A reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a reservoir water level observation platform structure that comprehensively utilizes a diversion tunnel, including a water body communicator and a water level measurement structure; the water body communicator includes a blocking gate, a permanent blocking body, an upstream cavern, and a water inlet device for the diversion tunnel; the water level measurement structure includes a borehole logging, a float-type water level gauge, an integrated service device, and a water level observation building. The present invention utilizes the upstream cavern after the diversion tunnel is permanently blocked as a communicator between the reservoir and the borehole logging, solving the problems of high cost and long construction period of shore-tower water level observation platforms and easy siltation and poor connectivity of borehole-type water level observation platforms. It can significantly shorten the construction period and save investment, and has good practicality and economy. The present invention facilitates review and maintenance, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of reservoir water level monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the structural technology of a reservoir water level observation platform, particularly suitable for surface water level observation platforms in mountainous reservoirs. Specifically, the platform utilizes a diversion tunnel as an automatic reservoir water level observation platform. The upstream chamber between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body serves as a connecting tube to the reservoir water body. The top of the chamber is connected to a borehole water level logging well for measurement. Based on the connecting tube principle, the logging well water level and the reservoir water level are always kept at the same height. The real-time reservoir water level is obtained by measuring the water level in the borehole logging well. Background Art

[0002] Reservoir water level observation platforms are a crucial hydrological infrastructure in water conservancy projects, providing accurate, real-time reservoir water level data for flood control, operation, water resource allocation, and management. The site selection for a reservoir water level observation platform must be tailored to the terrain, water potential, hydraulic conditions, reservoir bank evolution, and hydrometeorological characteristics, making it difficult to find an ideal natural location. Therefore, reservoir water level observation platforms typically utilize a bank-tower structure, with a tower-shaped water level logging well constructed a certain distance from the shore and connected to the reservoir bank via a trestle. While this structure technically ensures accurate measurement results, it has significant disadvantages in construction, seismic resistance, and cost. For large and medium-sized reservoirs with significant water level fluctuations, tower-type logging wells often exceed 50 meters in height, requiring not only stringent seismic measures but also high slope support. Construction of these types of reservoir water level observation platforms also requires large lifting equipment, resulting in significant investment and a long construction period, which can even affect the timing of reservoir closure and filling. To solve the above problems, in recent years, some small reservoir projects have adopted water level observation facilities consisting of small-diameter borehole logging and horizontal water diversion tunnels. The logging well diameter generally does not exceed 25 cm, and the measuring equipment is prone to malfunctions such as touching the wall and getting stuck. The diameter of the bottom horizontal water diversion tunnel does not exceed 20 cm and is directly connected to the reservoir, which is also prone to siltation. It can only be used in projects with small water level changes and low measurement accuracy requirements, and is not suitable for use in large and medium-sized reservoir projects.

[0003] For large and medium-sized reservoir projects, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the connecting structure, it is not economical to specially excavate a long horizontal diversion tunnel. It is possible to consider transforming the cavern upstream of the permanent sealing body of the diversion tunnel instead of the horizontal diversion tunnel, and construct a new water level observation platform with a simple structure, significant anti-siltation effect, good measurement stability, and economy and practicality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of high cost and long construction period of existing tower-type water level observation platforms on the shores of large and medium-sized reservoirs, and to overcome the defects of low accuracy, easy siltation and difficult maintenance of borehole-type water level observation platforms, the present invention proposes a reservoir water level observation platform that comprehensively utilizes diversion tunnels, utilizes the upstream cavern between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body as a water body communicator, keeps the borehole logging water level and the reservoir water level in sync, and realizes a structure for automatic observation of the reservoir water level.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0006] A reservoir water level observation platform that comprehensively utilizes a diversion tunnel comprises a water body communicating device and a water level measurement structure; the water body communicating device comprises a blocking gate, a permanent blocking body, an upstream cavern, and a water inlet device for the diversion tunnel; the blocking gate is located at the inlet of the diversion tunnel, the permanent blocking body is located in the middle of the diversion tunnel, and the upstream cavern is located between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body. The blocking gate cuts off the water flow, creating conditions for the construction of the permanent blocking body; the permanent blocking body is a concrete plug that completely blocks the tunnel to prevent the reservoir from leaking; the water inlet device for the diversion tunnel comprises an inlet Water pipes and stainless steel fish nets, the water inlet pipe is located behind the blocking gate, and the stainless steel fish net is arranged at the inlet of the water inlet pipe to prevent fish from entering the diversion tunnel; the water level measurement structure includes borehole logging, a float-type water level gauge, an integrated business device and a water level observation building; the borehole logging is a logging well formed by drilling a large diameter hole in the mountain where the diversion tunnel is located until the diversion tunnel is penetrated; the upstream cavern between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body is a connecting vessel between the reservoir and the borehole logging, which keeps the water level in the borehole logging consistent with the reservoir water level.

