting the TA indication comprises transmitting the range of TA values to the UE via at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, the range of TA values is a predetermined range.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, 7. The method of claim 6, wherein:

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the TA based on a correction factor (5) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ, and the delta is defined by a range from zero to a duration value of the CP, where delta = [0, CP]. the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises: determining delta based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing ti of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein delta is determined according to the following relationship: ti - t2 - delta < CP.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein:

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the TA with a correction factor δ applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ, and the correction factor (δ) is defined by subtracting the range of the delay spread DS from the duration value of the CP, where δ = [0, CP - DS]. the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises: determining delta based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing ti of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein delta is determined according to the following relationship: ti - t2 - delta < CP.

10. A base station in a wireless communication system, comprising: a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: determine that at least one user equipment (UE) in the wireless communication system is operating in a full duplex (FD) mode with the base station; and ​ ​ transmitting a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication is to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a TA value range to be used by the UE when operating in the FD mode, and wherein a TA value (TA applied ) to be applied at the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on the fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system, and wherein the processor and the memory are further configured to: The TA is determined based on the TA value in the range of the TA indicated and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated -CP≤TA applied ≤TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and a delay (d1) according to the following relationship: indicated TA = d1 + CP duration applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and the delay spread DS of the downlink delay time according to the following relation indicated : TA = TA value range + CP duration value + DS applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

11. The base station of claim 10, wherein, transmitting the TA indication includes transmitting the TA indication in at least one of a random access response (RAR) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

12. The base station of claim 10, wherein, the TA indication is configured for at least one of a particular panel of the UE, a particular beam group of the UE, or a particular beam pair of the UE.

13. The base station of claim 10, wherein, transmitting the TA indication includes transmitting the TA value range to the UE via at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

14. The base station of claim 10, wherein, the TA value range is a predetermined range.

15. The base station of claim 10, the processor and the memory further configured to determine a TA based on a correction factor (5) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ, and the delta is defined by a range from zero to a duration value of the CP, where delta = [0, CP].

16. The base station of claim 15, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the processor and the memory are further configured to: determine δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing t1 to a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 to an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein δ is determined according to the following relationship: t1 - t2 - δ < CP.

17. The base station of claim 10, the processor and the memory further configured to determine a TA with a correction factor d applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ, and the correction factor (δ) is defined by subtracting the range of the delay spread DS from the duration value of the CP, where δ = [0, CP - DS].

18. The base station of claim 17, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the processor and the memory are further configured to: determine δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing t1 to a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 to an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, wherein δ is determined according to the following relationship: t1 - t2 - δ < CP.

19. A method for timing alignment of signals in a wireless communication system performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication is to indicate a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a TA value range to be used by the UE when operating in a full duplex (FD) mode; and transmitting one or more uplink signals to the base station at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the TA value range, a TA value (TA applied ) to be applied by the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on the fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system, and the method further comprising: The TA is determined based on the TA value in the range of the TA indicated and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated CP < TA applied TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and a delay (d1) according to the following relationship: indicated TA = d1 + CP duration applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station; or wherein d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station. The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, where d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, Receiving the TA indication includes receiving the TA indication in at least one of a random access channel (RACH) preamble, a random access response (RAR), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

21. The method of claim 19, wherein, The TA indication is configured for a specific panel in the UE, a specific beam group of the UE, or a specific beam pair of the UE.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein, Receiving the TA indication includes receiving the TA value range from the base station via one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

23. The method of claim 19, wherein, The TA value range is a predetermined range.

24. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining the TA based further on a correction factor (5) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ and δ is defined by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP, where δ = [0, CP].

25. The method of claim 19, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises: determining δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing t1 of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP received also at the UE, wherein δ is determined according to the following relationship: t1 - t2 - δ < CP.

26. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining the TA with a correction factor (δ) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ and δ is bounded by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP minus the DS, where δ = [0, CP - DS].

27. The method of claim 26, wherein: the wireless communication system comprises a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system having at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the method further comprises: determining δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing t1 of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP received also at the UE, wherein δ is determined according to the following relationship: t1 - t2 - δ < CP.

28. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising: a transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receive, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for the UE, wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a TA value range to be used by the UE when operating in a full duplex (FD) mode; and transmit, to the base station, one or more uplink signals at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the TA value range, a TA value (TA applied ) to be applied by the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on the fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system, and the processor and the memory are further configured to: The TA is determined based on the TA value in the range of the TA indicated and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated -CP≤TA applied ≤TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and a delay (d1) according to the following relationship: indicated TA = d1 + CP duration applied : TA indicated - CP - d1≤ TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, where d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, where d1 is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

29. The UE of claim 28, wherein, Receiving the TA indication includes receiving the TA indication in at least one of a random access channel (RACH) preamble, a random access response (RAR), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE).

30. The UE of claim 28, wherein, The TA indication is configured for a particular panel in the UE, a particular beam group of the UE, or a particular beam pair of the UE.

31. The UE of claim 28, wherein, Receiving the TA indication includes receiving the TA value range from the base station via one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

32. The UE of claim 28, wherein, The TA value range is a predetermined range.

33. The UE of claim 28, the processor and the memory being further configured to determine the TA further based on a correction factor (5) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ and δ is defined by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP, where δ = [0, CP].

34. The UE of claim 28, wherein: the wireless communications system includes a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system with at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the processor and the memory are further configured to: determine δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing tl of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, where δ is determined according to the following relationship: tl - t2 - δ < CP.

35. The UE of claim 28, the processor and the memory further configured to determine a TA with a correction factor (5) applied wherein, TA applied = TA indicated - δ and δ is bounded by a range from zero to the duration value of the CP minus the DS, where δ = [0, CP - DS].

36. The UE of claim 35, wherein: the wireless communications system includes a multi-transmission and reception point (TRP) system with at least a first TRP and a second TRP, and the processor and the memory are further configured to: determine δ based on a measurement of a timing difference between a first timing tl of a downlink transmission from the first TRP received at the UE and a second timing t2 of an uplink transmission to the second TRP also received at the UE, where δ is determined according to the following relationship: tl - t2 - δ < CP.

37. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising: instructions executable by one or more processors of an apparatus to: receive, from a base station, a timing advance (TA) indication for a user equipment (UE), wherein the TA indication indicates a selection of one of a fixed TA value or a TA value range to be used by the UE when operating in a full duplex (FD) mode; and transmit, to the base station, one or more uplink signals at a timing advance based on the fixed TA value or the TA value range, a TA value (TA applied ) to be applied by the UE is configured to be within a range of TA values based on the fixed TA value (TA indicated ) and a duration value of a cyclic prefix (CP) used in the wireless communication system, and wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions executable by one or more processors of an apparatus to: The TA is determined based on the TA value in the range of the TA indicated and the duration value of the CP according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP < TA applied ≤ TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA value range, the duration value of the CP and a delay (d1) according to the following relationship: indicated TA = d1 + CP duration applied : TA indicated - CP - d1 < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein dl is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink propagation delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP + DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated ; or The TA is determined based on the TA indicated , the duration value of the CP and the delay spread (DS) of the downlink delay time according to the following relationship applied : TA indicated - CP - d1+ DS < TA applied ≤ TA indicated - d1, wherein dl is a self-interference propagation delay associated with a downlink beam of the base station and an uplink beam of the base station.

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