[0007] Furthermore, the float-type water level gauge is a measuring instrument that uses the up and down floating of a float to track the rise and fall of the water level in the borehole logging. It includes a float, a balance hammer, a suspension cable, a water level wheel and an encoder. The suspension cable is connected to the float and the balance hammer respectively after passing through the water level wheel. The balance hammer tensions the suspension cable to drive the water level wheel to rotate, and the water level wheel shaft drives the encoder to display the reading through the gear. When the water level rises, the water level wheel rotates clockwise and the encoder reading increases; when the water level drops, the water level wheel rotates counterclockwise and the encoder reading decreases. The integrated service device includes an equipment cabinet, a digital communication interface, a wind-solar complementary power supply and a lightning protection interface. The equipment cabinet is a rectangular cabinet made of stainless steel, which is arranged in the water level observation building and is used to install the water level wheel and encoder; the equipment cabinet is connected to the lightning protection grounding with a grounding line; the digital communication interface is connected to the encoder of the float-type water level gauge to transmit the water level signal to the outside; the encoder is connected to the wind-solar complementary power supply with a power cord; the wind-solar complementary power supply is located in an outdoor open-air area, and is connected to the power input end of the digital communication interface with a power cord, using wind energy and photovoltaic power generation to provide the power required by the equipment; the lightning protection grounding is connected to the earth to prevent the equipment cabinet from being struck by lightning.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom plate elevation of the upstream cavern is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir; and the nozzle height of the water inlet pipe is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir.

[0009] Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is a straight pipe, an inclined pipe, or a siphon pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the wellhead and bottom of the borehole logging system connected to the upstream cavern are lined with stainless steel pipe casing to prevent collapse, and positioning steel sheets are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the stainless steel pipe casing to prevent deviation.

[0011] Furthermore, the water level measurement structure adopts one borehole logging to install multiple float-type water level gauges for calibration; or adopts multiple borehole logging to install a single float-type water level gauge for calibration.

[0012] Furthermore, when the borehole logging is installed with multiple float-type water level gauges, stainless steel partitions are used to separate and divide the areas to prevent mutual interference.

[0013] Furthermore, if the borehole logging cannot be directly connected to the upstream cavern, a short branch hole is added to connect to the borehole logging.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The upstream cavern between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body is used as a connecting vessel between the reservoir and the borehole logging. This structure can make comprehensive use of temporary projects and avoid the construction of towering shore towers and piers. It solves the problems of high cost, long construction period and poor seismic resistance of shore tower water level observation platforms; it also significantly shortens the construction period and saves investment, with good practicality and economy.

[0016] 2. The use of blocking gates and water inlet devices can effectively solve the problems of easy siltation and poor connectivity of drilled water level observation platforms and reduce maintenance requirements.

[0017] 3. Borehole logging can effectively control vertical deviation, provide better installation and observation conditions for float-type water level gauges, avoid malfunctions such as wall contact and jamming, and even install multiple devices in one borehole logging system to facilitate review and maintenance, thus ensuring the stability and effectiveness of reservoir water level monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the water level observation platform structure layout of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water body communication device of the water level observation platform of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a water level measurement structure of a water level observation platform according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment cabinet structure of the integrated service device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the single-device borehole logging structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-device borehole logging of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the short branch hole connection structure of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1-blocking gate; 2-permanent blocking body; 3-upstream cavern; 4-water inlet device of diversion tunnel; 5-water inlet pipe; 6-stainless steel fish net; 7-water level observation building; 8-borehole logging; 9-stainless steel pipe casing; 10-integrated business device; 11-wind-solar hybrid power supply; 12-lightning protection grounding; 13-float-type water level gauge; 14-balance hammer; 15-float; 16-suspension cable; 17-equipment cabinet; 18-water level wheel; 19-encoder; 20-digital communication interface; 21-power line; 22-grounding line; 23-positioning steel sheet; 24-stainless steel partition; 25-short branch hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0027] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a reservoir water level observation platform that comprehensively utilizes diversion tunnels, which consists of two parts: a water body communicator and a water level measuring structure; the water body communicator includes a blocking gate 1, a permanent blocking body 2, an upstream cavern 3, and a water inlet device 4 of the diversion tunnel; the blocking gate 1 is located at the inlet of the diversion tunnel, the permanent blocking body 2 is located in the middle of the diversion tunnel, and the upstream cavern 3 is located between the blocking gate 1 and the permanent blocking body 2. The blocking gate 1 cuts off the water flow, creating conditions for the construction of the permanent blocking body 2. The permanent blocking body 2 is a concrete plug that completely blocks the tunnel body to prevent leakage of the reservoir; the bottom plate elevation of the upstream cavern 3 is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir; the water inlet device 4 of the diversion tunnel includes an inlet pipe 5 and a stainless steel fish net 6. The inlet pipe 5 is located behind the blocking gate 1, and the stainless steel fish net 6 is arranged at the inlet of the inlet pipe 5 to prevent fish from entering the diversion tunnel; the pipe mouth height of the water inlet pipe 5 is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir.

[0028] like Figure 3As shown, the water level measurement structure includes a borehole logging system 8, a float-type water level gauge 13, an integrated service device 10, and a water level observation building 7. The water level observation building 7 is vertically connected to the upstream cavern 3 through the borehole logging system 8. The float-type water level gauge 13 includes a counterweight 14, a float 15, a suspension cable 16, a water level wheel 18, and an encoder 19. The suspension cable 16 passes over the water level wheel 18 and connects to the float 15 and the counterweight 14. The counterweight 14 tensions the suspension cable 16, driving the water level wheel 18 to rotate. The shaft of the water level wheel 18 drives the encoder 19 through gears to display the reading. When the water level rises, the water level wheel 18 rotates clockwise, and the encoder 19 reading increases. When the water level drops, the water level wheel 18 rotates counterclockwise, and the encoder 19 reading decreases.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the integrated service device 10 includes an equipment cabinet 17, a digital communication interface 20, a wind-solar complementary power supply 11 and a lightning protection grounding 12; the equipment cabinet 17 is a rectangular cabinet made of stainless steel and is arranged in the water level observation building 7; the equipment cabinet 17 contains, from bottom to top, a stainless steel pipe casing 9, a water level wheel 18, an encoder 19 and a digital communication interface 20 with a display; the encoder 19 is connected to the wind-solar complementary power supply 11 using a power cord 21; the equipment cabinet 17 is connected to the lightning protection grounding 12 using a grounding line 22; the digital communication interface 20 is connected to the encoder 19 to transmit the water level signal to the outside; the wind-solar complementary power supply 11 is located in an outdoor open-air area, and is connected to the power input end of the digital communication interface 20 using a power cord 21, using wind energy and photovoltaic power generation to provide power; the lightning protection grounding 12 is connected to the earth to prevent the equipment cabinet 17 from being struck by lightning.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, a stainless steel pipe casing 9 needs to be installed at the intersection of the borehole logging 8 and the upstream cavern 3 and the wellhead for local lining protection; positioning steel sheets 23 are evenly arranged on the outside of the stainless steel pipe casing 9 to position the stainless steel pipe casing 9 in the borehole logging 8 and maintain verticality.

[0031] The effective diameter of the borehole logging well 8 is 0.5 to 0.8 m. When two float-type water level gauges 13 are installed using two logging wells, the spacing between the two borehole logging wells 8 should be greater than 3 times the diameter of the borehole logging well to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock between the borehole logging wells 8; at the same time, the spacing should not exceed 3 m to avoid a lag in the changes of the two water level measurements.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, when the platform site is narrow and two float-type water level gauges 13 need to be installed in one borehole logging 8, a borehole logging 8 with a diameter greater than 1.2m can be used; in order to prevent the suspension cables 16 of the two float-type water level gauges 13 from being entangled, stainless steel partitions 24 need to be set at a certain distance inside the stainless steel pipe casing 9.

[0033] The water level observation building 7 as a building accommodating the equipment cabinet 17 can be adjusted according to the on-site landscape requirements and can adopt the form of an observation room, a landscape building, an underground observation well, etc.

[0034] The water inlet pipe 5 of the water inlet device 4 of the diversion tunnel can be a straight pipe, an inclined pipe or a siphon pipe, and a stainless steel anti-fish net needs to be set at the pipe mouth.

[0035] like Figure 7 As shown, when the borehole logging 8 cannot be directly connected to the upstream cavern 3, a short branch hole 25 can be added to the upstream cavern 3 to connect with the borehole logging 8.

[0036] The above embodiments describe the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they should not be understood as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation methods all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels, characterized by: It includes a water body communicating device and a water level measuring structure; the water body communicating device includes a blocking gate, a permanent blocking body, an upstream cavern, and a water inlet device of the diversion tunnel, the blocking gate is located at the inlet of the diversion tunnel, the permanent blocking body is located in the middle of the diversion tunnel, the upstream cavern is located between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body, the water inlet device of the diversion tunnel includes an inlet pipe and a stainless steel fish net, the inlet pipe is located behind the blocking gate, and the stainless steel fish net is arranged at the inlet of the inlet pipe; the water level measuring structure includes a borehole logging, a float-type water level gauge and a ground water level observation building, the borehole logging is a logging well formed by drilling a large diameter hole in the mountain where the diversion tunnel is located until the diversion tunnel is penetrated, the upstream cavern between the blocking gate and the permanent blocking body is a communicating device between the reservoir and the borehole logging; the bottom plate elevation of the upstream cavern is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir; the pipe mouth height of the water inlet pipe is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir.

2. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water level measurement structure also includes an integrated service device; the float-type water level gauge includes a float, a balance hammer, a suspension cable, a water level wheel and an encoder. The suspension cable is connected to the float and the balance hammer after passing around the water level wheel. The balance hammer tensions the suspension cable to drive the water level wheel to rotate, and the water level wheel shaft drives the encoder to display the reading through the gear; when the water level rises, the water level wheel rotates clockwise and the encoder reading increases; when the water level drops, the water level wheel rotates counterclockwise and the encoder reading decreases; the integrated service device includes an equipment cabinet, a digital communication interface, a wind-solar complementary power supply and a lightning protection grounding; the equipment cabinet is stainless steel A rectangular cabinet made of steel is arranged in the water level observation building and is used to install the water level wheel and encoder; the equipment cabinet is connected to the lightning protection grounding through a grounding line; the digital communication interface is connected to the encoder of the float-type water level gauge to transmit the water level signal to the outside; the encoder is connected to the wind-solar complementary power supply through a power line; the wind-solar complementary power supply is located in an outdoor open-air area and is connected to the power input end of the digital communication interface through a power line, using wind energy and photovoltaic power generation to provide the power required by the equipment; the lightning protection grounding is connected to the earth to prevent the equipment cabinet from being struck by lightning.

3. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water inlet pipe is a straight pipe, an inclined pipe, or a siphon pipe.

4. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The wellhead and bottom of the borehole logging well are connected to the upstream cavern and are lined with stainless steel pipe casings to prevent collapse. Positioning steel sheets are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the stainless steel pipe casing to prevent deviation.

5. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water level measurement structure adopts one borehole logging device to install multiple float-type water level gauges for calibration; or adopts multiple borehole logging devices to install a single float-type water level gauge for calibration.

6. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing the diversion tunnel according to claim 5 is characterized by: When multiple float-type water level gauges are installed in the borehole logging, stainless steel partitions are used to separate and divide the areas to prevent mutual interference.

7. The reservoir water level observation platform utilizing diversion tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized by: If the borehole logging can not be directly connected with the upstream cavern, a short branch hole is added to connect with the borehole logging.

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